UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ
夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill，our city looks beautiful.
2.Tony is really amusing and always tells jokes when he thinks we're getting bored (bore)．
3.If accepted (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
4. Discussed (discuss) many times, the plan was carried out at last.
5.He stood there silently, moved (move) to tears.
6. Encouraged (encourage) by the progress he has made, he works harder.
7.I was astonished (astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found.
8. Attracted (attract) by the beautiful sight, I couldn't wait to go outside with my camera.
9. Based (base) on what you know about me, please give me some personal suggestions.
10.Professor Wang will give us a lecture about the history of Chinese tea, followed (follow) by a performance of Chinese tea show.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.由于我们挤进了人群，我和我的朋友们被分开了。
As we joined the big crowd, I got separated from my friends .
2.位于城市东部，这座主题公园是一个度假胜地。
Located in the east of the city , the theme park is a getaway.
3.我们的老师走进教室，后面跟着一名新学生。
Our teacher came in the classroom, followed by a new student .
4.由于对世界大学生运动会感兴趣，我写信申请做一名运动会志愿者。
Interested in the World University Games, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer in the games.
5.按照计划，越野跑比赛于上周五举行。
As scheduled , the cross-country running race was held last Friday.
6.电影中感人的场景给我留下了深刻的印象，我决定再看一遍。
Impressed by the moving scenes in the movie, I decided to watch it again.
7.他全神贯注地思考，结果撞上了一个过路人。
He was so absorbed in thought that he ran against a passer-by.
8.由于对他所做的事情很满意，老师在班上表扬了他。
Satisfied with what he did , the teacher praised him in class.
9.被美丽的风景吸引，他忘了早点回家。
Attracted by the beautiful landscapes , he forgot to return home early.
10.此活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
This activity is aimed at improving/is intended to improve/is designed to improve the students' ability of listening and speaking.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology took a closer look at music in sports, specifically how listening to music could affect one's overall performance.
Researchers asked 150 volunteers to throw a ball into a basket.For the first stage of the study, participants threw the ball from a fixed point.They threw the ball while listening to music of their choice, while not listening to music, or while listening to music that the researchers selected.For the second stage, they were able to choose where to stand when throwing the ball and performed the same activity with the various music choices.
The study found that listening to music, whether it was music of the volunteer's choice or a song chosen for them, did not make the participants more or less likely to get the ball in the basket.It had no effect.What it did do was increase self-esteem(自尊) and make the study participants more likely to take risks, especially for males who were allowed to choose their own music.
The results suggest that music may pump you up.And it may even help you work out harder and longer than you would without it.But no matter what song you listen to, it's not going to help you get that ball into the basket.
Another study took a detailed look at how music pace might affect exercise.Researchers found that listening to high-pace music makes people feel like they're working less while also benefiting their bodies more.
Listening to high-pace music while exercising resulted in the higher heart rate compared with not listening to music.This means that the exercise seemed like less effort, but it was more beneficial(有益的) in terms of enhancing physical fitness.
The study found that the beneficial effects of high-pace music were greatest for people who were walking or running and were felt the least for those who were doing high-intensity(高强度) exercise such as weightlifting.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。发表在《心理学前沿》杂志上的一项研究对运动中的音乐进行了更深入的研究，特别是听音乐如何影响一个人的整体表现。
1.What were volunteers allowed to do while shooting in the second stage test？ A
A．Choose position and music.
B．Shoot from a fixed point.
C．Shoot with fixed music.
D．Shoot with no music.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“For the second stage, they were able to choose where to stand when throwing the ball and performed the same activity with the various music choices.(在第二阶段中，他们可以选择在投球时站在哪里，并在不同的音乐选择下进行相同的活动。)”可知，在第二阶段的测试中，志愿者们在投球时被允许选择位置和音乐。故选A。
2.Which is more encouraging in throwing a ball test？ B
A．Music given by experts.
B．Music chosen by males.
C．Peaceful music.
D．Loud music.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“What it did do was increase self-esteem(自尊) and make the study participants more likely to take risks, especially for males who were allowed to choose their own music.(它确实做到的是增强了参与者的自尊，让他们更有可能冒险，尤其是那些被允许自己选择音乐的男性。)”可知，在投球测试中，男性选择的音乐更令人鼓舞。故选B。
3.What can we know about high-pace music from Paragraph 6？ C
A．It has no effect on sports.
B．It improves your athletic skills.
C．It helps easily achieve better workout.
D．It is beneficial for all forms of exercise.
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段可知，运动时听节奏快的音乐比不听音乐时心率高，这意味着运动看起来不那么费力，但就加强身体素质而言，快节奏音乐更有益。由此可推知，快节奏音乐有助于获得更好的锻炼。故选C。
4.What does the underlined word “enhancing” in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ D
A．Reducing. B.Balancing.
C．Changing. D.Strengthening.
解析：词义猜测题。结合句意可知，就加强身体素质而言，快节奏音乐更有益。此处指有利于加强身体素质，strengthening“加强”与画线词意思一致。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五
A．Music can make you happy every day.
B．Music strengthens learning and memory.
C．Music raises IQ and academic performance.
D．Meditative sounds and classical music lifted people up.
E．It's never too late to play an instrument to keep you on top of your game.
F．Musical training can help raise our IQs and even keep us sharp in old age.
G．To help them achieve academic excellence, encourage them to sing or play an instrument.
(2024·广州高一检测)
Recent research shows that listening to music improves our mental well-being and boosts our physical health in surprising and astonishing ways. 1.F Here are some amazing scientifically-proven benefits of being hooked on music.
Music reduces depression
More than 350 million people suffer from depression around the world.A study by Hans Joachim Trappe in Germany demonstrated(证明) that music can benefit patients with depressive symptoms(症状), depending on the type of music. 2.D But techno and heavy metal brought people down even more.The next time you feel low, put on some classical or meditative(冥想的) music to lift your spirits.
3.C
Research shows that taking music lessons predicts higher academic performance and IQ in young children.In one study, 6-year-olds who took keyboard or singing lessons in small groups for 36 weeks had significantly larger increases in IQ and standardized educational test results than children who took either drama lessons or no lessons. 4.G
Music keeps your brain healthy in old age
A study with healthy older adults found that those with ten or more years of musical experience scored higher on cognitive tests than musicians with one to nine years of musical study.The non-musicians scored the lowest.Business magnate Warren Buffett stays sharp at age 84 by playing ukulele. 5.E
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐对人们身心健康的好处。
解析：
1．第一段是主题段，指出了音乐的好处，后面各段是对第一段进行展开，具体指出音乐的好处，F选项“Musical training can help raise our IQs and even keep us sharp in old age.(音乐训练有助于提高我们的智商，甚至可以让我们在老年时保持敏锐。)”承接上文，具体指出音乐的其他好处，符合文意。故选F。
2．根据上句可知，研究表明，根据音乐的类型，可以给患有抑郁症的病人带来不同程度的好处。再结合下句可知，此处指出高科技舞曲和重金属(音乐)使人们感觉甚至更低落。D选项“Meditative sounds and classical music lifted people up.(冥想的声音和古典音乐可以使人更快乐。)”承接上文，同时和下文构成转折关系。故选D。
3．本题是段落小标题，考查本段的段落大意。根据此段第一句可知，本段介绍了音乐有助于提高学生的学术成绩和智商，C选项“Music raises IQ and academic performance.(音乐提高智商和学术成绩。)”符合语境。故选C。
4．上文主要讲述了音乐对智商和学习的影响。可以推断出空处应该是得出结论，既然音乐如此重要，所以为了帮助孩子们取得好成绩要鼓励他们演奏音乐。G选项“To help them achieve academic excellence, encourage them to sing or play an instrument.(为了帮助他们实现卓越的学术成就，鼓励他们唱歌或演奏一种乐器。)”符合语境。故选G。
5．根据此段小标题“音乐让你的大脑在老年保持健康”和上文举例子说明年龄不是问题，E选项“It's never too late to play an instrument to keep you on top of your game.(演奏乐器永远都不会太晚，这样才能让你保持最佳状态。)”符合语境，承接上文。故选E。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2023·泸州高一检测)
Lee Hee-Ah was born in 1985 in Seoul, the Republic of Korea.She has no bones in her left thumb.However, as a pianist, she is inspiring 1.A around the world.What does not stop is her 2.B will.
Hee-Ah began learning to 3.D the piano when she was 6 years old.She could not 4.B hold a pencil, but her mother thought the lessons might 5.C her hands.The girl did more than strengthen her hands.She became a concert 6.B traveling in many countries.
Changed foot pedals(踏板)are part of her luggage.When she plays to sold-out concert halls, she includes 7.A by Beethoven, Chopin and others in her classical programs.At a 2010 concert in New Zealand, she 8.C Canada was her favourite country for touring, 9.D by New Zealand.She did not say what she 10.C about Canada, but in New Zealand it was the respect to the people with disabilities.
The 11.D performer does more than share her 12.A for music.She shares her love for life.Her body may be incomplete, but her spirit is 13.B .She is full of belief in her own abilities and is a(n) 14.C for anyone trying to climb over or 15.D their own difficulties.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个韩国首尔的残疾钢琴家的经历。
1.A.hope B.balance
C．honor D.help
解析：作为一名钢琴家，她给全世界带来了希望。 hope希望；balance平衡；honor荣誉；help帮助。故选A。
2.A.weak B.strong
C．strange D.average
解析：她坚强的意志没有停止。 weak弱的；strong强的；strange奇怪的；average普通的，平均的。故选B。
3.A.sell B.make
C．fix D.play
解析：Hee-Ah从六岁开始学习弹钢琴。play the piano表示“弹钢琴”。故选D。
4.A.ever B.even
C．just D.yet
解析：根据上文“She has no bones in her left thumb.”可知，她甚至不能握住一支铅笔。故选B。
5.A.recover B.surround
C．strengthen D.protect
解析：她甚至连一支铅笔都拿不住，但她母亲认为这些课程可能会增强她的双手。 recover恢复；surround包围，围绕；strengthen增强；protect保护。故选C。
6.A.singer B.pianist
C．visitor D.conductor
解析：根据上文“However, as a pianist, she is inspiring 1 around the world.”可知，她成了一名钢琴家。 singer歌手；pianist钢琴家；visitor访客；conductor指挥。故选B。
7.A.works B.paintings
C．skills D.words
解析：当她在门票售罄的音乐厅演奏时，她的古典音乐节目中包括贝多芬、肖邦和其他人的作品。 works作品；paintings绘画；skills技巧；words字，词。故选A。
8.A.demanded B.forgot
C．said D.planned
解析：在2010年新西兰的一场音乐会上，她说加拿大是她巡回演出最喜欢的国家，其次是新西兰。 demand要求；forget忘记；say说；plan计划。故选C。
9.A.won B.carried
C．taken D.followed
解析：根据上文“she 8 Canada was her favourite country for touring”可推测此处表示接下来是新西兰。 win赢得，获胜；carry携带；take带走；follow跟随。故选D。
10.A.worried B.cared
C．liked D.bought
解析：她没有说关于加拿大她喜欢什么，但在新西兰，是因为对残疾人的尊重。 worry担心；care关心；like喜欢；buy购买。故选C。
11.A.rude B.beautiful
C．former D.talented
解析：她身体有残疾，但是依然能成为鼓舞全世界的钢琴家，所以她是有天赋的。 rude粗鲁的；beautiful美丽的；former以前的；talented有天赋的。故选D。
12.A.love B.gift
C．challenge D.dream
解析：这位有天赋的表演者不仅仅是分享她对音乐的热爱。love 热爱；gift天赋，礼物；challenge挑战；dream梦想。故选A。
13.A.plain B.complete
C．concerned D.nervous
解析：她的身体可能不完整，但她的精神是完整的。 plain普通的；complete完整的；concerned关心的；nervous紧张的。故选B。
14.A.failure B.adventure
C．example D.pride
解析：她对自己的能力充满信心，是任何希望跨越或者消除障碍的人的榜样。 failure失败；adventure冒险；example榜样；pride骄傲。故选C。
15.A.look inside B.pull into
C．search for D.tear down
解析：她是任何希望跨越或者消除障碍的人的榜样。 look inside看里面；pull into驶入；search for搜索；tear down拆除。故选D。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共18张PPT)
UNIT 5 MUSIC
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
●语法概览
●语法精讲
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词在句子中作表语时，表示主语所处的状态或感受，常用于系动词be后，还可以用于其他系动词如get，become，grow，remain，sound，turn等后面。
Jennifer now is married and has two children of her own.
詹尼弗现在结婚了，并且有了两个孩子。(表示主语的状态)
She felt very satisfied with her final-term examination result.
她对自己的期末考试成绩感到很满意。(表示主语的感受)
(1)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。
The window is broken.
窗户是坏的。(过去分词作表语，表示状态)
The window was broken by my brother.
窗户是被我弟弟打破的。(被动语态，表示动作的承受者)
(2)过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语，表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；而现在分词作表语，则表示事物所具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他们非常担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.
形势变得如此令人担忧，必须马上采取措施。
(3)有些过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled等。
I'm delighted to know that you passed the driving test.
得知你通过了驾驶考试，我很高兴。
We were all interested in reading novels in English.
我们都对阅读英语小说感兴趣。
单句语法填空
①After watching the live performance of the choir, he was too ________
(excite) to sleep.
②The audience were ________(move) by the player's excellent performance.
③Tom was more _______________(surprise) than _________________
(disappoint) at this news.
excited
moved
surprised
disappointed
二、过去分词作状语
1．过去分词在句子中作状语时，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动作发生时的背景或状况，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果等，其逻辑主语通常为句子的主语，且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、伴随和结果时，可转化为并列分句。
(1)时间状语。
Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.
(相当于When he was told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.)
李雷得知母亲生了病时，马上赶回了家。
(2)原因状语。
Moved by the story, he decided to study harder.
(相当于Because he was moved by the story, he decided to study harder.)
由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努力学习。
(3)条件状语。
Given enough time and proper guidance, the boy is sure to make achievements in music.
(相当于If he is given enough time and proper guidance, the boy is sure to make achievements in music.)
如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导，这个男孩在音乐方面一定会有所成就。
(4)让步状语。
Published many times, the book still sells well in the market.
(相当于Although the book has been published many times, it still sells well in the market.)
尽管这本书已出版好多次了，但在市场上仍然畅销。
(5)方式状语。
The teacher came in, followed by some students.
(相当于The teacher came in and he/she was followed by some students.)
老师进来了，后面跟着一些学生。
(6)伴随状语。
She accepted the gift, deeply moved.
(相当于She accepted the gift and she was deeply moved.)
她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。
(7)结果状语。
The cup fell down to the ground, broken.
(相当于The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.)
茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。
①过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as if, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。
When accompanied by their parents, children are allowed to enter the stadium.
儿童在父母陪同下可以进入体育场。
②过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。
Seen from a distance, the peak looked like an eagle whose wings were spread, its sharp beak pointing skyward.(seen的逻辑主语为the peak)
从远处看，山峰就像一只鹰，展开双翅，利嘴直指天空。
③有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有：satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed等。
Satisfied, Mom nodded at Emma, with a joy bubbling from her heart.
妈妈满意地向艾玛点头，心中充满了喜悦。
2．过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。
Following the old man, we went upstairs.
＝We followed the old man, and we went upstairs.
跟着那个老人， 我们上了楼。
Followed by the old man, we went upstairs.
＝We were followed by the old man, and we went upstairs.
我们上了楼， 后面跟着那个老人。
单句语法填空
①Greatly _____________(interest) in your summer club, I'm writing to inquire about the program.
②________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
③________(face) with this situation, they felt both joyful and fearful.
interested
Asked
Faced
