北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册课时作业(四) UNIT 1 Section D Lesson 3 So Close, Yet So Far 含答案与解析

课时作业(四)　UNIT 1　Section D Lesson 3　So Close, Yet So Far
(分值：65.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．When the gate is raised, the water can ________ (流动) freely.
2．The problem is that ________ (百万) of people are unemployed.
3．My voice was so quiet that the shop owner had to ________ (俯身) down to hear what I said.
4．She ________ (推迟) telling him the information, waiting for the right moment.
5．The manager reminds me that the d________ for my project is next Monday.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．The kids ________ (chase) each other on the lawn and played happily.
2．Even though I'm quite a ________ (reserve) person, I like meeting people.
3．Speech is made up of sound waves that vary in frequency and ________ (intense).
4．You can ________ (bare) rely on it that the selfish guy will give you a hand when you get into trouble.
5．According to the survey conducted last week, more than half of the college students admitted having consumed ________ (alcohol) drinks.
6．Some people feel ________ (depress) and alone even if they have mobile phones in hand.
7．Nowadays students like to post updates on social media ________ (constant).
8．I just heard about her ________ (appoint) as headmaster of a key school.
9．I often forget the birthdays of my oldest ________ (mate).
10．________ (complain) about poor food in schools have become a familiar topic.
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
in reality, social networking, associate with, obsess over, chatter away
1．He always posted photos on ____________ sites while travelling.
2．I am placing my mind elsewhere when you ____________．
3．Don't ____________ such people because they may have a bad influence on you.
4．We thought he was serious but ____________ he was joking.
5．We should not ____________ our grades before the college entrance examination.
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．在我看来，他在会上说的话真令人吃惊。(名词性从句)
In my opinion, ________________________ at the meeting was really surprising.
2．不管他决定什么，他的家人都会支持他。(一句多译)
①His family are right behind him, ____________________________．
②His family are right behind him, ____________________________．
3．不要对你的老师无礼。这是不良行为。
Don't ________________________________. It is bad behaviour.
4．当埃迪站出来指责洛娜不负责任时，洛娜极想解释一下。(desperate)
Lorna ____________________________ when Eddie came forward and blamed Lorna for her irresponsibility.(读后续写—情节描写)
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War Ⅱ is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life, but more than that. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, it's not the story of Anne Frank.
This is Renia's Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box. Now it's coming to light with the help of Renia's sister and niece.
For a long time, Elizabeth didn't even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. Then suddenly one day Elizabeth got the diary and started to read it. She was totally stunned and couldn't get very far. “It was too painful to read it，” Elizabeth recalls. “I just put it in the basement and didn't think about it.”
Alexandra, Elizabeth's daughter, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As Alexandra got older, she was more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I'll explore some things from the past，” she thought.
She got the diary from its hiding place. When she read it, Alexandra was shocked. “It's the description of a wonderful girl who showed great courage in terrible times. My aunt's world comes to life as the diary shifts between a teenage girl's daily life and the war.”
Elizabeth and her daughter Alexandra are excited that the diary will be published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism (种族主义) and hate that lead to violence，” Alexandra says.
1．Why was Renia's Dairy unknown to the world for so many years？(　　)
A．The story is not as famous as Anne Frank's.
B．It was lost in the war and no one found it.
C．Alexandra was afraid to read it.
D．Renia kept it a secret.
2．What does the underlined word “stunned” mean in Paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Embarrassed. B．Bored.
C．Excited. D．Shocked.
3．Why was Alexandra so interested in Renia's Diary？(　　)
A．She was curious about her aunt's experience.
B．She wanted to comfort her mother.
C．She planned to publish her aunt's dairy.
D．She decided to prove how strong Renia was.
4．What's the best title of the passage？(　　)
A．A Girl Fighting Against the Racism and Hate
B．Renia's Diary Is to Come to Light
C．Discovering the History of a Jewish Family
D．A Jewish Family in World War Ⅱ
B
At first glance, the business world is no place for young women, as my co-founders and I have been told on many occasions. In spite of this pessimistic view of women's opportunity in business, we three college-age girls with zero experience in business started off with a highly ambitious goal: to start a seaweed farm in North Carolina, and grow as much seaweed as possible to help reduce the carbon emission (排放) and nutrient pollution from agricultural sources.
In the beginning, our ideas were either ignored or scoffed by the researchers from whom we sought help and advice. But we carried on with our research even if others wouldn't provide us with answers. We didn't dread trying to work them out ourselves. We discovered which species could grow in warmer water, and we'd identified potential markets into which we planned to sell the product. We've spent the last two years setting up the first seaweed farm in NC, applying for a patent (专利) and competing with five final teams in front of the United Nations for one million dollars.
Despite all of our efforts, many industry experts remained unwilling to take us seriously. But as often happens in business, the same characteristics we were ignored for were, in reality, our biggest competitive advantages. Our age gave us the strength to bounce back from failure, and our background as environmental scientists, rather than businesswomen, helped us find new marketing opportunities. For every 10 farmers who claimed nobody would ever want to feed their cows seaweed, we found one who was interested. For every 15 cosmetics producers who refused to answer our cold calls, we stuck to the one with an interesting idea for a seaweed lotion (乳液).
Over the course of our early business development efforts, we have had access to a wealth of resources, programs, and individuals who work constantly to help us succeed. By staying focused on bringing our ideas to light，our team has demonstrated that entrepreneurship is exactly the right place for the hopeful.
5．What was the major cause for their difficulties in starting business？(　　)
A．They were women.
B．They were young.
C．They lacked experience.
D．They suffered prejudice.
6．What did they do to make their business successful according to the passage？(　　)
A．They expanded their seaweed farms.
B．They experimented on seaweed species.
C．They got their product officially recognized.
D．They consulted the United Nations.
7．What is the third paragraph mainly about？(　　)
A．How they benefited from their weaknesses.
B．How they got others interested in seaweed.
C．How they made themselves more competitive.
D．How they approached potential customers.
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
This is so easy, inexpensive, and has always brought either of two __1__：a look of shock or a big smile. I am a cane-walking (拄着手杖走路的) senior citizen with mobility __2__， especially in cold weather but I have a sharp eye for useful bargains and since I still drive, I can do this without having to get in and out of the car to help people.
Here is how it “works”. When I see gloves, warm hats and scarves on sale (new or in good condition from a second-hand store). I buy them very __3__. If laundering (洗涤) is needed, I do it to __4__ tiny stains (污渍) so everything looks good.
I have a large basket that I keep in the passenger side of my car and I “file” these things in it, where I can easily reach over and get whatever I determine is most __5__ for someone who is without and out in the cold.
I am always __6__ of things and people around me in parking lots and along the walkways of my small hometown. But when I see someone obviously cold and without what will help them, I __7__ beside them, roll down my __8__， and ask if they will __9__ and wear all three things or whatever is needed...and then as they stare at me in __10__， I always add: “I have things right here in my __11__ to share. Please me by __12__ them to stay warm when you are outside.”
Not yet have I __13__ hostility (敌意) or felt in any danger, but since so many of the items are “cheerful” colors. I often see the persons I gave them to walking down the street. It __14__ my heart to know that my items are being used and __15__.　　　
1．(　　)A．routines B．reactions
C．outlines D．suggestions
2．(　　)A．performances B．amusement
C．addiction D．problems
3．(　　)A．cheaply B．casually
C．unwillingly D．briefly
4．(　　)A．strengthen B．increase
C．paint D．remove
5．(　　)A．specific B．useful
C．popular D．usual
6．(　　)A．positive B．short
C．careful D．fond
7．(　　)A．put down B．settle down
C．queue up D．pull up
8．(　　)A．window B．light
C．wheel D．floor
9．(　　) A．improve B．buy
C．borrow D．accept
10．(　　) A．sadness B．dishonesty
C．disbelief D．anger
11．(　　) A．mind B．bag
C．basket D．reach
12．(　　) A．wearing B．winning
C．ignoring D．folding
13．(　　) A．accounted for B．met with
C．escaped from D．kept up with
14．(　　) A．splits B．sacrifices
C．forces D．warms
15．(　　) A．examined B．appreciated
C．blamed D．guaranteed
课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．flow　2.millions　3.bend　4.delayed　5.deadline
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．chased　2.reserved　3.intensity　4.barely　5.alcoholic　6.depressed　7.constantly　8.appointment　9.mates　plaints
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．social networking　2.chatter away　3.associate with
4．in reality　5.obsess over
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．what he said　2.①whatever he decides　②no matter what he decides　3.be rude to your teacher　4.was desperate to explain
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节。为了不再重复同样类型的种族主义和仇恨所导致的暴力，这本日记在这个女孩的妹妹和外甥女的帮助下将会出版。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的This is Renia's Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box.可知这本日记被Renia秘密收藏起来了，故选D。
2．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中Elizabeth说的话“It was too painful to read it.”Elizabeth recalls.“I just put it in the basement and didn't think about it.”(“这本日记读起来太痛苦了，”Elizabeth回忆道。“我就把它放在地下室里，没有回想它。”)，可以推断她在读她姐姐的日记时应该是很震惊的，由此推测stunned意为“震惊的”，与shocked同义，故选D。
3．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段Alexandra, Elizabeth's daughter, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As Alexandra got older, she was more interested in it.“If I could read this diary, maybe I'll explore some things from the past，”she thought.(Alexandra, Elizabeth的女儿从小就知道这本锁着的日记。随着Alexandra年龄的增长，她对它越来越感兴趣。“如果我能读这本日记，也许我会探索过去的一些事情，”她想。)可知Alexandra出于自己的好奇心而对日记感兴趣，故选A。
4．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段This is Renia's Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box. Now it's coming to light with the help of Renia's sister and niece.可知Renia's Diary is to come to light符合主题思想，并且引出文章内容，适合作文章的标题，故选B。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了女性在商业领域一直饱受偏见与质疑，但是作者与她的两位女性朋友开启商界的尝试。她们一开始就立下了雄心壮志：在北卡罗来纳州建立海藻农场，尽可能多地种植海藻来减少碳排放和来自农业的营养污染。她们历经坎坷，最终得到认可。创业为心怀希望的人而存在。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中．..the business world is no place for young women, as my cofounders and I have been told on many occasions. In spite of this pessimistic view of women's opportunity in business...可知，D项正确。prejudice意为“偏见”。
6．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中But we carried on with our research even if others wouldn't provide us with answers. We didn't dread trying to work them out ourselves. We discovered which species could grow in warmer water...可知，作者及其团队通过实验与研究使得海藻种植得以成功。B项正确。
7．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第三段中But as often happens in business, the same characteristics we were ignored for were, in reality, our biggest competitive advantages. Our age..., and our background...可知，在商界我们因为年轻和环境科学家背景的特点而被忽视，但是这些弱点恰恰是我们的竞争优势，所以A选项正确。
Ⅵ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个行动不便靠拐杖行走的老人。但这并没有影响作者去帮助别人。作者对有用的便宜货有着敏锐的眼光，会用很低的价格把它们买回来。作者开车时会留意道路上行走的人，如果有人看起来很冷且身上没有御寒物品，作者会问他们是否需要帮助，并把自己准备好的物品提供给他们。作者使路人很暖心，自己也感到很温暖，很高兴。
1．答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很简单，也不贵，而且总是会带来两种反应中的任何一种：震惊的表情或灿烂的笑容。routine 路线；reaction 反应；outline 外形，轮廓；suggestion 建议。由a look of shock of a big smile可知，这是两种反应。故选B项。
2．答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个靠拐杖走路的老人，我行动不便，尤其是在寒冷的天气里。但我对有用的便宜货有着敏锐的眼光。因为我开车，所以我不用上下车就可以做这件事来帮助别人。performance 表演；amusement 娱乐；addiction 上瘾；problem 问题。由a canewalking(拄着手杖走路的)senior citizen可知，作者行动不便。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：……我会非常便宜地把它们买回来。cheaply 便宜地；casually 随意地；unwillingly 不愿意地；briefly 简洁地。由new or in good condition from a secondhand store可知，这东西或者是新的或者是在二手商店买的质量较好的东西。所以作者会以低廉的价格把它们买回来。故选A项。
4．答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果(衣物)需要洗的话，我会洗掉细小的污渍，这样每一件东西看起来都不错。strengthen 加强；increase 增加；paint 画；remove 清除。作者洗衣物的目的是除去污渍。故选D项。
5．答案与解析：B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一个大篮子，我把它放在车的乘客一侧，我把这些东西“归档”在里面，这样我就可以很容易地从里面伸手去拿我认为对身处寒冷户外的人最有用的且其手里没有的东西。specific 具体的；useful 有用的；popular 流行的；usual 平常的。由someone who is without and out in the cold可知，作者所准备的东西对那些身处户外的人最有用处。故选B项。
6．答案与解析：C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在停车场和我家乡的小镇的人行道上，我总是留意着周围的人和物。positive 积极的；short 短的；careful 小心的；fond 喜欢的。作者很留意周围的人和物以便向别人提供帮助。故选C项。
7．答案与解析：D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，当我看到有人明显很冷，没有什么可以帮助他们的时候，我就把车停在他们旁边，摇下车窗，问他们是否愿意接受并穿上这三样东西，或者他们需要的任何东西……当他们难以置信地盯着我看时，我总是补充说：“我的篮子里刚好有可以分享的东西……”。put down 放下；settle down 平静下来；queue up 排队；pull up 停车。作者停下车，才能帮助其他人。故选D项。
8．答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。window 窗户；light 光；wheel 轮子；floor 地板。作者停下车，摇下车窗，才能问路人是否需要帮助。故选A项。
9．答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。improve 提高；buy 买；borrow 借；accept 接受。由ask if they will可知，作者在看到路人需要帮助时，首先要问问路人是否愿意接受他的帮助。故选D项。
10．答案与解析：C　考查名词词义辨析。sadness 悲伤；dishonesty 不诚实；disbelief 不相信；anger 生气。由stare at me可知，路人难以置信地盯着作者看，不相信自己会得到别人的帮助。故选C项。
11．答案与解析：C　考查名词词义辨析。mind 思维；bag 包；basket 篮子；reach 波及范围。由第三段开头I have a large basket可知，作者篮子里的东西是要与别人分享的东西。故选C项。
12．答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：你们在户外穿着我给的衣服感觉暖和，这让我高兴。wear 穿；win 赢得；ignore 忽略；fold 折叠。由to stay warm when you are outside可知，被帮助的人在户外穿着作者所提供的衣服使他们暖和了，这也让作者很高兴。故选A项。
13．答案与解析：B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我还没有遇到有敌意的状况，也没有感觉到有什么危险，但是由于很多东西都是“喜庆”的颜色，我经常看到我帮助的人们走在大街上。account for解释；meet with遇到；escape from从……逃跑；keep up with跟上。故选B项。
14．答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：得知我的物品正被人使用和感激，我的心都暖和起来了。split 分裂；sacrifice 牺牲；force 强迫；warm 使暖和。由stay warm可知，作者的举动温暖了别人，也温暖了自己的心。故选D项。
15．答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。examine 检查；appreciate 感激；blame 责备；guarantee 保证。作者得知自己的物品正在被人使用和被感激，这温暖了作者的心，作者觉得自己做的事情很值得。故选B项。
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