Unit 4 Space exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件（共24张）-2025-2026学年 人教版（2019）必修第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Space exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件（共24张）-2025-2026学年 人教版（2019）必修第三册 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-17 21:47:00 | ||
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(共24张PPT)
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Discovering useful structures
不定式概念
不定式作定语
不定式作状语
巩固与练习
不定式的概念
不定式概念
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种, 没有人称和数的变化, 在句中不能独立作谓语。
动词不定式既有名词、形容词和副词的某些语法功能, 又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
重点探究不定式作定语和状语。
不定式结构
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行式 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
基本结构: “ to + 动词原形”, to是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时to可省略。
否定形式: not to + 动词原形
不定式的语法功能
To live abroad is not easy.
She planned to visit her parents next week.
The question is how to get there.
The first person to come is Mr. Brown.
He went to France to learn French.
His father encouraged him to find a new job.
主语
宾补
状语
观察下面句子并分析划线部分在句中所作的成分。
宾语
表语
定语
不定式的语法功能
分析下面来自于课文的句子，确定不定式的语法功能。
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space.
作宾语
作目的状语
作定语
1. Scientists work hard to find answers.
2. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise
their dream to explore space.
3. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
4. America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September
1977 to study deep space.
5. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire
to explore the universe never died.
不定式的语法功能
观察分析下面的句子，确定不定式的语法功能。
目的状语
定语
定语
目的状语
定语
不定式作定语
不定式作定语
1
不定式作定语的位置
Some scientists helped humans realise their dream to explore space.
She is always the first student to arrive in the classroom.
We have a lot of homework to do this weekend.
动词不定式作定语: 通常是后置定语，即放在被修饰词后。
不定式作定语
2
不定式作定语的意义
Do you have anything to say
I need a pen to write down the important phone number.
I have a good news to share with you.
动词不定式作定语: 多表示将来的动作，即还未发生的动作。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之一
He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
He is the right person to do the job.
当名词是序数词或是被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only、the last，the right等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之二
In the past, women had no chance to go to school.
He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company.
I must keep the promise to pay on time.
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
当一些特定的名词（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）
如：ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure,
moment, promise, right, time, wish, way…
后面跟定语时，定语常用不定式。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之三
Do you have anything to say
There is nothing to worry about.
I want to get something to drink.
当不定代词something, nothing, anything后跟定语时，常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之四
I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.
Please give me some books to read.
He will show you the right path to take.
There is a lot of homework to do/to be done.
There is nothing to see/ to be seen.
在一些固定句型中，如 have / get / give / show sth to do或者there be句
型中，常用不定式充当定语。
不定式作状语
不定式作状语
1
不定式作目的状语
I come here to say good-bye to you.
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.
He promised to make all efforts in order to/so as to help us.
意为 “为了”, 可位于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语
气, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能用于句首。
不定式作状语
2
不定式作结果状语
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
He hurried to the school, only to find that it was Sunday.
He was late again, making Mr. Lee very angry with him.
动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；
现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的, 必然造成的结果。
不定式作状语
3
不定式作原因状语
I’m pleased to hear about your news.
She is proud to have won the first place.
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
常用于“sb. + be + adj. + to do”结构中, 形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。此类形容词多是sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
巩固与练习
1. In many homes, the first person __________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family．
2. The best way __________ (improve) your English is to join an English club．
3. Carol was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city．
4. These courses offer us opportunities__________ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art．
5. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own.
6. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience.
7. I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term.
巩固与练习
to wake
to improve
to experience
to change
to improve
to explore
to complete
1. ______________(become) an astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure.
2. The monitor signaled regularly __________ (warn) people of any danger.
3. __________ (get) there on time, we started early in the morning.
4. He worked day and night __________ (pay) off his debt.
5. We saved money every day ___________ (visit) the Great Wall in the end of the year.
6. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad ________ (find) them alive．
7. Would you be so kind ___________ (spare) some time to come and join us
巩固与练习
To become
to warn
To get
to pay
to visit
to find
to spare
巩固与练习
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _________ (use) the current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to achieve
using
to get
known
to store
to help
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Discovering useful structures
不定式概念
不定式作定语
不定式作状语
巩固与练习
不定式的概念
不定式概念
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种, 没有人称和数的变化, 在句中不能独立作谓语。
动词不定式既有名词、形容词和副词的某些语法功能, 又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
重点探究不定式作定语和状语。
不定式结构
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行式 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
基本结构: “ to + 动词原形”, to是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时to可省略。
否定形式: not to + 动词原形
不定式的语法功能
To live abroad is not easy.
She planned to visit her parents next week.
The question is how to get there.
The first person to come is Mr. Brown.
He went to France to learn French.
His father encouraged him to find a new job.
主语
宾补
状语
观察下面句子并分析划线部分在句中所作的成分。
宾语
表语
定语
不定式的语法功能
分析下面来自于课文的句子，确定不定式的语法功能。
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space.
作宾语
作目的状语
作定语
1. Scientists work hard to find answers.
2. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise
their dream to explore space.
3. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
4. America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September
1977 to study deep space.
5. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire
to explore the universe never died.
不定式的语法功能
观察分析下面的句子，确定不定式的语法功能。
目的状语
定语
定语
目的状语
定语
不定式作定语
不定式作定语
1
不定式作定语的位置
Some scientists helped humans realise their dream to explore space.
She is always the first student to arrive in the classroom.
We have a lot of homework to do this weekend.
动词不定式作定语: 通常是后置定语，即放在被修饰词后。
不定式作定语
2
不定式作定语的意义
Do you have anything to say
I need a pen to write down the important phone number.
I have a good news to share with you.
动词不定式作定语: 多表示将来的动作，即还未发生的动作。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之一
He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
He is the right person to do the job.
当名词是序数词或是被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only、the last，the right等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之二
In the past, women had no chance to go to school.
He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company.
I must keep the promise to pay on time.
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
当一些特定的名词（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）
如：ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure,
moment, promise, right, time, wish, way…
后面跟定语时，定语常用不定式。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之三
Do you have anything to say
There is nothing to worry about.
I want to get something to drink.
当不定代词something, nothing, anything后跟定语时，常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语
3
不定式作定语的特殊情况之四
I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.
Please give me some books to read.
He will show you the right path to take.
There is a lot of homework to do/to be done.
There is nothing to see/ to be seen.
在一些固定句型中，如 have / get / give / show sth to do或者there be句
型中，常用不定式充当定语。
不定式作状语
不定式作状语
1
不定式作目的状语
I come here to say good-bye to you.
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.
He promised to make all efforts in order to/so as to help us.
意为 “为了”, 可位于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语
气, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能用于句首。
不定式作状语
2
不定式作结果状语
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
He hurried to the school, only to find that it was Sunday.
He was late again, making Mr. Lee very angry with him.
动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；
现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的, 必然造成的结果。
不定式作状语
3
不定式作原因状语
I’m pleased to hear about your news.
She is proud to have won the first place.
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
常用于“sb. + be + adj. + to do”结构中, 形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。此类形容词多是sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
巩固与练习
1. In many homes, the first person __________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family．
2. The best way __________ (improve) your English is to join an English club．
3. Carol was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city．
4. These courses offer us opportunities__________ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art．
5. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own.
6. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience.
7. I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term.
巩固与练习
to wake
to improve
to experience
to change
to improve
to explore
to complete
1. ______________(become) an astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure.
2. The monitor signaled regularly __________ (warn) people of any danger.
3. __________ (get) there on time, we started early in the morning.
4. He worked day and night __________ (pay) off his debt.
5. We saved money every day ___________ (visit) the Great Wall in the end of the year.
6. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad ________ (find) them alive．
7. Would you be so kind ___________ (spare) some time to come and join us
巩固与练习
To become
to warn
To get
to pay
to visit
to find
to spare
巩固与练习
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _________ (use) the current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to achieve
using
to get
known
to store
to help