外研版高中英语必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Part Ⅱ Using language学案

Part Ⅱ　Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________ adj. 被动的
2．________ prep. 无法……
3．________ n. 例子，实例
4．________ n. 天文学家
5．________ n. 生物学家
6．________ n. 小河，小溪
7．________ adj. 非凡的，出色的
8．________ adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
9．________ n. 学说，理论
10．________ n. 药剂；疗法
11．________ adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义
12．________ v．使受伤，弄伤→________ adj.受伤的→________ n．伤害，损害
13．________ adj.精确的→________ adv.准确地→________ n．准确(性)；精确(程度)
14．________ n．起源，起因→originate v．起源于；发源于→________ adj.起初的；原先的；原来的
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①to date 迄今，到目前为止
②due to 由于，归因于
③for instance 例如
④name...after... 以……的名字命名
⑤field research 实地研究，实地调研
⑥make an advance towards 在……方面取得进展
⑦the majority of 大多数
⑧be recognized as 被认为是
1)beyond prep.无法……；超出(某个数量、水平或限度)；晚于，迟于；除……之外　adv.在更远处，往更远处；在……较远的一边)
(教材原句)Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.
在未来的80年里，3D打印可能会让我们的生活发生翻天覆地的变化。
(应用文之旅游)The scenery along the lake is beautiful beyond description.湖边的景色美得难以形容。
The problem was quite beyond him.
他根本无法理解这个问题。
[考点归纳]
beyond comparison/compare 无与伦比
beyond control 无法/难以控制
beyond doubt 无疑地；确定地
beyond description/expression/recognition 无法描述/表达/辨认
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The town centre had changed __________________________________ (认不出来).
②The whole problem was hard to solve. It __________________________________ (他无法理解).
③他的成功令人难以置信，因为他的对手非常有经验。
His success was ________________________ since his competitor was so experienced.
④她在昨天音乐会上的表演无与伦比。
Her performance at yesterday's concert was __________________________．
2)significant adj.重要的，影响深远的)
(应用文之人物介绍)What he has done for the disabled is significant.
他为残疾人所做的事有很重要的意义。
Most people attach great significance to education. 大多数人重视教育。
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering from heart problems.
这种新药的发现对患有心脏病的人具有重要意义。
[考点归纳]
(1)play a significant role in 在……中发挥重要作用
It is significant that... ……很重要。
be significant＝be of significance 重要的
(2)attach (great/little) significance to认为……(很/几乎不)重要
be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不/几乎不)重要
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the ________ (significant) of it.
②Learning strategies，________ which the teachers attach significance, haven't drawn enough attention of students.
③The new drug has great ________ (significant) for the treatment of the disease.
④The plan to be carried out is ________ great significance to people's life there.
⑤It is very significant for us to acquire a good knowledge of English.
→It is ______________________ for us to acquire a good knowledge of English.
3)injure v．使受伤，弄伤)
(教材原句)And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3Dprinted shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
而且不仅仅是人类受益——在巴西，人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印的龟壳！
(读后续写之动作描写)She fell and slightly injured her arm.她跌倒了，胳膊受了轻伤。
The main thing is to attend to the injured.首要任务是照顾伤者。
Don't do that. You will do yourself an injury.
别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。
Too much smoking will injure the voice.吸烟太多会损害嗓音。
[考点归纳]
(1)injure v. 使受伤；弄伤；伤害；损害
injure health 损害健康
injure badly/seriously/severely 严重受伤
injure slightly 轻微受伤
(2)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(3)injury n. 伤害；损伤
do sb. an injury 使某人受伤害
slight/serious/severe injury 轻/重伤
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①The ________ (injure) was quite painful and I couldn't move my arm for a month—I hated that.
②Don't get over the fence—you'll do yourself an ________ (injure).
③A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles ________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
④The people who were injured in the earthquake were sent to the nearest hospital at once.(用非谓语动词作定语改写)
→________________ in the earthquake were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
4)cure vt.治愈；治好　n．疗法，治疗；药剂)
(教材原句)Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目前，还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善患有这种疾病的人的生活质量的方法。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
At one point doctors couldn't cure TB/cure people of TB.
医生曾经无法治愈肺结核/肺结核病人。
[考点归纳]
(1)cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为
(2)a cure for sth. 某疾病的治疗方法
There is no cure for... 没有办法治愈……
[辨析]　cure强调“治愈”(结果)
treat强调“治疗”(过程)
treat sb. for sth.治疗某人的病
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/选词填空(treat/cure)
①Although this medicine can cure you ________ your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
②The government is trying to seek a good cure ________ unemployment.
③Seeing her sick son finally ________ (cure) by the doctor, the mother wore a smile of relief.
④It was considerate of Michael to inform us ________ his delay in case we got worried.
⑤The dentist ________ my teeth, but he didn't ________ them.
现在完成时的被动语态(Present perfect passive)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成。
1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
2．In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
3．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
4．I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself.
5．Nothing like this has been invented yet.
[归纳填空]　①句中黑体部分的共同特点是：_________________________。
②黑体部分的动词和句子的主语之间皆为________关系。
③句中黑体部分动作的发出者明确吗？________。为什么？________________________
精要点拨
现在完成时的被动语态强调动作或状态在说话之前已经结束或持续到现在并对现在产生影响或造成结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。
一、构成
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shaperecognition abilities to a human twoyearold.
戈芬凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，已经被证明具有与人类两岁孩子相似的形状识别能力。
Haven't you been informed of the date of the interview
你还没有被告知面试日期吗？
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
二、用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被维修)
[名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already 已经(常用于肯定句)
yet 已经(常用于否定句或一般疑问句)
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
by now 到现在为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
3．现在完成时的被动语态的否定和疑问句式
(1)现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“主语＋ have/has＋not＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。
The car has not been repaired.
这辆汽车还没有修好。
(2)现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have/Has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。
—Has her work been finished
——她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes，it has.
——是的，完成了。
—Have the cars been repaired
——这些汽车修好了吗？
—No，they haven't.
——不，还没有。
(3)现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“特殊疑问词＋ have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。
How long has her work been finished
她的工作完成多久了？
三、现在完成时的被动语态使用须知
1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。
2．现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
时态 动作发生 的时间 对现在 的影响
一般过去时的被动语态 过去 无影响
现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有影响
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
大火在两个小时前就被扑灭了。
The big fire has been put out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
3．被动语态句子中的主语是行为动作的承受者。
如happen, cost, last, take place, break out, belong to等不及物动词或词组就没有被动形式。
With a lot of progress made, great changes have taken place in our school since 2016.
自2016年以来，我们学校取得了很大的进步，发生了很大的变化。
4．由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, marry, open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，若与这些时间状语连用，需要改换动词或时态。
译：这本书买了多久了？
误：How long has this book been bought
正：When was this book bought？/How long have you had the book？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More than 100 famous films ________ (show) in the city since July.
2．How many cars ________ (produce) in the factory since 1990
3．Three new schools ________ (open) in our city in the past five years.
4．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.
5．—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry, but it ________ (take) already.
6．It's said that the bridge ________ (close) for repairs for months.
7．Our classroom ________ (clean), you needn't clean it now.
Ⅱ.短语填空
pay attention to, as...as, name after, due to, along with，be regarded as, the number of, for instance
1．These data are not _________ accurate _________ those taken from the field research.
2．On the Origin of Species explains changes in species ____________ natural selection.
3．The painting ____________ one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.
4．____________ the language that describes careers as astronomer, chemist and biologist.
5．____________ families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.
6．Phillimore Island ____________ its discoverer, Sir Robert Phillimore.
7．I was prepared to go ____________ whatever the majority decided.
8．These jobs are more dangerous than truck driving, ____________， training lions.
Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态
1．Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．The programmer has programmed the robots to act just like human beings.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．They have put the computer into a robot.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．We have already finished the work.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．He has given the child some interesting books.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．Have they returned the book yet
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（八）
Part Ⅱ　Using language
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．passive　2.beyond　3.instance　4.astronomer　5.biologist
6．stream　7.extraordinary　8.brilliant　9.theory　10.cure
11．significant　12.injure; injured; injury　13.accurate; accurately; accuracy　14.origin; original
要点精研·考点突破
1．①beyond recognition　②was beyond him　③beyond belief
④beyond compare/comparison
2．①significance　②to　③significance　④of　⑤of great significance
3．①injury　②injury　③was injured　④The people injured
4．①of　②for　③cured　④of　⑤treated; cure
语法精讲·核心突破
[归纳填空]　①都是have/has been done格式　②被动
③不明确；因为不知道或没必要说出
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．have been shown　2.have been produced　3.have been opened　4.have taken　5.has been taken　6.has been closed
7．has been cleaned
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．as；as　2.due to　3.is regarded as　4.Pay attention to
5．The number of　6.is named after　7.along with
8．for instance
Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态
1．Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.
2．The robots have been programmed to act just like human beings by the programmer.
3．The computer has been put into a robot by them.
4．The work has already been finished by us.
5．The child has been given some interesting books by him./Some interesting books have been given to the child by him.
6．Has the book been returned by them yet
7．The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.
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