北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册课时作业(十二) UNIT 3 Section B Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction含答案与解析

课时作业(十二)　UNIT 3 Section B　Lesson 1　The Sixth Extinction
(分值：60分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分)
1．An unhappy home environment can ________ (影响) a child's behaviour.
2．The measures are intended to ________ (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
3．The authority determined to save the s________ to prevent them from going extinct.
4．All cars will be powered by electricity, s________ energy or wind in the future city.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．The shop sells ________ (variety) of toys that attract lots of children.
2．The number of the workers in that factory is ________ the decrease.
3．The managing director was to blame ________ the accident, although it was not really his fault.
4．What should be done to punish people who do harm to the ________ (endanger) animals
5．You should thank those who oppose you because they give you a(n) ________ (usual) opportunity for growth.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练—单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of ________ belong to one group.
2．You will mainly learn Chinese food ________ is deeply loved by Chinese people.
3．I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, ________ was a big challenge for me.
4．There is nothing we can do to help Linda, ________ circumstances are beyond our control.
5．These are the texts to be reviewed, all of ________ are intended for the coming exams.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．我们学生进行自我反思是很重要的。
________________________ we students should conduct self-reflection.
2．它的利润增长速度是一般公司的4倍。(一句多译)
①Its profits are rising __________________ those of the average company. (than)
②Its profits are rising ____________________________ those of the average company. (as... as)
3．The study (书房) is the place where I often have talks with my father.(句型转换)
→The study is the place __________________________ I often have talks with my father.
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let's go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today！” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly, Zach cried. “Zach！” Steve shouted. “Are you OK Where are you？” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope (斜坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed (嗅) the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn't come back. Steve couldn't blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn't have a clue which way to.
Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they'd just climbed. But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle's life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, the big guy，” Steve gritted his teeth (咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn't have it. The dog bullied both boys into going on. Steve had no idea how long they'd walked. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
1．What happened to Steve and Zach at first？(　　)
A．They got injured.
B．They lost their dog.
C．They were trapped.
D．They became separated.
2．Brady ran away to ________．(　　)
A．seek help B．find a way out
C．rescue Zach D．escape
3．How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans？(　　)
A．Uneasy. B．Impatient.
C．Numb. D．Uncertain.
4．The passage basically describes ________．(　　)
A．an adventure B．an exploration
C．an escape game D．a training program
B
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
5．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________．(　　)
A．started sleep more easily
B．were more anxious
C．were less active
D．woke up later
6．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text？(　　)
A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B．It can make people more energetic.
C．It exists in milk in great amount.
D．It's used in sleeping drugs.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat, Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
8．How does the author support the theme of the text？(　　)
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Savannah Phillips sat into her window seat on a United Airlines flight to Illinois. She __1__ at her seatmate. He was in his 60s and was busy texting. The words were __2__ large and the screen was bright, making it easy for Phillips to __3__ what he was tapping out：“Hey Babe, I'm sitting next to a smelly fatty.”
“It was like confirmation of the negative __4__ I think about myself per day，” the 33-year-old mother wrote in a Facebook post after the flight. Soon tears __5__ down her cheeks as she hugged the cabin wall tightly.
Sitting a row __6__ them was Chase Irwin. He could see the man's texts and Phillips. “I __7__ her looking at his phone. I was sick to my stomach. I could not have this guy sit next to her and her thinking he's __8__ her，” he told Nashville's News Channel 5.
__9__， Irwin had unfastened his seat belt and was hovering (徘徊) over the texter. “Hey, I need to talk to you，” Irwin told him. “We are __10__ seats, now.” When the texter asked __11__. Irwin said, “You're texting about her, and I'm not __12__ that.”
The texter __13__ quickly. Irwin sat beside Phillips and was soon cheering up his new seatmate.
“He encouraged me not to let that guy get to me and that everything was going to be __14__，” Phillips wrote. And he was right. She and Irwin spent the rest of the flight chatting like old friends.
With her __15__ in humanity restored, Phillips wrote on Facebook, “The flight attendant told him that he was her hero. He was mine, too.”　　　　
1．(　　)A．stared B．guessed
C．glanced D．wondered
2．(　　)A．unusually B．strongly
C．preciously D．attractively
3．(　　)A．watch B．master
C．read D．predict
4．(　　)A．effects B．things
C．characters D．actions
5．(　　)A．streamed B．jumped
C．followed D．wandered
6．(　　)A．outside B．beyond
C．across D．behind
7．(　　)A．imagined B．prevented
C．noticed D．left
8．(　　)A．getting hold of B．taking control of
C．taking advantage of D．making fun of
9．(　　)A．Instantly B．Hesitantly
C．Cautiously D．Proudly
10．(　　)A．fixing B．designing
C．switching D．cleaning
11．(　　) A．how B．why
C．when D．what
12．(　　) A．breaking up with B．putting up with
C．coming up with D．keeping up with
13．(　　) A．reacted B．replied
C．agreed D．shook
14．(　　) A．beautiful B．gone
C．possible D．fine
15．(　　) A．faith B．value
C．gratitude D．achievement
课时作业(十二)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．affect　2.restore　3.species　4.solar
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．varieties　2.on　3.for　4.endangered　5.unusual
Ⅲ.单元语法专练—单句语法填空
1．whom　2.which/that　3.which　4.whose　5.which
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换
1．It is important that　2.①four times faster than　②four times as fast as　3.in which
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Steve和Zach在森林宿营时遇到大火，他们的狗Brady竭尽全力救二人脱险的经历。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段Suddenly, Zach cried.“Zach！” Steve shouted.“Are you OK Where are you？”Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope (斜坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.可知二人分开了。
2．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知Brady凭借自己的敏锐为Steve和Zach寻找到了去河边的安全通道。
3．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段中But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated.可知Steve犹豫不决。
4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知这是一个冒险经历。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。晚上睡前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠是一个常识，那么睡前喝在夜间收集的牛奶对睡眠有哪些影响呢？让我们一起来看看研究者的新发现吧。
5．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段“Those given night milk...during daytime”可知，喝了白天挤出来的牛奶的老鼠更活跃，也很少焦虑。
6．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“...taking melatonin...at night”可知，安眠类药品里含有褪黑激素。故选D。
7．答案与解析：A　标题概括题。本文主要介绍了喝晚上挤出来的牛奶对睡眠的好处，因为晚上挤出来的牛奶中含有更多的褪黑激素，所以喝晚上挤出来的牛奶有助于睡眠，还能减轻身体负担。故A项“晚上挤出来的牛奶和睡眠”最能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选A。
8．答案与解析：D　写作手法题。本文先用睡前喝牛奶有助睡眠这一传统观点引出主题，即睡前喝晚上挤出来的牛奶不仅有助睡眠，还能减轻身体负担，然后引用了具体的研究结果来进一步论证主题，阐释观点。故选D。
Ⅵ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Savannah Phillips在飞往Illinois的飞机上，无意间看到邻座发短信称她为臭胖子，这让她感到非常痛苦。Savannah后排的乘客Irwin看到了这一切，然后将座位换到了她的旁边来鼓励她的故事。
1．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“The words were ________ large and the screen was bright”可知，Phillips瞥见了邻座手机上的信息。glance意为“瞥见”，符合语境。故选C。
2．答案与解析：A　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，男人手机的字体特别大。unusually意为“特别地，不寻常地”，符合语境。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“The words were ________ large and the screen was bright”可知，男人手机上的字体很大且屏幕很亮，因此Phillips很容易看到邻座屏幕上的字。read意为“读取”，符合语境。故选C。
4．答案与解析：B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，男人的话就像Phillips每天对自己的消极看法的证据。thing意为“事情”，符合语境。故选B。
5．答案与解析：A　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“tears”及语境可知，泪水沿着她的面颊流了下来。stream意为“流”，符合语境。故选A。
6．答案与解析：D　考查介词辨析。根据第三段第二句“He could see the man's texts and Phillips.”可推知，Irwin坐在他们后排。behind意为“在……后”，符合语境。故选D。
7．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据第三段第二句“He could see the man's texts and Phillips.”可知，Irwin注意到Phillips在看那个男人的手机。notice意为“注意到”，符合语境。故选C。
8．答案与解析：D　考查动词短语辨析。根据第一段最后一句中的“I'm sitting next to a smelly fatty”可知，那个邻座男人在嘲笑Phillips。make fun of意为“嘲笑”，符合语境。故选D。
9．答案与解析：A　考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“Irwin had unfastened his seat belt”及语境可知，Irwin立即采取了行动。instantly意为“迅速地”，符合语境。故选A。
10．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据第五段第二句中的“Irwin sat beside Phillips”可知，Irwin与男子换了座位。switch意为“交换”，符合语境。故选C。
11．答案与解析：B　考查连词辨析。根据下文中的“Irwin said，‘You're texting about her’”可知，Irwin解释了他换座位的原因。由此可推知，对方在询问Irwin换座的原因。故选B。
12．答案与解析：B　考查动词短语辨析。根据第三段最后一句中的“I could not have this guy sit next to her”可知，Irwin无法容忍这个男人的行为。put up with意为“忍受”，符合语境。故选B。
13．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Irwin sat beside Phillips”可知，那个男人同意了换座。agree意为“同意”，符合语境。故选C。
14．答案与解析：D　考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，Irwin在鼓励Phillips，一切都会好起来，fine意为“好的”，符合语境。故选D。
15．答案与解析：A　考查名词辨析。根据最后一段最后一句“He was mine, too.”可知，Irwin的举动使Phillips对人性重拾了信心。faith意为“信心”，符合语境。故选A。
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