2026届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案（含答案） 一门新兴科学正颠覆你的认知
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| 名称 | 2026届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案（含答案） 一门新兴科学正颠覆你的认知 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-17 08:40:40 | ||
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高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜我，为什么成为我？一门新兴科学正在颠覆你的认知
你有没有想过，到底是什么塑造了今天的你？是与生俱来的基因，还是成长过程中的环境？150年来，关于“先天”（nature）与“后天”（nurture）哪个更重要，科学界一直争论不休。如今，一门新兴学科横空出世，正在颠覆人们的传统认知。新研究发现，先天与后天并未泾渭分明，你在二者的互动中悄然生成。这是什么意思？可以带给我们怎样的启发？
A New Scientific Field Is Recasting Who We Are and How We Got That Way
By Dalton Conley
Since Francis Galton coined the phrase "nature versus nurture" 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences.
nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other.
The new field is called sociogenomics, a fusion of behavioral science and genetics.
Genes don't affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies—they work, in part, by shaping the environments we seek out or engender.
The part of this research that really blows me away is the realization that our environment is, in part, made up of the genes of the people around us. Preliminary research suggests that your spouse's genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do.
Genes alone aren't enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself.
The more opportunities and information the environment provides—the more varied environments become—the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in sorting us into different categories.
Nature and nurture aren't separate forces—they're a M bius strip, endlessly looping back on each other.
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.recast v. _______________________
2.coin 英 [k n] 美 [k n]v. _______________________
3.nature 英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r]n._______________________
4.nurture 英 [ n t ] 美 [ n r t r] n. _______________________
5.realm/field n. _______________________
6.upend v. _______________________
7.vantage n. _______________________
8.real 英 [r l] 美 [ ri l]_______________________
9.sociogenomics n._______________________
10.sociology n. _______________________
11.genomics n. _______________________
12.engender 英 [ n d end ] 美 [ n d end r] v. _______________________
13.realization 英 [ r la ze n] 美 [ ri l ze n] n. _______________________
14.suggest 英 [s d est] 美 [s d est] v._______________________
15.spouse 英 [spa s] 美 [spa s] n._______________________
16.likelihood 英 [ la klih d] 美 [ la klih d] n. _______________________
17.shape 英 [ e p] 美 [ e p] v. _______________________
18.loop 英 [lu p] 美 [lu p] v. _______________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._______________________一个新的科学领域
2._______________________将要做……，必然会……
3._______________________颠覆这场辩论，推翻现有观点
4._______________________ A与B的融合
5._______________________寻找（并找到）
6._______________________给人留下深刻印象
7._______________________由……组成
8._______________________仅有A是不够的，仅有B也不行。
9._______________________遗传变异
10._______________________把人分类
11._______________________ 被归为优秀员工
12._______________________ 被归为游手好闲的人
拓展练习阅读理解
Today, community service often feels like something you have to do, not something you want to do. Schools require it for graduation, colleges ask about it in applications, and even employers increasingly inquire about it. This trend appears uplifting, because more volunteers mean stronger nonprofits. But I’ve realized there’s a problem: 41
I’ve encountered students who talk about volunteering like it’s a competition. They declare involvement with charity organizations proudly, only to reveal astonishing gaps when questioned further. “I did 100 hours,” one might say, yet struggles to explain the missions of the organizations. 42 When did helping others become about counting hours instead of making a difference
True service isn’t measured in hours or reduced to strategic career moves. 43 Imagine helping build a wheelchair ramp (坡道) for an elderly neighbor so they can leave their house. Or teaching math to kids who can’t afford tutors because you noticed they were struggling. At its core, meaningful service demands emotional investment — the willingness to center others’ wellbeing above personal gain.
Reforming this system requires fundamentally rethinking how we evaluate commitment. Colleges and employers must shift from quantitative checkboxes to qualitative assessments. Instead of asking “How many hours did you serve ”, applications might inquire: “What social challenge moved you to act ” or “ 44 ”
45 Volunteer because it is the right thing to do as a human being. If we care more about why we help instead of how much we help, community service can become what it’s meant to be — people working together to make the world a little kinder, one small act at a time.
A.It’s definitely about caring.
B.This makes me really upset.
C.Don’t volunteer because you have to.
D.It is determined by who we offer help to.
E.How did your service meet the needs of your community
F.How many times a year did you volunteer for charity work
G.When we treat kindness like an assignment, are we really being kind
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.recast v. 重新塑造，改写；角色重塑、更换演员
2.coin 英 [k n] 美 [k n]v. 创造新词语；n. 硬币
3.nature 英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r]n.（人或动物天生的）秉性，天性
4.nurture 英 [ n t ] 美 [ n r t r] n. 教养，教育，培养
5.realm/field n. 领域
6.upend v. 颠覆（to turn something upside down）
7.vantage n. 视角，有利的地形地位
8.real 英 [r l] 美 [ ri l]
9.sociogenomics n. 社会基因组学
10.sociology n. 社会学
11.genomics n. 对基因组的研究
12.engender 英 [ n d end ] 美 [ n d end r] v. 产生，引发
13.realization 英 [ r la ze n] 美 [ ri l ze n] n. 认识，领悟
14.suggest 英 [s d est] 美 [s d est] v. 表明
15.spouse 英 [spa s] 美 [spa s] n. 配偶
16.likelihood 英 [ la klih d] 美 [ la klih d] n. 可能性
17.shape 英 [ e p] 美 [ e p] v. 塑造、影响某事的发展
18.loop 英 [lu p] 美 [lu p] v. 成环形运动
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.a new realm of science一个新的科学领域
2.be poised to将要做……，必然会……
3.upend the debate颠覆这场辩论，推翻现有观点
4.a fusion of A and B A与B的融合
5.seek out寻找（并找到）
6.blow someone away给人留下深刻印象
7.made up of由……组成
8.A is not enough, and neither is B.仅有A是不够的，仅有B也不行。
9.genetic variation遗传变异
10.sort somebody into different categories把人分类
11.be sorted into the category of a good employee 被归为优秀员工
12.be sorted into the category of an idler 被归为游手好闲的人
【全文翻译】
一门新兴学科正在重新解释我们是谁，以及我们为何变成这样
自从弗朗西斯·高尔顿（Francis Galton）在150年前提出“先天与后天”的概念以来，关于“人是如何成为人”的讨论便一直主导着人文科学领域。
Today, however, a new realm of science is poised to upend the debate. Through this new vantage,
然而如今，一个新兴科学领域有望颠覆这一争论。从这个全新的视角来看，先天和后天甚至并非是完全可区分的因素：它们相互影响，甚至在很大程度上相互塑造。
这个新领域被称为社会基因组学，是对行为科学和遗传学的融合。
基因并非孤立地在我们体内发挥作用，来决定我们将成为什么样的人。一定程度上，它们影响的是我们对环境的选择和塑造，进而决定了我们会成为谁。
这项研究令我大为震撼的地方，在于它让我意识到：我们所处的环境，有一部分是由身边人的基因构成的。初步研究表明，就患抑郁症的可能性而言，你配偶基因的影响力，几乎可以等同于你自己基因的三分之一。
无论是基因还是环境，本身而言都不足以决定个体的发展结果。先天与后天互相塑造：我们的天性影响我们如何感知环境，而环境又影响天性的表达方式。
环境提供的机会和信息越多，也就是说环境的多样性越高，遗传差异在决定我们不同的人生道路中所发挥的作用就越强。
先天与后天并非彼此独立的力量，而更像一条莫比乌斯环，首尾相接，循环往复，永无止境。
41.G 42.B 43.A 44.E 45.C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了社区服务的现状和问题，并提出了一些改进的建议。
41.根据上文“Today, community service often feels like something you have to do, not something you want to do. Schools require it for graduation, colleges ask about it in applications, and even employers increasingly inquire about it. This trend appears uplifting, because more volunteers mean stronger nonprofits.(如今，社区服务往往感觉是你必须做的事情，而不是你想做的事情。学校要求毕业时必须做，大学在申请时会问，甚至雇主也越来越多地询问。这一趋势看起来令人振奋，因为更多的志愿者意味着更强的非营利组织。)”和空前“But I’ve realized there’s a problem.(但是我意识到有一个问题。)”可知，上下文之间存在转折关系，且下文引出了问题，所以空白处应承接下文，指出问题所在。选项G“当我们把善良当作一项任务时，我们真的是在行善吗？”指出了把社区服务当作必须完成的任务这一问题，引出下文，符合语境。故选G。
42.根据上文“They declare involvement with charity organizations proudly, only to reveal astonishing gaps when questioned further. “I did 100 hours,” one might say, yet struggles to explain the missions of the organizations.(他们自豪地宣称自己参与了慈善组织，但当被进一步询问时，却暴露出了惊人的差距。“我做了100个小时，”有人可能会说，但却难以解释这些组织的使命。)”可知，一些学生虽然参与了志愿服务，但却对志愿服务的组织和使命不了解，这让作者感到沮丧。选项B“这让我真的很沮丧”符合语境。故选B。
43.根据上文“True service isn’t measured in hours or reduced to strategic career moves.(真正的服务不是以小时来衡量，也不是简化为战略性的职业变动。)”和下文“Imagine helping build a wheelchair ramp for an elderly neighbor so they can leave their house. Or teaching math to kids who can’t afford tutors because you noticed they were struggling. At its core, meaningful service demands emotional investment — the willingness to center others’ wellbeing above personal gain.(想象一下，帮助一位年长的邻居建造一个轮椅坡道，这样他们就可以离开自己的房子。或者因为你注意到孩子们在挣扎，就给那些请不起家教的孩子教数学。从根本上说，有意义的服务需要情感投入——愿意把他人的福祉置于个人利益之上。)”可知，真正的服务不在于时长，而在于对他人的关怀和帮助。选项A“这绝对是关于关怀”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
44.根据上文“Instead of asking “How many hours did you serve ”, applications might inquire: “What social challenge moved you to act ” or…(申请时，不要问“你服务了多少小时？”，而是可以问：“是什么社会挑战促使你采取行动？”或者……”。)”可知，此处列举了一些除了问志愿服务时长之外的问题，这些问题应更侧重于志愿服务的实质。选项E“你的服务是如何满足社区需求的？”是一个与志愿服务实质相关的问题，符合语境。故选E。
45.根据下文“Volunteer because it is the right thing to do as a human being.(做志愿者是因为这是作为一个人应该做的事情。)”可知，做志愿者是出于本心，而不是因为必须去做。选项C“不要因为你必须去做而去做志愿者”引出下文，符合语境。故选C。
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜我，为什么成为我？一门新兴科学正在颠覆你的认知
你有没有想过，到底是什么塑造了今天的你？是与生俱来的基因，还是成长过程中的环境？150年来，关于“先天”（nature）与“后天”（nurture）哪个更重要，科学界一直争论不休。如今，一门新兴学科横空出世，正在颠覆人们的传统认知。新研究发现，先天与后天并未泾渭分明，你在二者的互动中悄然生成。这是什么意思？可以带给我们怎样的启发？
A New Scientific Field Is Recasting Who We Are and How We Got That Way
By Dalton Conley
Since Francis Galton coined the phrase "nature versus nurture" 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences.
nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other.
The new field is called sociogenomics, a fusion of behavioral science and genetics.
Genes don't affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies—they work, in part, by shaping the environments we seek out or engender.
The part of this research that really blows me away is the realization that our environment is, in part, made up of the genes of the people around us. Preliminary research suggests that your spouse's genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do.
Genes alone aren't enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself.
The more opportunities and information the environment provides—the more varied environments become—the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in sorting us into different categories.
Nature and nurture aren't separate forces—they're a M bius strip, endlessly looping back on each other.
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.recast v. _______________________
2.coin 英 [k n] 美 [k n]v. _______________________
3.nature 英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r]n._______________________
4.nurture 英 [ n t ] 美 [ n r t r] n. _______________________
5.realm/field n. _______________________
6.upend v. _______________________
7.vantage n. _______________________
8.real 英 [r l] 美 [ ri l]_______________________
9.sociogenomics n._______________________
10.sociology n. _______________________
11.genomics n. _______________________
12.engender 英 [ n d end ] 美 [ n d end r] v. _______________________
13.realization 英 [ r la ze n] 美 [ ri l ze n] n. _______________________
14.suggest 英 [s d est] 美 [s d est] v._______________________
15.spouse 英 [spa s] 美 [spa s] n._______________________
16.likelihood 英 [ la klih d] 美 [ la klih d] n. _______________________
17.shape 英 [ e p] 美 [ e p] v. _______________________
18.loop 英 [lu p] 美 [lu p] v. _______________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._______________________一个新的科学领域
2._______________________将要做……，必然会……
3._______________________颠覆这场辩论，推翻现有观点
4._______________________ A与B的融合
5._______________________寻找（并找到）
6._______________________给人留下深刻印象
7._______________________由……组成
8._______________________仅有A是不够的，仅有B也不行。
9._______________________遗传变异
10._______________________把人分类
11._______________________ 被归为优秀员工
12._______________________ 被归为游手好闲的人
拓展练习阅读理解
Today, community service often feels like something you have to do, not something you want to do. Schools require it for graduation, colleges ask about it in applications, and even employers increasingly inquire about it. This trend appears uplifting, because more volunteers mean stronger nonprofits. But I’ve realized there’s a problem: 41
I’ve encountered students who talk about volunteering like it’s a competition. They declare involvement with charity organizations proudly, only to reveal astonishing gaps when questioned further. “I did 100 hours,” one might say, yet struggles to explain the missions of the organizations. 42 When did helping others become about counting hours instead of making a difference
True service isn’t measured in hours or reduced to strategic career moves. 43 Imagine helping build a wheelchair ramp (坡道) for an elderly neighbor so they can leave their house. Or teaching math to kids who can’t afford tutors because you noticed they were struggling. At its core, meaningful service demands emotional investment — the willingness to center others’ wellbeing above personal gain.
Reforming this system requires fundamentally rethinking how we evaluate commitment. Colleges and employers must shift from quantitative checkboxes to qualitative assessments. Instead of asking “How many hours did you serve ”, applications might inquire: “What social challenge moved you to act ” or “ 44 ”
45 Volunteer because it is the right thing to do as a human being. If we care more about why we help instead of how much we help, community service can become what it’s meant to be — people working together to make the world a little kinder, one small act at a time.
A.It’s definitely about caring.
B.This makes me really upset.
C.Don’t volunteer because you have to.
D.It is determined by who we offer help to.
E.How did your service meet the needs of your community
F.How many times a year did you volunteer for charity work
G.When we treat kindness like an assignment, are we really being kind
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.recast v. 重新塑造，改写；角色重塑、更换演员
2.coin 英 [k n] 美 [k n]v. 创造新词语；n. 硬币
3.nature 英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r]n.（人或动物天生的）秉性，天性
4.nurture 英 [ n t ] 美 [ n r t r] n. 教养，教育，培养
5.realm/field n. 领域
6.upend v. 颠覆（to turn something upside down）
7.vantage n. 视角，有利的地形地位
8.real 英 [r l] 美 [ ri l]
9.sociogenomics n. 社会基因组学
10.sociology n. 社会学
11.genomics n. 对基因组的研究
12.engender 英 [ n d end ] 美 [ n d end r] v. 产生，引发
13.realization 英 [ r la ze n] 美 [ ri l ze n] n. 认识，领悟
14.suggest 英 [s d est] 美 [s d est] v. 表明
15.spouse 英 [spa s] 美 [spa s] n. 配偶
16.likelihood 英 [ la klih d] 美 [ la klih d] n. 可能性
17.shape 英 [ e p] 美 [ e p] v. 塑造、影响某事的发展
18.loop 英 [lu p] 美 [lu p] v. 成环形运动
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.a new realm of science一个新的科学领域
2.be poised to将要做……，必然会……
3.upend the debate颠覆这场辩论，推翻现有观点
4.a fusion of A and B A与B的融合
5.seek out寻找（并找到）
6.blow someone away给人留下深刻印象
7.made up of由……组成
8.A is not enough, and neither is B.仅有A是不够的，仅有B也不行。
9.genetic variation遗传变异
10.sort somebody into different categories把人分类
11.be sorted into the category of a good employee 被归为优秀员工
12.be sorted into the category of an idler 被归为游手好闲的人
【全文翻译】
一门新兴学科正在重新解释我们是谁，以及我们为何变成这样
自从弗朗西斯·高尔顿（Francis Galton）在150年前提出“先天与后天”的概念以来，关于“人是如何成为人”的讨论便一直主导着人文科学领域。
Today, however, a new realm of science is poised to upend the debate. Through this new vantage,
然而如今，一个新兴科学领域有望颠覆这一争论。从这个全新的视角来看，先天和后天甚至并非是完全可区分的因素：它们相互影响，甚至在很大程度上相互塑造。
这个新领域被称为社会基因组学，是对行为科学和遗传学的融合。
基因并非孤立地在我们体内发挥作用，来决定我们将成为什么样的人。一定程度上，它们影响的是我们对环境的选择和塑造，进而决定了我们会成为谁。
这项研究令我大为震撼的地方，在于它让我意识到：我们所处的环境，有一部分是由身边人的基因构成的。初步研究表明，就患抑郁症的可能性而言，你配偶基因的影响力，几乎可以等同于你自己基因的三分之一。
无论是基因还是环境，本身而言都不足以决定个体的发展结果。先天与后天互相塑造：我们的天性影响我们如何感知环境，而环境又影响天性的表达方式。
环境提供的机会和信息越多，也就是说环境的多样性越高，遗传差异在决定我们不同的人生道路中所发挥的作用就越强。
先天与后天并非彼此独立的力量，而更像一条莫比乌斯环，首尾相接，循环往复，永无止境。
41.G 42.B 43.A 44.E 45.C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了社区服务的现状和问题，并提出了一些改进的建议。
41.根据上文“Today, community service often feels like something you have to do, not something you want to do. Schools require it for graduation, colleges ask about it in applications, and even employers increasingly inquire about it. This trend appears uplifting, because more volunteers mean stronger nonprofits.(如今，社区服务往往感觉是你必须做的事情，而不是你想做的事情。学校要求毕业时必须做，大学在申请时会问，甚至雇主也越来越多地询问。这一趋势看起来令人振奋，因为更多的志愿者意味着更强的非营利组织。)”和空前“But I’ve realized there’s a problem.(但是我意识到有一个问题。)”可知，上下文之间存在转折关系，且下文引出了问题，所以空白处应承接下文，指出问题所在。选项G“当我们把善良当作一项任务时，我们真的是在行善吗？”指出了把社区服务当作必须完成的任务这一问题，引出下文，符合语境。故选G。
42.根据上文“They declare involvement with charity organizations proudly, only to reveal astonishing gaps when questioned further. “I did 100 hours,” one might say, yet struggles to explain the missions of the organizations.(他们自豪地宣称自己参与了慈善组织，但当被进一步询问时，却暴露出了惊人的差距。“我做了100个小时，”有人可能会说，但却难以解释这些组织的使命。)”可知，一些学生虽然参与了志愿服务，但却对志愿服务的组织和使命不了解，这让作者感到沮丧。选项B“这让我真的很沮丧”符合语境。故选B。
43.根据上文“True service isn’t measured in hours or reduced to strategic career moves.(真正的服务不是以小时来衡量，也不是简化为战略性的职业变动。)”和下文“Imagine helping build a wheelchair ramp for an elderly neighbor so they can leave their house. Or teaching math to kids who can’t afford tutors because you noticed they were struggling. At its core, meaningful service demands emotional investment — the willingness to center others’ wellbeing above personal gain.(想象一下，帮助一位年长的邻居建造一个轮椅坡道，这样他们就可以离开自己的房子。或者因为你注意到孩子们在挣扎，就给那些请不起家教的孩子教数学。从根本上说，有意义的服务需要情感投入——愿意把他人的福祉置于个人利益之上。)”可知，真正的服务不在于时长，而在于对他人的关怀和帮助。选项A“这绝对是关于关怀”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
44.根据上文“Instead of asking “How many hours did you serve ”, applications might inquire: “What social challenge moved you to act ” or…(申请时，不要问“你服务了多少小时？”，而是可以问：“是什么社会挑战促使你采取行动？”或者……”。)”可知，此处列举了一些除了问志愿服务时长之外的问题，这些问题应更侧重于志愿服务的实质。选项E“你的服务是如何满足社区需求的？”是一个与志愿服务实质相关的问题，符合语境。故选E。
45.根据下文“Volunteer because it is the right thing to do as a human being.(做志愿者是因为这是作为一个人应该做的事情。)”可知，做志愿者是出于本心，而不是因为必须去做。选项C“不要因为你必须去做而去做志愿者”引出下文，符合语境。故选C。