(共136张PPT)
Part Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 起草，草拟
②____________ n. (科学)实验
③________ n. 金属
④________ n. 记述，描述
⑤________ v. 传导(热、电)
⑥________ n．科学→________ adj.科学(上)的→________ n．科学家
draft
experiment
metal
account
conduct
science
scientific
scientist
⑦________ adj.全部的，整个的→________ adv.完全地，彻底地
⑧declare v．宣布→________ n．声明，宣告
⑨________ v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.附属的；依恋的→attachment n．附件，依恋
⑩________ n．证明，证据→prove v．证明
________ n．虚构的事，想象的事→fictional adj.虚构的
entire
entirely
declaration
attach
proof
fiction
2．低频词汇知其意
( )①lightning A．n.重力，引力
( )②flash B．n.闪电
( )③gravity C．n.闪光
B
C
A
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 依附于；依恋
2．________________ 把……系到……
3．________________ 和……一起
4．________________ 死于……
5．________________ 提出
6．apart from ________________
7．electric shock ________________
8．approach to (doing) sth. ________________
be attached to
tie...to...
along with
die from
come up with
除了……
触电，电击
(做)某事的方法
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that引导的表语从句
这位美国开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的故事可谓家喻户晓。
The wellknown story is _________________________________．
2．with的复合结构
他在风筝上绑上了一根绳子，然后将其放高。
He raised the kite ________________________________．
that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752
with a piece of string tied to it
3．“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语
数代学生都叹服于他(富兰克林)的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。
_____________________________________________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
4．虚拟语气
但是科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙，他肯定就死于电击了。
But scientists all agree that _______________________________．
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed
if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock
5．名词＋along with＋名词作主语
富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起，激励并教导我们科学实验对于确定真相并为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。
_______________________________________ us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired
6．neither...nor...
然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。
However, ________ the story ________ the details of the experiment are entirely true.
neither
nor
7．while引导让步状语从句；that引导同位语从句
事实上，不止一次记载表明，尽管牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸中了他的头部。
In fact, more than one account suggests that
_________________________________________， there is no proof ____________________．
while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling appl
that it hit him on the head
8．部分否定；even if引导的让步状语从句
我们不要总是相信我们读到的或听到的，即使它是一个精彩的故事。
We should ________________ believe everything we read or hear—____________________．
not always
even if it is a great story
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
Franklin's famous experiment
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be ①________．
How did the experiment happen？
People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by ②________ or something else. Franklin raised a ③________ with a piece of string tied to it during a storm and a ④________ key was attached to the string. The experiment proved that ⑤________ was a form of electricity.
fiction
electricity
kite
metal
lightning
The effect of the experiment
The story ⑥________ been taught in schools for many years and it has influenced many people.
Are the stories of Franklin and Newton true
The stories are not ⑦________ true but people have been more ⑧________ by scientists' ⑨________ than by the ⑩________．
has
entirely
inspired
spirit
facts
2．The main idea of the passage is whether the story of
________________ is true or not.
Franklin's experiment
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Franklin's opinion about science.
B．The purpose and process of Franklin's experiment.
C. People's different opinions on lightning.
D．The role of the metal key.
√
2．For many years, we learn from the story of Franklin's experiment EXCEPT that ________．
A．the method of Franklin's experiment is safe
B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment
C. scientific experiments are important to the truth
D．the method of Franklin's experiment is scientific
√
3．What are people inspired by in Franklin's story
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touch on the metal key.
√
4．What's the author's attitude towards the story of Franklin's experiment
A．Doubtful.
B．Curious.
C．Supportive.
D．Not mentioned.
√
5．What is TRUE about Newton's story
A．The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton's head.
B．Scientists like to question everything around them.
C．Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于查明真相与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
2.
虽然，已经证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
3.
但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
4.
不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to describe the mood.
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
[词汇积累]
①experiment /Ik'sperIm nt/
n．(科学)实验
②lightning /'laItnI /n.闪电
③fiction /'fIk ( )n/n.虚构的事，想象的事
④instead of而不是；代替
⑤the American Founding Father and scientist
美国开国元勋兼科学家(指一个人)
the teacher and writer老师兼作家
⑥fly a kite放风筝
⑦raise the kite升起风筝
⑧a piece of string一条绳子
⑨tie...to...把……系在……
⑩metal /'metl/n.金属
attach/ 't t /v.系，绑；贴
be attached to附属于……
flash /fl /n.闪光
conduct /k n'd kt/v.传导(热、电)
an electric shock电击
a form of ……的一种形式
be amazed by对……感到惊讶
bravery n．勇敢，英勇
approach n. & v．方法；途径，靠近，临近
an approach to doing sth.做某事的方法
along with和……；与……一起
inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励
inspire sb.to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事
scientific / saI n'tIfIk/
adj.科学(上)的
science n．科学
scientist n．科学家
establish v．建立
contribute v．投稿；捐献
contribute to有利于；促成
discovery n．发现
make a discovery做出发现
neither... nor... 既不……也不……
entirely /In'taI li/
adv.完全地，彻底地
although conj.虽然，尽管(不与but连用)
question v．质疑
actually adv.实际上；事实上
die from死于……(外因)
lead sb. to do sth.促使某人做某事
come up with想出
gravity /'gr vIti/ n．重力，引力
the theory of gravity万有引力定律
account / 'ka nt/ n．记述，描述
proof /pru f/ n．证明，证据
admittedly adv.诚然，公认地
scientific exploration科学探索
[教材原文]
FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT：How Much Is True
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment① with lightning② has introduced generations of children to science【1】. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
【1】此句中的has introduced为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或动作一直持续到现在。
The wellknown story is that the American Founding Father and scientist⑤ flew a kite⑥ during a storm in 1752【2】. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite⑦ with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it【3】. A metal⑩ key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock . This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
【2】本句为that引导的表语从句，其中The wellknown story是主语，is是系动词。
【3】此处为with的复合结构，其基本结构为：with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词等。
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth【4】. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions【5】．
【4】more than one不止一个，其引导的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【5】当along with(as well as, but, except, together with等)连接几个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true【6】. Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place【7】， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock【8】．
【6】neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数采用“就近原则”。
【7】本句为Although引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。
【8】本句为虚拟语气，if引导的虚拟条件句是对过去的假设，从句部分采用过去完成时，而主句部分采用“would/should/could/might＋have done”形式。
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity . In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof hat it hit him on the head【9】．
【9】本句为that引导的宾语从句，由于此处suggest表示“表明”之意，故从句部分不用should do结构。
Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
[课文译文]
富兰克林的实验：
有多少是真实的？
本杰明·富兰克林著名的闪电实验让几代孩子接触到了科学。然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，而不是事实。
这个众所周知的故事是美国的开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝。那时，不少人对电很感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的是由电产生的，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他用一根绳子系住风筝，把风筝放上天。在绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传到钥匙上。富兰克林随即用手指触摸钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真相的科学方法感到惊讶。富兰克林和许多其他科学家一起，激励并教导我们，科学实验对于查明真相与推动科学发现和发明而言都至关重要。
然而，这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。虽然已经证明富兰克林的实验确实发生过，但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。关于绳子和钥匙的细节是真实的。但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的摸到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常质疑已被接受的观点，因为他们想要确立事实。有些人甚至质疑关于苹果落在牛顿头上并导致他提出万有引力定律的故事。事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿肯定是受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果击中了他的头部。
诚然，故事往往比事实更有趣。富兰克林的科学探索精神比事实本身更能鼓舞人们。但在科学领域，事实应该通过实验和研究来证明，我们不应该总是相信我们读到或听到的一切——即使它是一个很棒的故事。
1)declaration n．声明，宣告)
(教材原句)Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence.本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是美国的开国元勋之一，他帮助起草了《独立宣言》。
The company made a declaration of intention to follow an equal opportunities policy.
公司作出计划遵守机会均等政策的声明。
It is declared that there will be no class this afternoon.
(学校)宣布今天下午不上课。
[考点归纳]
(1)declaration n. 声明；宣告，宣言，宣布
issue/sign a declaration 发布/签署公告
(2)declare v. 宣布；声明
declare against 声明反对
declare for 宣布支持
declare war on 对……宣战
declare that... 宣布/表明……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/熟词生义
①If we declare war ________ climate change, then yes, we can do it.
②All four countries have adopted the ________ (declare) against hunting rare animals.
③典礼一宣布开始，我们学校所有的学生就欢呼起来。
(应用文之活动介绍)Immediately the ceremony ________________， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
④All income must be declared.(declare vt.________)
on
declaration
was declared open
申报
2)attach v．系，绑；贴)
(教材原句)A metal key was attached to the string.
在绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。
(应用文之环境保护)More and more people attach great significance to protecting the environment.
越来越多的人重视保护环境。
[考点归纳]
(1)attach sth. to sth. 把……附在……之上
attach oneself to 参加；依附
attach importance to 重视
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋
be attached to sb./sth. 依恋/附属于/爱慕某人/某物
(3)attachment n. 附件；喜爱；连接
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①More and more people are beginning to attach importance to ________ (live) a low carbon (低碳) life.
②With a label ________(attach) to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognise their own luggage.
③Don't forget to check that your ________ (attach) is actually ________ (attach) to the email.
living
attached
attachment
attached
④The company ________________________ (非常重视) technical innovation.
⑤There is a middle school ____________________ (附属于) the institute.
attaches great importance to
attached to
3)account n.记述，描述，论述，解释，说明，账户)
(教材原句)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿肯定受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果击中了他的头部。
I believe this is a very good account of what happened.
我相信这对发生的情况作了很好的描述。
On no account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.
我无论遇到什么困难都绝不放弃。
The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.
新技术的应用和电影明星的广泛吸引力也可能是增长的原因。
[考点归纳]
give (sb.) an account of (向某人)描述……
open/close an account 开立/结清账户
take...into account/take account of 考虑到，顾及
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子
用部分倒装语序)
account for 是……的原因；解释；占
(一定数量或比例)
[即学即练] 写出下列句中account的词性及含义/句型转换/单句语法填空
①The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.________
②Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.________
③We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.________
n.报道
n.账户
vt.认为
④Visitors are on no account allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
→On no account ________________ to feed animals in the wildlife park.
⑤(应用文之劝慰信)Too much pressure may account ________ your recent low efficiency in study.
⑥(应用文之建议信)When choosing your major, you need to take your interests and career plans ________ account.
are visitors allowed
for
into
4)conduct v．传导(热、电)；实施；带领；指挥；表现 conductor n．指挥；售票员；列车长；导体)
Copper conducts electricity well.铜的导电性能好。
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
为了测试社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful.安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
[考点归纳]
conduct electricity/heat 导电/热
conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview进行调查/实验/面试
conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/合唱团
conduct oneself 表现；举止
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中conduct的含义
①The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.________
②The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.________
③This concert was conducted by a famous conductor from Vienna.________
④The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money to conduct the research.________
表现
带领
指挥
实施
5)(教材原句)However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.,然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。)
[句式解构]
(1)本句是简单句，句中neither...nor...结构连接并列主语，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。
(2)neither...nor...结构也可连接其他句子成分，表示对两者的全部否定，意为“既不……也不……”。
(应用文之建议信)Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能实现目标。
Neither my classmates nor I was punished by our teacher.
我和我的同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The disagreement was so sharp that neither he ________ I knew how to settle it.
②Either the couple who have done lots of scientific researches or Professor Smith ________ (deserve) the honor.
③不仅他而且他所有的同学都把这个理论牢记在心。
____________________________________ the theory in mind.
nor
deserves
Not only he but also all his classmates have kept
6)(教材原句)Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起，激励并教导我们科学实验对于确定真相并为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。)
[句式解构] along with与……一起；随着，随同
本句是一个复合句，has inspired和taught是并列谓语动词；that引导宾语从句。主句谓语动词的单复数和along with...短语前的名词Franklin保持一致，用单数形式，这就是主谓一致的“就远原则”，常用于这种原则的短语有：as well as、with、together with、like、rather than、except、but、including、besides、in addition to等。
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
史密斯教授和他的助手们正夜以继日地做这个项目以如期完成。
(应用文之旅游)I, along with my parents, am taking a flight to set off for Sanya on the first day.
第一天，我和我的父母一起坐飞机出发去三亚。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①My father along with his workmates ________ (have) already gone to Beijing.
②In the 18th century art, along with music and poetry, ________ (see) as something inspiring.
③By now, Jim with his classmates ________ (see) the film in the People's Cinema.
④The parent rather than his children ________ (be) to blame.
⑤In recent years store shopping exists ________________ (和……并存) home shopping.
has
was seen
has seen
is
along with
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I suffered from ________ (精神的) illness and depression when I was younger, and it totally affected my teenage years.
2．The task requires ______________ (非凡的) patience and endurance.
3．Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a ________ (才华横溢的) poet.
4．Many words in the English language are French in ________ (起源).
5．As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so ________ (重要的).
mental
extraordinary
brilliant
origin
significant
6．The report presents a faithful ________ (记述) of the event.
7．Don't forget to ________ (贴) a recent photograph to your application form.
8．How did the monkeys get their reward in the ________ (实验)
9．You should follow the normal ________ (程序) or you will go wrong.
10．For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero ________ (重力), and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案).
account
attach
experiment
procedure
gravity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The American ________ (declare) of war in 1917 turned the scales against Germany.
2．For many students Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also ________ (entire) necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
3．________ (science) theories must be based on facts.
4．They questioned the ________ (accurate) of the information in the file.
declaration
entirely
Scientific
accuracy
5．It is of great ________ (significant) to promote the Belt and Road cooperation with related countries.
6．I have grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
7．In modern man, the brain accounts ________ about 2%～3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
8．The room still has many of its ________ (origin) features.
9．A war ________ (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning.
10．Now doctors believe they have cured him ________ the disease.
significance
mentally
for
original
injury
of
Ⅲ.短语填空
beyond recognition，for instance，to date，name after，due to，along with，take place，come up with
1．The baby's mother escaped from the fire ____________ two other children.
2．The scientists are beating their brains trying to ____________ a solution to the problem.
3．Great men have often risen from poverty, ____________， Lincoln and Edison.
along with
come up with
for instance
4．The meeting will ____________ as planned.
5．____________， I have not received news from him.
6．When he came back to his hometown, he found it had changed ________________．
7．The businessman's success was largely _____ his excellent judgment.
8．The bridge ________________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
take place
To date
beyond recognition
due to
was named after
1．The missions will be discussed at a summit of EU leaders next month and laws could be ________ (起草) some time after that.
2．The reality is that ________ (闪电) is a far greater killer than sharks, at least in the United States.
3．The author has made a great achievement in writing science ________ (小说).
答案：drafted
答案：lightning
答案：fiction
4．Most plastics do not effectively ________ (传导) electricity.
5．Galileo made a great contribution to the study of ________ (引力).
6．For all the feelings readers ________ (使与……有关联) to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to obtain.
答案：conduct
答案：gravity
答案：attach
7．This is not standard ________ (程序) but this is why I love my knighthood.
8．________ (金属) products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to recycle these again without throwing them away.
答案：procedure
答案：Metal
9．Although the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no major _____(证据) about it, they could not arrest him.
10．The report presents a faithful ________ (记述) of the treatment.
答案：proof
答案：account
Ⅱ.短语填空(每空2分，满分16分)
apart from, focus on, be attached to, a form of, along with, in order to, die from, in fact
1．We want to assure you that all activities would ___________ learning while providing fun for those to take part in the program.
2．____________ the gift came the message from my father that he would come and stay with me for Christmas.
答案：focus on
答案：Along with
3．____________ get convincing evidence, researchers have analyzed the genes of more than 200 breast cancer patients in Chicago.
4．Don't always think you yourself are superior to the others; ____________， you are just an ordinary person.
答案：In order to
答案：in fact
5．____________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.
6．What I think counts most is that equal significance should ____________ afterschool activities.
答案：Apart from
答案：be attached to
7．What's more, doing housework can be ____________ mental relaxation from study.
8．It is reported that about 5 million people all over the world ____________ diseases related to smoking each year.
答案：a form of
答案：die from
Ⅲ.单句语法填空(每空1分，满分10分)
1．They encourage teachers to make an ________ (introduce) of more advanced audiovisual teaching assistances.
答案：introduction
解析：考查名词。句意：他们鼓励教师引进更先进的视听辅助教材。考查名词，an为不定冠词，后面跟单数名词。
2．Those chief leaders made a ________ (declare) on the concerned issues, which was considered to open a new era of economic development of the world.
答案：declaration
解析：考查名词。句意：那些最高级别的领导人就有关问题发表了一项宣言，这被认为开创了世界经济发展的新时代。make a declaration on就……发表宣言。
3．It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and ________ (science) achievement.
答案：scientific
解析：考查形容词。句意：部分原因是他的作品受益于社会、政治和科学的成就。achievement为名词，前面需要形容词作定语。
4．He made great achievement in researching the material that ________ (conduct) electricity.
答案：conducts
解析：考查动词。句意：他在研究导电材料方面取得了巨大成就。
5．What is a relief for one person may be stressful for another; each of us responds to stress in an ________ (entire) different way.
答案：entirely
解析：考查副词。句意：一个人感到轻松的事情，另一个人可能感觉有压力；我们每个人应对压力的方式也完全不同。different为形容词，前面需要副词修饰。
6．Only recently, however, have they come up with ________ (prove) that sensitive brains work this way.
答案：proof
解析：考查名词。句意：但是就在最近，他们拿出证据证明敏感的大脑就是这样工作的。with为介词，后面可跟名词作宾语。
7．I found it ________ (accept) to aid to let go of my stress so that I followed the advice.
答案：acceptable
解析：考查形容词。句意：我发现这个建议可以接受，能帮助舒缓我的压力，所以我就听从了。acceptable在此作宾语补足语。
8．I have grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past temporary few years.
答案：mentally
解析：考查副词。句意：在过去短暂的几年里，我不仅在身体上而且在思想上成长了。本空和副词physically共同修饰动词grown，故本空应用副词mentally“精神上，思想上”。
9．The military still has many of its ________ (origin) features.
答案：original
解析：考查形容词。句意：这个军队还保留着许多最初的特点。本空修饰名词features，故应用形容词original“最初的，原先的”。
10．A drug ________ (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning.
答案：injury
解析：考查名词。句意：一次药物伤害使他的左手失去了功能。本空在句中作主语，故应用名词injury “(对躯体的)伤害，损伤”。
Ⅳ.熟词生义(每空2分，满分10分)
根据句子提供的语境及语意选择与句中黑体词相符合的词性和词义。
1．Tears streamed down her face when Mary heard about the bad news.
A．vi.to produce a continuous flow of liquid
B. n. a small narrow river
________________
答案：A
2．Our chemistry teacher is trying to find a cure for the problem during the experiment.
A．n. a medicine or treatment that deals with the illness
B．n. a problemsolving method
________________
答案：B
3．Every one of us attaches great importance to this research.
A．vt. to believe that sth. is important
B．vt. join one thing to another
________________
答案：A
4．The image of my childhood home flashed in my mind as I drove down the familiar street.
A．n. a sudden bright light that shines and then disappears
B．vi. to come into your mind suddenly
________________
答案：B
5．When graduating from university, I opened a bank account to start saving money for my future.
A.n. a written or spoken description of sth.
B．n. an arrangement that sb. has with a bank to keep money or take some out
________________
答案：B
Ⅴ.完成句子(每空2分，满分8分)
1．我们为我们的国家和人民在经济发展中取得的成就感到自豪。(what引导宾语从句)
We are proud of __________________________ in the development of the economy.
答案：what our country and people have achieved
2．我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很难过。(that引导宾语从句)
She pretended ____________________________________________，which really made me upset.
答案：that she didn't know me when I met her in the street
3．虽然她的父亲是一位著名的电影制作人，但她成为一名受欢迎的女演员是靠自己的努力实现的。(although引导让步状语从句)
_____________________， her becoming a popular actress was achieved in her own right.
答案：Although her father is a wellknown filmmaker
4．商店说，如果电视机仍在保修期内，他们将予以更换。(if引导条件状语从句)
The shop said they would replace the television _________________．
答案：if it was still under guarantee
Ⅵ.课文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
New research suggests that Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead 1.________ fact.
During a storm in 1752，Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string 2.________ (tie) to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity 3.________ (conduct) through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
For many years, schools 4.________ (teach) the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. 5.________， neither the story nor the details of the experiment 6.________ (be) entirely true. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had 7.________ (actual) touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple 8.________ fell on Newton's head and led him 9.________ (come) up with his theory of gravity.
Admittedly, fiction is often 10.________ (interesting) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
1．答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：新的研究表明，本杰明·富兰克林著名的闪电实验可能是虚构的，而不是事实。instead of意为“而不是”，故应用of。
2．答案：tied
解析：考查过去分词。句意：1752年的一场暴风雨中，富兰克林放飞了一只风筝，上面绑着一根绳子。句中“with a piece of string ________ (tie) to it”为with复合结构，其中a piece of string和tie之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词。
3．答案：was conducted
解析：考查时态及语态。句意：一道闪电击中了风筝，电流通过绳子传到了钥匙上。根据前后句时态可知，本空应用一般过去时；且句子主语electricity和动词conduct之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
4．答案：have taught
解析：考查时态。句意：学校已经教了许多年富兰克林闪电实验的故事。根据for many years可知，本空应用现在完成时。
5．答案：However
解析：考查转折副词。句意：然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。根据本句及前句句意可知，前后语意为转折关系，故本空应用however“然而”。
6．答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致。句意参考上题。本句主语为neither...nor...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”，即和nor后的主语保持一致，故本空应用are。
7．答案：actually
解析：考查副词。句意：但科学家们都同意，如果富兰克林真的碰了钥匙，他肯定会死于电击。本空修饰动词touched，故应用副词actually。
8．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：有些人甚至质疑砸在牛顿头上，促使他提出了他的引力理论的苹果的故事。所填词引导定语从句，修饰名词apple，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词that/which。
9．答案：to come
解析：考查不定式。句意参考上题。lead sb. to do sth.意为“促使某人做某事”，故本空应用不定式作宾补。
10．答案：more interesting
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：诚然，虚构的事往往比事实更有趣。根据空后的than可知，本空应用形容词比较级。
层级二 语言能力训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
In the past 30 years, the nonprofit organization Friends of Trees planted trees along the streets of Portland, Oregon. Now, a new study shows that each tree planted was connected with significant reductions in nonaccidental and cardiovascular (心血管的) mortality (死亡率).
Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and lower mortality is obvious. Between 1990 and 2019, Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees. The research team looked at the number of trees planted in a given area in the past 5，10 or 15 years. They connected this information with mortality due to cardiovascular, respiratory (呼吸的) or nonaccidental causes in that same area, using data from the Oregon Health Authority. The results showed that in neighborhoods in which more trees had been planted, mortality rates were lower. This connection was significant for cardiovascular and nonaccidental mortality, particularly for males and people over the age of 65.
Furthermore, the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew：The reduction in mortality rate connected with trees planted 11 to 15 years before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1 to 5 years. This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in mortality, and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly important for public health. This study doesn't provide a direct opinion into how trees improve health. However, the result that larger trees have a greater health effect than smaller ones is telling, because larger trees are better at absorbing air pollution and reducing noise.
“We observed the effect both in green and less green neighborhoods, which suggests that street tree planting benefits both，” said Geoffrey H. Donovan, first author of the study. “Besides, the benefits of tree planting greatly outweigh (大于) the cost. Our results provide an important evidencebase for clear measures (e.g. planting trees) to increase the lifetime of urban people.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，每种一棵树都有助于降低非意外死亡率和心血管病的死亡率。
1．How long did it take Friends of Trees to plant 49，246 street trees？( )
A．5 years. B．10 years.
C．15 years. D．30 years.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Between 1990 and 2019，Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.”可知，1990年至2019年之间，树木之友种植了49 246棵行道树，即花费了共三十年的时间。故选D项。
2．What do we know about the study from paragraph 3？( )
A．Women gain no benefit from trees.
B．Tree planting can cure respiratory diseases.
C. Older trees contribute more to public health.
D. Newly planted trees can better improve public health.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“However，the result that larger trees have a greater health effect than smaller ones is telling, because larger trees are better at absorbing air pollution and reducing noise.”可知，树龄较大的树木更有益于大众的健康。故选C项。
3．What does Donovan suggest doing？( )
A．Protecting trees in forests.
B．Planting more street trees.
C．Joining Friends of Trees.
D．Getting more benefits from nature.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Our results provide an important evidencebase for clear measures (e.g. planting trees) to increase the lifetime of urban people.”可推知，Donovan建议多种行道树。故选B项。
4．How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？( )
A．By listing numbers.
B．By stating results.
C．By describing the processes.
D．By raising questions.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Now，a new study shows...mortality.”以及第二段中的“Evidence pointing to a connection...is obvious.”和第三段中的“Furthermore，the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew”可推知，作者主要通过陈述结果来展开本文主题。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I have many reasons to thank my family. One of them is that it inspires creative __1__. My father is a(n) __2__ and my mother is a gifted storyteller. They both strongly believe in raising children to look inward to __3__ their talent. __4__ by my father's literature works, my older brother became good at writing songs and poetry and also __5__ me to the art of poetry.
My family read books, listened to poetry and music together, __6__ I was gradually drawn into conversations that expanded our mental horizons. I __7__ found myself becoming the sort of person who could not work smoothly when given a blank sheet of paper but soon began to __8__ it with poetry, or the plot for a novel, or the song lines. At present, I am __9__ a performance with selfbelief, a poetry recital show combined with drama, dance and music, on a __10__ tour and have taken it to 21 states.
I strongly believe that artists must keep it __11__ what is the source of their inspiration and where their __12__ comes from. I hold a belief that my inspiration comes from my __13__ that my parents provided for me. My creativity springs from the way I see the world. This is the ability that feeds me as a __14__ artist.
So, __15__ around people who value selfdiscovery sets the stage for their own growth.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父母都坚信要培养孩子发现自己的才能。作者在父母的努力下被激发出了自己的灵感和创造力，成为自信的艺术家。
1．( )
A. attitude B．choice
C．profession D．talent
答案：D
解析：根据下文的their talent可知，此处表示“其中之一是它激发了创造性才能(talent)”。
2．( )
A. speaker B．artist
C．writer D．singer
答案：C
解析：根据下文的my father's literature works可知，“我”的父亲是一名作家(writer)，“我”的母亲是一个有天赋的讲故事的人。
3．( )
A. adjust B．discover
C．transform D．affect
答案：B
解析：根据下文的their talent可知，他们都坚信要培养孩子向内看，发现(discover)自己的才能。
4．( )
A. Influenced B．Forced
C．Advised D．Included
答案：A
解析：根据下文的my older brother became good at writing songs and poetry可知，哥哥擅长写歌、写诗是受了父亲的影响(Influenced)。
5．( )
A.taught B．introduced
C．ordered D．exchanged
答案：B
解析：根据下文的me to the art of poetry可知，哥哥擅长写歌、写诗，也把诗歌艺术介绍(introduced)给了“我”。
6．( )
A.so B．but
C．or D．for
答案：A
解析：上文提到My family read books，listened to poetry and music together，后文提到I was gradually drawn into conversations，前后为因果关系，应用连词so。
7．( )
A. entirely B．eventually
C．frequently D．extremely
答案：B
解析：上文I was gradually drawn into conversations提到了家人对作者的影响，最后(eventually)作者成为在白纸上写诗歌、小说情节和歌词的人。
8．( )
A. desire B．resolve
C．cover D．admit
答案：C
解析：根据下文的it with poetry，or the plot for a novel，or the song lines可知，此处指用诗歌、小说情节或歌词覆盖(cover)了这张白纸。
9．( )
A. devoting B．adapting
C．composing D．staging
答案：D
解析：根据下文的a performance可知，“我”正在举办(stage)一场充满自信的演出。此处stage属于熟词生义，意为“表演”。
10．( )
A. national B．personal
C．global D．local
答案：A
解析：根据下文的tour and have taken it to 21 states可知，正在全国(national)巡回演出，并已在21个州演出。
11．( )
A. in order B．in mind
C．in motion D．in peace
答案：B
解析：根据上文的artists must keep it可知，“我”坚信，艺术家必须牢记(in mind)他们的灵感来源是什么以及创造力来自哪里。
12．( )
A. achievement B．encouragement
C．creativity D．performance
答案：C
解析：根据下文My creativity springs from the way I see the world.可知，这里指艺术家必须牢记他们的灵感来源是什么以及创造力(creativity)来自哪里。
13．( )
A. strategy B．duty
C．emotion D．education
答案：D
解析：根据下文的that my parents provided for me并结合上文父母对“我”的影响可知，“我”相信“我”的灵感来自父母给“我”的教育(education)。
14．( )
A. confident B．romantic
C．modest D．frank
答案：A
解析：上文的a performance with selfbelief说明这种能力使“我”成为一个自信的(confident)艺术家。
15．( )
A. bringing up B．cheering up
C．growing up D．staying up
答案：C
解析：结合上文可知，作者在有文化素养的家庭氛围中长大，所以此处是指“在那些重视自我发现的人身边长大(growing up)，为自己的成长奠定了基础”。Part Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 起草，草拟
②________ n. (科学)实验
③________ n. 金属
④________ n. 记述，描述
⑤________ v. 传导(热、电)
⑥________ n．科学→________ adj.科学(上)的→________ n．科学家
⑦________ adj.全部的，整个的→________ adv.完全地，彻底地
⑧declare v．宣布→________ n．声明，宣告
⑨________ v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.附属的；依恋的→attachment n．附件，依恋
⑩________ n．证明，证据→prove v．证明
________ n．虚构的事，想象的事→fictional adj.虚构的
2．低频词汇知其意
( )①lightning A．n.重力，引力
( )②flash B．n.闪电
( )③gravity C．n.闪光
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 依附于；依恋
2．________________ 把……系到……
3．________________ 和……一起
4．________________ 死于……
5．________________ 提出
6．apart from ________________
7．electric shock ________________
8．approach to (doing) sth. ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that引导的表语从句
这位美国开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的故事可谓家喻户晓。
The wellknown story is ________________________________________．
2．with的复合结构
他在风筝上绑上了一根绳子，然后将其放高。
He raised the kite ________________________________．
3．“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语
数代学生都叹服于他(富兰克林)的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。
________________________________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
4．虚拟语气
但是科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙，他肯定就死于电击了。
But scientists all agree that ________________________________________________．
5．名词＋along with＋名词作主语
富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起，激励并教导我们科学实验对于确定真相并为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。
________________ us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
6．neither...nor...
然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。
However, ________ the story ________ the details of the experiment are entirely true.
7．while引导让步状语从句；that引导同位语从句
事实上，不止一次记载表明，尽管牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸中了他的头部。
In fact, more than one account suggests that _______________________， there is no proof ____________________．
8．部分否定；even if引导的让步状语从句
我们不要总是相信我们读到的或听到的，即使它是一个精彩的故事。
We should ________________ believe everything we read or hear—____________________．
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
Franklin's famous experiment
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be ①________．
How did the experiment happen？
People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by ②________ or something else. Franklin raised a ③________ with a piece of string tied to it during a storm and a ④________ key was attached to the string. The experiment proved that ⑤________ was a form of electricity.
The effect of the experiment
The story ⑥________ been taught in schools for many years and it has influenced many people.
Are the stories of Franklin and Newton true
The stories are not ⑦________ true but people have been more ⑧________ by scientists' ⑨________ than by the ⑩________．
2．The main idea of the passage is whether the story of ________________ is true or not.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Franklin's opinion about science.
B．The purpose and process of Franklin's experiment.
C. People's different opinions on lightning.
D．The role of the metal key.
2．For many years, we learn from the story of Franklin's experiment EXCEPT that ________．
A．the method of Franklin's experiment is safe
B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment
C. scientific experiments are important to the truth
D．the method of Franklin's experiment is scientific
3．What are people inspired by in Franklin's story
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touch on the metal key.
4．What's the author's attitude towards the story of Franklin's experiment
A．Doubtful. B．Curious.
C．Supportive. D．Not mentioned.
5．What is TRUE about Newton's story
A．The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton's head.
B．Scientists like to question everything around them.
C．Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
4.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to describe the mood.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①experiment /Ik'sperIm nt/
n．(科学)实验
②lightning /'laItnI /n.闪电
③fiction /'fIk ( )n/n.虚构的事，想象的事
④instead of而不是；代替
⑤the American Founding Father and scientist
美国开国元勋兼科学家(指一个人)
the teacher and writer老师兼作家
⑥fly a kite放风筝
⑦raise the kite升起风筝
⑧a piece of string一条绳子
⑨tie...to...把……系在……
⑩metal /'metl/n.金属
attach/ 't t /v.系，绑；贴
be attached to附属于……
flash /fl /n.闪光
conduct /k n'd kt/v.传导(热、电)
an electric shock电击
a form of ……的一种形式
be amazed by对……感到惊讶
bravery n．勇敢，英勇
approach n. & v．方法；途径，靠近，临近
an approach to doing sth.
做某事的方法
along with
和……；与……一起
inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励
inspire sb.to do sth.
鼓舞某人做某事
scientific / saI n'tIfIk/
adj.科学(上)的
science n．科学
scientist n．科学家
establish v．建立
contribute v．投稿；捐献
contribute to
有利于；促成
discovery n．发现
make a discovery做出发现
neither... nor... 既不……也不……
entirely /In'taI li/
adv.完全地，彻底地
although conj.虽然，尽管(不与but连用)
question v．质疑
actually adv.实际上；事实上
die from死于……(外因)
lead sb. to do sth.
促使某人做某事
come up with想出
gravity /'gr vIti/ n．重力，引力
the theory of gravity万有引力定律
account / 'ka nt/ n．记述，描述
proof /pru f/ n．证明，证据
admittedly adv.诚然，公认地
scientific exploration科学探索
[教材原文]
FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT：How Much Is True
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment① with lightning② has introduced generations of children to science【1】. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
【1】此句中的has introduced为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或动作一直持续到现在。
The wellknown story is that the American Founding Father and scientist⑤ flew a kite⑥ during a storm in 1752【2】. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite⑦ with a__piece of__string⑧ tied to⑨ it【3】. A metal⑩ key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock . This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
【2】本句为that引导的表语从句，其中The wellknown story是主语，is是系动词。
【3】此处为with的复合结构，其基本结构为：with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词等。
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth【4】. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions【5】．
【4】more than one不止一个，其引导的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【5】当along with(as well as, but, except, together with等)连接几个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true【6】. Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place【7】， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock【8】．
【6】neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数采用“就近原则”。
【7】本句为Although引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。
【8】本句为虚拟语气，if引导的虚拟条件句是对过去的假设，从句部分采用过去完成时，而主句部分采用“would/should/could/might＋have done”形式。
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity . In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof hat it hit him on the head【9】．
【9】本句为that引导的宾语从句，由于此处suggest表示“表明”之意，故从句部分不用should do结构。
Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
[课文译文]
富兰克林的实验：
有多少是真实的？
本杰明·富兰克林著名的闪电实验让几代孩子接触到了科学。然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，而不是事实。
这个众所周知的故事是美国的开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝。那时，不少人对电很感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的是由电产生的，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他用一根绳子系住风筝，把风筝放上天。在绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传到钥匙上。富兰克林随即用手指触摸钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真相的科学方法感到惊讶。富兰克林和许多其他科学家一起，激励并教导我们，科学实验对于查明真相与推动科学发现和发明而言都至关重要。
然而，这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。虽然已经证明富兰克林的实验确实发生过，但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。关于绳子和钥匙的细节是真实的。但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的摸到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常质疑已被接受的观点，因为他们想要确立事实。有些人甚至质疑关于苹果落在牛顿头上并导致他提出万有引力定律的故事。事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿肯定是受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果击中了他的头部。
诚然，故事往往比事实更有趣。富兰克林的科学探索精神比事实本身更能鼓舞人们。但在科学领域，事实应该通过实验和研究来证明，我们不应该总是相信我们读到或听到的一切——即使它是一个很棒的故事。
1)declaration n．声明，宣告)
(教材原句)Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence.本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是美国的开国元勋之一，他帮助起草了《独立宣言》。
The company made a declaration of intention to follow an equal opportunities policy.
公司作出计划遵守机会均等政策的声明。
It is declared that there will be no class this afternoon.
(学校)宣布今天下午不上课。
[考点归纳]
(1)declaration n. 声明；宣告，宣言，宣布
issue/sign a declaration 发布/签署公告
(2)declare v. 宣布；声明
declare against 声明反对
declare for 宣布支持
declare war on 对……宣战
declare that... 宣布/表明……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/熟词生义
①If we declare war ________ climate change, then yes, we can do it.
②All four countries have adopted the ________ (declare) against hunting rare animals.
③典礼一宣布开始，我们学校所有的学生就欢呼起来。
(应用文之活动介绍)Immediately the ceremony ________________， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
④All income must be declared.(declare vt.________)
2)attach v．系，绑；贴)
(教材原句)A metal key was attached to the string.
在绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。
(应用文之环境保护)More and more people attach great significance to protecting the environment.
越来越多的人重视保护环境。
[考点归纳]
(1)attach sth. to sth. 把……附在……之上
attach oneself to 参加；依附
attach importance to 重视
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋
be attached to sb./sth. 依恋/附属于/爱慕某人/某物
(3)attachment n. 附件；喜爱；连接
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①More and more people are beginning to attach importance to ________ (live) a low carbon (低碳) life.
②With a label ________(attach) to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognise their own luggage.
③Don't forget to check that your ________ (attach) is actually ________ (attach) to the email.
④The company ________________________ (非常重视) technical innovation.
⑤There is a middle school ____________________ (附属于) the institute.
3)account n.记述，描述，论述，解释，说明，账户)
(教材原句)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿肯定受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果击中了他的头部。
I believe this is a very good account of what happened.
我相信这对发生的情况作了很好的描述。
On no account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.我无论遇到什么困难都绝不放弃。
The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.
新技术的应用和电影明星的广泛吸引力也可能是增长的原因。
[考点归纳]
give (sb.) an account of (向某人)描述……
open/close an account 开立/结清账户
take...into account/take account of 考虑到，顾及
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子
用部分倒装语序)
account for 是……的原因；解释；占
(一定数量或比例)
[即学即练] 写出下列句中account的词性及含义/句型转换/单句语法填空
①The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.________
②Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.________
③We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.________
④Visitors are on no account allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
→On no account ________________ to feed animals in the wildlife park.
⑤(应用文之劝慰信)Too much pressure may account ________ your recent low efficiency in study.
⑥(应用文之建议信)When choosing your major, you need to take your interests and career plans ________ account.
4)conduct v．传导(热、电)；实施；带领；指挥；表现 conductor n．指挥；售票员；列车长；导体)
Copper conducts electricity well.铜的导电性能好。
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
为了测试社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful.安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
[考点归纳]
conduct electricity/heat 导电/热
conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview进行调查/实验/面试
conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/合唱团
conduct oneself 表现；举止
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中conduct的含义
①The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.________
②The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.________
③This concert was conducted by a famous conductor from Vienna.________
④The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money to conduct the research.________
5)(教材原句)However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.,然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。)
[句式解构]
(1)本句是简单句，句中neither...nor...结构连接并列主语，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。
(2)neither...nor...结构也可连接其他句子成分，表示对两者的全部否定，意为“既不……也不……”。
(应用文之建议信)Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能实现目标。
Neither my classmates nor I was punished by our teacher.
我和我的同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The disagreement was so sharp that neither he ________ I knew how to settle it.
②Either the couple who have done lots of scientific researches or Professor Smith ________ (deserve) the honor.
③不仅他而且他所有的同学都把这个理论牢记在心。
________________________________ the theory in mind.
6)(教材原句)Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.富兰克林和其他许多科学家一起，激励并教导我们科学实验对于确定真相并为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。)
[句式解构] along with与……一起；随着，随同
本句是一个复合句，has inspired和taught是并列谓语动词；that引导宾语从句。主句谓语动词的单复数和along with...短语前的名词Franklin保持一致，用单数形式，这就是主谓一致的“就远原则”，常用于这种原则的短语有：as well as、with、together with、like、rather than、except、but、including、besides、in addition to等。
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
史密斯教授和他的助手们正夜以继日地做这个项目以如期完成。
(应用文之旅游)I, along with my parents, am taking a flight to set off for Sanya on the first day.
第一天，我和我的父母一起坐飞机出发去三亚。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①My father along with his workmates ________ (have) already gone to Beijing.
②In the 18th century art, along with music and poetry, ________ (see) as something inspiring.
③By now, Jim with his classmates ________ (see) the film in the People's Cinema.
④The parent rather than his children ________ (be) to blame.
⑤In recent years store shopping exists ________________ (和……并存) home shopping.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I suffered from ________ (精神的) illness and depression when I was younger, and it totally affected my teenage years.
2．The task requires ________ (非凡的) patience and endurance.
3．Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a ________ (才华横溢的) poet.
4．Many words in the English language are French in ________ (起源).
5．As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so ________ (重要的).
6．The report presents a faithful ________ (记述) of the event.
7．Don't forget to ________ (贴) a recent photograph to your application form.
8．How did the monkeys get their reward in the ________ (实验)
9．You should follow the normal ________ (程序) or you will go wrong.
10．For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero ________ (重力), and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The American ________ (declare) of war in 1917 turned the scales against Germany.
2．For many students Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also ________ (entire) necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
3．________ (science) theories must be based on facts.
4．They questioned the ________ (accurate) of the information in the file.
5．It is of great ________ (significant) to promote the Belt and Road cooperation with related countries.
6．I have grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
7．In modern man, the brain accounts ________ about 2%～3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
8．The room still has many of its ________ (origin) features.
9．A war ________ (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning.
10．Now doctors believe they have cured him ________ the disease.
Ⅲ.短语填空
beyond recognition，for instance，to date，name after，due to，along with，take place，come up with
1．The baby's mother escaped from the fire ____________ two other children.
2．The scientists are beating their brains trying to ____________ a solution to the problem.
3．Great men have often risen from poverty, ____________， Lincoln and Edison.
4．The meeting will ____________ as planned.
5．____________， I have not received news from him.
6．When he came back to his hometown, he found it had changed ________________．
7．The businessman's success was largely ________________ his excellent judgment.
8．The bridge ________________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（九）
Part Ⅲ Developing ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①draft ②experiment ③metal ④account ⑤conduct ⑥science; scientific; scientist ⑦entire; entirely
⑧declaration ⑨attach ⑩proof fiction
2．①B ②C ③A
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．be attached to 2.tie...to... 3.along with 4.die from 5.come up with 6.除了…… 7.触电，电击 8.(做)某事的方法
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752
2．with a piece of string tied to it
3．More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed
4．if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock
5．Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired
6．neither; nor
7．while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple; that it hit him on the head
8．not always; even if it is a great story
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①fiction ②electricity ③kite ④metal ⑤lightning
⑥has ⑦entirely ⑧inspired ⑨spirit ⑩facts
2．Franklin's experiment
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.D√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于查明真相与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
2．虽然，已经证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
3．但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
4．不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
要点精研·考点突破
1．①on ②declaration ③was declared open ④申报
2．①living ②attached ③attachment; attached ④attaches great importance to ⑤attached to
3．①n.报道 ②n.账户 ③vt.认为 ④are visitors allowed ⑤for ⑥into
4．①表现 ②带领 ③指挥 ④实施
5．①nor ②deserves ③Not only he but also all his classmates have kept
6．①has ②was seen ③has seen ④is ⑤along with
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．mental 2.extraordinary 3.brilliant 4.origin
5．significant 6.account 7.attach 8.experiment
9．procedure 10.gravity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．declaration 2.entirely 3.Scientific 4.accuracy
5．significance 6.mentally 7.for 8.original 9.injury 10.of
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．along with 2.come up with 3.for instance 4.take place
5．To date 6.beyond recognition 7.due to 8.was named after
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