Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking Language points课件(共37张PPT)人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

(共37张PPT)
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Reading and Thinking Language points
1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
教材原句：This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been ..., a crucial new treatment for malaria.
【常见搭配】
be crucial to/for 对......至关重要
play a crucial role/part in ... 在......中起至关重要的作用
It is crucial that... ......极其重要（从句中谓语要用should+动词原形，should可省略）
Making right career choices _____________________________.
做出正确的职业选择对个人成功至关重要。
It is crucial that the problem __________________ immediately.
关键是要马上处理这一问题。
Parents _____________________preparing their child for school.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
is crucial to personal success
play a crucial role in
【练一练】
(should) be dealt with
2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
[教材原句] Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
【常见搭配】
be vital for / to sth. 对……极为重要
It is vital that ... (should) do sth. 做……是十分重要的
It is vital to do sth. 做某事是极为重要的
【练一练】
1. It is vital that we ___________ (be) in a good state of mind in the face of failure.
2. Understanding history is vital ________ understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
3. Reading is _____ vital importance in learning language.
翻译：
1. 信守诺言非常重要。
2. 了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。
to/for
(should) be
It is vital to keep promises.
Understanding history is vital to/for understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
of
3. committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
[教材原句] Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，一位忠 于职守、有耐心的科学家, 1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
【常见搭配】
be committed to (doing) sth 忠于……；致力于……；献身于......
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.
他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
【词汇拓展】
(1) commit vt. 承诺，保证；做（错事），犯（罪）；投入（钱、时间、人力等） vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself/sb to sth/do sth/doing sth 承诺/ 保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)，致力于
commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/ 犯错误
commit to sb. / sth. 忠于；全心全意投入
(2) commitment n.承诺；奉献；投入
make a commitment 作出承诺
carry out one’s commitment 履行某人的承诺
3. committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
【练一练】
1. He committed himself ____ the cause of education.
2. Mr. Li is a ___________ (commit) teacher, who is very popular among students.
3. This development area _______________（致力于） creating a perfect investment environment.
4. There was no doubt that her colleague ____________________（犯了罪） and was put into prison.
5. If you are serious about our relationship, you should __________________（做出承诺）.
to
committed
is committed to
committed a crime
make a commitment
4. objective
[教材原句] In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new ....
n. 目的，目标
with the objective/aim/purpose of
set/achieve an objective 设定/实现目标
Eg 他致力于自己的工作，希望能救出尽可能多的人。
He is committed to his work with the objective of helping as many
people as possible.
adj.客观的 [反] subjective
5. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
[教材原句] From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments... 通过研究，他们发现并测试了380 种不同的……古代中医疗法。
be distinct from ... (in...) = be different from ... (in...) 在......方面与......不同
翻译：这两张海报在风格方面截然不同。
The two posters are distinct definitely from each other in style.
【词汇拓展】
(1) distinction n.［C，U］ 差别；区分；辨别；卓越
make/draw a distinction between ... and ... 把......和......区分开来
clear/sharp distinction 明显的不同
完成句子：It’s difficult for a child to ________________________________________　（明辨是非）.
(2) distinctive adj. 特别的，独特的，有特色的
Eg The store has become famous for its distinctive scent.
make a distinction between right and wrong
5. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、 习俗等)存在；流行
[教材原句] They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 然后，他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿，并使用从它当中获得的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。
【常见搭配】
obtain sth. (from sb. / sth) (从某人/某物)获得某物
obtain sth. through 通过……获得
完成句子：
1. The results are obtained _______ repeated experiments. 结果是通过反复试验获得的。
2. He obtained an important mission _____ the organization. 他从该组织获得了一项重要任务。
through
from
7. acknowledge v. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
[教材原句] However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 然而，屠呦呦不承认失败。
【常见搭配】
acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as... 承认某事/某人是......
acknowledge that... 承认…
It is (widely/generally) acknowledged that... 人们(普遍)认为……
【词汇拓展】
acknowledgement n. 承认[U]；（公开）感谢[C,U]
【练一练】
1. Tu Youyou __________________________ one of the greatest scientists in the world.
= ___________________________ Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientists in the world.
2. With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge ___ (steal) the lady’s purse.
3. I would like to ____________ all the help I have received from my family.
is widely acknowledged as/to be
It is widely acknowledged that
stealing
acknowledge
7. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
suffer (a) defeat 遭遇失败
acknowledge/admit/accept defeat 认输
defeat the enemy 击败敌人
【词语辨析】defeat，beat 与 win
defeat/beat 都表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜、打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手，可以互换，如beat/defeat the team/competitor...
win 战胜、赢得。其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词，如win a game/match/race/prize。竞争对手不能作其宾语。但可说 win over sb，指把某人争取过来
Yesterday I __________ Hanks in the match. He ____ only one set，while I ___ two.
昨天在比赛中我赢了汉克斯。他只赢了一局，而我赢了两局。
defeated/beat
won
won
8. insist vi.&vt. 坚持；坚决要求
[教材原句] Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药，以确保它的安全性。
【常见搭配】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(要做)某事
insist that...
(1) 表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气
The woman insists that her husband is an honest man and can’t do it.
(2) 表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即insist that ... (should) do ...
The doctor insisted that my mother (should) stay at home for at least ten days.
【练一练】
1. The brave captain insisted on _________ (head) to the destination in the storm.
2. He insisted that the problem _________________ (discuss) at the meeting.
3. She insisted that the man ______________ (steal) her wallet and that he _____________ (send) to the police station.
heading
(should) be discusssed
had stolen
(should) be sent
句式1：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10 万人的性命。
(1) “sb./sth. be thought to ...”结构表示“.......被认为……”，可与“It’s thought that”互换。类似用法的词还有said, believed, considered, reported等。
be said to... =It’s said that
be reported to... = It’s reported that
be believed to...= It’s believed that
be claimed to... = It’s claimed that
完成句子：据报道，得这种新疾病的人症状不一
Different people with the new disease _______________(report) have diverse symptoms. = _________________ different people with the new disease have diverse symptoms.
are reported to
It’s reported that
据说……
据报道……
人们相信……
据声称……
(2) “sb./sth. be thought(过去分词) to ...”结构中，不定式有时态和语态的变化。
to do(表示一般情况或动作将要发生)
to be doing(表示动作正在进行)
to have done(表示动作已完成)
to be done（表示被动且动作将要发生）
to have been done（表示被动且动作已完成）
例：be thought
Mr Smith is said to _______________________next month.
据说，史密斯先生下个月会出国。
Mr Smith is said to _____________________________three times.
据说，史密斯先生已经出国三次了。
Mr Smith is said to _________________________________ abroad now.
据说，史密斯先生现在正在国外学习。
go abroad
have been abroad
be studying
句式2. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖的消息时，她说：“荣誉不只是属于我自己……”
[句式剖析]
在本句中，Upon hearing…是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
upon还可换为介词on，表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。这种用法常见于正式文体中，译为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”
Upon receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Green immediately rushed home from his office.
句式2. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖的消息时，她说：“荣誉不只是属于我自己……”
[拓展]
有时也可用“upon/on + 名词”形式表达相同的意思。
Upon/on their return to the country, the girls in the national volleyball team received praise and fresh flowers.
改写句子：
1. I’ll tell her the news as soon as I see her.
→________________ her, I’ll tell her the news.
2. As soon as they arrived at the village, these college students went to help the farmers with their work.→__________________ at the village, these college students went to help the farmers with their work.
→__________________ at the village, these college students went to help the farmers with their work.
Upon/On seeing
Upon/On arriving
Upon/On their arrival
Build up your vocabulary
Activity1. Write down the word that matches each definition. Then use the correct form of the words to fill in the blanks.
1. ________ cook something in very hot water
2. __________ relating to plants
3. _________ qualities or characteristics of something
4. ________ a kind of substance that flows freely, such as water or milk
5. _________ physical material that exists
boil
botanical
properties
liquid
substance
Tu youyou and her team first tried ___________ sweet wormwood and used the _____________ obtained, only to find it didn’t work since its medical _____________ were destroyed. It was not until she used a lower temperature that the ____________ named artemisinin, a ___________ treatment for malaria, was successfully extracted.
boiling
liquid
properties
substance
botanical
Activity2. Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots.
1 The two flowers are quite distinct from one another, so it is easy to make a _________ between them.
2 Scientists need to _______ how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.
3 A talented scientist well known for his ___________ to his country, Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics.
distinction
evaluate
commitment
Activity2. Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots.
4 A: Did you come to any conclusions
B: Yes, we _________ that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature, we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment.
5 She spends a lot of time ___________ her patients’ dreams. This analysis is very helpful, explaining their daily behaviour very well.
concluded
analysing
Activity3. Read the passage about Lu Xun. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucial
Lu Xun, _____________ as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1881. In 1904, he went to Japan and became a medical student, with the __________ of improving people’s health and saving lives. However, he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier.
acknowledged
objective
Activity3. Read the passage about Lu Xun. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucial
It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo __________ did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. From this, he concluded that the _________ problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time.
Following this, he quit medical school. When he returned to China in 1908, he _________ a teaching job. In 1917, a friend ________ that he help write for a magazine called New Youth. That was how his first famous short story A Madman’s Diary got published.
apparently
crucial
obtained
insisted
Activity4 In pairs, discuss how people can achieve success, using words and expressions you have learnt in this unit.
Acquire as much as basic knowledge from then on.
Continue working at it after you fully understand it.
Hug any difficulty you may come across on your way to explore it.
Ignore such an opinion that you will fail.
Employ yourself in it.
Value any chance to get close to it even you have to give up something else.
Encourage the rest of the world to fully understand and respect it.
1. conclusion n. 结论；推论；结束
【常见搭配】
in conclusion (= to conclude) 总而言之
come to / reach / draw a conclusion得出结论
【词汇拓展】
conclude vt. 得出结论，推断出 vi.&vt.（使）结束，终止
conclude (sth) with/by doing sth 以……结束......
conclude ... from ... 从……中推断出……
【练一练】
1. 翻译：得出结论之前我们将做进一步的讨论。
2. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it ____ important points.
3. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。
I _____________________________________________________ that where there is a will, there is a way. (conclusion)
= I _________________________________ that where there is a will, there is a way. (conclude)
We’ll have a further discussion before we come to/ reach/ draw a conclusion.
with
drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences
concluded from my own experiences
综合练习1 写出下列单词的不同形式
1. _________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→________ vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→_____________ n. 承诺；忠诚；奉献；承诺的事；投入
2. ________ adj.植物学的→________ n. 植物学
3. ________ vt. 评价；评估→__________ n. 评估；评价
4. _________adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→___________ n. 差别；区别；卓越→___________ adj. 独特的，特别的；与众不同的
5. ________vt. 分析→________ n. (pl. analyses)分析
6. __________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→________ adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
committed
commit
commitment
botanical
botany
evaluate
evaluation
distinct
distinction
distinctive
analyse(ze)
analysis
apparently
apparent
7．________ adj.科学(上)的→________ n．科学家→________ n．科学
8．________ n．结论，推论→________ vt.推断出；得出结论 vi.结束，终止
9. ________ n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→________ adj.学业的；学术的 ____________ adv.学术上
scientific
scientist
science
conclusion
conclude
综合练习1 写出下列单词的不同形式
academy
academic
academically
1 with the objective of
2 medical properties
3 by chance
4 get stuck
5 acknowledge defeat
5 a treatment for
7 insist on doing sth
8 upon hearing that
9 draw out
10 a collection of
11 wear and tear
以……为目标
药用性
陷入僵局、困境
认输
一种针对...的疗法
坚持做某事
一听到……
综合练习2 根据意思写出下列短语
碰巧，意外地
提取出
一批...
磨损，损耗
综合练习3 单句语法填空
1. He made a very thorough ________ (analyse) on the situation.2. He _____________ (acknowledge) that he had broken the law.3. They are committed to __________ (develop) a new __________ (evaluate) system.
4. Many people make a sharp __________ (distinct) between humans and other animals.
5. What amazed me most was that I met my previous teacher abroad ________ chance.
6. Upon ________ (arrive) at the airport, we were given a warm welcome by our friends.
analysis
acknowledged
developing
evaluation
distinction
by
arriving
综合练习3 单句语法填空
7. He refused to acknowledge ____________ (defeat) by the other competitor in the match, but it was in vain.
8. This led Jones to the__________(conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.
9. It is indeed an honour for us ___________ (invite) here to meet the great scientist face to face.
10. If you want to apply for the job, you will need _________ (obtain) permission from the manager.
being defeated
to obtain
to be invited
conclusion
Thank You!