外研版高中英语必修第三册课时作业(四)Unit 2 Part Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas含答案

课时作业(四)　Unit 2 Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
(分值：87分)
层级一　语言知识训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，满分10分)
1．This has led companies and individuals to ________ (捐赠) money to developing countries to ensure computer equipment and Internet facilities.
答案：donate
2．He drank more water at the ________ (喷水池) in the fence and began the long walk to his home.
答案：fountain
3．You very carefully take those metals, plastics and try to ________ (回收利用) each one of them apart．
答案：recycle
4．How much duty you make to your ________ (基金会) is dependent on you and only you.
答案：foundation
5．The ________ (好处) which the reservoir (水库)brings to the annoyed villagers is not limited to agriculture.
答案：benefit
6．Great books are those that weave the best materials on which the humankind can work in order to gain ________(顿悟), understanding and wisdom.
答案：insight
7．Patience and ________ (坚持不懈) have a core effect before which difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish (消失).
答案：perseverance
8．He was awarded a prize for his ________(贡献)to boxing.
答案：contribution
9．Keeping a diary in English is one of the ________ (有效的) strategies to improve our English writing ability.
答案：effective
10．After puberty, the body's ________ (内部的) clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to adjust to falling asleep before 11 p．m.
答案：internal
Ⅱ.短语填空(每空2分，满分16分)
under control, be determined to, be grateful to, turn out, make a difference to, continue to do, in need of, benefit from
1．My family think they know a lot about me but I ____________ to be a little different from what they think.
答案：turn out
2．It's hard to measure the importance of good manners. Sometimes it can ____________ one's life.
答案：make a difference to
3．From 650 BC to 323 BC the Greek civilization made advances in various fields that have influenced the world ever since and will ____________ so.
答案：continue to do
4．The fire was so big that it was several hours before firefighters could get it ____________．
答案：under control
5．If you could take some time to make changes to my résumé (简历), I would ____________ you.
答案：be grateful to
6．Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students ____________ financial aid.
答案：in need of
7．It'll be our great privilege (荣幸) to ____________ your expertise in health care.
答案：benefit from
8．Someone who is stubborn ____________ do what they want and is unwilling to change their mind.
答案：is determined to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空(每空1分，满分10分)
1．The loss of big trees was the greatest concern in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water ________ (short).
答案：shortage
解析：考查名词。句意：在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失是最大的担心。water在此处作定语，后面跟名词形式。water shortage缺水。
2．The majority of people are ________ (effect) speakers because they train to be.
答案：effective
解析：句意：大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们单独受过训练。speakers为名词，前面需用形容词修饰，作定语。
3．The blood ________ (donate) saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would ensure to donate blood as regularly as he could.
答案：donation
解析：考查名词。句意：献血挽救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就保证尽可能地定期献血。blood为定语，后面跟名词，blood donation献血。
4．Some teachers were honored for their devotion and ________ (contribute) to teaching.
答案：contribution
解析：句意：一些老师因为他们对教学的奉献和贡献而受到表彰。分析句子结构， and连接两个并列的名词，故填contribution。
5．I approve of your trying ________ (earn) some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
答案：to earn/earning
解析：句意：我赞成你努力挣钱/试着挣钱，但是请不要荒废学业。try to do sth.努力做某事， try doing sth.试着做某事，故填to earn/earning。
6．In tonight's Easter special, they come to help out a family in need of some delicious ________ (inspire) on a budget.
答案：inspiration
解析：考查名词。句意：在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们帮助了一个在预算上需要一些灵感的家庭。delicious为形容词，后面跟名词。
7．All through growing up I was never an ________ (attract) person. I was overweight and annoyed.
答案：attractive
解析：考查形容词。句意：从小到大，我从来都不是一个有吸引力的人。我超重了，还很烦恼。person为名词，前面需要形容词修饰。
8．Much ________ my relief, my mother recovered after the accident.
答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：让我颇为欣慰的是，我妈妈在这次意外事故后康复了。to one's relief意为“令某人感到欣慰的是”，故本空应填介词to。
9．What was once regarded as tangled has now become a ________ (real).
答案：reality
解析：考查名词。句意：曾经被认为是复杂的事情现在变成了现实。become a reality意为“变成现实”。
10．One day, the potter forgot to take the rope by accident, with ________ he tied the donkey every day.
答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一天，陶工意外地忘了带那根他每天用来拴驴的绳子。本空在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，故应用关系代词which。
Ⅳ.熟词生义(每空2分，满分8分)
根据句子提供的语境及语意选择与句中黑体词相符合的词性和词义。
1．I am very pleased to accept this contribution from warmhearted people.
A．n. a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization
B．n. an action or a service that helps to cause or increase sth.
________________
答案：A
2．As a teacher, she had earned the respect of her students.
A．vt. to get sth. that you deserve (应得)
B．vt. to get money for work that you do
________________
答案：A
3．Reading books is a great way to build up your own fund of knowledge on a wide range of subjects.
A．vt. to provide money for sth.
B．n. an amount or a supply of sth.
________________
答案：B
4．Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter, and agricultural equipment.
A.n. the feeling of happiness when sth. unpleasant stops
B．n. sth. that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster
________________
答案：B
Ⅴ.完成句子(每空2分，满分8分)
1．这个小男孩太小了以至于在表达自我方面有困难。(have trouble doing sth.)
The little boy is so young that he ________________________________．
答案：has trouble expressing himself
2．他从小的梦想是成为一个像Michael Jordan一样伟大的篮球运动员。(不定式作表语)
His dream since childhood has been ____________________________ like Michael Jordan.
答案：to become a great basketball player
3．首先，互联网给我们提供了一种更加方便、高效的方式，通过这种方式我们能够处理很多日常事务。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句)
First of all, the Internet provides us with a more convenient and efficient means ______________ lots of daily affairs.
答案：by which we can address
4．这本以真实故事为依据的书会让你感动得流泪。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
The book ______________________________ can move you to tears.
答案：based on a true story
Ⅵ.课文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Sixyearold Canadian schoolboy Ryan had trouble believing that many people in 1.________ (develop) African countries couldn't get enough clean water. So, Ryan decided 2.________ (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He 3.________ (clean) windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours, reaching his first target of $70 soon. But he 4.________ (tell) that $70 wasn't enough for a well. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded 5.________ (they) to donate money. At 6.________ same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000, with 7.________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school were grateful 8.________ him and invited him to visit. He 9.________ (real) had made a difference for these children.
Later, Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 10.________ (inspire) people gave him their support. Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the lifechanging gift of clean, safe water.
1．答案：developing
解析：考查形容词。句意：6岁的加拿大小学生瑞安很难相信在非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的干净的水。本空修饰African countries，根据句意可知，应用形容词developing“发展中的”。
2．答案：to earn
解析：考查不定式。句意：所以，瑞安决定赚钱在非洲某个地方建一口井。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，故本空应用不定式。
3．答案：cleaned
解析：考查时态。句意：他为家人和邻居擦窗户，做园艺，很快就达到了他第一个70美元的目标。根据空格后的动词did可知，本空应用过去式。
4．答案：was told
解析：考查时态及语态。句意：但是他被告知，70美元不够一口井。根据前后句时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主句主语he和动词tell之间为被动关系，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．答案：them
解析：考查代词。句意：他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。本空在句中作动词persuaded的宾语，故应用代词宾格。
6．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：与此同时，瑞安母亲的一位朋友帮助让他的故事为公众所知。at the same time意为“同时，与此同时”，故本空应用定冠词the。
7．答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。本空在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，故应用关系代词which。
8．答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：这个学校的学生很感激他，并且邀请他来参观。be grateful to sb.意为“感激某人”，故本空应用介词to。
9．答案：really
解析：考查副词。句意：他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。本空修饰动词，故应用副词really。
10．答案：inspired
解析：考查过去分词。句意：许多受到激励的人给予他支持。本空修饰名词people，故应用inspired作定语。
层级二　语言能力训练
阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
“I've done such a good job of pretending to be an outgoing person that friends and family are shocked when I tell them I'm not.” Ever since she was a teen, Amanda would adopt the behaviours of the people around her to fit in, while hiding her true personality. And sometimes it was hard to tell who was actually the real Amanda．
This is Social Masking, the process of covering your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. Social Maskers aren't trying to cheat anyone ; rather, they are hoping to blend__in with everybody else. “Social Masking is a learned set of patternmatching behaviours，movements and actions where you follow other's suit to fit in rather than stand out，” explains psychotherapist Dipti Tait.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on these Social Masking behaviours. “Social Masking happens because we want to fit in，” says Tait. The mask is a protection against our selfdoubt. However, according to psychologist QuinnCirillo, social media may have made it even harder to be ourselves. She notes that it gives us set images and videos that make us believe this is how we should be. It strengthens the belief that you are not good enough as you are and breaks down your confidence over time. The more Amanda masked, the more she would lose faith.
So how can you break the cycle Getting rid of the mask involves working to improve your selfworth, selfbelief and selfrespect. Once you hear those damaging thoughts that tell you it's not OK to be yourself, take action and stop it. Doing this repeatedly over a period gives those selfdefeating thoughts less power and improves your selfbelief.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Social Masking现象，建议摘掉社交面具，让我们重获信心。
1．Why does the author mention Amanda in paragraph 1？(　　)
A．To tell a story.
B．To give an example.
C．To introduce the topic.
D．To provide background information.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“This is Social Masking, the process of covering your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.”可知，作者在第一段提到Amanda是为了引出文章的话题——社交面具。故选C项。
2．What can replace the underlined words “blend in” in paragraph 2？(　　)
A．Break up. B．Come along.
C．Put up. D．Get along.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句“This is Social Masking, the process of covering your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. Social Maskers aren't trying to cheat anyone; rather, they are hoping to blend in with everybody else.”可知，画线词的意思是“相处，进展”，与get along同义。故选D项。
3．What is QuinnCirillo's attitude to Social Masking？(　　)
A．Unconcerned. B．Approving.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“However, according to psychologist QuinnCirillo, social media may have made it even harder to be ourselves.”可知， QuinnCirillo对Social Masking的态度是“反对的”。故选D项。
4．What is the author's advice on removing social masks？(　　)
A．Regaining confidence.
B．Doing exercise regularly.
C．Turning to a professional.
D．Engaging in social activities.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Getting rid of the mask involves working to improve your selfworth, selfbelief and selfrespect.”和最后一句“Doing this repeatedly over a period gives those selfdefeating thoughts less power and improves your selfbelief.”可知，针对摘掉社交面具的建议是“重获信心”。故选A项。
B
Our teenagers are lonely. A study by Harvard's Making Caring Common (MCC) shows how that feeling has been common and become serious during the past years when we had to keep social distance. Teenagers have been more likely to be influenced by loneliness than adults. Online learning and life in the bedrooms rather than the classrooms or dorm rooms for a long period of time can make teenagers feel lonelier than before.
Experiencing loneliness is certainly sad, and it is also perilous. Researchers found that 63% of 18to 24yearolds were suffering from bad sleep, anxiety, and poor health during the lockdown (活动限制) and that nearly a quarter had got into some bad habits, including smoking, drinking and staying up late to deal with their feelings.
About half of the young people in the study, who said they had felt lonely, explained that over the past weeks not one person had taken more than just a few minutes to ask how they had been lately. It made them feel they had no one who really cared about them. Their parents thought they had much free time after lessons and it seemed that their parents only worried whether they could perform their schoolwork at the level they once did. Parents didn't know the problem.
Sian Leah Beilock, the president of Barnard College, explains that young people depend on social media, which makes them especially vulnerable (易受伤害的) to social media's harm. She also suggests that fewer close friends in real life may explain some of the feelings of loneliness. She reports that in 1985 the average American had three close friends with whom they could share important things about their lives. By 2004, that number had dropped to just two friends. And by 2019, one in five millennials (千禧一代) had had no friends at all.
These levels of loneliness are heartbreaking. MCC suggests, as a nation, we first should focus on teaching the young to make meaningful connections between people and support them.
【语篇解读】　哈佛大学MCC的一项新研究表明，长期居家学习和生活导致青少年的孤独感加剧。
5．What does MCC's study show？(　　)
A．Every teenager has moments of loneliness.
B．Parentchild communication becomes less.
C．Teenagers care too much about others' opinions.
D.The lockdown lifestyle increases teenagers' loneliness.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由题干中的MCC's study定位至文章第一段。MCC的研究发现，长期远离教室和宿舍，居家学习和生活，让青少年孤独感加剧。由此可知D项与文意相符。
6．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 2 probably mean？(　　)
A．Helpful. B．Specific.
C．Dangerous. D．Impressive.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，孤独的青少年会睡得不好、焦虑、健康状况差，并且开始养成抽烟、喝酒以及熬夜的坏习惯，由此可推知，感到孤独不仅难受还很危险。故perilous与dangerous意思相近，故选C项。
7．What can we infer about the young people in the study？(　　)
A．Their parents misunderstood them.
B．They found their schoolwork heavy.
C．They needed more care and attention.
D．Their online courses made them bored.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究中的青少年认为没人真正关心他们，父母也只关注他们在学业上的表现。由此可推知，他们需要更多的关心和关注。
8．Which of the following may Sian Leah Beilock agree with？(　　)
A．Teenagers are short of outdoor exercise.
B.Teenagers need to develop close relationships online.
C．Teenagers should make more close friends in real life.
D.Teenagers should avoid sharing important things online.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Sian Leah Beilock认为现在青少年的社交活动依赖网络，他们的孤独感源于缺乏亲密好友。由此可推知，她赞成青少年应在现实生活中多结交亲密朋友的观点。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)