(共105张PPT)
Part Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________v. 预测，预报
2．____________n. 紧急情况，不测事件
3．________v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
4．________n. 危机
5．________n. 人造卫星
6．________ vi.依赖；依靠→________ adj.可靠的，可信赖的→________ adj.不可靠的→________ n．可靠性
forecast
emergency
claim
crisis
satellite
rely
reliable
unreliable
reliability
7．________ v. & n．营救，解救→________ n．求助者
8．________ adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的→____________ adv.例外地，异常地，特殊地；极其，非常
9．________ n．威胁；征兆→________ v．恐吓；对……构成威胁，危及，威胁到
10．precise adj.精确的，准确的→________ adv.精确地；准确地
rescue
rescuer
exceptional
exceptionally
threat
threaten
precisely
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①leave out 省略；遗漏，忽视
②than usual 比平时
③in history 在历史上
④consist of 由……组成
⑤pay attention to 注意
⑥result in 导致，造成
⑦lead to 导致，造成
⑧over time 随着时间的推移
⑨listen out for 注意听
⑩suffer from 遭受
1)reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的)
(教材原句)So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
因此，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查看官方的科学报告。
It is not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.
仅仅以貌取人是不可靠的。
It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others.
与其求人，不如求己。
You can rely on it that he can lend you a hand whenever it's necessary.
你可以相信在任何必要的时候，他都会向你伸出援助之手。
[考点归纳]
(1)unreliable adj. 不可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely on/upon 依靠；依赖
rely on sb. to do sth.＝rely on sb.'s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that...＝depend on it that... 相信……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That young man is honest, cooperative, and always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely).
②Though he has shortcomings, he is a person ________ (rely) on.
③If my car had been more ________ (rely), I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
④You may rely on ________ that he will make up for the loss.
⑤Many working women rely on parents ________ (help) look after their children.
reliable
to rely
reliable
it
to help
2)rescue n．营救，解救，救助，抢救)
(教材原句)International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.
国际救援队很快开始抵达该国。
When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
就是在当地向导的帮助下，登山者获救了。
[考点归纳]
rescue sb./sth. from... 把……从……营救出来
come to sb.'s rescue(＝rescue sb.) 营救某人
a rescue team 救援队
rescue workers 救援人员
rescuer n. 救助者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Luckily, the boy ________ (rescue) just minutes before the house fell down.
②I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas ________ (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
was rescued
rescued
③你可以相信当我们陷入困境的时候，我们的政府会来救我们的。
You can rely on it that when we are in trouble, our government will
__________________．
④当救援人员把被埋的孩子从废墟中救出时，人群爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
The crowd burst into thunderous applause as rescuers _______________________________．
come to our rescue
rescued the buried child from the ruins
3)claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称，断言；索要，索取 n．声称，断言；索赔)
(教材原句)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。
It is claimed that some doctors work 80 hours a week.
据说一些医生每周工作80个小时。
He claims to have found a temple on the peak.
他声称在山顶发现了一座寺庙。
They have made a claim for the loss caused by the accident.
他们已经为事故造成的损失提出索赔。
[考点归纳]
(1)claim one's life 夺去某人的生命
claim to do sth. 声称要做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim that... 声称……
It's claimed that... 据称……
(2)make a claim for... 为……提出索赔；就……提出要求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/写出下列句中claim的含义
①They claim ________ (have) a 40% worldwide market share.
②He claims ________ he has met the movie star, but I don't believe him.
→He claims ________ (meet) the movie star, but I don't believe him.
③Since the criminal set fire on your goods, you could make a claim ________ damages.
④They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.________
to have
that
to have met
for
声称
⑤Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident？________
⑥Some of the early claims that were made were false.________
⑦The car crash claimed three lives.________
索要
断言
夺去(生命)
4)threaten v．威胁到，危及，威胁，恐吓)
(教材原句)It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，威胁到950多万人的生计。
The attacker threatened them with a gun.
袭击者用枪威胁他们。
She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign.
对于将辞职的要挟付诸行动，她已做好了思想准备。
(应用文之环境保护)Global warming is such a great threat that all the reasons behind this deserve to be explored.
全球变暖是如此巨大的威胁，所有背后的原因都值得探讨。
[考点归纳]
(1)threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事
(2)threat n. 威胁
a threat to sb./sth. 对某人/某物的威胁
under threat 受到威胁
(3)threatening adj. 有威胁性的；危险的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His voice sounds ________ (threaten).
②Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only leads to serious problems such as global warming but also could ________ (threat) to end human life on our planet.
③If their habitat __________ (threaten) or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease.
threatening
threaten
is threatened
④只有当我们学会和自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生动植物的威胁。
(应用文之环境保护) Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature will we not be ________________ to wildlife.
⑤实际上，自然界的许多地方都受到威胁。
(应用文之环境保护)Indeed, many parts of the natural world are
________________．
a threat
under threat
省略(Ellipsis)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。
1．It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
2．My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low.
3．It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!
4．Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last.
[归纳填空] 为了避免重复、保持语言的简洁，英语中也会出现________现象。如：
①句1中deepest后省略了________；
②句2中so后省略了________；
③句3中but后省略了________；
④句4中last后省略了________。
省略
lines
it is
it is
summer
精要点拨
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
二、省略的用法
1．简单句中的省略
感叹句中常省略主语和谓语；在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
What a hot day (it is)！多热的天啊！
How wonderful (it is)！多妙啊！
—(Will you) Have a smoke？——你抽烟吗？
—No. Thanks.——不，谢谢了。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
Why (do you) talk so much about it
为什么大谈这件事呢？
2．并列句中的省略
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。
(2)主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者均可以省略。
(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
(4)在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
3．复合句中的省略
(1)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。
I am very fond of the new dress (that/which) you bought for me.
我非常喜欢你给我买的这条新裙子。
The way (that) he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的方法很简单。
(2)状语从句
在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴。
Don't come in until (you are) asked to.
不叫你时，请你不要进来。
(3)宾语从句
在宾语从句中可省略连接词that。
I'm sure (that) you'll succeed sooner or later.
我相信你早晚会成功的。
[名师点津] 宾语从句中的that通常可以省略，但下列情况不能省略：
①it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important job.
他们想让公众清楚他们做的是一件重要的工作。
②两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的不能省略。
The report shows (that) we have made some progress, but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告表明，我们已经取得了一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。
③省略一个从句或从句中的一部分，用so或not代替
—Is he coming back tonight？他今晚回来吗？
—I think so.(＝I think he is coming back tonight.)我想是的。
—Is he feeling better today
他今天感觉好点了吗？
—I'm afraid not.(＝I'm afraid he is not feeling better today.)恐怕没有。
4．动词不定式的省略
(1)有些动词(词组)：如want、wish、expect、 hope、would like、try、forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
Don't tell me the name of your friend if you don't want to.
如果你不愿意，就不要告诉我你朋友的名字。
(2)感官动词(词组)：如see、hear、 listen to、notice、watch等和使役动词如 make、let、have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
I saw him enter the room just now.
→He was seen to enter the room just now.
我看见他刚刚进了房间。
(3)介词but/except/besides前面若有动词do时，后面不定式的to通常省略。
He did nothing but wait.
除了等，他什么都没做。
5．虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were、had、 should提前构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday, you could have met her.
如果你昨天来这里的话，你就会见到她了。
(2)在一坚持(insist)、二命令(order、command)、三建议(suggest、propose、advise)、四要求(demand、require、request、ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...从句中常省略should。
It is suggested that we (should) study hard during our schooldays.
人们建议我们在学生时代要好好学习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You have to demonstrate that you are ________ (rely). Otherwise, they dare not accept you.
2．On ________ (arrive) there, they set about doing the experiment.
3．Yesterday's weather forecast was ____________ (exceptional) accurate.
4．They claim _________________ (discover) a cure for the disease.
5．She grabbed a knife and threatened ________ (kill) the thief if he didn't hand over the stolen necklace.
6．He pronounced the word in English very slowly and ________ (precise).
reliable
arriving
exceptionally
to have discovered
to kill
precisely
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn that she got from the iron was red and ____________．
2．Just take a short break if you are tired.
→Just take a short break ________．
3．I would do it for you, but I don't know how to do it for you.
→I would do it for you, but I don't know ________.
very painful
if tired
how to
4．They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents.
→They didn't visit their parents as much as they ________．
5．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but ________．
ought to
most haven't
6．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but his brother ________．
7．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as if ________________．
8．Wood gives off much smoke while it is burning.
→Wood gives off much smoke ____________．
will not
waiting for someone
while burning
9．Whenever it is possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
→________________， they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
10. He runs as fast as Bob runs.
→He runs as fast as ________．
Whenever possible
Bob
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．过马路时要小心汽车。
Look out for cars ________________________．
2．正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。
They attended the meeting on time ___________________________．
3．他比预期晚回来三天。
He came back three days later ______________________________．
when crossing the street
as planned
than expected
4．——明天天气会放晴吗？
——我希望是这样。
—Will it clear up tomorrow
—I ____________________________．
5．当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢”或“你太好了”。
_____________， one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．
hope so
When offered help
1．The psychologist ________ (预测) the fellow would become a failure.
2．All of a sudden someone ________ (抓住) the servant by the arm.
3．The ________ (海啸) caused by the earthquake destroyed the port.
4．The lifeboat was sent out to ________ (营救) the soldiers in the submarine.
答案：forecast
答案：grabbed
答案：tsunami
答案：rescue
5．The captain has made every arrangement to meet any ________ (紧急情况).
6．The crowd who went missing yesterday during a ________ (暴风雪) have been found alive and well.
7．He ________ (声称) that it was not right to advertise wine in the schoolyard which had a bad impact on school children.
答案：emergency
答案：blizzard
答案：claimed
8．The psychologist is a ________ (可信赖的) person, and you can have confidence in him.
9．We must pull our residents out of the financial ________ (危机) as soon as possible.
10．The captain ____ (精确地) forecast the time when the tsunami came.
答案：reliable
答案：crisis
答案：precisely
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，满分10分)
1．The captain rescued nearly 20 people ________ the sinking ship.
答案：from
解析：句意：船长从即将沉没的船上救出了近20人。rescue...from...是常用搭配，意为“从……把……营救出来”。
2．There are no ________ (rely) statistics for the number of deaths in the tsunami.
答案：reliable
解析：句意：关于海啸中的死亡人数没有可靠的统计数字。此处修饰后面的名词statistics，用形容词作定语。
3．As a psychologist, Philip was ________ (exceptional) talented.
答案：exceptionally
解析：句意：作为心理学家，菲利普才华出众。副词修饰形容词talented。
4．He ________ (threaten) with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.
答案：was threatened
解析：句意：他受到警告，如果继续上班迟到，就被辞退。根据语境可知，发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语he和动词threaten之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．“That is ________ (precise) the reason why we are going in that direction，” the psychologist says.
答案：precisely
解析：句意：“那恰恰是我们走那个方向的原因，”那个心理学家说。precisely意为“恰恰，正好”。
6．The tsunami ________ (claim) hundreds of lives at the shore.
答案：claimed
解析：句意：海啸夺走了海岸上数百人的生命。
7．The hurricane ________ (forecast) to continue in the region on Sunday and Monday.
答案：was forecast
解析：句意：预报说周日和周一飓风还将在该地区持续。陈述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时；主语The hurricane和谓语动词forecast之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．The government has declared a state of ________ (emergent) following the typhoon.
答案：emergency
解析：句意：台风发生后政府已宣布进入紧急状态。在介词of后面，用名词形式。
9．He ________ (grab) her arm and pushed her out of the crowds.
答案：grabbed
解析：句意：他抓住她的胳膊把她推出人群。根据连词and后面的动词pushed可知，此处表示过去的事情，用一般过去时。
10．The city, ________ (found) in 1911, has now become home to more than 10 million residents.
答案：founded
解析：句意：这座建于1911年的城市现在已成为1 000多万居民的家园。
Ⅲ.完成句子(每空2分，满分20分)
1．如果按时服用，这药可有效控制出血。
________________________， the medicine will be effective to control the bleeding.
答案：If taken regularly
2．在港口等船的时候，他和一个50岁左右的陌生人聊天。
________________________________ at the port, he chatted with a stranger at the age of around 50.
答案：While waiting for the ship
3．如果有必要的话，我将通过电子邮件给你发送一些指导方针。
I will send you some guidelines by email ________________．
答案：if necessary
4．当被问及他是否了解可穿戴技术时，他回答是的。
________________ if he knew wearable tech, he answered yes.
答案：When questioned
5．如果可能的话，所有的电话预订必须以书面形式确认。
________________， all telephone reservations must be confirmed in writing.
答案：If possible
6．这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。
All the photographs in this book, ____________ otherwise, date from the 1950s.
答案：unless stated
7．那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________．
答案：not to
8．我白天可能有空。要是有空，我会过来看你。
I may be free in daytime. ________________， I'll come around and see you.
答案：If so
9．这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有的话，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。
The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________________， reaching 30 ℃ in summer.
答案：if ever
10．“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们得找到失主，他一定十分着急。”
“Oh sir，” the girl said, “do these gold coins belong to you ________________， we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly be very worried.”
答案：If not
Ⅳ.语法专练——单句语法填空(每空1分，满分6分)
1．If ________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
答案：accepted
解析：考查省略句。从句的主语和主句的主语you一致，并且主语和动词accept之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词表示。从句补充完整后为If you are accepted...，是省略主语和be动词的条件状语从句。
2．Some of you may have finished Unit One. If ________， you can go on to Unit Two.
答案：so
解析：句意：你们中的一些人可能已经学完了第一单元，如果是这样的话，你们可以继续学第二单元。此处是一个省略句，If so相当于If you have done so。
3．While ________ (compete) with his teammates, he hurt his leg.
答案：competing
解析：句意：在和队友比赛时，他伤了腿。此处是一个省略句，While competing相当于While he was competing。
4．There are some health problems that, when not ________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
答案：treated
解析：句意：有一些健康问题，如果不能得到及时治疗，以后就会变得更严重。定语从句that can become bigger ones later on被when not treated in time分隔开了。when not treated in time为省略句，相当于when some health problems are not treated in time。
5．The boy is running impatiently here and there as if ________ (search) for something lost on the sports ground.
答案：searching
解析：句意：那个男孩不耐烦地跑来跑去，好像在找丢在运动场上的什么东西。此处是一个省略句，as if searching相当于as if he was searching。
6．While ________ (explore) the unknown island, he found this beautiful place by chance.
答案：exploring
解析：句意：在探索那个未知的岛屿时，他偶然发现了这个美丽的地方。While exploring为省略句，相当于While he was exploring。
层级二 语言能力训练
Ⅰ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Christine, an experienced skydiver, was about to complete her 112th jump in Johannesburg. Christine decided that she would __1__ a sitting position jump for the first time.
Jumping off the plane from 3，353 meters, she stayed in that __2__ until about 1，828 meters, when she flattened her body and __3__ her parachute (降落伞) as she had done many times before. Unlike the __4__ 111 jumps, however, this time, something felt different, and Christine soon realized that something had gone __5__.
The first thing she noticed was that she had not slowed down, __6__ she also couldn't see the familiar lifesaving canopy (伞盖) above her head. Christine realized her main parachute had not opened, so she __7__ changed to her reserve (备用) chute before cutting away the main. But this effort sent her turning around wildly out of __8__.
Falling toward the __9__， Christine thought about her family and upcoming wedding before realizing she was __10__ straight into live power lines. This seemed to be terrible luck at the time but probably saved her life as they broke her fall before she __11__ into the earth, suffering a broken pelvis (骨盆) and other injuries. Fortunately, she was __12__ during her falling by a passerby who stopped his truck to __13__ an ambulance and help the stricken woman.
Christine eventually made a full __14__， although she did ask her wouldbehusband to change their upcoming honeymoon __15__ from their adventurous ideas of skydiving and cagediving with great white sharks to something less dangerous.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了即将结婚的Christine在跳伞时遭遇意外，被电线挡了一下。落地后，一位好心的路人叫来救护车，救下了她。
1．( )
A.create B．find
C．try D．show
答案：C
解析：根据上文“Christine, an experienced skydiver, was about to complete her 112th jump in Johannesburg.”可知，Christine是个经验丰富的跳伞员，再根据空后“a sitting position jump for the first time”可推断，Christine决定第一次尝试(try)坐姿跳。
2．( )
A.situation B．position
C．direction D．movement
答案：B
解析：根据下文“when she flattened her body and ________ her parachute as she had done many times before”可知，她直到降落到1 828米才会改变姿势，所以空处指的是她会保持这个姿势(position)。
3．( )
A.spread B．fixed
C．lifted D．tied
答案：C
解析：根据下文“she also couldn't see the familiar lifesaving canopy above her head”可知，保持那个姿势直到1 828米，她才像以前多次做过的那样，把身体压平，举起(lifted)降落伞。
4．( )
A.traditional B．easy
C．skillful D．previous
答案：D
解析：根据上文“Christine, an experienced skydiver, was about to complete her 112th jump in Johannesburg.”可知，她是准备进行第112次跳伞，因此，本次跳伞和之前的(previous) 111次不一样。
5．( )
A.crazy B．wrong
C．unnoticed D．unfinished
答案：B
解析：根据下文“The first thing she noticed was that she had not slowed down, ________ she also couldn't see the familiar lifesaving canopy above her head.”可知，这次跳伞，Christine出了事故，所以此刻她是发觉事情不对，出了问题(go wrong)。
6．( )
A.but B．while
C．because D．and
答案：D
解析：空前“she had not slowed down”和空后“she also couldn't see the familiar lifesaving canopy above her head”之间为并列关系，用and。
7．( )
A.quickly B．suddenly
C．actually D．finally
答案：A
解析：根据常理推测，当发现主降落伞无法打开后，跳伞员应该是迅速(quickly)换到了备用降落伞。故选A项。
8．( )
A.danger B．control
C．sight D．order
答案：B
解析：根据上文“But this effort sent her turning around wildly”可知，由于Christine在空中的努力使她转过身来，失去了控制(control)。
9．( )
A.destination B．targets
C．lines D．ground
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，Christine发生事故时，正在跳伞，她的降落伞无法打开。由此可以判断，由于她失去了控制，所以她是向地面(ground)坠落。
10．( )
A.running B．breaking
C．heading D．climbing
答案：C
解析：根据下文“This seemed to be terrible luck at the time but probably saved her life as they broke her fall before she ________ into the earth, suffering a broken pelvis and other injuries.”可知，Christine在坠落时，她径直撞向(heading)带电的电线。
11．( )
A.crashed B．burned
C．dug D．got
答案：A
解析：根据上文“...upcoming wedding before realizing she was ________ straight into live power lines”可知，Christine坠向地面，撞到了电线。它们在她摔向(crashed)地面之前阻止了她的坠落。
12．( )
A.watched B．followed
C．spotted D．caught
答案：C
解析：根据下文“during her falling by a passerby who stopped his truck to ________ an ambulance and help the stricken woman”可知，她在坠落时被一个路人发现了(spotted)。
13．( )
A.call B．stop
C．drive D．board
答案：A
解析：根据空后的宾语an ambulance可知，这位路人是呼叫(call)了救护车才救下了Christine。
14．( )
A.preparation B．victory
C．mistake D．recovery
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，Christine被好心的路人送往了医院，再根据下文的“their upcoming honeymoon”可知，她即将结婚度蜜月，由此判断，Christine完全康复了(recovery)。
15．( )
A.tasks B．plans
C．dreams D．imaginations
答案：B
解析：根据下文“from their adventurous ideas of skydiving and cagediving with great white sharks to something less dangerous”可知，这些都是他们俩的蜜月计划(plan)。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Simple Things You Can Do To Get Through Hard Times
Life is a series of peaks and valleys. Sometimes you're up, sometimes you're down. 1(____). Here's how to make getting through hard times less difficult：
Stay positive
This may sound cliche (陈词滥调), but the thing about cliches is that they're typically true. 2(____). But I am saying you have to eventually adjust your mood and start moving forward. Staying positive is the key to getting through hard times.
3(____)
When I find myself in the middle of an ugly situation, I like to pick everything apart and see what went wrong and what I could have done differently. I always end up learning something that helps me and I eventually get a really clear picture of what I need to do to make sure I'm not in the same situation again. Or if I do find myself in a similar situation, I know what to do to minimize the difficulty of the situation.
Focus on what you can control, not what you can't
Some situations are beyond your control and no matter what you do, you can't change a thing. You're making yourself upset when you focus your time and energy on things you can't control. You should focus on the things that are within your control. 4(____).
Realize you've come a long way
Sometimes we get so focused on the road ahead that we never look back to see what we've already travelled. 5(____). This will give yourself much confidence when you realize that you've already made so much progress and the light at the end of the tunnel will get brighter.
Be kind to yourself
You need to care for yourself to survive tough times. Take a walk through the park, enjoy a cup of coffee, read an amazing book, etc.
It doesn't matter what you do, just do something that gets your mind and body engaged at a higher level than wallowing in selfpity.
A．Avoid the hard times
B．Learn from the hard times
C．Write down everything you've already done
D．What you should do next is to go on travelling without thinking too much
E．I'm not saying that you can never have a bad day, or get a little discouraged
F．It's during the difficult times that we need a little more support and guidance
G．Because that's the only way you can make a change that's actually going to help you
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章关于如何度过艰难的时期给出了五点建议。
1．答案：F
解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据后文“Here's how to make getting through hard times less difficult”可知，空格处应指出应对人生困难时期的方法。F选项“在困难时期，我们需要更多的支持和指导”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
2．答案：E
解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据下文“But I am saying you have to eventually adjust your mood and start moving forward.(但我是说你最终必须调整情绪，继续生活。)”可知，针对“保持积极”进行进一步的解释说明。E选项“我并不是说你永远不会有糟糕的一天，或者感到一点沮丧”符合语境。故选E项。
3．答案：B
解析：设题位置法解题。根据下文内容“...I like to pick everything apart and see what went wrong and what I could have done differently. I always end up learning something that helps me...”可知，此部分主要说明了从困难中发现对自己有帮助的东西，即从困难中学习。B选项“从困难时期中学习”符合语境。故选B项。
4．答案：G
解析：关联逻辑法解题。本句为本段最后一句，根据上文“You should focus on the things that are within your control.”可知，应说明“你应该把注意力集中在你能控制的事情上”的原因。G选项“因为这是你做出真正对你有帮助的改变的唯一方法”符合语境，故选G项。
5．答案：C
解析：关联逻辑法解题。后文“This will give yourself much confidence when you realize that you've already made so much progress and the light at the end of the tunnel will get brighter.”指出了这样做的意义。由此可知，所填的句子应该是回顾过去的一种方法。C选项“写下你已经做过的所有事情”符合语境。故选C项。Part Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________v. 预测，预报
2．________n. 紧急情况，不测事件
3．________v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
4．________n. 危机
5．________n. 人造卫星
6．________ vi.依赖；依靠→________ adj.可靠的，可信赖的→________ adj.不可靠的→________ n．可靠性
7．________ v. & n．营救，解救→________ n．求助者
8．________ adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的→________ adv.例外地，异常地，特殊地；极其，非常
9．________ n．威胁；征兆→________ v．恐吓；对……构成威胁，危及，威胁到
10．precise adj.精确的，准确的→________ adv.精确地；准确地
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①leave out 省略；遗漏，忽视
②than usual 比平时
③in history 在历史上
④consist of 由……组成
⑤pay attention to 注意
⑥result in 导致，造成
⑦lead to 导致，造成
⑧over time 随着时间的推移
⑨listen out for 注意听
⑩suffer from 遭受
1)reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的)
(教材原句)So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
因此，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查看官方的科学报告。
It is not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.
仅仅以貌取人是不可靠的。
It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others.
与其求人，不如求己。
You can rely on it that he can lend you a hand whenever it's necessary.
你可以相信在任何必要的时候，他都会向你伸出援助之手。
[考点归纳]
(1)unreliable adj. 不可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely on/upon 依靠；依赖
rely on sb. to do sth.＝rely on sb.'s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that...＝depend on it that... 相信……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That young man is honest, cooperative, and always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely).
②Though he has shortcomings, he is a person ________ (rely) on.
③If my car had been more ________ (rely), I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
④You may rely on ________ that he will make up for the loss.
⑤Many working women rely on parents ________ (help) look after their children.
2)rescue n．营救，解救，救助，抢救)
(教材原句)International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.
国际救援队很快开始抵达该国。
When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
就是在当地向导的帮助下，登山者获救了。
[考点归纳]
rescue sb./sth. from... 把……从……营救出来
come to sb.'s rescue(＝rescue sb.) 营救某人
a rescue team 救援队
rescue workers 救援人员
rescuer n. 救助者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Luckily, the boy ________ (rescue) just minutes before the house fell down.
②I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas ________ (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
③你可以相信当我们陷入困境的时候，我们的政府会来救我们的。
You can rely on it that when we are in trouble, our government will __________________．
④当救援人员把被埋的孩子从废墟中救出时，人群爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
The crowd burst into thunderous applause as rescuers _______________________．
3)claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称，断言；索要，索取 n．声称，断言；索赔)
(教材原句)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。
It is claimed that some doctors work 80 hours a week.
据说一些医生每周工作80个小时。
He claims to have found a temple on the peak.
他声称在山顶发现了一座寺庙。
They have made a claim for the loss caused by the accident.
他们已经为事故造成的损失提出索赔。
[考点归纳]
(1)claim one's life 夺去某人的生命
claim to do sth. 声称要做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim that... 声称……
It's claimed that... 据称……
(2)make a claim for... 为……提出索赔；就……提出要求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/写出下列句中claim的含义
①They claim ________ (have) a 40% worldwide market share.
②He claims ________ he has met the movie star, but I don't believe him.
→He claims ________ (meet) the movie star, but I don't believe him.
③Since the criminal set fire on your goods, you could make a claim ________ damages.
④They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.________
⑤Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident？________
⑥Some of the early claims that were made were false.________
⑦The car crash claimed three lives.________
4)threaten v．威胁到，危及，威胁，恐吓)
(教材原句)It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，威胁到950多万人的生计。
The attacker threatened them with a gun.
袭击者用枪威胁他们。
She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign.
对于将辞职的要挟付诸行动，她已做好了思想准备。
(应用文之环境保护)Global warming is such a great threat that all the reasons behind this deserve to be explored.
全球变暖是如此巨大的威胁，所有背后的原因都值得探讨。
[考点归纳]
(1)threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事
(2)threat n. 威胁
a threat to sb./sth. 对某人/某物的威胁
under threat 受到威胁
(3)threatening adj. 有威胁性的；危险的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His voice sounds ________ (threaten).
②Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only leads to serious problems such as global warming but also could ________ (threat) to end human life on our planet.
③If their habitat ________ (threaten) or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease.
④只有当我们学会和自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生动植物的威胁。
(应用文之环境保护) Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature will we not be ________________ to wildlife.
⑤实际上，自然界的许多地方都受到威胁。
(应用文之环境保护)Indeed, many parts of the natural world are ________________．
省略(Ellipsis)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。
1．It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
2．My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low.
3．It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!
4．Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last.
[归纳填空] 为了避免重复、保持语言的简洁，英语中也会出现________现象。如：
①句1中deepest后省略了________；
②句2中so后省略了________；
③句3中but后省略了________；
④句4中last后省略了________。
精要点拨
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
二、省略的用法
1．简单句中的省略
感叹句中常省略主语和谓语；在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
What a hot day (it is)！多热的天啊！
How wonderful (it is)！多妙啊！
—(Will you) Have a smoke？——你抽烟吗？
—No. Thanks.——不，谢谢了。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
Why (do you) talk so much about it
为什么大谈这件事呢？
2．并列句中的省略
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。
(2)主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者均可以省略。
(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
(4)在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
3．复合句中的省略
(1)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。
I am very fond of the new dress (that/which) you bought for me.
我非常喜欢你给我买的这条新裙子。
The way (that) he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的方法很简单。
(2)状语从句
在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴。
Don't come in until (you are) asked to.
不叫你时，请你不要进来。
(3)宾语从句
在宾语从句中可省略连接词that。
I'm sure (that) you'll succeed sooner or later.
我相信你早晚会成功的。
[名师点津] 宾语从句中的that通常可以省略，但下列情况不能省略：
①it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important job.
他们想让公众清楚他们做的是一件重要的工作。
②两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的不能省略。
The report shows (that) we have made some progress, but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告表明，我们已经取得了一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。
③省略一个从句或从句中的一部分，用so或not代替
—Is he coming back tonight？他今晚回来吗？
—I think so.(＝I think he is coming back tonight.)我想是的。
—Is he feeling better today
他今天感觉好点了吗？
—I'm afraid not.(＝I'm afraid he is not feeling better today.)恐怕没有。
4．动词不定式的省略
(1)有些动词(词组)：如want、wish、expect、 hope、would like、try、forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
Don't tell me the name of your friend if you don't want to.
如果你不愿意，就不要告诉我你朋友的名字。
(2)感官动词(词组)：如see、hear、 listen to、notice、watch等和使役动词如 make、let、have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
I saw him enter the room just now.
→He was seen to enter the room just now.
我看见他刚刚进了房间。
(3)介词but/except/besides前面若有动词do时，后面不定式的to通常省略。
He did nothing but wait.
除了等，他什么都没做。
5．虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were、had、 should提前构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday, you could have met her.
如果你昨天来这里的话，你就会见到她了。
(2)在一坚持(insist)、二命令(order、command)、三建议(suggest、propose、advise)、四要求(demand、require、request、ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...从句中常省略should。
It is suggested that we (should) study hard during our schooldays.
人们建议我们在学生时代要好好学习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You have to demonstrate that you are ________ (rely). Otherwise, they dare not accept you.
2．On ________ (arrive) there, they set about doing the experiment.
3．Yesterday's weather forecast was ________ (exceptional) accurate.
4．They claim ________ (discover) a cure for the disease.
5．She grabbed a knife and threatened ________ (kill) the thief if he didn't hand over the stolen necklace.
6．He pronounced the word in English very slowly and ________ (precise).
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn that she got from the iron was red and ____________．
2．Just take a short break if you are tired.
→Just take a short break ________．
3．I would do it for you, but I don't know how to do it for you.
→I would do it for you, but I don't know ________.
4．They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents.
→They didn't visit their parents as much as they ________．
5．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but ____________．
6．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but his brother ________．
7．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as if ________________．
8．Wood gives off much smoke while it is burning.
→Wood gives off much smoke ____________．
9．Whenever it is possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
→________________， they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
10. He runs as fast as Bob runs.
→He runs as fast as ________．
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．过马路时要小心汽车。
Look out for cars ________________________．
2．正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。
They attended the meeting on time ____________________________________．
3．他比预期晚回来三天。
He came back three days later ______________________________．
4．——明天天气会放晴吗？
——我希望是这样。
—Will it clear up tomorrow
—I ____________________________．
5．当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢”或“你太好了”。
________________， one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十七）
Part Ⅱ Using language
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．forecast 2.emergency 3.claim 4.crisis 5.satellite
6．rely; reliable; unreliable; reliability 7.rescue; rescuer
8．exceptional; exceptionally 9.threat; threaten 10.precisely
要点精研·考点突破
1．①reliable ②to rely ③reliable ④it ⑤to help
2．①was rescued ②rescued ③come to our rescue
④rescued the buried child from the ruins
3．①to have ②that; to have met ③for ④声称 ⑤索要 ⑥断言 ⑦夺去(生命)
4．①threatening ②threaten ③is threatened ④a threat ⑤under threat
语法精讲·核心突破
[归纳填空] 省略
①lines ②it is ③it is ④summer
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．reliable 2.arriving 3.exceptionally 4.to have discovered
5．to kill 6.precisely
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．very painful 2.if tired 3.how to 4.ought to 5.most haven't 6.will not 7.waiting for someone 8.while burning
9．Whenever possible 10.Bob
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．when crossing the street 2.as planned 3.than expected 4.hope so 5.When offered help
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