UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world 分层跟踪检测(1)Welcome to the unit & Reading--2025译林版高中英语必修第三册同步练习

2025译林版高中英语必修第三册
分层跟踪检测(一)Welcome to the unit & Reading
A级必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Located at the foot of a volcano,the village has developed dendrobium,a traditional Chinese 　　　　　　　(herb) medicine.
2.Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their 　　　　　　(survive) skills and maintain their wild nature.
3.Since time is 　　　　　　(limit),I drafted my speech in 10 minutes.
4.Reward all those involved in the debate 　　　　　　(sufficient) when the goals are reached.
5.The train,carrying loaded 　　　　　　(contain) on flatcars,was 1.2 miles long.
6.Initially in parts of Europe and in China,glasses were a symbol of 　　　　　　(wise) and intelligence.
7.The doctor considered that the change would be 　　　　　　(benefit) to her health.
8.It wasn’t until 1980—32 years into his career — 　　　　　　he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
9.There was an interesting 　　　　　　(illustrate) in the book that I was reading describing what his hometown was like in his eyes.
10.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son 　　　　　　　　　(graduate) from college.
Ⅱ.短语填空
make contributions to,refer to,give up,speed up,pay off,through trial and error,draw on,in short supply
1.When nutrients are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the body cannot function well.
2.For more information,you can 　　　　　　　　　the official website of China Daily.
3.Instead,it will slow down everyone a little bit but 　　　　　　　　　　checkout overall.
4.His major in college is agriculture and he is eager to 　　　　　　　　　　　our country.
5.Though Tang poems are very difficult to learn,your efforts will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　one day.
6.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to 　　　　　　　　　　　our experience from the past.
7.As we know,a scientist will make it to the top of his research only 　.
8.She didn’t 　　　　　　　　working when she had the baby.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.阅读一本书之前,你应该先查阅目录。
Before you read a book,you　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　the catalogue first.
2.就是一个冲突我们无法更好地解决。
　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　we aren’t getting any better at resolving.
3.他们有预见未来的能力,可以发出任何问题的信号,这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。
　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
4.安装这种机器相当昂贵,但从长远来看是奏效的。
It is rather costly to install the machinery,but　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the long run.
5.如果不下雨,我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
Without rain,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
B级能力素养提升练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The next time you have cheese loudly,remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk,and many diseases are caused by bacteria.
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology.In his lifetime,he not only proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases,but also discovered the process of vaccination(接种疫苗),which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera(霍乱) during his experiments,he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens.Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die.This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died.He realized soon that the cholera had become weak.By the time he tried again,the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore.He realized that a weak cholera helped,and his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later,Pasteur went on to try this on cows,pigs and dogs.All his research helped him develop different vaccines.We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body.Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria.Now,when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger,it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology,chemistry,and medicine.He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases.It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries.For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease,we have Louis Pasteur to thank.
1.What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A.His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B.He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
C.His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
D.He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
2.What can we learn from his experiment with chickens
A.Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B.Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose.
C.All chickens suffered from cholera died at last.
D.The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures.
3.What is the function of the process of vaccination
A.It builds up people’s body.
B.Without it,people will die.
C.It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.
D.It can kill all the diseases and make the sick healthy.
4.What is the purpose of the article
A.To show the discoveries of the vaccination.
B.To call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur.
C.To introduce an important invention in microbiology.
D.To honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
B
As Paralympic athletes(残奥会运动员) have been setting new records on Earth,more than 30 people from the UK have become members of a project,which aims to show how people with disabilities can become astronauts.
The Parastronaut Project is looking for people who are suitable to fly into space but haven’t had a chance because of physical disabilities.The project wants to develop something that can make it easier for people with disabilities to travel into space.“If there is one thing we have learned by working on International Space Station,it is that there is great value in diversity,” said a recent report.“We can benefit from their exceptional experience and their ability to adapt to special environments.”
The project worked with the International Paralympic Committee to understand the different types of challenges that people may face.Then it developed a “traffic light” system to determine what types of disabilities are safe for space travel,which ones aren’t,and which ones could be made safe for space travel with certain changes.
Dr.Irene said,“There are some disabilities that could be beneficial for space travel.” For example,people under 1.3 meters tall were chosen because being taller can be a disadvantage in a narrow spacecraft.
5.What does the underlined word “exceptional” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Similar. B.Boring.
C.Extraordinary. D.Tough.
6.What is the purpose of the “traffic light” system
A.To provide tools for difficult environments.
B.To highlight the importance of traffic safety.
C.To offer instructions when people travel into space.
D.To identify what types of disabilities are safe for space travel.
7.What is Dr.Irene’s attitude towards some disabilities for space travel
A.Doubtful. B.Concerned.
C.Positive. D.Curious.
8.In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Science.
C.Education. D.Health.
Ⅴ.七选五
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.　1　While others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths(谬见):
I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family.
Wrong! While we can’t change the body type we are born with,we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families.　2　
　3　
Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring.
Wrong!　4　 The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain,no gain.
Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something’s wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injuries.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.　5　
A.I am fat because I burn calories slowly.
B.And the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
C.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older.
D.Anything will be interesting if you do the same kind of exercise.
E.If they don’t,rest and seek medical advice.
F.Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.
G.And the only reason is that their parents are fat.
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2024辽宁实验中学高一下期末)
Xu Xiake was known in China as a great explorer,geographer and travel writer.Born in 1587,he loved reading books about geography and nature,and from an early age 1.　　　　　　(wish) to see the natural wonders of the country.
Xu started to travel at 2.　　　　　　 age of 22,with the encouragement of his mother.As well as exploring famous mountains and rivers,he went to places that had never been visited before.His first visits lasted only a few months,so that he could return home 3.　　　　　　(regular).But by 1639,about two years before his death,Xu had traveled for years,covering almost half of modern China.
Unlike most travelers these days,Xu traveled the hard way—on foot.He showed great courage during his 4.　　　　　　(journey).He often went 5.　　　　　　 food for days,and suffered bad weather,illness,dangerous animals and even robbers.Despite all these difficulties,his 6.　　　　　　(curious) about the natural world kept him going.
Xu wrote about his discoveries in his travel diaries,7.　　　　　　 are the earliest records of landscapes in Southern China.Xu’s own experiences enabled him 8.　　　　　　(correct) several mistakes in earlier books.One of his most important discoveries was 9.　　　　　　 the Jinsha River was the true source of the Yangtze River.At more than 600,000 words,Xu’s diaries are regarded as one of the greatest works in both scientific and literary fields.Translated into modern Chinese,it is amazing to hear the voice of Xu Xiake 10.　　　　　　(speak) to us across the centuries about his adventures.
UNIT 4　
分层跟踪检测(一)Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.1.herbal　2.survival　3.limited　4.sufficiently　5.containers 　6.wisdom　7.beneficial　8.that　9.illustration 10.had graduated
Ⅱ.1.in short supply　2.refer to　3.speed up　4.make contributions to　5.pay off　6.draw on　7.through trial and error　8.give up
Ⅲ.1.should refer to　2.It’s a conflict that　3.With their ability to see ahead　4.it will pay off　5.should have had a pleasant journey
Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了法国微生物学家Louis Pasteur发现了疫苗接种,拯救了亿万人类的生命。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Louis Pasteur发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选D项。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍乱的鸡时,他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾病,但没有死亡。这很奇怪,因为之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重了。当他再次尝试时,他之前治愈的鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助,他的鸡产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体。由此可推断,有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死,因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了,故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。故选D项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体,使人体产生了对抗细菌的抗体,增强了应对感染的免疫力。疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们避免疾病的能力。故选C项。
4.D　推理判断题。本文介绍了微生物学家Louis Pasteur,他发现了疫苗接种,拯救了亿万人类的生命。由此可推断,本文写作目的在于缅怀这位伟大的科学家,提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在让残疾人更容易进入太空的“残疾人宇航员项目”。
5.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The Parastronaut Project is looking for...diversity”,可知,残疾人宇航员项目的目的是要把不同身体状况的人带入太空,来增加国际空间站人员的多样性。由此可推断,exceptional与extraordinary同义,指“特殊的,特别的”。故选C项。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then it developed a ‘traffic light’ system...with certain changes.”可知,“交通灯”系统的目的是确定什么类型的残疾对太空旅行是安全的。故选D项。
7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There are some disabilities that could be beneficial for space travel.”可知,有些残疾可能对太空旅行有益。由此可推断,Dr.Irene对太空旅行中的残疾是持肯定态度的。故选C项。
8.B　推理判断题。纵观全文,主要介绍旨在让残疾人更容易进入太空的“残疾人宇航员项目”,与科技有关。故选B项。
Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,旨在澄清人们关于肥胖和运动的几个认识误区。作者告诉我们,肥胖和遗传无关,肥胖不是因为新陈代谢缓慢;运动可以是有趣的;运动不以疼痛为代价。
1.C　根据下文“While others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.”可知,C项 (有些人认为,随着年龄的增长,他们禁不住会发胖。)符合语境,故选C项。
2.B　根据上文可知虽然我们不能改变天生的体型,但我们不能责怪基因让我们变胖。有大量证据表明,肥胖在家庭中普遍存在,文中列举了那些认为家族基因遗传是自己肥胖原因的人,B项 (主要原因是他们有着相同的习惯,吃得太多,锻炼得太少。)能够起到总结说明的作用,指出其实肥胖的主要原因是吃得很多、运动很少的家庭饮食习惯。故选B项。
3.A　根据下文“Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism.”可知,这一段主要讲新陈代谢的速度对肥胖的影响,同时本段内容与A项 (我胖是因为我燃烧卡路里的速度缓慢。)相对应。故选A项。
4.F　根据小标题Exercise is boring.(运动很无聊。)与F项 (如果一件事你重复地做,任何事都会无聊。)相呼应。故选F项。
5.E　根据上文中的“the aches should disappear relatively quickly”可推断,本空应该是假设另一种情况:如果疼痛没有消失,你就需要休息和寻求医学帮助。E项 (如果没有,请休息并就医。)符合语境。故选E项。
Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徐霞客作为一位伟大的中国探险家、地理学家和旅行作家的生平和成就。
1.wished　考查动词时态。根据“loved”可知,句子讲述过去的事情,谓语动词使用一般过去时,故填wished。
2.the　考查冠词。固定短语“at the age of ”意为“在……岁”,故填the。
3.regularly　考查副词。用副词作状语修饰动词return,regularly意为“定期地”,故填regularly。
4.journeys　考查名词的数。此处应填名词作宾语,journey是可数名词,前面没有表示单数意义的限定词,则它需要变复数,表示泛指,故填journeys。
5.without　考查介词。固定短语“go without”意为“没有……而忍受过去”,故填without。
6.curiosity　考查名词。此处使用名词作主语,需要的词义为“好奇心”,即curiosity,为不可数名词,故填curiosity。
7.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,discoveries是先行词,它在从句中作主语,指物,因此使用which引导定语从句,故填which。
8.to correct　考查动词不定式。固定短语“enable sb.to do sth.”意为“使某人能够做某事”,故填to correct。
9.that　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导表语从句,从句在语义和成分上均完整,因此使用无任何意义只起引导作用的that引导表语从句,故填that。
10.speaking　考查动词-ing形式。分析句子结构可知,speak作为非谓语动词使用,Xu Xiake与speak之间为主动关系,应使用动词-ing形式,故填speaking。
7