UNIT 8 Green living 单元提升强化练--2025北师大版高中英语必修第三册同步练习题（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025北师大版高中英语必修第三册
单元提升强化练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·四川成都高一检测)
Newly discovered damage to part of Glen Canyon Dam,which holds back America’s second-largest reservoir(水库),makes the 40 million people who rely on the Colorado River worried about their ability to get the water they need.
The dam is a giant concrete construction between towering walls of desert red rock in just south of the Utah-Arizona state line.Inside it,where the bottom of the dam meets the Colorado River,there are four huge pipes(管道).
“When these are turned on,the water will shoot three quarters of the way across the river here,” says Bob Martin,the U.S.Department of Reclamation’s deputy power manager for Glen Canyon Dam.“It’s amazing how far this water will shoot out.”
But now,with Lake Powell,the reservoir behind the dam,at a near-record low due to climate change and steady demand for water,these pipes could be a lot more important.If Lake Powell continues to shrink,they may be the only way to get water out of it and into the Colorado River.
Water managers are now worried because the recently discovered damage was inside those important tubes.“This is a really big problem.And it really has a big impact on how water is managed throughout this whole area,” says Eric Balken,executive director of the nonprofit Glen Canyon Institute.
The dam itself remains structurally sound,and federal water managers plan to repair the pipes late this year or early next.They have not yet figured out how much it will cost.Zach Frankel,executive director of the Utah Rivers Council,says fixing them doesn’t solve the problem,and much bigger changes are needed.“We have to stop pretending like we’re in a short term drought,and reservoir levels are going to recover,” Frankel says.
1.What problem would the damage cause
A.Shortage of power supply.
B.Difficulty in getting water.
C.Possibility of serious floods.
D.Threat to the environment.
2.What does the underlined word “shrink” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Get smaller.　 B.Freeze over.
C.Dry up. D.Be polluted.
3.What can we learn about the pipes from paragraph 6
A.They will be replaced by experts at once.
B.The budget of repairing them remains unclear.
C.They caused damage to the structure of the dam.
D.Fixing them is the key to solving the water shortage.
4.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Glen Canyon Dam contributes to water storage.
B.Climate change results in damage to the Glen Canyon Dam.
C.Newly-discovered damage in Glen Canyon Dam brings about concern.
D.Water managers work together to make adjustments to Glen Canyon Dam.
B
(2024·山东烟台高一检测)
Originally from the southeastern US,the red swamp crayfish have become an unwelcomed world traveler.They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia.These invasive(入侵的) crayfish are mobile and end anger native species.In the US,they are spread by private owners or lab researchers releasing unwanted ones into ponds and rivers.For their damaging nature,the US Fish and Wildlife Service(FWS) will by no means give up fighting against them.
In 2017,the red swamp crayfish found its first Michigan home in a hotel pond.Over the years,researchers and workers have caught and removed more than 150,000 crayfish from the ponds but still see no end to completely removing them.They lay so many eggs,dig holes and can live anywhere.They outcompete native species for food and space.They have even spread across the city areas to the countryside waters.Their natural behavior and habits of digging holes make them a danger to native species and construction structures along the waterways.If left uncontrolled,they could damage water quality,wetlands,riverbanks and wild rice beds completely.
Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching,hole filling and others.All of these approaches take a significant amount of time,money and scientific expert knowledge and skills.With the species continuing to enter waterways,the need to control its populations and protect native species is pressing for protecting the environment and the ecosystem.The team of researchers badly needs to develop new techniques.“We hope to find effective methods of management.The important thing is that we need a rapid combination of lab findings with field application,” said Kathleen,a crayfish biologist.
“People are paying attention because the problems caused by the crayfish exist(存在) not just in Michigan,but in the entire Great Lakes basin,” said Kathleen.“This species can be really harmful to our natural resources in Michigan.If you like to get outdoors and see clean water,then you should care about this.We need further and continuous efforts to prevent similar situations from happening.”
5.Why are the red swamp crayfish unpopular with people
A.They attack local fishermen at times.
B.They have eaten up all the species in water.
C.They are used to living in fixed water areas.
D.They greatly damage the ecological environment.
6.What makes the red swamp crayfish hard to remove
A.Their rapid speed of escape.
B.Their strong reproducing ability.
C.Their lack of natural enemies.
D.Their particular feeding habits.
7.How are the present methods of controlling the crayfish
A.Convenient and creative.
B.Practical and effective.
C.Complex and dangerous.
D.Time-consuming and costly.
8.What message does the text deliver
A.Living in harmony with nature is far from achievable.
B.The crayfish have almost died out in the United States.
C.There is still a long way to go in managing the crayfish.
D.People have lost confidence in controlling invasive species.
C
(2024·河北沧州高一检测)
Climate change is drying out rivers,supercharging wildfires,raising seas and changing the seasons as we know them.These disastrous changes to the environment we depend on for food and shelter are also harming our mental health.
“We’re seeing a lot of anxieties in research,especially as more people start to understand that climate change is a very real phenomenon,” says Derrick Sebree,a psychologist(心理学家) at the Michigan School of Psychology.
A recently published UN report noted that mental health cases are resulting from extreme weather and rising temperatures.It also warned that these extreme conditions are only going to worsen.In 2017,the American Psychological Association argued that therapists(理疗师) will be almost as important as cooling centers to help people deal with a changing planet.
When Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans,the storm and resulting floods killed nearly 2,000 people and damaged nearly 300,000 homes.A study of 400 people found a quarter experienced post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) for two years following the storm.
Therapists treating natural disaster survivors say mental health issues may not always appear immediately.“Two to three years later,somebody may think they are doing great,but actually they’re not,” says Dix Moore-Broussard,a therapist who experienced Katrina and treated those who suffered PTSD from it.
Along with the typical symptoms(症状) of PTSD,like anxiety,Moore-Broussard says she saw patients who had deep worry about what might happen in the future,which can badly affect normal brain function.People who had been impacted by natural disasters also struggled to focus and process their thoughts.
Psychologists are taking climate change seriously.They help patients find local therapists who have signaled an interest in treating climate-related disorders.“People experiencing climate anxiety tend to care about the environment and can benefit from spending time outdoors,” says Derrick Sebree.He adds that spending time in nature improves both mental health conditions and physical conditions.
9.Which is a cause of mental health cases according to the UN report
A.Worsening weather conditions.
B.Increasing medical costs.
C.Concern about food supplies.
D.Pressure from daily work.
10.What does Derrick Sebree probably advise people with climate anxiety to do
A.Spend time at home.
B.Grow houseplants.
C.Keep happy memories.
D.Get close to nature.
11.What is the text mainly about
A.A cure for the mental disorder.
B.A solution to natural disasters.
C.Climate change’s hidden threat.
D.Family worries about the heat.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·河南商丘高一检测)
Endangered species
An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.　1　 Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them.There are many reasons why species become endangered.
Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways.When humans move into a new area,the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.　2　 Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals’ homes and food supplies.
Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly-valued meat,fur,bones or skin,or just for sport.　3　
　4　 We should take care not to pollute natural areas,and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties.The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts.Governments can help,too,by making it against the law to hunt,fish or trade in endangered species.They can also provide funding for animal sanctuaries(禁猎区),to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals,which they later release into the wild.　5　
A.Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution.
B.Eventually,all the creatures on Earth will enjoy being together.
C.Recent changes,however,have helped to improve the situation.
D.So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species
E.Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.
F.If we all cooperate and take these steps,we will protect these animals for future generations.
G.Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures becoming endangered species,like sharks.
Ⅲ.完形填空
It is well known that we Sherpa(夏尔巴人)are regarded as the backbone for climbing above 8,000 meters.But 　1　,there were no Sherpa on the list of 8,000-meter Winter First Ascents(攀登),which made me as a Sherpa feel 　2　.I attempted to climb K2,the second highest mountain in the world last winter,but 　3　.Yet I still wanted to see our flag put on its 　4　,which had long been my dream.
This year,I made all the arrangements and teamed with three other Sherpa.I trusted them because they were strong,　5　 and most importantly they were thinking like me—national 　6　 first.When we started on Nov.21,we 　7　 that we could succeed in reaching the top within three weeks if the weather remained 　8　.But later,when we were closer to Camp Four,my left foot was getting frozen,so I was 　9　 I could put my teammates in danger if I continued.They comforted me and advised me to 　10　 it by kicking the ice,which 　11　 worked before we set out again.One of my teammates,Tenzi,was 　12　 the way and fixing lines all the way.We were climbing behind him carrying ropes and other stuff.We all knew it was 　13　 that could make all of us hold on straight to the end.
December 17 finally! At 4:43 pm,we joined shoulder to shoulder to the summit but not arriving 　14　.It didn’t 　15　 which one of us got the first,but we did it for the significant meaning.When we unite,nothing is impossible.
1.A.surprisingly B.traditionally
C.naturally D.fortunately
2.A.hopeless B.ashamed
C.satisfied D.relieved
3.A.remained B.complained
C.failed D.suffered
4.A.territory B.ground
C.border D.summit
5.A.reliable B.realistic
C.attractive D.addicted
6.A.pride B.security
C.property D.strategy
7.A.doubted B.confirmed
C.permitted D.expected
8.A.hot B.typical
C.normal D.freezing
9.A.confident B.worried
C.doubtful D.amazed
10.A.warm B.free
C.wrap D.affect
11.A.frequently B.actually
C.hardly D.differently
12.A.losing B.asking
C.limiting D.leading
13.A.guideline B.teamwork
C.luck D.technique
14.A.immediately B.safely
C.individually D.entirely
15.A.claim B.demonstrate
C.matter D.occur
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2024·广东广州高一检测)
The jaguar(美洲豹) is the largest cat in the Americas.A hundred years ago,jaguars 1.　　　　　　(find) everywhere from the south-western United States to Argentina,in South America.Today,jaguars are an endangered species throughout their 2.(nature) habitat and have been lost from 50 percent of their territory(领土).Today they live 3.　　　　　　　　(most) in the Amazon rainforest.And jaguars aren’t the only animals losing their homes—according 4.　　　　　　　　　 the International Union for Conservation of Nature,habitat loss 5.　　　　　　(be) the main threat to about 85 percent of all endangered plant and animal species.
Tropical(热带的) rainforests cover only about 7 percent of Earth’s land,but they’re home to about half of all known plant and animal species.Most 6.(scientist) agree that about 80,000 acres(an acre is equal to 4,047 square metres) disappear every day when trees are cut down and land is cleared for farms.Trees also play 7.　　　　　　 important role in climate change.Fewer forests mean that more greenhouse gases remain 8.　　　　　　(trap) in the atmosphere,the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.
Grasslands,underwater habitats,and wetlands are also at risk.For example,the World Wildlife Fund reports that about half of the world’s wetlands 9.(disappear) about a hundred years ago as a result of being drained(排干) for either farmland 10.　　　　　　 other industries.That means less space for animals to feed and raise their young.
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国Glen Canyon大坝部分损坏造成民众担忧缺水的事件。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Newly discovered damage to part of Glen Canyon Dam...their ability to get the water they need.”可知,该大坝受损会影响人们取水,故选B项。
2.A　词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But now,with Lake Powell,the reservoir behind the dam,at a near-record low due to climate change and steady demand for water,these pipes could be a lot more important.”可知,Lake Powell就是大坝后的水库,受气候变化和用水需求的影响,它的储水量几乎达到了历史新低,shrink所在句子意为“如果Lake Powell继续……”,结合前文推断,shrink意思为缩小、减少,故选A项。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第六段中“The dam itself remains structurally sound,and federal water managers plan to repair the pipes late this year or early next.They have not yet figured out how much it will cost.”可知,目前为止人们还不知道修管道需要花多少钱,故选B项。
4.C　主旨大意题。本文主要报道了美国Glen Canyon大坝部分损坏造成民众担忧缺水的事件。即这篇文章的主旨是Glen Canyon大坝新发现的破坏引起了人们的关注。故选C项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红沼泽小龙虾作为一种入侵物种对全球多个地区的生态环境造成的负面影响,以及当前控制其数量所面临的挑战和采取的措施,同时强调了持续努力管理这些入侵物种的重要性。
5.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia...fighting against them.”可知,红沼泽小龙虾作为入侵物种威胁到本土物种,对生态环境造成了巨大破坏。故选D项。
6.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They lay so many eggs,dig holes and can live anywhere.”可知,红沼泽小龙虾难以根除是因为它们强大的繁殖能力和适应各种生存环境的能力。故选B项。
7.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching,hole filling and others.All of these approaches take a significant amount of time,money and scientific expert knowledge and skills.”可知,目前控制小龙虾数量的方法都需要大量的时间、金钱以及科学的专业知识和技能,因此是耗时且成本高昂的。故选D项。
8.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据文章最后一段可知,尽管已经采取了一些措施来控制红沼泽小龙虾的数量,但仍然有很长的路要走。故选C项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化除了导致自然灾害,还会带来潜在威胁——危害人们的心理健康。
9.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“A recently published UN report noted that mental health cases are resulting from extreme weather and rising temperatures.”可知,这份联合国报告显示气候变化是人们心理疾病的诱因之一。故选A项。
10.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘People experiencing climate anxiety tend to care about the environment and can benefit from spending time outdoors,’ says Derrick Sebree.He adds that spending time in nature improves both mental health conditions and physical conditions.”可知,Derrick Sebree建议有气候焦虑症状的人们多亲近自然。故选D项。
11.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“These disastrous changes to the environment we depend on for food and shelter are also harming our mental health.”可知,文章主要介绍了气候变化除了导致自然灾害,还会带来潜在威胁——危害人们的心理健康。故选C项。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了濒危物种形成的原因以及我们应该怎样保护这些动物。
1.E　上文“An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.”对濒危物种进行了定义,E项 “当一个物种中的最后一个死亡的时候,再也不会有了,灭绝就发生了。”承接上文,进一步阐述物种的灭绝。选项中Extinction和上文中extinct语义一致,逻辑合理。故选E项。
2.A　上文“Habitat destruction is the main reason...houses and farms.”说明动物的栖息地被破坏分两种情况,A项 “动物栖息地也因为污染而遭到破坏。”说明了栖息地被破坏的另一种方式是污染,引出下文,具体说明污染造成的破坏。选项中Animal habitats和上文中the animals’ habitat以及下文中animals’ homes语义一致。故选A项。
3.G　上文段首“Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.”说明本段主旨是:过度渔猎造成了物种濒危。G项 “过度捕捞导致许多大型海洋生物成为濒危物种,如鲨鱼。”是对本段主旨的举例说明。上下文语义一致,逻辑合理。故选G项。
4.D　下文“The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts...They can also provide funding ...”提出保护濒危动物的建议,D项 “所以个人和政府可以做什么来保护濒危物种 ”位于段首,点明本段主题:怎样保护濒危动物。故选D项。
5.F　基于上文分析可知,本段主题为怎样保护濒危动物。上文建议个人和政府怎么做来保护濒危动物,F项 “如果我们合作并采取这些措施,我们将为后代保护这些动物。”承接上文,作出总结。故选F项。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。夏尔巴人被视为攀登8 000米以上的中坚力量,但是8 000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人。作者作为夏尔巴人决定改变这个事实。他和他的队友经历重重困难,最终登峰。他觉得当人们团结起来时,没有什么是不可能的。
1.A　根据上文以及转折连词But可知,夏尔巴人被视为攀登8 000米以上的中坚力量,但令人惊讶的是(surprisingly),8 000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人。故选A项。
2.B　根据上文“there were no Sherpa on the list of 8,000-meter Winter First Ascents”可知,8 000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人,这件事让作为夏尔巴人的作者感到很羞愧(ashamed)。故选B项。
3.C　根据空前“I attempted to climb K2,the second highest mountain in the world last winter”以及转折连词but可知,作者试图攀登世界第二高峰,但是失败了(failed)。故选C项。
4.D　根据下文“December 17 finally! At 4:43 pm,we joined shoulder to shoulder to the summit”可知,作者希望把国旗插上山顶(summit)。故选D项。
5.A　根据空前“I trusted them”可知,作者相信他的队员,因为他们坚强、可靠(reliable)。故选A项。
6.A　根据上文“most importantly they were thinking like me ”可知,队员们和作者想的一样,都想把国旗插到世界第二高峰的山顶上,由此可知,队员们考虑的首先是民族自豪感(pride)。故选A项。
7.D　根据空后“that we could succeed in reaching the top within three weeks if the weather remained 　　　”可知,作者他们预计(expected),如果天气正常,他们会在三周内成功登顶。故选D项。
8.C　根据上文“we could succeed in reaching the top within three weeks”并结合常识可知,如果天气正常的话(normal),作者他们会在三周内成功登顶。故选C项。
9.B　根据上下文内容可知,当他们接近四号营地时,作者的左脚冻僵了,所以他担心(worried)如果继续下去,他可能会把队友置于危险之中。故选B项。
10.A　根据空后“by kicking the ice”以及上文提到作者的左脚冻僵可知,队友们建议作者把冰踢掉,让腿暖和过来(warm),这样可以继续前进。故选A项。
11.B　根据空后“worked before we set out again”并结合下文作者继续攀登可知,队友们的建议实际上(actually)起了作用。故选B项。
12.D　根据下文“We were climbing behind him carrying ropes and other stuff.”可知,Tenzi在前面带路。leading the way 带路。故选D项。
13.B　根据下文“When we unite,nothing is impossible.”以及全文内容可知,是团队协作(teamwork)让作者他们成功登顶。故选B项。
14.C　根据下文“but we did it for the significant meaning”可知,作者他们肩并肩登上顶峰,而不是单个人地(individually)。故选C项。
15.C　根据下文“but we did it for the significant meaning”可知,作者认为谁先到达并不重要(matter)。故选C项。
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍美洲豹的栖息地丧失,指明了野生动物栖息地消失的原因并强调了树木的重要性。
1.were found　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语A hundred years ago可知,使用一般过去时,主语jaguars是复数名词,和谓语动词是被动关系,需用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用were。故填were found。
2.natural　考查形容词。修饰名词habitat需用形容词natural作定语。故填natural。
3.mostly　考查副词。修饰动词live,需用副词mostly“主要地”作状语。故填mostly。
4.to　考查介词。according to为固定短语,意为“根据”。故填to。
5.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为loss,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
6.scientists　考查名词。scientist为可数名词,Most后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填scientists。
7.an　考查冠词。play an important role in为固定短语,意为“在……中起重要作用”。故填an。
8.trapped　考查形容词。remain为系动词,空处需填形容词trapped作表语。故填trapped。
9.disappeared　考查动词时态。that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语动词,根据时间状语a hundred years ago可知,使用一般过去时。故填disappeared。
10.or　考查连词。either...or...为固定短语,意为“或者……或者……”。故填or。
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