(共167张PPT)
Section D Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 十年，十年期
2．____________ adj. 卡住的，无法移动的
3．____________ n. 拥挤，堵塞；果酱
4．____________ n. 癌症
5．____________ vt. 适合 n. 套装
6．____________ adj. 交通的
decade
stuck
jam
cancer
suit
traffic
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．棍，手杖→________ v．粘贴；伸出→________ adj.卡住的，无法移动的
2．________ vt.使恼怒；使烦恼→________ adj.烦恼的；生气的→________ adj.恼人的；讨厌的→________ n．烦恼；使人烦恼的事
3．________ n．愤怒；怒气→________ vt.激怒→________ adj.生气的；愤怒的
stick
stick
stuck
annoy
annoyed
annoying
annoyance
anger
anger
angry
4．________ vi.相联系，有关联→________ n．关系；联系→________ adj.相对的；比较的→________ adv.相比较而言，相对地
5．________ adj.定期的，有规律的→________ adv.定期地；有规律地
6．________ vt.适合→________ n．套装→________ adj.适宜的，合适的
relate
relation
relative
relatively
regular
regularly
suit
suit
suitable
7．________ vt.破坏，毁坏→________ n．破坏，毁坏→________ adj.破坏性的
8．organise vt.组织→________ n．组织→organiser n．组织者→________ n．(人体的)器官；机关，组织
9．________ vt.玷污；污染→________ n．[U]污染；污染物
10．________ vt.预言，预料，预测→________ n．预言，预报→predictable adj.可预料的；可预见的
destroy
destruction
destructive
organisation
organ
pollute
pollution
predict
prediction
go downtown
get stuck in traffic jams
compared to/with...
go up by
make excuses
6．________________ 坦率地说
7．________________ 对……上瘾；沉迷于……
8．________________ 向某人征求意见
9．________________ 放弃
10．________________ 有点儿，些许
11．________________ 那又怎样
12．________________ 在……的另外一侧
13．________________ 在拐角处
to be frank
be addicted to
ask sb. for advice
give up
a little bit
so what
on the other side of...
around the corner
在过去的十年中
平均……
温室气体
多种癌症
与……有关联
代替，而不是
7．keep sb. fit ________________
8．regular exercise ________________
9．cut the risk of ________________
10．take action (to do sth.) ________________
11．sit around ________________
12．improve our environment ________________
13．pick up sb. ________________
使某人保持健康
定期锻炼，经常锻炼
降低……的风险
采取行动(做某事)
无所事事
改善我们的环境
(开车)接某人
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What can we know from the first paragraph
A．Complaints about traffic jams are often heard.
B．Complaints about traffic jams are unreasonable.
C．Personal anger and stress shouldn't have happened.
D.The social costs are less important than personal anger.
A
2．What can we know from the figures about Britain
A．In the last two decades, the number of cars on the roads has gone up to 32 million.
B．Over the last decade, 2，500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
C．Almost 3，000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
D．All kinds of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
A
3．What can we know from the advice on how to give up cars from the author's friend
A．Use our legs regularly to prevent heart disease.
B．Reduce the unnecessary journey.
C．Share cars with someone else all the time.
D．Use public transport to save money.
B
4．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
A．To inform us of some figures about the traffic in Britain.
B.To advise people to give up cars to relieve traffic pressure.
C．To present the traffic problems in Britain and possible solutions.
D．To suggest ways to reduce traffic pollution.
C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We often hear people complain about the road conditions and traffic jams and the figures about Britain show that personal anger and stress are nothing 1.________ (compare) to the real costs socially. The author's friend advises doing the following five things：
·Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres, and we could 2.________ (easy) walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease 3.________ 50%!
compared
easily
by
·Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while 4.________ same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit 5.________ (long), but we can relax, read a book or talk to someone.
·Think before you go. Before you get into your car, think about 6.________ you really need 7.________ (make) that journey.
·Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share 8.________ (journey) with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
the
longer
whether
to make
journeys
·Take action! There is something we can do about the noise, 9.________ (pollute) and danger of traffic. If your street is 10.________ (fill) with heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don't just sit around and complain！
pollution
filled
[教材原文]
Part 1
“This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown①. More roadworks② on the A10！”
“Oh really It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.”
How often have you heard these conversations How often do we get stuck③ in traffic jams④？ How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out⑤， tired and angry For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger⑥ and stress are nothing compared to⑦ the real costs socially. Here are some figures⑧ about Britain：
In the last 20 years, the number of⑨ cars on the roads has gone up by⑩ 25%. There are now 32 million cars.
Over the last decade ， an average of 2，500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases .
Almost 30，000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
Part 2
We know that cars are bad for us. But we all make excuses ：“The buses are terrible”； “The trains are always late”；“I haven't got time to walk”. I'm talking about myself, too. To be frank ， I'm addicted to my car. When I asked a friend working for a green-living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things：【1】
【1】when引导时间状语从句，working for a green-living organisation现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a friend，she told me five things，主句。
Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what ？ You can relax, read a book, talk to someone—who knows
Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town What about the shops around the corner ？ Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.【2】
【2】Before引导时间状语从句，动词原形开头的祈使句，whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。
Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
Take action ！ We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic.There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit . Do whichever of these things that suit you.【3】 Don't just sit around and complain ！
【3】Do开头的祈使句，that引导定语从句。
All quite simple, isn't it Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I'm sorry I have to finish this article, but I've got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm.Then I've got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible ， but what can I do？
[汉语译文]
第1部分
“今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。A10公路上的很多地方在施工(roadworks道路施工)！”
“真的吗？我花了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起事故。”
你每隔多久会听到这样的谈话？有多少次我们碰到交通堵塞(traffic jam)而动弹不得 (stuck 卡住的，无法移动的)？又有多少次，我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁(stressed out)、心烦气躁？对很多人来说，答案是每天。但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒(anger)和焦虑根本不值一提。以下是一些关于英国的数据：
·在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。现在有3 200万辆汽车。
·在过去十年(decade)中，每年平均有2 500人死于交通事故。
·交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体(gas)。
·每年有近3万人死于空气污染。
·多种癌症(cancer)与交通污染有关(be related to)。
第2部分
我们知道汽车会带来危害。但总能找到借口：“公共汽车很糟糕”；“火车总是晚点”；“我没有时间走路”。我说的也包括我自己。坦率地说，我离不开车。当我问一位在绿色生活组织工作的朋友关于如何放弃汽车时，她给了五条建议：
·走路。2014年，超过55%的汽车行程不到8千米。可以轻易地用走路或骑行来代替短途的开车出行。利用脚力行走可以省钱，保持健康并帮助延长寿命。经常(regular)锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险！
·使用公共交通工具。一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。有时坐公共汽车可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？你可以放松一下、读一本书、和别人交谈——谁知道呢？
·出发之前先想想。你真的要去镇上另一边的那个购物中心吗？拐角处的商店怎么样？在上车之前，想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方。
·共享汽车。如果不得不用车，与其他人共用一辆车。这样更便宜，也更环保。
·采取行动！我们经常觉得面对噪音、污染和交通危险，自己无能为力。其实可以有所为。如果你所在的那条街交通繁忙，去和邻居们谈谈。向媒体反映。去市政府。申请设置限速。做你方便(suit适合)做的任何事情。别光坐在那里抱怨！
这些都很简单，不是吗？五种简单方法就可以改善环境。好吧，很抱歉我要结束这篇文章了，因为下午4点我得去学校接女儿。然后我得开车去超市购物，之后还得带儿子去参加一个派对。交通将会非常糟，但我能怎么办呢？
[词汇注释]
①go downtown到市中心去
②roadworks/'r dw ks/ n．道路施工
③stuck/st k/adj.卡住的，无法移动的
get stuck in 陷入；困于
④traffic jam交通堵塞
jam/d m/n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱
⑤stressed out 焦虑的
⑥anger/' ɡ /n.愤怒；怒气
in anger气愤地
be filled with anger满腔怒火
⑦compared to/with 与……相比
be nothing compared to 与……相比微不足道
⑧figure n．数据，数字
⑨the number of……的数量
a number of大量的……
⑩go up by上升了……，增加了……
decade/'deke d/n.十年，十年期
in/over the past decade 在过去的十年里
an average of... 平均……
on average平均来看
gas/g s/n.气，气体
greenhouse gases温室气体
per year每年
cancer/'k ns /n.癌症
be related to 与……有关联
relate/r 'le t/vi.相联系，有关联
be bad for对……有害
make excuses找借口
to be frank说实话，老实说，坦率地说(常用作插入语)
be addicted to对……上瘾；沉迷于……
ask sb. for advice向某人征求意见
instead of代替，而不是
keep sb. fit使某人保持健康
regular/'reɡj l /adj.
定期的，有规律的
(反：irregular adj.不规律的
regular exercise 经常锻炼
cut the risk of 降低……的风险
a little bit有点儿，些许
so what那又怎样
around the corner 在拐角处
share journeys with sb.和某人同行(此处指共用一辆车)
much cheaper便宜得多
much修饰形容词比较级，表示程度。
take action (to do sth.) 采取行动(做某事)
be full of充满，满是
ask for请求，要求
speed limit限速
suit/sju t/vt.适合 n．套装
sit around 无所事事(＝sit about)
complain v．抱怨
pick up (开车) 接……
pick up还有其他含义：捡起；改善，好转；(偶然)学会；接电话等。
horrible adj.极坏的，十分讨厌的
第一版块|核心单词
1．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的 stick n．棍、手杖 v．坚持；伸出；粘贴；卡住，陷住
(教材原句)How do you feel when you get stuck in traffic jams？
当你遇到交通堵塞时，你是什么感觉？
get/be stuck in 陷入……中，困在……中
get/be stuck with 被……缠住，无法摆脱……
be stuck on sb. 非常喜欢某人
be stuck on sth. 被……卡住/难住
stick to 坚持(to为介词)
stick with 继续做；跟着……
stick out 坚持到底；伸出；突出；显眼
stick it out 坚持下去
stick to the point 紧扣主题
stick in sb.'s mind 铭记于心
stick by each other 互相支持，不离不弃
stick to the rules 遵守规则
The car got stuck in the mud and had to rely on horses to get rid of it.
那辆小汽车陷在了泥浆之中，不得不依靠马匹来脱离困境。
We should never have hired Jean, but now it looks like we are stuck with her.
我们真不该雇用琼，不过现在看起来我们好像摆脱不了她了。
The man was stuck on his new girlfriend but he was stuck on her greedy demands for money.
这位男士很喜欢他新交的女朋友，但是她对金钱的贪婪需求把他给难住了。
He is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
他因为看到沙尘暴、疾病以及困在数英里外海上的渔船而感到难过。
I had a student today who got his finger stuck inside a test tube in chemical class.
今天的化学课上，我的一个学生的手指卡在试管里了。
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.
我设法坚持节食，不吃甜食。
If you're in a job that keeps you busy, stick with it.
如果有份让你忙忙碌碌的工作，你就要坚持做下去。
[拓展]
be/get trapped in＝be stuck in被困在……
be/get caught in突然遭遇(风暴等)
[教师提示]
(1)过去分词短语stuck in、trapped in、caught in 常用作状语或定语。
(2)keep sticking 老卡住
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick ________ it.
②I could see one end of the letter sticking ________ of John's pocket.
③We were ________ (stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
④You're stuck ________ your own way of thinking.
⑤This drawer keeps ________ (stick).
to
out
stuck
in
sticking
写出句中stick的词性及含义
⑥Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.___________
⑦The boy disturbed the surface of the pond with a stick._____________
⑧Doran stuck his head out of the window to acknowledge the cheering.________________
动词，坚持
名词，棍
动词，伸出
2．annoyed adj.感到烦恼的，生气的，感到恼怒的 annoy vt.使恼怒；使烦恼 annoyance n．恼怒；烦恼；使人烦恼的事 annoying adj.恼人的；令人讨厌的
get annoyed with sb. 烦某人
be annoyed (with sb.) at/about sth. 因某事而(对某人)生气
be annoyed to do... 因做……而生气
be annoyed that... 因……而生气
It annoyed me that... 使我生气的是……
to one's annoyance 使某人恼怒的是
find sth. an annoyance 觉得某事让人心烦
naughty and annoying 淘气又惹人厌
[易错警示]
含有“使”“让”之意的动词其-ed形式通常与人有关，其-ing形式通常与事物有关。
He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.因为我粗心大意，他已开始对我非常恼火了。
My mother was annoyed with me for telling lies to her about my grades.(可用于有关亲子关系的记叙文写作中)
妈妈对我在成绩上对她说谎很生气。
Bess was annoyed to find that coffee was not ready.
贝丝因为发现咖啡还没有准备好而恼怒。
The boy is annoyed that he has been kept at home all day.
那个男孩因在家里被关了一整天，感到很厌烦。
What annoys me is that he won't even listen to other people's suggestions.
令我恼怒的是，他对别人的建议连听都不愿听。
The annoying thing about the plan is that it's confusing.
这项计划令人生气的地方是它令人困惑。
To my annoyance, the pupil was late for school again.
令人恼怒的是，此生又上学迟到了。
[语境记忆]
I was annoyed at those annoying things because my mind was full of annoyances and those things were annoying me all the time.我因那些令人烦恼的事而生气，因为我的脑子里都是烦恼之事，那些事情一直在困扰我。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He got annoyed ________ his son because the homework was in a mess.
②Her most ________ (annoy) habit was eating with her mouth open.
③Much to our ________ (annoy), they decided not to come after all.
④If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or ________ (annoy), you may be onto something.
with
annoying
annoyance
annoyed
⑤My brother turned his back on me because he was annoyed ________ my greed.
⑥She was annoyed ________ (learn) that she had failed in the make-up examination.
⑦It really ________ (annoy) me when people expect me to tip as well as paying a service charge in a restaurant.
at/about
to learn
annoys
3．stress n．压力 vt.强调；压、按压
(教材原句)to feel stressed out感到焦虑
stressed out 焦虑的；紧张的；有压力的
be stressed out 焦虑的
look stressed out 看起来焦虑
get stressed out 变得焦虑
get stressed about 对……感到焦虑
cause/reduce stress 造成/减轻压力
deal with stress 应对压力
put/lay/place stress on 强调……
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
suffer from stress 承受压力
(be)under stress 承受压力
The less we're all stressed out, the better we'll sleep.
我们压力越小，睡眠就越好。
Those who are stressed out are often nervous, upset or ill.
那些焦虑的人经常会紧张、生气或生病。
Brandon is looking pretty stressed out.布兰登看起来很焦虑。
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
It is necessary to lay stress on the packing as well as the quality.
将重点放在包装和质量上是必要的。
Stress should be put on the prevention of diseases.
疾病应以预防为主。
[学法点拨]
feel stressed感到紧张(人感到有压力的)
a stressful job一份有压力的工作(事物本身的特点)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are ________ stress.
②The teacher laid particular stress ________ honesty.
③I'm under a lot of pressure lately and I'm almost stressed ________．
④It was a ________ job, so he felt very ________ and finally resigned. (stress)
完成句子
⑤Those who____________________ (有压力的) are often nervous, angry or ill.
under
on
out
stressful
stressed
are stressed out
4．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.激怒
(教材原句)But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.
但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。
in anger 生气地，气愤地
show anger 显示愤怒；生气
contain/control one's anger 强压怒火
hold back one's anger 控制某人的怒火
be filled with anger＝be full of anger 充满怒气
to one's anger 使某人生气的是
anger sb. 激怒某人
It angers sb. that... 使某人生气的是……
We sometimes do things in anger that we are sorry for afterwards.我们发怒时，有时会做出过后后悔的事来。
He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
他因遭受如此待遇而满腔怒火。
His bad behaviour was such as to anger everyone.
他的坏行为竟至如此，激怒了每一个人。
It angered me that they had not kept their promise.
他们没有履行诺言，我非常生气。
[拓展]
angry adj.生气的；愤怒的(angrier, angriest)
be angry with/at sb.生某人的气
be angry at/about sth.因为某事而生气
be angry about因……生气
be angry to do sth.生气地做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was more in sorrow than ________ anger that he criticised his former colleague.
②I was very angry ________ him, but now I feel I've got it out of my system.
③He always regrets the things he says and does in a moment of ________ (angry).
④Jack laughed, which made me even ________ (angry).
in
with
anger
angrier
完成句子
⑤He ________________ (充满了愤怒) at the way his mother had been punished.
⑥The mother ______________ (因……感到生气) that her son was staying away from school.
was filled with anger
was angry
5．relate v．相联系，有关联 relation n．关系；联系 relative adj.相对的；关于……的 relatively adv.相比较而言，相对地
(教材原句)Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
多种癌症与交通污染有关。
relate to sb./sth. 与某人/某事相关
relate...to... 把……和……联系起来
be related to 与……有关联
(be)closely/strongly related to 与……有密切关系
(be)directly related to 与……有直接关系
in relation to 关于……；与……相比；关于
maintain friendly relations 保持友好的关系
make a relative study 作比较研究
the problems relative to environmental protection 与环保有关的问题
The professor told his students to relate theory to practice.
教授让学生们理论联系实际。
His remarks didn't relate to the topic under discussion.
他说的话与讨论的话题无关。
Word came that our school was going to hold a class meeting whose topic was related to traditional Chinese customs.
有消息说，我们学校将举行主题与中国传统习俗有关的班会活动。
Relatively speaking, land prices are still pretty low here.
相对来说，这里的土地价格还很低。
In relation to the complaint you have made our reply is we can do nothing to improve the quality of these goods.
关于您所提出的意见，我们的答复是：我们无法再提高这些商品的质量。
We should do what we can to maintain our friendly relations.
我们应该尽我们的所能来保持我们之间的友好关系。
At the meeting we discussed the problems relative to environmental protection.
会上，我们讨论了与环境保护有关的问题。
[链接]
同义词组—表示“与……有关联”的其他短语：be linked with/to、be connected with、have something to do with
[语境助记]
Word came that our school was going to hold a class meeting whose topic was related to traditional Chinese customs.(that引导同位语从句)
有消息说，我们学校将举行主题与中国传统习俗有关的班会活动。
[易错警示]
related to...和connected with...常在句中作后置定语，相当于which/that引导的定语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We must relate these principles ________our everyday work.
②The scientist couldn't relate the phenomenon ________ any theory he knew.
③The satellite remains in one spot ________ (relate) to the earth's surface.
④The police are looking for people ________ (relate) to the accident which happened last night.
⑤Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it's ________ (relative) small when compared with the others.
to
to
relative
related
relatively
6．regular adj.定期的，有规律的；经常的；正规的；规则的；惯常的
(教材原句)Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%！
经常锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险！
regular exercise/training 定期锻炼/训练
the regular opening hours 正常营业时间
as regular as clockwork 极有规律
regular meetings 例行会议
on a regular basis 定期地
a regular shape 规则的形状
a regular income 固定收入
pay regular visits to 定期访问
a regular job 固定的工作
There is a regular bus service to the airport.
有公共汽车定时发往机场。
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks.
许多小学支持走校车路线去上学，定期举行这样的步行活动，由家长陪同。
We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里见面。
The designer arrives every day at eight, as regular as clockwork.这位设计师每天八点钟到，极有规律。
[拓展]
irregular adj.无规律的；不规则的
an irregular verb不规则动词
irregular meals不定时的进食
regularly adv.定期地；有规律地
take/do exercise regularly经常锻炼
run regularly定期跑步
meet regularly定期会面
breathe regularly呼吸均匀
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This dictionary has several appendices, including one on ________ (regular) verbs.
②According to medical research, doing exercise ________ a regular basis can release pressure.
irregular
on
完成句子
③The equipment is checked ________________ (定期地).
④We ____________________ (开例会) every Monday.
⑤Although ____________________ (经常锻炼) is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
on a regular basis
hold/have regular meetings
taking regular exercise
7．suit vt.适合；相配；(衣服、款式、颜色等)合身 n．西服；套装
(教材原句)Do whichever of these things that suit you.
做你方便做的任何事情。
(1)suit...to... 使……适合……
be suited to/for 适合……；适宜……
It suits sb. to do sth. 某人适合做某事。
sth.suit(s) sb. 某物适合某人
style or colour suits sb. 款式或颜色适合某人
suit one's needs 满足某人的需求
suit one's taste 满足某人的品味
(2)a smart suit and tie 帅气的西装和领带
a business suit 公务装
a diving suit 潜水服
a suit of armour 一副盔甲
a swimming suit 一套泳装
a suit of uniform 一套制服
I don't think it suits you to have your hair cut short.
我认为你把头发剪短不合适。
The architecture of the house should suit the landscape around.这所房子的建筑风格应与周围的风景相匹配。
This diet is suited to anyone who wants to lose weight fast.
这一食谱适合每一个想要迅速减肥的人。
If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that suits everyone.
如果你从各个方面看此情况，你就可能会找到适合每个人的解决办法。
[拓展]
suitable adj.适宜的，合适的
be suitable for...适合……
The high-intensity workouts are not suitable for people just starting out.
高强度的训练不适合刚开始训练的人。
[语境助记]
… you'll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House &...
……在巴克斯顿歌剧院和……你会发现很多以美术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术来满足各种(人的)品味的东西。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is the convention for men to wear ________ (suit) on formal occasions.
②The price is too high, and moreover, the house isn't in a ________ (suit) position.
③Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable ________ the job.
suits
suitable
for
完成句子
④The girl standing there __________________________ (适合) the job.
⑤If you want to go by bus, __________________________ (那对我也适合).
is suitable for
that suits me fine, too
第二版块|重要短语
1．around the corner在拐角处；在附近；即将来临
(教材原句)What about the shops around the corner
拐角处的商店怎么样？
There is a bank around the corner, but I'm afraid it has already passed its business hours.
在附近有一家银行，但恐怕现在已经过了营业时间了。
have sb. in a corner/get sb. into a corner
使某人陷入困境
cut off a corner (不拐弯而)抄近路
force/drive sb. into a corner 逼得某人走投无路
in the corner 在角落里
at the corner 在拐角处
on the corner 在拐角上
turn the corner 拐过街角；摆脱困境；转危为安
As they turned the corner all the bags slid to one side.
他拐过街角时所有的包都滑到了一边。
They had her in a corner and there was nothing she could do about it.他们已经把她逼得走投无路，她再也无能为力了。
The lawn is damaged here because people cut off the corner.
由于人们不绕角儿走而抄近路，这里的草坪已踩坏了。
[提示]
表示“即将来临”的同义短语：draw near, be approaching
[语境助记]
With the Spring Festival just around the corner, you should start your festive cooking now.
春节快到了，你现在该着手烹饪过节的食物了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he is driven ________ a corner, he inevitably loses his temper.
②If we can just turn ________ corner on these technical parts, we'll have it made.
完成句子
③There's a little gift shop ________________________ (在拐角处).
into
the
around the corner
2．sit around无所事事；闲坐
(教材原句)Don't just sit around and complain!
别光坐在那里抱怨！
They seemed to spend most of their time sitting around in bars.
他们似乎花了大部分时间在酒吧里闲坐。
Eve isn't the type to sit around doing nothing.
伊芙不是那种坐在那里无所事事的人。
sit by 坐视不管，无动于衷；坐在……旁边看护
sit in 列席，旁听；参加；代理
sit out 坐在户外；袖手旁观；耐着性子看完或听完
sit up 熬夜；端坐
sit sb. in... 让某人坐在……里
Mother sat by her sick baby all night.
母亲通宵守护着她生病的婴儿。
We're having a meeting and we'd like you to sit in.
我们在召开一个会议，我们想让你参加。
Most people joined in the dance, only a few sat out.
多数人参加了跳舞，只有几个人没参加。
Don't sit up for me—I'll be home very late.
不必坐着等我，我很晚才会到家。
[语境助记]
Don't only sit by! Come and give me your hands!
不要只是袖手旁观，过来帮帮忙！
They sat me in the chair and started asking questions.
他们让我坐在椅子上，开始向我提问。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She set the table and the two of them sat ________ the stove to enjoy a good hot meal together.
完成句子
②We don't allow the children to ____________ (熬夜).
③Most people in this office___________________ (只是闲坐) with nothing to do.
by
sit up
just sit around
第三版块|典型句式
1．in/over/during＋the last/past＋一段时间(常与现在完成时连用)
(教材原句)In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up by 25%.
在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们在过去的三个月里已经举行了10场表演。
[知识拓展] 常与现在完成时连用的结构：
①ever since自从；自……以后
ever since可作介词、连词或副词。可单独使用，也可接名词、短语或从句，其中从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
②It/This/That is the first/second time(that)...第一/二次……，从句应用现在完成时。
③by＋时间(点)，意为“到……时为止”，句子常用完成时。若句中by后接表示过去的时间，句子用过去完成时；若其后接表示现在的时间，句子用现在完成时；若其后接表示将来的时间，句子用将来完成时。
[归纳总结]
现在完成时的标志性时间状语和副词：just(刚刚)、already(已经)、never(从来没有)、ever(曾经)、before(以前)、yet(已经)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、many times(很多次)、how many times(多少次)、so far(迄今为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in/over/during the past/last＋一段时间(在过去的……时间里)，recently/lately(近来)。
例如：
I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance to write them into a report so far.会议期间我做了笔记，但到目前为止我还没有机会把它们写进报告里。
By now, he has answered nine questions.
到目前为止，他已经回答了九个问题。
I've been there already and don't want to go again.
我曾到过那儿，不想再去了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is the second time I ________ (see) the famous player, but I still feel excited.
②Progress ________ (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
③I ________ (hear) nothing about him up to now.
④It seems to me that I ________ (meet) this man somewhere before.
⑤I have travelled to most of the cities in China ________ five years ago.
have seen
has been
have heard
have met
since
⑥Where ________ you ________ (be) this morning We were all anxious about you.
⑦It's weeks ________ I fell ill.
⑧I __________ (be) a member of the committee for 5 years. I ________ (join) it 5 years ago.
⑨We ________ (be) friends ________ we came to the school 3 years ago.
have
been
since
have been
joined
have been
every since
2．as引导原因状语从句
(教材原句)Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。
[句式分析] 此句是as引导的原因状语从句，意为“因为……”。
as引导从句的情况小结：
①因为→引导原因状语从句
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。
②随着，当……时→引导时间状语从句
The guide told us his adventures in the Arctic as we went along.
我们走着的时候，这个导游给我们讲了他在北极的历险经历。
③虽然；即使→引导让步状语从句(需要将as后面的表语、状语或谓语提到前面，构成倒装句)
Tired as he was, the general stayed up late.
这位将军虽疲倦，但仍很晚才睡。
④按照……的方式→引导方式状语从句
I have changed it as you suggested.
我已按你的建议把它改了。
⑤正如，如同→引导非限制性定语从句
Mr.Smith is chosen to represent the company at the conference, as is often the case.
史密斯先生被选出来在会议上代表公司，这是经常的事。
[即学即练] 指出下面句子中as是引导什么从句，并将句子译成汉语。
①As you were out, I left a message for you.
___________________________________________________________
②As she grew older, she gained in confidence.
___________________________________________________________
③Try as he might(＝However hard he tried), he couldn't open the door.
___________________________________________________________
因为你不在，所以我给你留言了。(原因状语从句)
随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。(时间状语从句)
他想尽了办法也没能打开门。(让步状语从句)
④They did as I had asked.
___________________________________________________________
⑤As you know, Julia is leaving soon.
___________________________________________________________
他们是按照我的要求做的。(方式状语从句)
你是知道的，朱莉娅马上要离开了。(定语从句)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The medicine is effective against ________ (癌症).
2．It is difficult to ________ (联系) these results with any recognised cause.
3．They have set a ________ (定期的，有规律的) time for vocational study to prevent distraction.
4．He was an outgoing man in his forties, smartly dressed in a ________ (套装) and tie.
5．________ (道路施工) are causing traffic jams in the city centre.
cancer
relate
regular
suit
Roadworks
6．He was unable to hold back his ________ (怒火) and contributed to a fight.
7．The storm left a mass of ________ (毁坏) behind.
8．He said that his car had got ________ (陷入) in a traffic jam.
9．She sat there, silently annoyed at the traffic ________ (阻塞).
10．I'm ________ (恼火) by his bad manners.
11．The historical article described the major events of the ________ (十年).
12．Capital construction is under way at a couple of ________ (汽油) fields.
anger
destruction
stuck
jam
annoyed
decade
gas
Ⅱ.短语填空
be annoyed at, be compared to, go up by, be addicted to, instead of, make excuses, get stuck in, traffic jam, stressed out, be related to
1．Our tense work can ____________ a battle.
2．Sometimes we choose to ____________ TV series or games to consume time.
3．____________ applying herself to her lessons, Mary spends her time building a castle in the air.
be compared to
be addicted to
Instead of
4．To find methods for success but not ____________ for failure.
5．The cab drivers who knew about the ____________ switched to another road.
6．They can sometimes ____________ unusual disease or infection.
7．Your lover may ____________ your behaviour.
8．Production ____________ 25% this month.
9．That means vehicles fitted with them will not ____________ the valley.
10．If you are ____________， strive to lessen your burden.
make excuses
traffic jam
be related to
be annoyed at
goes up by
get stuck in
stressed out
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．You should remain modest when ________ (approach) perfection.
approaching
解析：时间状语从句中省略了you are。句意：当你趋近完美时，你应该保持谦虚。
2．He had tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but, ________ (frighten), it had run off.
frightened
解析：形容词作原因状语。句意：他曾试图哄那只狗到他跟前，但它由于害怕跑掉了。
3．A man should learn ________ (suit) ways to deal with life.
suitable
解析：形容词作定语。句意：一个人应该学会应付生活的适当方法。
4．Naomi managed to figure ________ 16 of Steve's favourite, and most personal, songs.
out
解析： figure out想出；弄清楚。句意：娜奥米设法想出了16首史蒂夫最喜欢、最个人化的歌曲。
5．Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, ________ (compare) to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
compared
解析： compared to与……相比。句意：在健康状况良好的女性中，5%的人患上了失智症，而在健康状况中等的女性中，这一比例为25%，在健康状况不佳的女性中，这一比例为32%。
6．You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related ______ your commitment.
to
解析：be related to与……有关联。句意：你还需要判断你的动机的质量和深度。这很重要，因为它直接关系到你的承诺。
7．Jack is leaving early to avoid getting ________ (stick) in traffic.
stuck
解析： get stuck in陷入……中。句意：杰克要提早出发以避免遇上堵车。
8．Who hasn't received an email so ________ (annoy) that it ruined an entire day
annoying
解析：修饰名词email要用-ing形式的形容词。句意：谁没有收到过令人如此生气以至于毁了一整天的电子邮件呢？
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Hardly could I ________________ (抑制我的愤怒) when I heard that you broke your promise.
2．With the final exam ________________ (即将来临), I am very nervous and in low spirits because I am afraid of letting my parents down.
hold back my anger
around the corner
3．The group meets ________________ (定期), usually weekly or biweekly.
4．We can't __________(坐视不理) and watch our planet destroyed.
5．The school should create an environment that
_______________________________ (适合学生学习).
on a regular basis
sit by
is suitable for students to study in
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共3小题；每小题1分，满分3分)
1．In the past two ________ (十年), great changes have taken place in our country.
2．We remained ________ in the traffic jam until midnight due to a serious accident.
3．Coal and ________ are traditional fuels, but they bring lots of side effects too.
decades
stuck
gas
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分)
1．We drove to the airport the next morning to pick ________ Susan.
2．People who ________ (regular) practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively.
3．From the ________ (annoy) look on her face, we knew that she was quite mad about what her son had done.
4．I was very ________ (anger) with myself for making such a stupid mistake.
up
regularly
annoyed
angry
5．If ________ (cancer) are found early, there is a high opportunity for survival.
6．It usually takes me 20 minutes ________ (get) home by bus.
7．Finally they climbed to the top of the mountain, ________ (tire) and thirsty.
8．I enjoyed my stay in the library ________ I could read various books I was interested in.
cancers
to get
tired
where
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
stressed out, be related to, go up, compared to, be addicted to
1．I went through about four years of ____________ video games.
2．I've had some difficulties, but they are nothing ____________ yours.
3．These students were ____________， having to cope with too much homework and too many demands.
4．The topic you choose must ____________ your studies.
5．If costs ____________， there will be an increase in prices.
being addicted to
compared to
stressed out
be related to
go up
Ⅳ.完成句子/句式升级(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．由于伊莎贝尔擅长研究，而彼得总是有说话的天赋，所以他们合作得很好。
As Isabel was good at researching ______________________________， they cooperated quite well.
2．英语老师强调了学好英语的重要性。(stress)
The English teacher ___________________________ English well.
while Peter always had a talent for speaking
stressed the importance of learning
3．毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会下降。(一句多译)
①__________________________ the price of wheat will go down.
②________________， the price of wheat will go down.
4．The boy was addicted to computer games, so he didn't want to study.(句式升级)
→______________________________， the boy didn't want to study.
There is no doubt that
Without doubt
Addicted to computer games
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government. Covering an area of over 4，000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt lake.
Located in Qinghai Province of Northwest China, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point—Cormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”．
Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and bird eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world-famous symbol of the lake.
To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of 1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out that the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central reserves.
Inspectors and conservators often patrol (巡逻) the lake, enriching local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' building nests, laying eggs and breeding (繁殖). As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了越来越多的鸟来到青海湖，当地政府的保护措施使这个地方成为鸟类的天堂。政府向人们普及鸟类保护法，号召人们保护鸟类。
1．Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt lake in Northwest China？( )
A．Because it is getting warmer and warmer.
B．Because it is being reformed.
C．Because the environment is getting more agreeable for them to live in.
D．Because the people there are becoming richer and richer.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government.”以及下文可知，越来越多的鸟飞到青海湖栖息一方面是由于当地政府对环境保护所做出的努力，另一方面是因为那里有充足的食物来源，也就是说那里的环境越来越适合鸟类生存。
2．What do the birds feed on？( )
A．Floating fish and various grass.
B．Grass growing in the water and different kinds of fish.
C．Salt water and plenty of grains.
D．Corn from the local farmers.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds.”可知，两个岛上有丰富的水草与各种鱼类，为鸟类提供了丰富的食物。
3．According to the passage, we can infer that ________．( )
A．over 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands before March
B．flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over the islands to lay eggs
C．visitors can see the birds from miles away
D．the government has taken many measures to protect the district
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四、五段及第一段中的“thanks to the protection efforts of the local government”可知，政府已经采取了很多措施保护这片区域。
4．This passage is most probably taken from ________.( )
A．a newspaper B．a document
C．a storybook D．a science book
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是由于当地政府对环境的保护，越来越多的鸟来到青海湖。这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸上，是一篇新闻报道。
B
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been there around 15，000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to solve global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change If it gets drier, will it survive and continue to draw down CO2 Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately, collecting information is incredibly difficult. To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen (花粉) kept in lake mud. Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediment (沉积物), which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacted to climate change.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为研究亚马孙雨林将如何应对将来的气候变化而对过去的雨林是如何度过冰河时期进行取样研究。
5．How do scientists study the past climate change？( )
A．By predicting the climate change in the future.
B．By drilling down deep into land sediment.
C．By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.
D．By analyzing fossilized pollen in lake mud.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文中第三段第二句To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen (花粉) kept in lake mud.可知，要研究过去的气候，科学家需要看保存在湖泥中的花粉化石。故选D。
6．What is needed for drilling down into lake sediment？( )
A．The latest helicopter.
B．The special equipment.
C．The light machinery.
D．The narrow path.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文中第三段第三句Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediment (沉积物), which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery.可知，钻到湖泊沉积物需要专门的设备和重型机械。C选项错在light。故选B。
7．What is the purpose of writing the passage？( )
A．To attract more people's attention to CO2.
B．To call on people to protect rainforests.
C．To inform people of how scientists work on rainforests.
D．To warn people to stay away from the danger of rainforests.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。这是一篇科普文章，通常写作目的是提供信息。A选项是吸引更多人对二氧化碳的注意，和文章无关；B选项是号召人们保护雨林，此文不是强调保护雨林；D选项是警告人们远离雨林的危险，文章没有讲到雨林的危险。故选C。
8．The best title for the text may be ________．( )
A．Mystery of the Rainforest
B．Climates of the Rainforest
C．The History of the Rainforest
D．Changes of the Rainforest
答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据第一段后两句But if you had been there around 15，000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.可知，人们对于雨林怎样应对气候变化一直没有满意的答案，二、三段讲述的是科学家进行该研究的价值和具体实践及遇到的困难，所有这些都是为了揭开原因，所以标题为“雨林的神秘”是最恰当的。B、C、D选项都仅仅是文章提到的部分信息。故选A。
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Last night was the last game for my eight-year-old son's soccer team. It was the final quarter. The score was two to one, my son's team in the __1__.Parents encircled the field, offering __2__.
With less than ten seconds remaining, the ball __3__ in front of my son's teammate, Mikey O'Donnel. With __4__ of “Kick it！” echoing (回响) across the field, Mikey gave it everything he had. All round me the crowd __5__. O'Donnel had scored!
Then there was silence. Mikey had scored all right, but in the __6__ goal, ending the game in a tie. For a moment there was total silence. You see, Mikey has Down's syndrome (唐氏综合征) and for him there is no such thing as a wrong goal. All goals were __7__ by a joyous hug from Mikey. He had even run to hug the __8__ players when they scored.
The __9__ was finally broken when Mikey, his face filled with __10__， grabbed my son, hugged him and __11__， “I scored! I scored! Everybody won! Everybody won！” For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son would __12__. I need not have worried. I watched, through tears, as my son __13__ his hand up in the classic high-five salute and started chanting, “Way to go Mikey! Way to go Mikey！” Within moments both teams __14__ Mikey, joining in the chant and __15__ him on his goal.
Later that night, when my daughter asked who had won, I smiled as I replied, “It was a tie. Everybody won.”
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一场足球比赛中，虽然患有先天智力障碍的Mikey并没有踢对球门，但是他却让所有的人都赢了。队友们愿意接受他，这是对一个人的理解和尊重。
1．( )A．lead B．front
C．end D．advance
答案与解析：A 比分是2比1，“我”儿子所在的队领先。lead 领先；front 前面(位置)；end 结束，后面；advance 预先。
2．( )A．favor B．assistance
C．encouragement D．satisfaction
答案与解析：C 父母们都围在场地周围，不时地加油助威。encouragement 鼓励，鼓舞；favor 帮助；assistance 援助；satisfaction 满意。
3．( )A． stopped B．rolled
C．arrived D．pulled
答案与解析：B 离比赛结束不到十秒时，球滚到了儿子的队友——Mikey O'Donnel的面前。roll 滚动；stop 停止；arrive 到达；pull 拖拽。
4．( )A．orders B．wishes
C．thoughts D．shouts
答案与解析：D “射门”的呼喊声传遍了全场。shout 喊叫声；order 顺序；wish 希望；thought 想法。
5．( )A．disappointed B．erupted
C．terrified D．charmed
答案与解析：B Mikey进了球，于是周围的人们沸腾起来。erupt 沸腾；disappoint 失望；terrify 恐惧；charm 吸引。
6．( )A．successful B．different
C．wrong D．standard
答案与解析：C Mikey确实射中了，但射错了球门，以平局结束了比赛。wrong 错误的；successful 成功的；different 不同的；standard标准的。
7．( )A．completed B．considered
C．supported D．celebrated
答案与解析：D 对所有进球的队员，Mikey都会以欢快的拥抱表示祝贺。celebrate 庆祝；complete 完成；consider 考虑；support 支持。
8．( )A．exciting B．experienced
C．opposing D．relaxed
答案与解析：C 对手进球时他甚至拥抱过对方队员。opposing players 对手。exciting 令人兴奋的；experienced 有经验的；relaxed 放松的。
9．( )A．record B．silence
C．surprise D．anger
答案与解析：B 最后，沉默被打破了。silence 沉默；record 记录；surprise 惊讶；anger 生气。
10．( )A．shame B．sadness
C．joy D．tear
答案与解析：C Mikey进了球，感到很高兴。joy 高兴；shame 羞愧；sadness 悲伤；tear 眼泪。
11．( )A．yelled B．announced
C．proved D．promised
答案与解析：C Mikey进了球，感到很高兴。joy 高兴；shame 羞愧；sadness 悲伤；tear 眼泪。
12．( ) A．decide B．shock
C．regret D．react
答案与解析：D “我”不知道儿子会作何反应。react 反应；decide 决定；shock 震惊；regret 遗憾。
13．( )A．put B．held
C．took D．threw
答案与解析：A “我”看到儿子举起手，用传统的方式与Mikey击掌庆贺。put one's hand up举起某人的手。根据常识可知应该是把手举起来击掌庆贺。
14．( ) A．defeated B．recognised
C．searched D．surrounded
答案与解析：D 转瞬之间，双方队员都朝Mikey围过去。surround 围；defeat 打败；recognise 认清；search 搜寻。
15．( ) A．punishing B．blaming
C．criticizing D．congratulating
答案与解析：D 队员们开始欢唱，祝贺他进了球。congratulate 祝贺；punish 惩罚；blame 责备；criticize 批评。Section D Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 十年，十年期
2．____________ adj. 卡住的，无法移动的
3．____________ n. 拥挤，堵塞；果酱
4．____________ n. 癌症
5．____________ vt. 适合 n. 套装
6．____________ adj. 交通的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．棍，手杖→________ v．粘贴；伸出→________ adj.卡住的，无法移动的
2．________ vt.使恼怒；使烦恼→________ adj.烦恼的；生气的→________ adj.恼人的；讨厌的→________ n．烦恼；使人烦恼的事
3．________ n．愤怒；怒气→________ vt.激怒→________ adj.生气的；愤怒的
4．________ vi.相联系，有关联→________ n．关系；联系→________ adj.相对的；比较的→________ adv.相比较而言，相对地
5．________ adj.定期的，有规律的→________ adv.定期地；有规律地
6．________ vt.适合→________ n．套装→________ adj.适宜的，合适的
7．________ vt.破坏，毁坏→________ n．破坏，毁坏→________ adj.破坏性的
8．organise vt.组织→________ n．组织→organiser n．组织者→________ n．(人体的)器官；机关，组织
9．________ vt.玷污；污染→________ n．[U]污染；污染物
10．________ vt.预言，预料，预测→________ n．预言，预报→predictable adj.可预料的；可预见的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 到市中心去
2．________________ 遇到交通堵塞
3．________________ 与……相比
4．________________ 上升了……；增加了……
5．________________ 找借口
6．________________ 坦率地说
7．________________ 对……上瘾；沉迷于……
8．________________ 向某人征求意见
9．________________ 放弃
10．________________ 有点儿，些许
11．________________ 那又怎样
12．________________ 在……的另外一侧
13．________________ 在拐角处
将英文短语译成汉语
1．over the last decade ________________
2．an average of... ________________
3．greenhouse gases ________________
4．some types of cancer ________________
5．be related to ________________
6．instead of ________________
7．keep sb. fit ________________
8．regular exercise ________________
9．cut the risk of ________________
10．take action (to do sth.) ________________
11．sit around ________________
12．improve our environment ________________
13．pick up sb. ________________
课文研析.语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What can we know from the first paragraph
A．Complaints about traffic jams are often heard.
B．Complaints about traffic jams are unreasonable.
C．Personal anger and stress shouldn't have happened.
D.The social costs are less important than personal anger.
2．What can we know from the figures about Britain
A．In the last two decades, the number of cars on the roads has gone up to 32 million.
B．Over the last decade, 2，500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
C．Almost 3，000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
D．All kinds of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
3．What can we know from the advice on how to give up cars from the author's friend
A．Use our legs regularly to prevent heart disease.
B．Reduce the unnecessary journey.
C．Share cars with someone else all the time.
D．Use public transport to save money.
4．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
A．To inform us of some figures about the traffic in Britain.
B.To advise people to give up cars to relieve traffic pressure.
C．To present the traffic problems in Britain and possible solutions.
D．To suggest ways to reduce traffic pollution.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We often hear people complain about the road conditions and traffic jams and the figures about Britain show that personal anger and stress are nothing 1.________ (compare) to the real costs socially. The author's friend advises doing the following five things：
·Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres, and we could 2.________ (easy) walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease 3.________ 50%!
·Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while 4.________ same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit 5.________ (long), but we can relax, read a book or talk to someone.
·Think before you go. Before you get into your car, think about 6.________ you really need 7.________ (make) that journey.
·Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share 8.________ (journey) with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
·Take action! There is something we can do about the noise, 9.________ (pollute) and danger of traffic. If your street is 10.________ (fill) with heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don't just sit around and complain！
教材助读.开放课堂
[教材原文]
Part 1
“This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown①. More roadworks② on the A10！”
“Oh really It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.”
How often have you heard these conversations How often do we get stuck③ in traffic jams④？ How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out⑤， tired and angry For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger⑥ and stress are nothing compared to⑦ the real costs socially. Here are some figures⑧ about Britain：
In the last 20 years, the number of⑨ cars on the roads has gone up by⑩ 25%. There are now 32 million cars.
Over the last decade ， an average of 2，500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases .
Almost 30，000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
Part 2
We know that cars are bad for us. But we all make excuses ：“The buses are terrible”； “The trains are always late”；“I haven't got time to walk”. I'm talking about myself, too. To be frank ， I'm addicted to my car. When I asked a friend working for a green-living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things：【1】
【1】when引导时间状语从句，working for a green-living organisation现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a friend，she told me five things，主句。
Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what ？ You can relax, read a book, talk to someone—who knows
Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town What about the shops around the corner ？ Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.【2】
【2】Before引导时间状语从句，动词原形开头的祈使句，whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。
Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
Take action ！ We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic.There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit . Do whichever of these things that suit you.【3】 Don't just sit around and complain ！
【3】Do开头的祈使句，that引导定语从句。
All quite simple, isn't it Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I'm sorry I have to finish this article, but I've got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm.Then I've got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible ， but what can I do？
[汉语译文]
第1部分
“今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。A10公路上的很多地方在施工(roadworks道路施工)！”
“真的吗？我花了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起事故。”
你每隔多久会听到这样的谈话？有多少次我们碰到交通堵塞(traffic jam)而动弹不得 (stuck 卡住的，无法移动的)？又有多少次，我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁(stressed out)、心烦气躁？对很多人来说，答案是每天。但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒(anger)和焦虑根本不值一提。以下是一些关于英国的数据：
·在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。现在有3 200万辆汽车。
·在过去十年(decade)中，每年平均有2 500人死于交通事故。
·交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体(gas)。
·每年有近3万人死于空气污染。
·多种癌症(cancer)与交通污染有关(be related to)。
第2部分
我们知道汽车会带来危害。但总能找到借口：“公共汽车很糟糕”；“火车总是晚点”；“我没有时间走路”。我说的也包括我自己。坦率地说，我离不开车。当我问一位在绿色生活组织工作的朋友关于如何放弃汽车时，她给了五条建议：
·走路。2014年，超过55%的汽车行程不到8千米。可以轻易地用走路或骑行来代替短途的开车出行。利用脚力行走可以省钱，保持健康并帮助延长寿命。经常(regular)锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险！
·使用公共交通工具。一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。有时坐公共汽车可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？你可以放松一下、读一本书、和别人交谈——谁知道呢？
·出发之前先想想。你真的要去镇上另一边的那个购物中心吗？拐角处的商店怎么样？在上车之前，想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方。
·共享汽车。如果不得不用车，与其他人共用一辆车。这样更便宜，也更环保。
·采取行动！我们经常觉得面对噪音、污染和交通危险，自己无能为力。其实可以有所为。如果你所在的那条街交通繁忙，去和邻居们谈谈。向媒体反映。去市政府。申请设置限速。做你方便(suit适合)做的任何事情。别光坐在那里抱怨！
这些都很简单，不是吗？五种简单方法就可以改善环境。好吧，很抱歉我要结束这篇文章了，因为下午4点我得去学校接女儿。然后我得开车去超市购物，之后还得带儿子去参加一个派对。交通将会非常糟，但我能怎么办呢？
[词汇注释]
①go downtown到市中心去
②roadworks/'r dw ks/ n．道路施工
③stuck/st k/adj.卡住的，无法移动的
get stuck in 陷入；困于
④traffic jam交通堵塞
jam/d m/n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱
⑤stressed out 焦虑的
⑥anger/' ɡ /n.愤怒；怒气
in anger气愤地
be filled with anger满腔怒火
⑦compared to/with 与……相比
be nothing compared to
与……相比微不足道
⑧figure n．数据，数字
⑨the number of……的数量
a number of大量的……
⑩go up by上升了……，增加了……
decade/'deke d/n.十年，十年期
in/over the past decade 在过去的十年里
an average of... 平均……
on average平均来看
gas/g s/n.气，气体
greenhouse gases温室气体
per year每年
cancer/'k ns /n.癌症
be related to
与……有关联
relate/r 'le t/vi.相联系，有关联
be bad for对……有害
make excuses找借口
to be frank说实话，老实说，坦率地说(常用作插入语)
be addicted to对……上瘾；沉迷于……
ask sb. for advice向某人征求意见
instead of代替，而不是
keep sb. fit使某人保持健康
regular/'reɡj l /adj.
定期的，有规律的
(反：irregular adj.不规律的
regular exercise
经常锻炼
cut the risk of降低……的风险
a little bit有点儿，些许
so what那又怎样
around the corner
在拐角处
share journeys with sb.和某人同行(此处指共用一辆车)
much cheaper便宜得多
much修饰形容词比较级，表示程度。
take action (to do sth.)
采取行动(做某事)
be full of充满，满是
ask for请求，要求
speed limit限速
suit/sju t/vt.适合 n．套装
sit around 无所事事(＝sit about)
complain v．抱怨
pick up (开车) 接……
pick up还有其他含义：捡起；改善，好转；(偶然)学会；接电话等。
horrible adj.极坏的，十分讨厌的
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的 stick n．棍、手杖 v．坚持；伸出；粘贴；卡住，陷住
(教材原句)How do you feel when you get stuck in traffic jams？当你遇到交通堵塞时，你是什么感觉？
get/be stuck in 陷入……中，困在……中
get/be stuck with 被……缠住，无法摆脱……
be stuck on sb. 非常喜欢某人
be stuck on sth. 被……卡住/难住
stick to 坚持(to为介词)
stick with 继续做；跟着……
stick out 坚持到底；伸出；突出；显眼
stick it out 坚持下去
stick to the point 紧扣主题
stick in sb.'s mind 铭记于心
stick by each other 互相支持，不离不弃
stick to the rules 遵守规则
The car got stuck in the mud and had to rely on horses to get rid of it.
那辆小汽车陷在了泥浆之中，不得不依靠马匹来脱离困境。
We should never have hired Jean, but now it looks like we are stuck with her.
我们真不该雇用琼，不过现在看起来我们好像摆脱不了她了。
The man was stuck on his new girlfriend but he was stuck on her greedy demands for money.
这位男士很喜欢他新交的女朋友，但是她对金钱的贪婪需求把他给难住了。
He is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.他因为看到沙尘暴、疾病以及困在数英里外海上的渔船而感到难过。
I had a student today who got his finger stuck inside a test tube in chemical class.
今天的化学课上，我的一个学生的手指卡在试管里了。
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.
我设法坚持节食，不吃甜食。
If you're in a job that keeps you busy, stick with it.
如果有份让你忙忙碌碌的工作，你就要坚持做下去。
[拓展]
be/get trapped in＝be stuck in被困在……
be/get caught in突然遭遇(风暴等)
[教师提示]
(1)过去分词短语stuck in、trapped in、caught in 常用作状语或定语。
(2)keep sticking 老卡住
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick ________ it.
②I could see one end of the letter sticking ________ of John's pocket.
③We were ________ (stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
④You're stuck ________ your own way of thinking.
⑤This drawer keeps ________ (stick).
写出句中stick的词性及含义
⑥Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.________________
⑦The boy disturbed the surface of the pond with a stick.________________
⑧Doran stuck his head out of the window to acknowledge the cheering.________________
2．annoyed adj.感到烦恼的，生气的，感到恼怒的 annoy vt.使恼怒；使烦恼 annoyance n．恼怒；烦恼；使人烦恼的事 annoying adj.恼人的；令人讨厌的
get annoyed with sb. 烦某人
be annoyed (with sb.) at/about sth.
因某事而(对某人)生气
be annoyed to do... 因做……而生气
be annoyed that... 因……而生气
It annoyed me that... 使我生气的是……
to one's annoyance 使某人恼怒的是
find sth. an annoyance 觉得某事让人心烦
naughty and annoying 淘气又惹人厌
[易错警示] 含有“使”“让”之意的动词其-ed形式通常与人有关，其-ing形式通常与事物有关。
He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.因为我粗心大意，他已开始对我非常恼火了。
My mother was annoyed with me for telling lies to her about my grades.(可用于有关亲子关系的记叙文写作中)
妈妈对我在成绩上对她说谎很生气。
Bess was annoyed to find that coffee was not ready.
贝丝因为发现咖啡还没有准备好而恼怒。
The boy is annoyed that he has been kept at home all day.
那个男孩因在家里被关了一整天，感到很厌烦。
What annoys me is that he won't even listen to other people's suggestions.
令我恼怒的是，他对别人的建议连听都不愿听。
The annoying thing about the plan is that it's confusing.
这项计划令人生气的地方是它令人困惑。
To my annoyance, the pupil was late for school again.
令人恼怒的是，此生又上学迟到了。
[语境记忆] I was annoyed at those annoying things because my mind was full of annoyances and those things were annoying me all the time.我因那些令人烦恼的事而生气，因为我的脑子里都是烦恼之事，那些事情一直在困扰我。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He got annoyed ________ his son because the homework was in a mess.
②Her most ________ (annoy) habit was eating with her mouth open.
③Much to our ________ (annoy), they decided not to come after all.
④If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or ________ (annoy), you may be onto something.
⑤My brother turned his back on me because he was annoyed ________ my greed.
⑥She was annoyed ________ (learn) that she had failed in the make-up examination.
⑦It really ________ (annoy) me when people expect me to tip as well as paying a service charge in a restaurant.
3．stress n．压力 vt.强调；压、按压
(教材原句)to feel stressed out感到焦虑
stressed out 焦虑的；紧张的；有压力的
be stressed out 焦虑的
look stressed out 看起来焦虑
get stressed out 变得焦虑
get stressed about 对……感到焦虑
cause/reduce stress 造成/减轻压力
deal with stress 应对压力
put/lay/place stress on 强调……
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
suffer from stress 承受压力
(be)under stress 承受压力
The less we're all stressed out, the better we'll sleep.
我们压力越小，睡眠就越好。
Those who are stressed out are often nervous, upset or ill.
那些焦虑的人经常会紧张、生气或生病。
Brandon is looking pretty stressed out.布兰登看起来很焦虑。
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
It is necessary to lay stress on the packing as well as the quality.
将重点放在包装和质量上是必要的。
Stress should be put on the prevention of diseases.
疾病应以预防为主。
[学法点拨]
feel stressed感到紧张(人感到有压力的)
a stressful job一份有压力的工作(事物本身的特点)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are ________ stress.
②The teacher laid particular stress ________ honesty.
③I'm under a lot of pressure lately and I'm almost stressed ________．
④It was a ________ job, so he felt very ________ and finally resigned. (stress)完成句子
⑤Those who____________________ (有压力的) are often nervous, angry or ill.
4．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.激怒
(教材原句)But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。
in anger 生气地，气愤地
show anger 显示愤怒；生气
contain/control one's anger 强压怒火
hold back one's anger 控制某人的怒火
be filled with anger＝be full of anger 充满怒气
to one's anger 使某人生气的是
anger sb. 激怒某人
It angers sb. that... 使某人生气的是……
We sometimes do things in anger that we are sorry for afterwards.我们发怒时，有时会做出过后后悔的事来。
He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
他因遭受如此待遇而满腔怒火。
His bad behaviour was such as to anger everyone.
他的坏行为竟至如此，激怒了每一个人。
It angered me that they had not kept their promise.
他们没有履行诺言，我非常生气。
[拓展] angry adj.生气的；愤怒的(angrier, angriest)
be angry with/at sb.生某人的气
be angry at/about sth.因为某事而生气
be angry about因……生气
be angry to do sth.生气地做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was more in sorrow than ________ anger that he criticised his former colleague.
②I was very angry ________ him, but now I feel I've got it out of my system.
③He always regrets the things he says and does in a moment of ________ (angry).
④Jack laughed, which made me even ________ (angry).
完成句子
⑤He ________________ (充满了愤怒) at the way his mother had been punished.
⑥The mother ______________________ (因……感到生气) that her son was staying away from school.
5．relate v．相联系，有关联 relation n．关系；联系 relative adj.相对的；关于……的 relatively adv.相比较而言，相对地
(教材原句)Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.多种癌症与交通污染有关。
relate to sb./sth. 与某人/某事相关
relate...to... 把……和……联系起来
be related to 与……有关联
(be)closely/strongly related to 与……有密切关系
(be)directly related to 与……有直接关系
in relation to 关于……；与……相比；关于
maintain friendly relations 保持友好的关系
make a relative study 作比较研究
the problems relative to environmental protection
与环保有关的问题
The professor told his students to relate theory to practice.
教授让学生们理论联系实际。
His remarks didn't relate to the topic under discussion.
他说的话与讨论的话题无关。
Word came that our school was going to hold a class meeting whose topic was related to traditional Chinese customs.
有消息说，我们学校将举行主题与中国传统习俗有关的班会活动。
Relatively speaking, land prices are still pretty low here.
相对来说，这里的土地价格还很低。
In relation to the complaint you have made our reply is we can do nothing to improve the quality of these goods.
关于您所提出的意见，我们的答复是：我们无法再提高这些商品的质量。
We should do what we can to maintain our friendly relations.
我们应该尽我们的所能来保持我们之间的友好关系。
At the meeting we discussed the problems relative to environmental protection.
会上，我们讨论了与环境保护有关的问题。
[链接] 同义词组—表示“与……有关联”的其他短语：be linked with/to、be connected with、have something to do with
[语境助记] Word came that our school was going to hold a class meeting whose topic was related to traditional Chinese customs.(that引导同位语从句)
有消息说，我们学校将举行主题与中国传统习俗有关的班会活动。
[易错警示] related to...和connected with...常在句中作后置定语，相当于which/that引导的定语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We must relate these principles ________our everyday work.
②The scientist couldn't relate the phenomenon ________ any theory he knew.
③The satellite remains in one spot ________ (relate) to the earth's surface.
④The police are looking for people ________ (relate) to the accident which happened last night.
⑤Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it's ________ (relative) small when compared with the others.
6．regular adj.定期的，有规律的；经常的；正规的；规则的；惯常的
(教材原句)Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%！经常锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险！
regular exercise/training 定期锻炼/训练
the regular opening hours 正常营业时间
as regular as clockwork 极有规律
regular meetings 例行会议
on a regular basis 定期地
a regular shape 规则的形状
a regular income 固定收入
pay regular visits to 定期访问
a regular job 固定的工作
There is a regular bus service to the airport.
有公共汽车定时发往机场。
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks.
许多小学支持走校车路线去上学，定期举行这样的步行活动，由家长陪同。
We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里见面。
The designer arrives every day at eight, as regular as clockwork.这位设计师每天八点钟到，极有规律。
[拓展]
irregular adj.无规律的；不规则的
an irregular verb不规则动词
irregular meals不定时的进食
regularly adv.定期地；有规律地
take/do exercise regularly经常锻炼
run regularly定期跑步
meet regularly定期会面
breathe regularly呼吸均匀
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This dictionary has several appendices, including one on ________ (regular) verbs.
②According to medical research, doing exercise ________ a regular basis can release pressure.
完成句子
③The equipment is checked ________________ (定期地).
④We ________________ (开例会) every Monday.
⑤Although ________ (经常锻炼) is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
7．suit vt.适合；相配；(衣服、款式、颜色等)合身 n．西服；套装
(教材原句)Do whichever of these things that suit you.
做你方便做的任何事情。
(1)suit...to... 使……适合……
be suited to/for 适合……；适宜……
It suits sb. to do sth. 某人适合做某事。
sth.suit(s) sb. 某物适合某人
style or colour suits sb. 款式或颜色适合某人
suit one's needs 满足某人的需求
suit one's taste 满足某人的品味
(2)a smart suit and tie 帅气的西装和领带
a business suit 公务装
a diving suit 潜水服
a suit of armour 一副盔甲
a swimming suit 一套泳装
a suit of uniform 一套制服
I don't think it suits you to have your hair cut short.
我认为你把头发剪短不合适。
The architecture of the house should suit the landscape around.这所房子的建筑风格应与周围的风景相匹配。
This diet is suited to anyone who wants to lose weight fast.
这一食谱适合每一个想要迅速减肥的人。
If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that suits everyone.
如果你从各个方面看此情况，你就可能会找到适合每个人的解决办法。
[拓展] suitable adj.适宜的，合适的
be suitable for...适合……
The high-intensity workouts are not suitable for people just starting out.
高强度的训练不适合刚开始训练的人。
[语境助记] … you'll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House &...
……在巴克斯顿歌剧院和……你会发现很多以美术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术来满足各种(人的)品味的东西。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is the convention for men to wear ________ (suit) on formal occasions.
②The price is too high, and moreover, the house isn't in a ________ (suit) position.
③Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable ________ the job.
完成句子
④The girl standing there __________________________ (适合) the job.
⑤If you want to go by bus, __________________________ (那对我也适合).
第二版块|重要短语
1．around the corner在拐角处；在附近；即将来临
(教材原句)What about the shops around the corner
拐角处的商店怎么样？
There is a bank around the corner, but I'm afraid it has already passed its business hours.
在附近有一家银行，但恐怕现在已经过了营业时间了。
have sb. in a corner/get sb. into a corner
使某人陷入困境
cut off a corner (不拐弯而)抄近路
force/drive sb. into a corner 逼得某人走投无路
in the corner 在角落里
at the corner 在拐角处
on the corner 在拐角上
turn the corner 拐过街角；摆脱困境；转危为安
As they turned the corner all the bags slid to one side.
他拐过街角时所有的包都滑到了一边。
They had her in a corner and there was nothing she could do about it.他们已经把她逼得走投无路，她再也无能为力了。
The lawn is damaged here because people cut off the corner.
由于人们不绕角儿走而抄近路，这里的草坪已踩坏了。
[提示] 表示“即将来临”的同义短语：draw near, be approaching
[语境助记]
With the Spring Festival just around the corner, you should start your festive cooking now.
春节快到了，你现在该着手烹饪过节的食物了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he is driven ________ a corner, he inevitably loses his temper.
②If we can just turn ________ corner on these technical parts, we'll have it made.
完成句子
③There's a little gift shop ________________________ (在拐角处).
2．sit around无所事事；闲坐
(教材原句)Don't just sit around and complain!
别光坐在那里抱怨！
They seemed to spend most of their time sitting around in bars.
他们似乎花了大部分时间在酒吧里闲坐。
Eve isn't the type to sit around doing nothing.
伊芙不是那种坐在那里无所事事的人。
sit by 坐视不管，无动于衷；坐在……旁边看护
sit in 列席，旁听；参加；代理
sit out 坐在户外；袖手旁观；耐着性子看完或听完
sit up 熬夜；端坐
sit sb. in... 让某人坐在……里
Mother sat by her sick baby all night.
母亲通宵守护着她生病的婴儿。
We're having a meeting and we'd like you to sit in.
我们在召开一个会议，我们想让你参加。
Most people joined in the dance, only a few sat out.
多数人参加了跳舞，只有几个人没参加。
Don't sit up for me—I'll be home very late.
不必坐着等我，我很晚才会到家。
[语境助记]
Don't only sit by! Come and give me your hands!
不要只是袖手旁观，过来帮帮忙！
They sat me in the chair and started asking questions.
他们让我坐在椅子上，开始向我提问。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She set the table and the two of them sat ________ the stove to enjoy a good hot meal together.
完成句子
②We don't allow the children to ______________________ (熬夜).
③Most people in this office______________________________ (只是闲坐) with nothing to do.
第三版块|典型句式
1．in/over/during＋the last/past＋一段时间(常与现在完成时连用)
(教材原句)In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up by 25%.
在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们在过去的三个月里已经举行了10场表演。
[知识拓展] 常与现在完成时连用的结构：
①ever since自从；自……以后
ever since可作介词、连词或副词。可单独使用，也可接名词、短语或从句，其中从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
②It/This/That is the first/second time(that)...第一/二次……，从句应用现在完成时。
③by＋时间(点)，意为“到……时为止”，句子常用完成时。若句中by后接表示过去的时间，句子用过去完成时；若其后接表示现在的时间，句子用现在完成时；若其后接表示将来的时间，句子用将来完成时。
[归纳总结] 现在完成时的标志性时间状语和副词：just(刚刚)、already(已经)、never(从来没有)、ever(曾经)、before(以前)、yet(已经)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、many times(很多次)、how many times(多少次)、so far(迄今为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in/over/during the past/last＋一段时间(在过去的……时间里)，recently/lately(近来)。例如：
I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance to write them into a report so far.会议期间我做了笔记，但到目前为止我还没有机会把它们写进报告里。
By now, he has answered nine questions.
到目前为止，他已经回答了九个问题。
I've been there already and don't want to go again.
我曾到过那儿，不想再去了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is the second time I ________ (see) the famous player, but I still feel excited.
②Progress ________ (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
③I ________ (hear) nothing about him up to now.
④It seems to me that I ________ (meet) this man somewhere before.
⑤I have travelled to most of the cities in China ________ five years ago.
⑥Where ________ you ________ (be) this morning We were all anxious about you.
⑦It's weeks ________ I fell ill.
⑧I ________ (be) a member of the committee for 5 years. I ________ (join) it 5 years ago.
⑨We ________ (be) friends ________ we came to the school 3 years ago.
2．as引导原因状语从句
(教材原句)Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。
[句式分析] 此句是as引导的原因状语从句，意为“因为……”。
as引导从句的情况小结：
①因为→引导原因状语从句
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。
②随着，当……时→引导时间状语从句
The guide told us his adventures in the Arctic as we went along.
我们走着的时候，这个导游给我们讲了他在北极的历险经历。
③虽然；即使→引导让步状语从句(需要将as后面的表语、状语或谓语提到前面，构成倒装句)
Tired as he was, the general stayed up late.
这位将军虽疲倦，但仍很晚才睡。
④按照……的方式→引导方式状语从句
I have changed it as you suggested.我已按你的建议把它改了。
⑤正如，如同→引导非限制性定语从句
Mr.Smith is chosen to represent the company at the conference, as is often the case.
史密斯先生被选出来在会议上代表公司，这是经常的事。
[即学即练] 指出下面句子中as是引导什么从句，并将句子译成汉语。
①As you were out, I left a message for you.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②As she grew older, she gained in confidence.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③Try as he might(＝However hard he tried), he couldn't open the door.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④They did as I had asked.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤As you know, Julia is leaving soon.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The medicine is effective against ________ (癌症).
2．It is difficult to ________ (联系) these results with any recognised cause.
3．They have set a ________ (定期的，有规律的) time for vocational study to prevent distraction.
4．He was an outgoing man in his forties, smartly dressed in a ________ (套装) and tie.
5．________ (道路施工) are causing traffic jams in the city centre.
6．He was unable to hold back his ________ (怒火) and contributed to a fight.
7．The storm left a mass of ________ (毁坏) behind.
8．He said that his car had got ________ (陷入) in a traffic jam.
9．She sat there, silently annoyed at the traffic ________ (阻塞).
10．I'm ________ (恼火) by his bad manners.
11．The historical article described the major events of the ________ (十年).
12．Capital construction is under way at a couple of ________ (汽油) fields.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be annoyed at, be compared to, go up by, be addicted to, instead of, make excuses, get stuck in, traffic jam, stressed out, be related to
1．Our tense work can ____________ a battle.
2．Sometimes we choose to ____________ TV series or games to consume time.
3．____________ applying herself to her lessons, Mary spends her time building a castle in the air.
4．To find methods for success but not ____________ for failure.
5．The cab drivers who knew about the ____________ switched to another road.
6．They can sometimes ____________ unusual disease or infection.
7．Your lover may ____________ your behaviour.
8．Production ____________ 25% this month.
9．That means vehicles fitted with them will not ____________ the valley.
10．If you are ____________， strive to lessen your burden.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．You should remain modest when ________ (approach) perfection.
2．He had tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but, ________ (frighten), it had run off.
3．A man should learn ________ (suit) ways to deal with life.
4．Naomi managed to figure ________ 16 of Steve's favourite, and most personal, songs.
5．Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, ________ (compare) to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
6．You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related ________ your commitment.
7．Jack is leaving early to avoid getting ________ (stick) in traffic.
8．Who hasn't received an email so ________ (annoy) that it ruined an entire day
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Hardly could I ________________ (抑制我的愤怒) when I heard that you broke your promise.
2．With the final exam ________________ (即将来临), I am very nervous and in low spirits because I am afraid of letting my parents down.
3．The group meets ________________ (定期), usually weekly or biweekly.
4．We can't ________________(坐视不理) and watch our planet destroyed.
5．The school should create an environment that __________________________ (适合学生学习).
Section D Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．decade 2.stuck 3.jam 4.cancer 5.suit 6.traffic
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．stick; stick; stuck 2.annoy; annoyed; annoying; annoyance
3．anger; anger; angry 4.relate; relation; relative; relatively
5．regular; regularly 6.suit; suit; suitable 7.destroy; destruction; destructive 8.organisation; organ 9.pollute; pollution 10.predict; prediction
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．go downtown 2.get stuck in traffic jams 3.compared to/with... 4.go up by 5.make excuses 6.to be frank 7.be addicted to 8.ask sb. for advice 9.give up 10.a little bit 11.so what 12.on the other side of... 13.around the corner
1．在过去的十年中 2.平均…… 3.温室气体 4.多种癌症 5．与……有关联 6.代替，而不是 7.使某人保持健康 8.定期锻炼，经常锻炼 9.降低……的风险 10.采取行动(做某事) 11.无所事事 12.改善我们的环境 13.(开车)接某人
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．A 2.A 3.B 4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．compared 2.easily 3.by 4.the 5.longer 6.whether
7．to make 8.journeys 9.pollution 10.filled
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①to ②out ③stuck ④in ⑤sticking ⑥动词，坚持 ⑦名词，棍 ⑧动词，伸出
2．①with ②annoying ③annoyance ④annoyed ⑤at/about ⑥to learn ⑦annoys
3．①under ②on ③out ④stressful; stressed ⑤are stressed out
4．①in ②with ③anger ④angrier ⑤was filled with anger
⑥was angry
5．①to ②to ③relative ④related ⑤relatively
6．①irregular ②on ③on a regular basis ④hold/have regular meetings ⑤taking regular exercise
7．①suits ②suitable ③for ④is suitable for ⑤that suits me fine, too
第二版块|重要短语
1．①into ②the ③around the corner
2．①by ②sit up ③just sit around
第三版块|典型句式
1．①have seen ②has been ③have heard ④have met
⑤since ⑥have; been ⑦since ⑧have been; joined
⑨have been; every since
2．①因为你不在，所以我给你留言了。(原因状语从句)
②随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。(时间状语从句)
③他想尽了办法也没能打开门。(让步状语从句)
④他们是按照我的要求做的。(方式状语从句)
⑤你是知道的，朱莉娅马上要离开了。(定语从句)
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．cancer 2.relate 3.regular 4.suit 5.Roadworks
6．anger 7.destruction 8.stuck 9.jam 10.annoyed
11．decade 12.gas
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．be compared to 2.be addicted to 3.Instead of 4.make excuses 5.traffic jam 6.be related to 7.be annoyed at 8.goes up by 9.get stuck in 10.stressed out
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：approaching 时间状语从句中省略了you are。句意：当你趋近完美时，你应该保持谦虚。
2．答案与解析：frightened 形容词作原因状语。句意：他曾试图哄那只狗到他跟前，但它由于害怕跑掉了。
3．答案与解析：suitable 形容词作定语。句意：一个人应该学会应付生活的适当方法。
4．答案与解析：out figure out想出；弄清楚。句意：娜奥米设法想出了16首史蒂夫最喜欢、最个人化的歌曲。
5．答案与解析：compared compared to与……相比。句意：在健康状况良好的女性中，5%的人患上了失智症，而在健康状况中等的女性中，这一比例为25%，在健康状况不佳的女性中，这一比例为32%。
6．答案与解析：to be related to与……有关联。句意：你还需要判断你的动机的质量和深度。这很重要，因为它直接关系到你的承诺。
7．答案与解析：stuck get stuck in陷入……中。句意：杰克要提早出发以避免遇上堵车。
8．答案与解析：annoying 修饰名词email要用-ing形式的形容词。句意：谁没有收到过令人如此生气以至于毁了一整天的电子邮件呢？
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．hold back my anger 2.around the corner
3．on a regular basis 4.sit by
5．is suitable for students to study in
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