UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ
夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given (give) financial support to roll it out countrywide.
2.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached (reach) so far by the two sides.
3.Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have been set (set) up in the past ten years.
4.This is one of the farthest places that have been explored (explore) so far in that country.
5.In recent years，much progress has been made (make) as a result of his efforts.
6.The government has proved that most of the buildings have been destroyed (destroy)，leaving many people injured.
7.Since the earthquake happened，many soldiers have been sent (send) there，and many kinds of supplies(物资) have been carried (carry) there from all over the country.
8.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided (decide) yet.
9.Measures have been taken (take) to cope with these problems by the government up to now.
10.Many chances have been given (give) to them to practise what they have learned in class by their teacher.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.随着越来越多的孩子参加这项活动，许多家庭问题得到了解决。
With more and more children taking part in this activity, many family problems have been solved .
2.我已经被保送到我梦想的大学学习物理。
I have been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university.
3.到目前为止，会上讨论了五个问题。
So far, five questions have been discussed at the meeting.
4.在过去的几个月里，很多人参观了我们学校。
Our school has been visited by a lot of people in the last / past few months.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2024·青岛高一检测)
Whom should you marry Where should you live How should you spend your time For centuries, people have relied on their sixth sense to find out answers to these life-changing questions.However, now as amounts of information about all aspects of human behaviour have become more and more accessible, we can use these big data(数据) to help decide on the best choice.
Consider this question：what makes people happy Data have showed the activities that provide far more enjoyment than most of us would have guessed, such as exercising, going to a museum and gardening.Then there are the things that give us less pleasure than you might imagine, such as playing video games, watching TV and surfing the Internet.Watching sports games involving your favourite team can be really dangerous to your mood, it turns out.
Another way to be happier is to marry well.Here, too, data is offering us new insights.One study by 86 researchers collected information on more than 11,000 romantic couples.They used machine learning models to understand what predicts romantic satisfaction.They found many highly desired features(特征), such as a partner's attractiveness and height, have just about no relation with long-term happiness.Instead, psychological(心理上的) qualities, such as having a so-called “growth mindset”， were likely to play a bigger part in developing romantic satisfaction.
These are the early days of the data revolution(革命) in personal decision-making.I am not saying that we can completely outsource our lifestyle choices to algorithms(算法), though we might get to that point in the future.I am saying instead that we can all greatly improve our decision-making by referring to evidence from thousands or millions of people who faced difficulties similar to ours.And we can do that now.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。随着关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取，我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助我们做出最佳选择。
1.Why does the author come up with several questions in Paragraph 1？ B
A．To throw doubt on people's sixth sense.
B．To introduce a new way to make choices.
C．To guide readers to think over their past life.
D．To compare some confusions of common people.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“几个世纪以来，人们一直依靠自己的第六感来寻找这些改变生活的问题的答案。然而，随着关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取，我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助我们做出最佳选择。”可知，作者在第一段提出了几个问题是为了引入一种新的选择方式。故选B。
2.What activities will bring people more fun according to the data？ D
A．Exercising and watching sports games.
B．Playing video games and gardening.
C．Surfing the Internet and watching TV.
D．Going to the museum and doing sports.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“数据显示，锻炼、参观博物馆和园艺等活动带来的乐趣远比我们大多数人想象的要多。”可知，根据数据，去博物馆和锻炼会给人们带来更多的乐趣。故选D。
3.What can we learn from the information on 11,000 romantic couples？ D
A．A partner's appearance is the key to romantic satisfaction.
B．Taller males have more chances to have a happier life.
C．Features to keep romantic satisfaction are still unknown.
D．Psychological qualities matter more in long-term happiness.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后两句“他们发现，伴侣的魅力和身高等许多令人非常渴望的特征与长期的幸福感几乎没有关系。相反，心理素质，比如拥有所谓的‘成长型心态’，可能在培养浪漫满意度方面发挥更大的作用。”可推知，从1.1万对情侣的信息中我们能了解到心理素质在长期幸福中更重要。故选D。
4.What is the author's attitude to big data in personal decision-making？ B
A．Opposed. B．Supportive.
C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I am saying instead that we can all greatly improve our decision-making by referring to evidence from thousands or millions of people who faced difficulties similar to ours.” 可知，通过参考成千上万和我们面临类似困难的人的证据，我们都可以极大地改善我们的决策。由此可推知，作者对个人决策中的大数据持支持态度。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2024·长春高一检测)
How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US.
1.F But jungles(丛林) contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(航行)．“ 2.A If we tell our kids they can't have access to the Internet, we're cutting them off from their future，” said an expert.
Most kids have started to use search engines.Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. 3.C A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe.But this can't be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. 4.E
A few other tips：
5.G That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.
Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.
Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.
Tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.
A．Kids have to be on-line.
B．Most kids are taught to use search engines.
C．There are search engines designed just for kids.
D．The best way is to limit the time your children spent online.
E．Another way is that Mum or Dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.
F．For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children.
G．Don't put the PC in a child's room but keep it in an area where Mum or Dad can keep an eye on things.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。对于怎样让孩子安全健康地上网作者给出了一些建议。
解析：
1．根据下文“But jungles(丛林) contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(航行)．(但丛林中除了包含着危险外，也包含着奇迹，只要有好的向导、一些教育和一些预防措施，就可以安全地在互联网的荒野中穿行。)”可知，互联网的丛林中除了有危险外也有奇迹，所以要正确引导。F选项 “对于一些父母来说，互联网就像一个丛林，对他们的孩子来说充满了危险。”把互联网比作对孩子来说充满危险的丛林，能够引出下文。其中jungle和下文jungles是词汇复现。故选F。
2．根据下文“If we tell our kids they can't have access to the Internet, we're cutting them off from their future(如果我们告诉我们的孩子他们不能使用互联网，我们就切断了他们与未来的联系)”可知，不能切断孩子和未来的联系，孩子上网是有必要的。A选项 “孩子们必须上网。”说明孩子上网是必要的，引出下文。故选A。
3．根据上文“Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go.(他们中的许多人都可以找到大量有趣的网站，他们也可以找到你可能不希望你的孩子去的地方。)”可知，有一些不希望儿童进入的网站。C选项 “有专门为儿童设计的搜索引擎。”能够承接上文，和上文有因果关系，因为人们不希望儿童进入某些网站，所以提醒人们有专门为儿童设计的搜索引擎。故选C。
4．根据上文“A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe.But this can't be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet.”可知，此处介绍了让孩子安全上网的一种方法——用专门的搜索引擎，进入安全网站。E选项“另一种方法是，当孩子上网时，妈妈或爸爸就在附近。”承接上文，介绍另一种让孩子安全上网的方法。故选E。
5．根据下文“That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.(那也使得互联网更像是一种家庭活动。)”可知，设空处的建议使得互联网像一种家庭活动。G选项 “不要把电脑放在孩子的房间里，而是放在爸爸妈妈能看到的地方。”建议把电脑放在父母能看到的地方，和下文有因果关系，因为把电脑放在父母能看到的地方，父母就能看着孩子上网，或一起上网，所以互联网就更像一种家庭活动。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was destroyed Have you seen films in which two trains crashed or a ship 1.B into the ocean If so, you may have wondered how these things could happen without 2.B the actors and actresses in the film.
The man who knows the 3.D is the special-effects man.He has one of the most important 4.B in the film industry.He may be ordered to 5.D a flood or make a battlefield explosion.But he may also be told to create a 6.D effect which is much less exciting, but just as important to the success of the film.
In a 7.A of one movie there was a big glass bowl filled with water in which small fish were swimming.The director of the movie 8.B the fish to stop swimming suddenly so that they seemed to stare at an actor.Then the director wanted the fish to 9.C staring and swim.But fish couldn't be ordered to do anything.It was quite a 10.C .
The special-effects man thought about the problem for a long time.The result was an idea of 11.A the fish with the harmless use of electricity.First he applied electricity to the fish bowl, causing the fish to be absolutely 12.C .Then he rapidly reduced the amount of electricity, allowing the fish to be free.Thus he got the humorous effect the 13.C wanted.
In other parts of film-making there are also special-effects men who have developed 14.B skills in creating certain kinds of effects.Jim White, who has been a special-effects man for thirty-two years, is best known for his 15.B of explosions.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是电影特效是如何做出来以达到导演的要求的。
1.A．buried B．sank
C．fell D．dropped
解析：根据常识可知，火车相撞，船下沉。故选B。
2.A．telling B．harming
C．protecting D．organizing
解析：根据without及常识可知，在拍摄这些灾难时，不会伤害演员。故选B。
3.A．news B．question
C．message D．secret
解析：根据常识可知，特效人员知道特效中的奥秘。故选D。
4.A．films B．jobs
C．factories D．companies
解析：会特效的人从事着电影行业最重要的工作之一。故选B。
5.A．prevent B．fight
C．pour D．create
解析：根据make可知，此处是创造一次洪水。故选D。
6.A．terrible B．horrible
C．funny D．special
解析：根据上文“The man who knows the 3 is the special-effects man.”可知，此处指创造特效。故选D。
7.A．scene B．step
C．stage D．room
解析：根据空后“there was a big glass bowl filled with water in which small fish were swimming”可知，这是电影中的一个场景。故选A。
8.A．ordered B．wanted
C．decided D．doubted
解析：根据下文“Then the director wanted the fish to 9 staring and swim.”可知，此处指导演想让鱼突然停止游动来创造一种效果。want sb.to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。故选B。
9.A．return B．continue
C．stop D．start
解析：根据上文“they seemed to stare at an actor”可知，此处的电影场景——鱼停下来盯着演员，然后停止凝视，开始游动。故选C。
10.A．success B．failure
C．problem D．disappointment
解析：根据上文“But fish couldn't be ordered to do anything.”及下文“The special-effects man thought about the problem for a long time.”可知，让鱼听命令这是一个难题。故选C。
11.A．controlling B．operating
C．driving D．lighting
解析：根据下文“First he applied...the fish to be free.”可知，此处指用无害的电控制鱼。故选A。
12.A．pure B．interesting
C．still D．quiet
解析：根据下文“allowing the fish to be free”可知，一开始让鱼静止。故选C。
13.A．actor B．actress
C．director D．special-effects man
解析：根据语境可知，此处是导演想要的效果。故选C。
14.A．fast B．particular
C．humorous D．careful
解析：根据空后“creating certain kinds of effects”可知，创造各种特效是需要特殊技巧的。故选B。
15.A．imagination B．work
C．repair D．design
解析：根据语境可知，因为特效这份工作，Jim White变得非常出名。故选B。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共15张PPT)
UNIT 3 THE INTERNET
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
●语法概览
●语法精讲
一、定义
现在完成时的被动语态表示：
1．过去发生的被动动作对现在的影响，强调现在的结果；
2．到现在为止一个被动的动作被做的次数。
So far，the Internet has been used by countless users and it has become a useful tool.(强调过去的动作对现在的影响，强调现在的结果)
到目前为止，互联网已经被无数的用户使用，它已经成了一个有用的工具。
The books have been read several times by Tom.(一个动作发生的次数)
这些书已经被汤姆读了好几次了。
单句语法填空
①It is said that a plan ________________(make) by them already.
②In recent years, stress ____________________(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
③This book ______________________(translate) into many languages.
has been made
has been regarded
has been translated
二、基本结构
现在完成时的被动语态的基本谓语结构如下表：
Tom has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
汤姆已被选出来参加运动会。
Tom and Jack have been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
汤姆和杰克已被选出来参加运动会。
主语是第三人称单数 has been done
主语不是第三人称单数 have been done
单句语法填空
①The dictionary is out of date：many words _________________(add) to the language since it was published.
②The greater part of the project _____________________(complete) up to now.
③Much parking space in this city _________________(save) by using small cars.
have been added
has been completed
has been saved
三、句式的变化
1．肯定句的结构是：主语＋have/has＋been done＋其他成分。
My English has been greatly improved due to my English teacher's help.
由于英语老师的帮助，我的英语得到了极大的提升。
The plan has been put forward for three times up to now.
到现在为止，这个计划已经被提出了三次。
2．否定句的结构是：主语＋have/has＋not＋been done＋其他成分。
The development of the software has not been finished.
这个软件的开发还没有完成。
Tom's novels have not been published by far.
到目前为止，汤姆的小说还没有出版。
3．一般疑问句的结构是：Have/Has＋主语＋been done＋其他成分？
Has it been announced when the plane is to take off
飞机何时起飞宣布了吗？
Have the experiments been done successfully
这些实验做得成功吗？
4．特殊疑问句的结构是：特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done＋其他成分？
How many buildings have been built in this school
这所学校建了多少栋楼？
How long has this film been shown
这部电影已放映多长时间了？
翻译句子
①你的车已经修好了。
______________________________
②一些软件还没有开发出来。
____________________________________________
③你的头发有多长时间没理了？
_______________________________________
Your car has been repaired.
Some software has not been developed yet.
How long has not your hair been cut？
四、注意事项
1．现在完成时的被动语态中常用的时间状语有：recently最近；since then从那时起；since last year自从去年以来；ever since 从那时起；by now/ so far/ up to now迄今为止；in/during/over the past/ last years在最近几年里；for a long time很长一段时间。
So far，a lot of new software has been developed and applied to the Internet.
迄今为止，很多新软件被开发出来并被应用于互联网。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已经被讨论了近两个小时了。
2．带有双宾语的动词，如give，bring，show，tell，buy，lend等，在被动语态下，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The teacher has given Jobs three pieces of advice recently.
→Jobs has been given three pieces of advice by the teacher recently.(Jobs是间接宾语)
→Three pieces of advice have been given to Jobs by the teacher recently.(Three pieces of advice是直接宾语，所以间接宾语Jobs前添加了介词to)
最近，老师给了Jobs三条建议。
3．动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
The baby has been taken good care of by the nurse.(of不能省略)
这个婴儿已经被护士照顾得很好了。
The traditional skill of making the paper by hand has been passed down for hundreds of years.(down不能省略)
手工制作纸张的传统技艺已经被传承了数百年。
4．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.(说明动作发生于过去)
去年这家公园向公众开放。
The park has been opened to the public.(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
这家公园已经向公众开放。
单句语法填空
①The robots _______________(use) to help humans do some dangerous work since the late 1990s.
②The house _____________(wash) away by the flood yesterday.
③My pet dog ________________(look) after by my grandma in the past three years and I can only see it during my summer and winter vacations.
④He _______________(give) a chance to work abroad recently by the company.
⑤A chance to work abroad ________________(give) to him recently by the company.
have been used
was washed
has been looked
has been given
has been given
