Unit 6 When was it invented？（大单元教材分析）教学课件-人教新目标九年级英语全册.

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（人教新目标）九年级英语
全
大单元教材分析
When was it invented
Unit 6
A
一、2022新课标要求
二、单元主题分析
三、单元目标分析
四、单元学情分析
B
C
D
CONCENTS
目 录
E
F
五、单元内容及课时分析
G
七、单元考情分析及中考链接
六、单元课例分析及教学思路
《义务教育英语课程标准》(2022年版)指出:基础教育阶段英语课程应全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人的根本任务。应发挥核心素养的统领作用，以主题为引领选择和组织课程内容，践行学思结合、用创为本的英语学习活动观，注重“教-学-评”一体化设计，引导学生在英语课程的学习中发展语言能力、培育文化意识、提升思维品质和学习能力。
一、2022英语新课标
基于此，《义务教育英语课程标准》(2022年版)提出要推动实施单元整体教学。
教师要构建由单元教学目标、语篇教学目标和课时教学目标组成的目标体系，使学生逐步构建起对单元主题的完整认知，促进正确态度和价值观的形成。
教师要以单元教学目标为统领，组织各语篇教学内容，规划系列教学活动，实施单元持续性评价，引导学生在学习过程中逐步建构对单元主题的认知，发展能力，形成素养。
二、单元主题分析
A
B
C
D
E
本单元人教版九年级全册第6单元，标题为：When was it invented 话题为：Inventions，语言功能是“谈论发明物的历史”，语法是“一般过去时的被动语态”。
本单元的主题是“人与社会“下的”科学与技术“，归属于”历史“和”人类发明与创新“这两个子主题内容。
本单元以听力、阅读共6个多模态语篇阐述主题。整个单元依托语篇，旨在通过谈论生活中常见物品的发明历史，增长学生关于科学发明的历史知识、引起学生对科学发明探索的兴趣。
话题 主题 范畴 主题群 子主题内容 主题 主题意义
When was it invented 人与社会 科学与技术 历史、人类发明与创新 了解常见发明物的历史，增加对科学探索的兴趣
通过谈论生活中常见物品的发明历史，增长学生关于科学发明的历史知识、引起学生对科学发明探索的兴趣。
二、单元整体教学设计
三、单元目标分析
语言能力 语言能力：掌握谈论发明物品名称、发明者、用途、年份/时间和数字的表达；能正确使用一般过去时的被动语态；能读懂介绍中外发明的材料；能掌握说明文的文体特征和语言特点。
语言技能：在听力中捕捉有关物品的发明时间、发明者、发明过程和用途等关键信息；能够以思维导图的形式梳理和整合书面语篇的主要信息，并以口头或书面的形式介绍一项发明。
文化意识 1. 了解我国茶的发明和传播的简要历史
2. 了解篮球的发明及其发展的简要历史
思维品质 能够通过听力活动总结出如何介绍一个发明物。能够分析本单元两篇阅读文本的结构和文本中的各种信息，并根据获取的信息以思维导图的形式归纳茶的发明及传播史和篮球的历史。
学习能力 能主动利用图书馆、网络等其他资源进行拓展学习，初步具备自主学习、合作学习、探究学习的能力，养成良好的学习习惯。
学科核心素养与课标分析：
本单元通过创设真实的情境，谈论生活中常见物品的发明历史，增长学生关于科学发明的历史知识、引起学生对科学发明探索的兴趣，激发学生对英语学习的兴趣，学习正确使用一般过去时的被动语态，谈论过去发明物，发表自己的观点和看法，了解历史、增长见识，明白科技改变生活。其中，语法知识“一般过去时的被动语态”的学习贯穿于各个语篇，为语篇的构成和意义的表达提供语言要素。
二、单元整体教学设计
A
B
C
D
E
进入九年级的学生，有了一定的英语基础和语言学习能力，语言感知能力较强，这是英语学习的优势。但同时，易出现分化现象，故需鼓励和激发，并辅以灵活多样的教学设计和丰富多样的活动设计，鼓励学生深入语言实践，渗透学法指导并引导学生逐步养成良好的学习习惯。在上一个单元中，他们也已学习运用过一般现在时的被动语态，因此对于本单元的目标语言并不陌生；另外，对于谈论科技发明，学生兴趣浓厚，因为素材来源于个人生活，故学生表达欲望较强，通过有效的情境创设和问题引导，学生能积极主动参与各种语言实践活动。
四、单元学情分析
二、单元整体教学设计
本单元内容围绕The history of inventions这一主题展开，涉及六个语篇，包括四组对话和两篇说明性短文,划分为六个课时。
五、单元内容及课时分析
[What]
Alice好奇奶奶小时候是否有现代发明，奶奶告诉Alice，她小时候有电话、电视和汽车，并介绍了他们的发明时间。
[Why]
这篇听力材料旨在引起学生了解生活中常用物品发明历史的兴趣。
[How]
这段对话以一般过去时介绍了一些生活常用物品的发明时间，如：电话——1876年，汽车——1885年，电视——1927年，电脑——1971年。在介绍这些物品的发明时间时，对话使用了被动语态和被动语态的反意疑问句：The telephone was invented in 1876. / The TV was invented in 1927. / Cars were invented in 1885. / Personal computers were invented in 1971. / They weren’t invented yet, were they
此外，对话还反映出这些现代发明在曾经的生活中是否普及。例如，电话和汽车是普通家庭可以拥有的，但是电视普通家庭还负担不起，因为They were expensive in those days. 通过这一点，学生可以了解当时西方社会的经济水平和人们的生活水平。
单元语篇内容分析
[What]
Alex和Carol在谈论一些有趣的发明，如：可以发光的鞋、可以加热的冰淇淋勺和带可升降鞋跟的鞋子。
[Why]
这篇听力材料旨在让学生了解发明的用途，鼓励学生开动脑筋、创造可以解决生活实际问题的发明。
[How]
首先，这段对话以一般现在时描述了发明产品的名称、功能和用途。例如，产品：shoes with lights，功能：the shoes can be used for seeing in the dark，用途：prevent someone hit toes against something on the way to the bathroom at night.
其次，对话中提到的发明都紧扣interesting inventions这个主题，富有趣味且能解决生活中的实际问题，如：发热冰淇淋勺可以用来挖被冻得特别硬的冰淇淋、可升降鞋跟的鞋子可以适应各种场合的穿着。
最后，对话中呈现了询问产品用途的句型：What are they / is it used for They are / It is used for ...
[What]
Paul要做一个题为“改变世界的小发明”的项目，Roy推荐他讲“拉链”并简要介绍了拉链的发明史。
[Why]
本语篇旨在鼓励学生了解生活中的小发明的历史，并且知道应该如何介绍一项发明。
[How]
这段对话展示了如何介绍一项发明。对话以拉链为例，呈现了介绍一项发明的四个方面：发明者、被发明的时间、何时被广泛应用、为什么是伟大的发明。
Invention: Zipper
Inventor: Whitcomb Judson
Time of invention: 1893
Became popular: 1917
Why was it great: it’s often used in our daily lives; we can see it almost everywhere
单元语篇内容分析
[What]
本文为阅读文本An Accidental Invention，介绍了“茶”被发明的过程、陆羽的《茶经》和中国的茶叶向外传播的简要历史。
[Why]
本文旨在让学生了解中国茶叶悠久的历史和茶文化，也让学生体会到神农氏发明茶与陆羽撰写《茶经》背后蕴含的探索精神和钻研精神。
[How]
本文的文体是说明文，标题中Accidental一词能够很好地引发读者猜测：What was invented by accident How was it invented
本文一共分为三段：第一段叙述了茶的历史(was drunk for 5,000 years ago)和神农氏发明茶的过程(was boiling drinking water on fire one day—some leaves fell into water—remained there for a long time—produced a nice smell)。
单元语篇内容分析
[How]
第二段介绍了陆羽的《茶经》。这本书主要介绍了茶叶的种植与制作（how tea plants were grown and used to make tea)、最优质的茶叶产地（where the finest tea leaves were produced）和最好的煮茶的水（what kind of water were used）。
第三段简述了茶叶向世界传播的过程：公元6-7世纪tea was brought to Korea and Japan；公元17-18世纪tea had become a national drink in England；公元19世纪tea trade from China to Western countries took place。
下面分析语篇特点对传递该文主题意义发挥的作用。
首先，语篇体裁方面，作者选择以说明文的形式真实、客观地叙述“茶”的历史，让内容的可信度更高。
其次，篇章结构方面，该语篇按时间顺序推进，从上古时期神农氏发明茶讲到唐代陆羽的《茶经》，再讲到公元6-7世纪（南北朝、隋唐）、公元17世纪（明朝）和公元19世纪（清朝）茶叶向世界的传播，时间脉络十分清晰，有助于读者系统地了解茶从发明到向世界传播的历史。
单元语篇内容分析
[How]
最后，语言特点方面，本文在写作时引用了传说（神农氏发明茶）、经典（陆羽的《茶经》）和学者的研究。为了让文章的内容显得更客观、更可信，作者频繁使用了表示引用的句型：Many people believe that ... / It is said that ... / ... mentioned ... in his book和被动语态：tea was first drunk 5,000 years ago; one of the world’s favourite drinks was invented; tea was brought to Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries, ect.
单元语篇内容分析
[What]
薯片的发明故事。
[Why]
通过学习语篇，学生能够主动了解生活中的“意外”发明，并讲述它们的发明故事。
[How]
这段对话从3个方面介绍了薯片的发明：发明人 (a cook—George Crum)、发明时间 (in 1853)、为什么是意外发明 (because of a picky customer)。
这段对话在叙述故事的时候使用了主动语态，这可以让故事更生动，也可以拉进说话人与听者之间的距离。在讲述故事的时候，说话者使用了很多连词：one day, when, so, and这些连词能使故事的逻辑更顺畅。
[What]
本文为阅读文本Do You Know When Basketball Was Invented 讲述了篮球的历史、篮球的玩法和篮球在中国的受欢迎程度。
[Why]
通过阅读让学生了解篮球的历史和受欢迎程度，同时也让学生从文章中了解篮球运动的背景、感受篮球运动的奇妙。
[How]
本文一共分为三段。第一段简述了篮球的发展史：over 100 years history; first basketball game was played on Dec. 21, 1891; became an Olympic event in 1936.
第二段介绍了篮球的发明过程 (James Naismith was asked to think of a game that could be played in winter) 和篮球的玩法 (work together to get the ball in the other team’s basket)。
单元语篇内容分析
[How]
第三段描述了篮球在中国的受欢迎程度：you can sometimes see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories; CBA games are becoming popular; there are more Chinese players in NBA and more foreign players in CBA.
下面分析语篇特点对传递该主题意义发挥的作用：
首先，从语篇的体裁来看，本文是一篇说明文，以平实的语言记录了篮球的发展史。文章中心突出，具有一定的科学性、条理性。并且，本文的标题十分直观，能直接体现出文章的内容。
其次，篇章结构方面，本文运用“并列式”结构，从篮球的历史、起源过渡到篮球的流行性，脉络清晰、便于读者理解。
最后，语言特点方面：文章的第一段较多地使用了数字 (e.g. over 100 years old; is played more than 100 million people in over 200 countries)，使得作者对篮球历史的介绍更真实、更有说服力。第二段在介绍篮球的发明过程和玩法时较多地使用了被动语态，这让描述更具有客观性。第三段较多地使用了连词：basketaball has not only ... but ...; there are also ..., ect. 体现出篮球在中国的流行度高。
单元语篇内容分析
语篇 课型 课时 课时目标 评价任务
SectionA 1a-2d 听说课 第一课时 1.学生通过开展小组合作活动，培养写作意识 2.帮助学生认识主动语态和被动语态的区别，并能正确使用一般过去时的被动语态谈论发明 通过Pair-work的形式对学习方法谈论，评价学生的对目标句型的认知：通过可视化思维工具整理重点学习方法短语，评价学生对课堂内容的理解与整合；通过听力联系，评价学生准确使用本单元功能性语言。
SectionA 3a-3c 阅读课 第二课时 阅读短文，能按要求获取信息，提高学生的阅读能力；学生能够谈论中国茶的发现及茶文化的形成、影响。 通过读课文找出描述过去的句子，评价学生对目标句型的认知；通过提取描述关于学习障碍的关键信息，并完成问题，评价学生的信息提取和整合能力：在图片和文字提示下，复述课文，评价学生对语言结构和词汇的理解
SectionA 4a-4c 语法课 第三课时 能熟练运用本单元语篇中重现的语法结构:一般过去时的被动语态。 给学生提供对应语法结构的不同类型练习题，评价学生是否掌握了该语言结构
单元课时分析
语篇 课型 课时 课时目标 评价任务
SectionB 1a-1e 听说课 第四课时 完成听说活动，了解美食的发明史；能用被动语态谈论美食的发明史。 通过问题启发式评价引导学生，评价学生对语篇主题的理解；通过个人思考和合作交流，评价学生主动参与到学习中的能力。
SectionB 2a-2e 阅读课 第五课时 通过了解篮球的发明的过程，培养学生运用思维导图记忆语篇信息的能力 通过问题启发式评价引导学生提取关键信息完成思维导图，评价学生对文本第一段的理解和信息提取能力；通过读文章，定位、获取、整合信息，评价学生对文章第二段的理解和信息整合的能力；通过对话编写和角色表演进行口头输出，并通过书面表达的形式，评价学生对句型的掌握
SectionB 3a-self check 读写课 第六课时 通过梳理说明文的写作要素:when, who, what,how，why，appearance,usage等，学生能够使用被动语态独立完成一篇介绍科技发明的说明文。 通过学生独自完成一篇介绍发明物的作文，评价学生对被动语态的掌握程度和书面表达能力
单元课时分析
六、单元课例分析及教学思路
Unit 6 Section B 3a~self check 读写课
以第六课时为例
Section B (3a~Self Check)
Unit 6
When was it invented
Learning
Objectives
1. To learn to write an article about the greatest invention in your mind.
2. To know more about great inventions and arouse the interest in inventing.
What inventions have been mentioned in this unit
computer
car
zipper
TV
telephone
basketball
tea
potato chips
What inventions have been mentioned in this unit
computer
car
zipper
TV
telephone
basketball
tea
potato chips
Why
When
Who
Shen Nong
around 5,000 years ago
by accident
What inventions have been mentioned in this unit
computer
car
zipper
TV
telephone
basketball
tea
potato chips
When
Who
How
Why
in 1853
George Crum
The customer said the fried potatoes were cut too thick and sent them back to the kitchen. George was angry.
1. Cut the potatoes really, really thin.
2. Cooked them for a long time until they were crispy.
3. Put lots of salt on them.
What inventions have been mentioned in this unit
computer
car
zipper
TV
telephone
basketball
tea
potato chips
When
Who
How
Why
for fun and exercise
over 100 years ago
James Naismith
1. Players are ________________ teams.
divided into two
2. Players on the same team must _____________
to get the ball _________________________.
in the other team’s basket
work together
3. At the same time, they need to _____ the
competing team form ________.
stop
scoring
In fact, inventions are everywhere in our life. They are
useful and helpful .
What problems do you meet in the life Can you invent something to solve
I am not able to take notes quickly in class.
It’s very hard for me to get up early.
Can you invent something new to solve those difficulties
I can’t do
homework correctly.
Problem: quickly taking notes in class
New invention: a special pen
What it is used for:
3a
Think of something that you do not like to do. Then think of an invention that could help you. Make notes.
taking notes quickly
2. Problem: ___________________________
New invention: ______________________
What it is used for: __________________
3. Problem: ___________________________
New invention: ______________________
What it is used for:
____________________________________
____________________________________
a special clock
getting up early
waking me up
doing homework
a robot
doing homework with me
It can be my favorite homework partner.
3b
Imagine you are a business person. Write a description of your new invention. Try to sell the invention to the class.
Who was it invented by
What is it made of
What is it used for
What does it look like
Where or when can it be used
How much will it cost
Try to use the following expressions:
It was invented by...
It is made of…
It is used for...
not only...but also...
It is very important / of great importance because...
In my opinion...
Try to tell us the following information:
What
Who
When
Usage
How
Price
How to describe
inventions
Why
Appearance
Material
板书
3b
This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
Write it like this:
Idea Expressions
思路点拨
简单介绍该钢笔
被发明及其特点
重点介绍该钢笔
的用途
...was invented by… is used for…
useful…
comes with… program the words…
write short form…
推荐购买
contain up to… make changes…
This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for taking notes quickly. It is very useful if you have a lot to write down. The pen comes with a microchip that can store a list of common words that you will use. You can program the words you will use often into the microchip’s memory, then assign a short form to each word. When you are writing, you just need to write the short forms with the pen, press a button on the pen and the short forms will change into the actual words. The microchip can contain up to 50 words and you can make changes to the list of words whenever you need to.
Sample writing
What invention is it
Who was it invented
What is it used for
What does it come with
How many words can the microchip contain
How does it work
What invention is it
Who was it invented
What is it used for
What does it come with
How does it work
How many words can the microchip contain
科技节要到了，学校举办主题为 “The Greatest Invention”的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇不少于80词的演讲稿。
必须包括以下要点：
1. Introduce the invention 2. What's it used for
3. Why do you like it
It’s time to write.
文章结构
审题
定体裁：说明文
定人称：介绍发明人称为第三人称，表达想法为第一人称
定时态：一般为一般现在时和一般过去时
定语态：被动语态
简单介绍这个发明。
详细说明这个发明的情况。
Beginning
Ending
Body
说出自己的想法。
短语储备
daily lives日常生活
be made of/from 由……制成
by accident 偶然；意外地
be used to/for 被用来……
at that time 在那时
without doubt 毫无疑问；的确
not only … but also … 不但…而且…
thanks to 由于；多亏
开头句：
Among all the modern inventions, I think … is the most important one.
I think … is such a great invention.
In my opinion, … is one of the greatest inventions.
中间句：
It was invented … ago.
It was made of/from …
It was used to/for …
This invention can not only … but also …
This invention made it … for sb. to do sth.
句型荟萃
句型荟萃
句型荟萃
句型荟萃
经典名句：
Labor creates the world. 劳动创造了世界。
One of the greatest human qualities is its creativity.
人类最伟大的品质之一便是其创造性。
结尾句：
Thanks to …, our lives have been greatly improved.
Without doubt I like … because …
… play(s) an important part in our daily lives.
Beginning
Body
Ending
Usage
Name ＆Time
Instruction
Price
Recommendation
It was invented… Because it…
It is used for…
First… then… It costs…
How to introduce
an invention
简构文章
Thanks to …, ours lives have been greatly improved.
There have been many great inventions that have changed …But…is the greatest invention in my mind.
Writing
确立篇章
话题引出
（Beginning）
↓
↓
↓
介绍发明
（Main Body）
↓
↓
表达想法
（Ending）
The Greatest Invention
There have been many great inventions that have changed our lives. But the light bulb is the greatest invention in my mind.
It was invented in 1854.It was invented by Thomas Edison. And it is used for seeing in the dark. It's made of glass and looks like a ball.It has brought bright to the world since it was invented. With light bulb, people can do more things than before.
I think it’s a great /useful/invention. I believe that it is a small invention that changed the world. What's more,Thomas Edison was a great inventor. I also want to be an inventor like him.
Key points Check
Good Structure 3’
Good sentences 3’
Correct grammar/spelling 5’
Good logic 2’
Tidy writing 2’
互评
Check List
润色提升
It is often difficult to decide on the inventor of certain inventions. This is because sometimes a few people may _______ things which are nearly the same. It’s hard to tell who came up with the idea first. Some inventions can also lead to other inventions _____________. So some people _______ whether the inventor came up with the idea himself or herself. They think that the inventor used someone else’s idea to create his or her invention. That is why books or _________ usually _________ more than one inventor when giving information about inventions.
invent, doubt, mention, website, all of sudden
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the
box.
invent
all of a sudden
doubt
websites
mention
Self Check
II. Rewrite these sentences using the passive voice.
1. Someone stole my watch.
_________________________________
2. They used five eggs to make this big cake.
____________________________________
3. When did they invent the personal computer
______________________________________
4. They asked us not to run in the hallway.
___________________________________________
5. Someone took the video back to the store.
___________________________________________
My watch was stolen (by someone).
When was the personal computer invented
Five eggs were used to make this big cake.
The video was taken back to the store (by someone).
We were asked not to run in the hallway (by them).
Self Check
III. Find out information about an invention you would like to know more about and write sentences below.
Invention: _________________________
When: _________________________
Who: _________________________
Purpose: _________________________
in 2013
umbrella with a light
Li Meng
seeing in the rain in the dark
Self Check
板书
七、单元考情分析及中考链接
分析日照、滨州、济宁、菏泽近5年中考真题可知，被动语态是必考点，而且考查非常频繁。
分析2018--2023这六年的日照市中考题，发现被动语态在单词拼写中考查4次，语法填空中考查2次。尤其是最近四年的中考，每年都考到被动语态。
分析滨州、济宁、菏泽近5年中考真题可知，
滨州在词汇运用中考查6次(一般现在时的被动语态2次，一般过去时的被动语态4次)；
济宁在语法填空中考查3次(一般现在时的被动语态1次，一般过去时的被动语态2次)；
菏泽在单项填空中考查4次(一般现在时的被动语态2次，一般过去时的被动语态1次，一般将来时的被动语态1次)，综合填空中考查1次(2018.67)。
中考链接
1. Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday
—Well, if I________， I will go on time.
A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited
2. Would you like to go shopping with me after lunch
—I'd love to, but I________ to go out this afternoon.
A. don't allow B. will allow C. won't be allowed
3. It is believed that tea ________ to Korea and Japan from China during 6th and 7th centuries.
A. brought　　 B. was brought　　 C. is brought
4. —I hear music and art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school(中考).
—Yes. But don't worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention_____ to them.
A. will pay B. will be paid C. is paid
5. Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic ________ each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.
A. is created B. was created C. creates
6. Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ________ to drive a car.
A. are allowed B. allowed C. will be allowed D. allow
7. There aren't any libraries in our town, are there
—No, but it is said one________ next year.
A. will be built B. is built C. will build
8.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
9.When Joy called Nick two hours later, he was deeply moved (move)
10. Whoever breaks the law will be punished (惩罚)
11. The thief was __caught___ (抓获) stealing in the supermarket.
12. Therefore, I tried to hitch a ride and I was ____50____ (help) out once again
13. Breakfast is served__ between 7 and 9 a.m. in the hotel
Thanks for listening!