外研版高中英语必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Part Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas学案

Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 射出(光线等)，放射
②________ adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
③________ n. 电池
④________ n. 东西，物品
⑤________ v．按→pressure n．压力，挤压
⑥________ adj.有能力的→capability n．能力，才能
⑦________ n．渴望，欲望　v．渴望，想要→desired adj.期望得到的，希望实现的
⑧________ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①gunpowder A．v.计算
(　　)②compass B．n.火药
(　　)③compute C．n.指南针，罗盘
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 除此之外，另外
2．________________ 就……而言；在……方面
3．________________ 多亏；幸亏；由于
4．________________ 有……的能力
5．________________ 以……开始
6．never say never ________________
7．lead to ________________
8．as well as ________________
9．think of ________________
10．what's more ________________
11．no doubt ________________
12．at the moment ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．as well as连接并列名词
虚拟现实，可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的进步意味着我们将很快看到进一步的发展。
Advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, ___________， ________ we should soon be seeing further developments.
2．It is＋adj.＋to do sth.
就环境而言，现在可以制造智能的可行走的房屋。
In terms of the environment, ________________ an intelligent walking house.
3．强调句型的特殊疑问句
那么是什么激励我们发明东西呢？
So ________________ inspires us to invent things
4．what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句
但是仍然重要的是我们有一个难以置信的思考和创造的愿望，这才是真正的发明精神。
But ________________ is ________________________________， and that's the real spirit of invention.
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
2．What's the main idea of the passage
We are in the new age of ______. A lot of today's great inventions are _____ and _______ inspires invention.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What does the passage aim to do
A．To introduce a new book.
B．To introduce a famous writer.
C. To inspire people to invent things.
D．To discuss inventions with a writer.
2．Why does Richard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China
A．To prove the golden ages of invention in history.
B．To tell us the importance of the four inventions.
C. To share his knowledge about the four inventions.
D. To compare them with the great Western inventions.
3．What new inventions are NOT mentioned in the text
A．Virtual reality and wearable tech.
B．The flexible battery and the 3D printers.
C．The inventions made by Richard.
D．The replacement of human organs.
4．What is Richard's attitude to inventing a time machine
A．Negative. B．Optimistic.
C．Critical. D．Supportive.
5．What does “Never say never” mean according to the passage
A．There is no royal road to learning.
B．Anything is possible.
C．A man becomes learned by asking questions.
D．Experience is the mother of wisdom.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
Read the interview carefully and find the sentences to describe the advances in medicine and environmental science.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①pleasure n．快乐；快乐的事(人)
It's a pleasure to do sth. 做……是快乐的
②suggest v．表明；建议
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest that... suggest
表“建议”，其后跟宾语从句，从句往往使用should do结构，should可省略；suggest作“表明，暗示”之意时，其后跟that从句不用虚拟语气
③throughout history在整个历史上
in history在历史上
with a long history有一段悠久的历史
④gunpowder/'g n pa d / n．火药
⑤compass/'k mp s/n.指南针，罗盘
⑥the steam engine蒸汽机
⑦techbased adj.基于高科技的
⑧advance n．& v．发展；进步；前进
advance towards朝……前进/进步
in advance提前
⑨virtual /'v t u l/adj.虚拟的，模拟的
virtual reality虚拟现实
⑩wearable tech可穿戴技术
as well as也；和……一样
as well也；和(往往用于句尾)
flexible /'fleksIb( )l/adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的
battery /'b t( )ri/n.电池
in addition除此之外，另外
thanks to由于；幸亏
be used to do被用来做……
be used to doing习惯于……
replacement n．替代；代替
[教材原文]
The New Age of Invention
Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages. This evening, I'll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published 【1】. Welcome, Richard!
【1】whose引导非限制性定语从句，whose在定语从句中充当定语；后面的has just been published为现在完成时的被动语态。
Richard: Thank you. It's a pleasure① to be here.
Interviewer: I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. It suggests② that the present day is a new age for inventions 【2】， but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
【2】本句是that引导的宾语从句，作动词suggests的宾语，suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，故宾语从句中没有用虚拟语气(should)＋do的形式。
Richard: Well, that's an interesting point. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history③. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder④， papermaking, printing and the compass⑤. These things changed the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine⑥， the telephone and the radio. And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology【3】．
【3】本句中的find oneself in...表示“发现自己置身于……(状况、境况)之中”，介词短语in...作宾语补足语。
Interviewer: So are most of the new great inventions techbased⑦？
Richard: A lot, yes. For example, advances⑧ in virtual⑨ reality and wearable tech⑩， as well as the flexible battery ， mean we should soon be seeing further developments 【4】. In addition ， important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
【4】本句主语为advances，谓语动词是mean。in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery作定语，修饰advances。
Interviewer: Can you give us some examples
Richard: Sure. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house【5】. It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs” 【6】. What's more ， huge advances in solar technology mean it can be ecofriendly, too.
[课文译文]
新发明时代
采访人：晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。今晚的嘉宾是理查德·费尔赫斯特博士，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。欢迎，理查德！
理查德：谢谢。很高兴来到这里。
采访人：我想有人已经问过你关于你的书名的问题了。它表明今天是新发明时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。
理查德：嗯，这是个有趣的观点。历史上有发明的黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。这些东西永远地改变了世界。然后是西方的伟大发明：蒸汽机、电话和收音机。现在，我们发现自己处于一个伟大的新技术时代。
采访人：那么，大多数新的伟大发明都是科技产品吗？
理查德：是的，很多都是。例如，虚拟现实技术、可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的进步，意味着我们应该很快就能看到进一步的发展。此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
采访人：您能给我们举几个例子吗？
理查德：当然。像3D打印机这样的新发明已经应用于制造移植心脏和部分骨骼。在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能可移动房屋。它能够使用GPS技术到不同的地方旅行，通过计算技术控制它的“腿”。此外，太阳能技术的巨大进步意味着它也可以是环保的。
in terms of依据；按照；就……而言；以……措辞
capable/'keIp b( )l/adj.有能力的
be capable of有……能力
compute /k m'pju t/ v．计算
what's more况且；而且
stuff/st f/n.东西，物品
work as担任；以……身份而工作
inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人去做某事
start with以……开始
solution n．解决
lead to导致；促成
desire /dI'zaI /
n．渴望，欲望
one's desire to do sth. 某人做某事的渴望
at the moment此刻；此时
never say never别轻易说决不
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【5】句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to create an intelligent walking house。
【6】此处为with的复合结构，结构为“with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语”。
Interviewer: Impressive stuff ！ I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself. Is that correct
Richard: Yes, I am, but I'm only one member of a big team—most inventors now work as part of big international teams.
Interviewer: I see. So what is it that inspires us to invent things 【7】？
【7】本句为强调句型在特殊疑问句中的运用，其基本构成为：特殊疑问词＋is it that＋其他成分。强调句型最大的特点就是把其基本结构(It's...that/who...)去掉之后，剩余部分仍然结构、句意完整。
Richard: Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution . This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car 【8】. Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles. But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention 【9】．
【8】本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中的developed into意为“发展成为……”。
【9】本句为what引导的主语从句，句子的主语是what remains important；后面是that引导的表语从句。
Interviewer: One last question. This is the one everyone really wants to know: will anybody ever invent a time machine
Richard: I think you've been watching too many movies! Nothing like this has been invented yet and I'd say we're a long way from an invention like that at the moment ！ But, as they say, “Never say never ！”,采访人：真是令人印象深刻的发明！我还听说你自己就是个发明家。是吗？
理查德：是的，我是。但我只是一个大团队中的一员，现在大多数发明家都在大型国际团队中工作。
采访人：我知道了。那么是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？
理查德：大多数发明都是从认识到需要解决的问题开始的。毫无疑问，这就是古代发明轮子的原因，后来轮子演变成了汽车。现在，能源供应的减少和环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的更大进步。但仍然重要的是，我们有去思考和创造的极大的渴望，这才是真正的发明精神。
采访人：最后一个问题。这是一个每个人都想知道的问题：有人会发明时光机器吗？
理查德：我想你电影看太多了！目前还没有像这样的发明，我想说的是，目前，我们离这样的发明还有很长的路要走！但是，正如人们所说，“凡事没有绝对！”
1)press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫　n．按；印刷；新闻界)
(教材原句)Presently I am going to press the lever, and off the machine will go.
现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就开动了。
(读后续写之动作描写)Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
出于好奇，小女孩把鼻子贴在橱窗上。
[考点归纳]
(1)press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
press sth. against 使某物贴着
(2)pressure n. 压力
relieve the pressure 缓解压力
under the pressure of 在……的压力下
peer pressure 同伴压力；同龄压力
apply pressure to 施加压力
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The nurse applied ________ (press) to his arm to stop the bleeding.
②The military was pressed ________ (make) a final decision as soon as possible.
③________ the pressure of internal and external environment, employees are faced with many psychological problems.
④青少年发现很难抵抗同龄人的压力，这使得他们需要成年人的帮助。
Teenagers find it difficult to resist ________________， which makes them in need of assistance from adults.
2)shoot (shot；shot) v. 射出(光线等)，放射，射门，拍摄)
(教材原句)A faint blue light shot across it, darkening to purple, and presently she could see the image of her son, who lived on the other side of the earth, and he could see her.
一道微弱的蓝光射过它，暗到紫色，不一会儿她就能看见她儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也能看见她。
He shot from the middle of the field and still managed to score.他在中场投篮，仍成功得分。
[考点归纳]
(1)shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb. (dead) 击毙某人
shoot a movie 拍电影
shoot a basket 投篮得分
shoot up 猛增
shoot at... 朝……射击
(2)shooting n. 枪击，枪杀
(3)shoot n. 嫩芽，新枝；拍摄
(4)shot n. 开枪，射门，投篮
take a shot of 给……拍照
take a shot at 朝……开枪
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He ordered her to shoot ________ the apple with one of her arrows.
②The cruel man took a ________ (shoot) at the bird, but missed.
③The murderer shot the expert in ________ back and stole the document from his suitcase.
④I took ________ shot of the beautiful scenery in the desert.
⑤The movie ________ (shoot) in black and white.
⑥The police had orders ________ (shoot) anyone who attacked them.
⑦他向一只鸟射击，但没有射中。
He is ________ a bird, but he doesn't ________．
3)desire n. 渴望，欲望，愿望　vt. 渴望，期望；想要)
(教材原句)But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention.但仍然重要的是，我们有去思考和创造的极大的渴望，这才是真正的发明精神。
(应用文之建议信)Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well, I'd like to offer you some suggestions.
知道你有学好汉语的强烈愿望，我想给你一些建议。
He desires that I should go abroad for further education.
＝He desires me to go abroad for further education.
他希望我能出国深造。
[考点归纳]
(2)desire to do sth. 　　　　　　　　渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that... (should) do sth. 渴望……做某事
[名师点津]　desire既可以用作名词，也可以作动词。作名词时，后面的名词性从句以及作动词时的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire ________ (learn) online.
②The public desired that the result ________ (make) in public.
③I desire ________ (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.
④Artificial intelligence may satisfy human's real ________ (desire) one day.
⑤每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
Everyone ________________ success while success only belongs to people who are hardworking.(v. desire)
＝Everyone ________________ success while success only belongs to people who are hardworking.(n. desire)
4)in addition 此外，另外，除此之外)
(教材原句)In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
(应用文之申请信)In addition, I have taken part in several drama plays and performed well.
此外，我还参加了几部戏剧，表演得很好。
In addition to taking regular exercise every day, the retired professor took up many hobbies such as gardening and photography.除了每天有规律地进行锻炼之外，这位退休的教授还有许多业余爱好，诸如园艺、摄影等。
[辨析]　in addition(＝as well/besides)相当于副词，单独作状语，可用于句首、句中或句尾。
in addition to(＝as well as/besides/apart from)是短语介词，意为“除……之外(还)”，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The company provides cheap Internet access. ________ addition, it makes shareware (共享软件) freely available.
②In addition to ________ (provide) aid after a disaster, this project is training people to prepare before a disaster strikes.
③In ________，if you need _____ service, you have to pay some _______ charges.(addition)
④此外，夏令营为会员提供了参观一些博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好方法。
(应用文之告知信)________________， the summer camp provides a chance for members to visit some museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
5)in terms of 就……来说；从……角度)
(教材原句)In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋。
The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents' sex, age and nationality.这项调查的结果是从受采访者的性别、国籍、年龄这三个方面来分析的。
The sooner you come to terms with that, the better off you will be.你越早接受这一点，你就会过得越好。
[考点归纳]
come to terms with 与……达成协议；对……妥协；
接受；适应
be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好
in the long/short term 就长远/短期而言
[熟词生义]　term n．术语
I think it's unkind to describe the ship in those terms．
我认为用那些术语来描述这条船是不友好的。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①从长期来看，他们所做的事情对环境是有利的。
What they have done is good for the environment ________________________________．
②这么多年来我们和邻居的关系一直很好。
We have been __________________________________________ with our neighbors for all these years.
③克鲁索的身材还不够好，但他出色的技术弥补了这个不足。
Crusoe isn't good enough ________________________________________ figure, but his outstanding skill makes up for it.
6)(教材原句)So what is it that inspires us to invent things？
那么是什么激励我们发明东西呢？
[句式解构]　(1)本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句。强调句型的基本结构：It is＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他。该句中被强调的部分是特殊疑问词what。当被强调的部分指物时，其后只能用that；当被强调的部分指人时，其后用that/who均可。
(2)句中的inspires us to invent things是inspire sb. to do sth.结构，意为“激励某人做某事”。
(应用文之活动介绍)It was last Sunday that witnessed a 5km crosscountry running race held by our school.
上周日，我们学校举办了一场5千米越野跑比赛。
(读后续写之情感描写)It was not only the breakfast, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much.
打动她的不仅是早餐，还有孩子们对她的爱。
[名师点津]　
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
②Bach died in 1750, but ________ was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognised.
③It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that ________ (make) life happy.
④Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag
⑤Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry
⑥直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
It was not until __________________ that ________ how much time I had wasted.
7)(教材原句)But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create..., 但仍然重要的是，我们有去思考和创造的极大的渴望……
[句式解构]　
what引导的主语从句＋is that...
在“what引导的主语从句＋is that...”句式中，that引导表语从句，that不能省略。该结构常见的表达有：
What impresses me most is that...让我印象最深刻的是……
What surprises me most is that...让我最惊讶的是……
What really matters is that...真正重要的是……
What annoys me most is that...让我最恼怒的是……
What impresses me most is that Helen Keller graduated from Harvard University.
让我印象最深刻的是海伦·凯勒毕业于哈佛大学。
What really matters is that the giver should do more than simply hand over the money.
真正重要的是，捐赠人应该做的不应仅仅是出钱。
What annoys me most is that every time I turn around，he seems to be checking up on me.
最使我恼怒的是，每次我回头看时，他都好像在监视着我。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①______________________________________ (最激动人心的) is that we can set off fireworks when New Year is coming.
②____________________________________________ (夏令营最吸引我的) is that I can take part in colorful activities.
③__________________________________________ (最使我恼怒的) while travelling is that people just drop litter everywhere.
④___________________________________________ (最使我吃惊的) is that you two are brothers.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This is just a toy gun—it doesn't ________ (发射) real bullets.
2．________ (火药) was used in China as far back as the 11th century.
3．A ________ (指南针) is an instrument for finding direction, with a needle that always points to the north.
4．5G is also expected to connect selfdriving cars and support new technologies involving ________ (虚拟的) reality.
5．I left my car lights on all night and now the ________ (电池) is flat.
6．Smokejumpers must also be ________ (有能力的) of surviving in the wilderness.
7．Could you move all that ________ (东西) off the table
8．Reading satisfies my ________ (渴望) to keep learning.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great ________ (press) on me.
2．He shot ________ the bird with his gun but missed it.
3．The world is ____________ (flexible) than you think and it's waiting for you to hammer it into shape.
4．The hall is capable ________ holding about three hundred people.
5．The funds for the project ____________ (compute) soon.
6．The four great ________ (invent) in Ancient China are gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass.
7．This kind of book is for children ________ native language is Chinese.
8．________ I told him was that I would find him a good play.
9．When the Snow White came to herself, she found ________ (she) surrounded by seven dwarves.
10．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
Ⅲ.短语填空
become a reality, instead of, as well as, in addition, thanks to, in terms of, be capable of, work as, develop into, lead to
1．The scenery in my hometown is very beautiful. ________________， you can taste the delicious local food.
2．I believe I ________________ handling the problem.
3．He moved to England in 1980 and he ________________ a journalist there.
4．Through years of efforts, our company ________________ one of the largest companies in textile industry.
5．Going to the moon, which was once considered fantastic in the past, _________ already.
6．To our surprise, the girl's luggage was filled with books ________________ beautiful clothes.
7．It was his carelessness that ________________ his failure.
8．________________ salary, the job is good, but it is really stressful.
9．Helen ________________ I is eager to see the performance tonight.
10．________________ your help, we finished the work ahead of time.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（七）
Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①shoot　②virtual　③battery　④stuff　⑤press
⑥capable　⑦desire　⑧flexible
2．①B　②C　③A
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．in addition　2.in terms of　3.thanks to　4.be capable of　5.start with　6.别轻易说决不　7.导致　8.也，又，同　9.想起　10.此外，而且　11.无疑，很可能　12.现在，目前
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．as well as the flexible battery; mean
2．it is now possible to create
3．what is it that
4．what remains important; that we have an incredible desire to think and create
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①title　②past　③gunpowder　④the compass　⑤the telephone　⑥techbased　⑦walking house　⑧inventors　⑨solution　⑩create
2．invention; techbased; the desire to solve problems
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．D　2.A　3.C　4.B　5.B√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。
2．发现某个需要解决的问题，这是大多数发明的起点。
3．不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
(1)New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
(2)In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
(3)It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”．
(4)What's more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be ecofriendly, too.
要点精研·考点突破
1．①pressure　②to make　③Under　④peer pressure
2．①at　②shot　③the　④a　⑤was shot　⑥to shoot
⑦shooting at; shoot it
3．①to learn　②(should) be made　③to contact　④desires　⑤desires to achieve; has a desire for
4．①In　②providing　③addition; additional; additional
④In addition
5．①in the long term　②on good terms　③in terms of
6．①that　②it　③makes　④where；that　⑤that　⑥I began to work; I realized
7．①What excites us most　②What attracts me most of the summer camps　③What annoys me most　④What surprises me most
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shoot　2.Gunpowder　3.compass　4.virtual　5.battery
6．capable　7.stuff　8.desire
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．pressure　2.at　3.more flexible　4.of　5.will be computed
6．inventions　7.whose　8.What　9.herself　10.that
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．In addition　2.am capable of　3.worked as　4.has developed into　5.has become a reality　6.instead of　7.led to　8.In terms of　9.as well as　10.Thanks to
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