Section F 单元语法专项——过去完成时
过去完成时的用法
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成，表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，以及表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。可以图示为：
1．表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作
过去完成时可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by介词短语或before时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或上下文中得到提示。
She had_learned English before she came to Britain.她来英国以前已学过英语了。
By the end of last month, we had_finished half of the project.
到上个月底为止，我们已经完成了一半的工程。
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term
到上学期期末你学了多少个英语单词？
How long had Mr Brown lived in the south before he came here
来这儿以前布朗先生在南方住了多久？
Mark was disappointed that when he got to the station the train had already left．马克非常失望，当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
He told the teacher that he had_finished his homework.他告诉老师他已经做完了家庭作业。
He asked if you had_written to Peter.
他问你是否给彼得写了信。
I decided to go back to school now that I had_got well.既然身体已经康复了，我决定回去上学。
【问题探究】
Before daybreak they had already wiped out all the enemy troops.(误)
By daybreak they had already wiped_out all the enemy troops.(正)
daybreak表示“黎明，拂晓”。before daybreak，at daybreak 和after daybreak三个词组虽然意思不同，但作用是相同的，都表示“过去的一个时间点”，都要用一般过去时。
Before daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
At daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
After daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
如果用过去完成时，就要用by daybreak。by表示“从过去更早的一个时间持续到daybreak这个时间”，里面必须包含或暗示一个时间段。下面，我们分析几个句子：
I had_learned English for six years before l went to university．上大学发生在过去，在上大学之前有一个6年的时间段。故用过去完成时。
We had_learned 5，000 English words by the end of last year．
本句也暗示在去年年底之前有一个时间段，具体多长时间，说话人没有告诉我们，比如学习了3年。如果改为at the end of last year，就要用一般过去时，因为at仅表示一个时间点，没有了之前的那段时间。
[即学即练1]
①Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ________ (leave) when he arrived at the party.
②The children ran away because they ________ (break) the window.
③By the time he was twenty, he ________ (write) five novels.
④As soon as the sun ________ (set), we returned to our hotel.
⑤The flood destroyed the bridge that the villagers ________ (build).
⑥When he ________ (eat) his lunch he asked for a glass of water.
2．表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间
过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。
She had_worked for twelve hours by 8：00 pm.
到晚上8点钟，她已经工作了12个小时。
My elder sister had_worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.在换工作之前，我姐姐已经在那家公司工作了10年。
He had_been_ill for a week when he was taken to hospital.
当被送进医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。
I had_worked in a car factory for two years before I came here.
我来这儿之前已经在一家汽车厂工作了两年。
[即学即练2]
①I ________ (wait) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
②The old man said he ________ (work) in that factory since 1999.
③Mr Smith died yesterday. He ________ (be) a good friend of mine for many years.
3．用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算
hope、wish、plan、want、mean、intend、attempt、suppose、think、expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的动词，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的打算、愿望或意图等。指后面不定式的动作未曾实现。
They had_wanted_to_help but could not get here in time.他们本想帮忙，但未能及时赶到这里。
I had_intended_to_come_over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
I had_hoped_to_see her again, but I couldn't.
我本希望再见她一面，但我没能做到。
Monica had_meant_to_host a birthday party but no one came.
莫尼卡本想举办生日聚会，但是没有人来。
They had_planned_to_go_on an outing yesterday, but it was raining.
他们本来计划昨天去郊游，可是一直在下雨。
He had_thought_to_send_for a doctor.
他本想派人去请医生。
I had_expected_to_speak but time didn't permit.
我本想发言，但是时间不允许。
4．用于特殊句式中
特殊句式hardly/scarcely/just...when...，no sooner... than...，表示“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词(短语)hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang.我刚刚离开房间电话就响了。
He had just gone to sleep when the telephone rang.他刚去睡觉电话就响了。
Scarcely had the sick baby seen the nurse when she began to cry.
那个生病的小孩一看见护士就开始哭。
No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research.
她一到达就投身于她的研究。
5．It was the first time that sb. had done sth.
这个句式用来表达在过去某一个时间之前某人的经历。主句用一般过去时(was)，that从句用过去完成时。我们用例句说明：
It was the first time that little Franz had_listened so attentively.
那是小弗朗士第一次如此用心地听讲。
这是世界名篇The Last Lesson(《最后一课》)中的一个句子，说的是19世纪70年代普法战争后，普鲁士占领的地方禁止法国学校再教授法语。某乡村小学迎来了最后一堂法语课。小弗朗士以前从未认真听过课，这是第一次。
我们结合“It is the first time that...”句式进行分析：主句用一般现在时，that从句用现在完成时。表示从过去到现在说话时为止是第一次，也可能是人一生的经历，体现“现在完成时”的一个特点：对过去经历的总结。这跟现在完成时的“动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响”有某种联系。例如：It is the first time that I have_been invited to attend such an important meeting.
这是我第一次被邀请参加这么重要的会议。
如果主句用的是一般过去时，则说明截止到过去某个时间为止的“第一次”，体现了“过去的过去”这个原则，故that从句使用过去完成时。此外，该句型可以有“It/This/That was the first/second/third...time that...”等变式。更多例句：
It was the first time that she had_sung in public.那是她首次公开演唱。
It was the first time that he had_wept in nineteen years.这是他19年来第一次流泪。
That was the first time that the boy had_tasted freedom.那是那个男孩第一次尝到自由的滋味。
This was the first time that I had_been_treated with such respect.这是我第一次受到如此尊重。
She was astonished; this was the first time that she had_heard of such things.
她大吃一惊；这是她第一次听说这样的事。
This was the first time that I had_seen such heavy snow.这是我第一次见这么大的雪。
[即学即练3]
①We ________ (hope) to be able to come and see you, but you were not at home.
②It was the third time that he ________ (be) out of work that year.
③This was the first time I ________ (come) to your hometown.
6．过去完成时还经常用于定语从句中，说明定语从句的动作或状态早于主句发生
He apologised to the people who had_been_affected．他向受到影响的人道了歉。
Nancy, who had_been_thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke.
南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
The temple which had_lain at the top of the hill disappeared.曾经位于山顶的那座庙不见了。
It was a question that had_fascinated him since he was a boy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
7．关于过去完成时的几个重要问题
(1)过去完成时与现在完成时的比较
过去完成时与现在完成时都可以跟表示一段时间的状语连用，如for a week、for two years、for a long time等。但现在完成时表示在过去开始并延续到现在的动作，句中不能有明确的过去的时间状语；而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间开始并延续到过去另一个时间的动作，句中含有表示截止到过去的时间状语。
She has_been_ill for a week.
她生病一个星期了。(到现在仍生病)
She had_been_ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。(到过去某个时间)
Everything has_gone_well up to now.
直到现在，一切都很顺利。(到现在为止)
Everything had_gone_well up to that time.
直到那时，一切都很顺利。(到过去某个时间)
(2)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，尤其是在before和after引导的从句中，它们已经表明了主句和从句谓语动词发生的先后顺序，所以先发生的那个动作可以不用过去完成时。
I (had)_closed the window before he left the room.在他离开房间之前我关上了窗户。
He began to write a review after he (had)_watched the film twice.
他看了两遍电影之后，就开始写评论。
(3) ago和before
ago指以现在为起点的一段时间以前，用一般过去时；before指以过去为起点的一段时间以前，往往使用过去完成时。试比较：
John graduated_from university three years ago.
John told me that he had_graduated_from university three years before.
此外，before作时间副词，可以用于一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时三种时态中。
Did you learn English before？你以前学过英语吗？
I have learned English before.我以前学过英语。
He said he had_learned English before．
他说他以前学过英语。
(4)过去完成时一般不跟确切的过去时间状语连用。例如不能说：
He had broken his glasses yesterday.(误)
但在宾语从句中，有时可与表示过去的时间状语连用。
He told me that he had broken his glasses yesterday.他告诉我他昨天把眼镜打破了。
主句told发生的时间应该是今天，不能是昨天，否则应改为：
He told me that he had broken his glasses the day before.
(5)特殊情况
主句和before引导的时间状语从句比较，通常都是主句动作早于从句，因而主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。但是，如果before从句用了过去完成时，那么，它表示一个过去尚未完成或没来得及完成的动作，在时间上要迟于主句动作发生的时间。before从句一般翻译为“还没做某事；尚未做某事；没来得及做某事”。
The bell rang before I had completed my paper.
我还没做完试卷，铃就响了。
I caught him before he had gone far.
他没走多远我就追上来了。
(6)过去完成时与when引导的时间状语从句
主句和when引导的时间状语从句，如果两个都是非延续性动词，那么其中一个可以使用过去完成时，说明早于一般过去时的动作。如果都使用一般过去时，那么when引导的时间状语从句的动作默认早于主句的动作，时间先后没有间隔。试比较：
When I got to school in the morning the bell had_rung．
早上当我到达学校的时候，铃已经响了。(主句的动作早于从句的动作)
When I had_finished my homework, I went out for a walk.我做完了我的家庭作业就出去散步了。(从句的动作早于主句的动作)
When I opened the door，I found something stolen.我打开门时，发现有东西被偷了。(从句的动作早于主句的动作)
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The famous educationalist ________ (live) in Europe for fifteen years before he went to Australia.
2．Finally her niece was admitted by Peking University, for which she ________ (try) five times.
3．—Jack failed to be admitted by his dream university and is feeling quite depressed these days.
—It serves him right. I ________ (remind) him more than once to take his study seriously.
4．—Why didn't Tom take part in the competition yesterday
—He ________ (go) to Beijing.
5．The competitor told me that his team ________ (win).
6．Tom was depressed that most of the guests ________ (leave) when he arrived at the party.
7．My mate Tom ________ (learn) four thousand new words by the end of last year.
8．My niece Catherine ________ (write) the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．当我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了，这件事使我很沮丧。
When I arrived at the airport, the plane ________________________，which made me upset.
2．当这个内向的男人到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。
When the reserved man got to the cinema, the film ________________________．
3．我到广州时，我的朋友在那里住了很长时间了。
When I came to Guangzhou, my mate ________________________________ for a long time.
4．到上周末，这个外向的女孩待在中国西部帮助那些无家可归的孩子两个月了。
By the end of last week, the outgoing girl ____________________________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
Ⅲ.语法填空
It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1.________ (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2.________ (take) out my key. 3.________ I couldn't find it. I 4.________ (sudden) remembered that I 5.________ (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any 6.________ (different) . I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by then, so I knocked at the door.
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7.________ (continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy 8.________ (tell) me at noon. He said that my wife 9.________ (phone) saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in 10.________ a window.
Section F 单元语法专项——过去完成时
[即学即练1]
①had left ②had broken ③had written ④had set ⑤had built ⑥had eaten
[即学即练2]
①had waited ②had worked ③had been
[即学即练3]
①had hoped ②had been ③had come
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．had lived 2.had tried 3.had reminded 4.had gone
5．had won 6.had left 7.had learned 8.had written
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．had taken off 2.had begun 3.had lived there
4．had stayed
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．was wearing 2.to take 3.But 4.suddenly 5.had left 6.difference 7.continued 8.had told 9.had phoned 10.through
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共36张PPT)
Section F 单元语法专项——过去完成时
过去完成时的用法
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成，表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，以及表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。可以图示为：
1．表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作
过去完成时可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by介词短语或before时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或上下文中得到提示。
She had_learned English before she came to Britain.她来英国以前已学过英语了。
By the end of last month, we had_finished half of the project.
到上个月底为止，我们已经完成了一半的工程。
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term
到上学期期末你学了多少个英语单词？
How long had Mr Brown lived in the south before he came here
来这儿以前布朗先生在南方住了多久？
Mark was disappointed that when he got to the station the train had already left．马克非常失望，当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
He told the teacher that he had_finished his homework.他告诉老师他已经做完了家庭作业。
He asked if you had_written to Peter.
他问你是否给彼得写了信。
I decided to go back to school now that I had_got well.既然身体已经康复了，我决定回去上学。
【问题探究】
Before daybreak they had already wiped out all the enemy troops.(误)
By daybreak they had already wiped_out all the enemy troops.(正)
daybreak表示“黎明，拂晓”。before daybreak，at daybreak 和after daybreak三个词组虽然意思不同，但作用是相同的，都表示“过去的一个时间点”，都要用一般过去时。
Before daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
At daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
After daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
如果用过去完成时，就要用by daybreak。by表示“从过去更早的一个时间持续到daybreak这个时间”，里面必须包含或暗示一个时间段。下面，我们分析几个句子：
I had_learned English for six years before l went to university．上大学发生在过去，在上大学之前有一个6年的时间段。故用过去完成时。
We had_learned 5，000 English words by the end of last year．
本句也暗示在去年年底之前有一个时间段，具体多长时间，说话人没有告诉我们，比如学习了3年。如果改为at the end of last year，就要用一般过去时，因为at仅表示一个时间点，没有了之前的那段时间。
[即学即练1]
①Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ________ (leave) when he arrived at the party.
②The children ran away because they ________ (break) the window.
③By the time he was twenty, he ________ (write) five novels.
④As soon as the sun ________ (set), we returned to our hotel.
⑤The flood destroyed the bridge that the villagers ________ (build).
⑥When he ________ (eat) his lunch he asked for a glass of water.
had left
had broken
had written
had set
had built
had eaten
2．表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间
过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。
She had_worked for twelve hours by 8：00 pm.
到晚上8点钟，她已经工作了12个小时。
My elder sister had_worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.在换工作之前，我姐姐已经在那家公司工作了10年。
He had_been_ill for a week when he was taken to hospital.
当被送进医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。
I had_worked in a car factory for two years before I came here.
我来这儿之前已经在一家汽车厂工作了两年。
[即学即练2]
①I ________ (wait) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
②The old man said he ________ (work) in that factory since 1999.
③Mr Smith died yesterday. He ________ (be) a good friend of mine for many years.
had waited
had worked
had been
3．用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算
hope、wish、plan、want、mean、intend、attempt、suppose、think、expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的动词，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的打算、愿望或意图等。指后面不定式的动作未曾实现。
They had_wanted_to_help but could not get here in time.他们本想帮忙，但未能及时赶到这里。
I had_intended_to_come_over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
I had_hoped_to_see her again, but I couldn't.
我本希望再见她一面，但我没能做到。
Monica had_meant_to_host a birthday party but no one came.
莫尼卡本想举办生日聚会，但是没有人来。
They had_planned_to_go_on an outing yesterday, but it was raining.
他们本来计划昨天去郊游，可是一直在下雨。
He had_thought_to_send_for a doctor.
他本想派人去请医生。
I had_expected_to_speak but time didn't permit.
我本想发言，但是时间不允许。
4．用于特殊句式中
特殊句式hardly/scarcely/just...when...，no sooner... than...，表示“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词(短语)hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang.我刚刚离开房间电话就响了。
He had just gone to sleep when the telephone rang.
他刚去睡觉电话就响了。
Scarcely had the sick baby seen the nurse when she began to cry.
那个生病的小孩一看见护士就开始哭。
No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research.
她一到达就投身于她的研究。
5．It was the first time that sb. had done sth.
这个句式用来表达在过去某一个时间之前某人的经历。主句用一般过去时(was)，that从句用过去完成时。我们用例句说明：
It was the first time that little Franz had_listened so attentively.
那是小弗朗士第一次如此用心地听讲。
这是世界名篇The Last Lesson(《最后一课》)中的一个句子，说的是19世纪70年代普法战争后，普鲁士占领的地方禁止法国学校再教授法语。某乡村小学迎来了最后一堂法语课。小弗朗士以前从未认真听过课，这是第一次。
我们结合“It is the first time that...”句式进行分析：主句用一般现在时，that从句用现在完成时。表示从过去到现在说话时为止是第一次，也可能是人一生的经历，体现“现在完成时”的一个特点：对过去经历的总结。这跟现在完成时的“动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响”有某种联系。例如：
It is the first time that I have_been invited to attend such an important meeting.
这是我第一次被邀请参加这么重要的会议。
如果主句用的是一般过去时，则说明截止到过去某个时间为止的“第一次”，体现了“过去的过去”这个原则，故that从句使用过去完成时。此外，该句型可以有“It/This/That was the first/second/third...time that...”等变式。
更多例句：
It was the first time that she had_sung in public.那是她首次公开演唱。
It was the first time that he had_wept in nineteen years.这是他19年来第一次流泪。
That was the first time that the boy had_tasted freedom.那是那个男孩第一次尝到自由的滋味。
This was the first time that I had_been_treated with such respect.这是我第一次受到如此尊重。
She was astonished; this was the first time that she had_heard of such things.
她大吃一惊；这是她第一次听说这样的事。
This was the first time that I had_seen such heavy snow.这是我第一次见这么大的雪。
[即学即练3]
①We ________ (hope) to be able to come and see you, but you were not at home.
②It was the third time that he ________ (be) out of work that year.
③This was the first time I ________ (come) to your hometown.
had hoped
had been
had come
6．过去完成时还经常用于定语从句中，说明定语从句的动作或状态早于主句发生
He apologised to the people who had_been_affected．他向受到影响的人道了歉。
Nancy, who had_been_thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke.
南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
The temple which had_lain at the top of the hill disappeared.曾经位于山顶的那座庙不见了。
It was a question that had_fascinated him since he was a boy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
7．关于过去完成时的几个重要问题
(1)过去完成时与现在完成时的比较
过去完成时与现在完成时都可以跟表示一段时间的状语连用，如for a week、for two years、for a long time等。但现在完成时表示在过去开始并延续到现在的动作，句中不能有明确的过去的时间状语；而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间开始并延续到过去另一个时间的动作，句中含有表示截止到过去的时间状语。
She has_been_ill for a week.
她生病一个星期了。(到现在仍生病)
She had_been_ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。(到过去某个时间)
Everything has_gone_well up to now.
直到现在，一切都很顺利。(到现在为止)
Everything had_gone_well up to that time.
直到那时，一切都很顺利。(到过去某个时间)
(2)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，尤其是在before和after引导的从句中，它们已经表明了主句和从句谓语动词发生的先后顺序，所以先发生的那个动作可以不用过去完成时。
I (had)_closed the window before he left the room.在他离开房间之前我关上了窗户。
He began to write a review after he (had)_watched the film twice.
他看了两遍电影之后，就开始写评论。
(3) ago和before
ago指以现在为起点的一段时间以前，用一般过去时；before指以过去为起点的一段时间以前，往往使用过去完成时。试比较：
John graduated_from university three years ago.
John told me that he had_graduated_from university three years before.
此外，before作时间副词，可以用于一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时三种时态中。
Did you learn English before？你以前学过英语吗？
I have learned English before.我以前学过英语。
He said he had_learned English before．
他说他以前学过英语。
(4)过去完成时一般不跟确切的过去时间状语连用。例如不能说：
He had broken his glasses yesterday.(误)
但在宾语从句中，有时可与表示过去的时间状语连用。
He told me that he had broken his glasses yesterday.他告诉我他昨天把眼镜打破了。
主句told发生的时间应该是今天，不能是昨天，否则应改为：
He told me that he had broken his glasses the day before.
(5)特殊情况
主句和before引导的时间状语从句比较，通常都是主句动作早于从句，因而主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。但是，如果before从句用了过去完成时，那么，它表示一个过去尚未完成或没来得及完成的动作，在时间上要迟于主句动作发生的时间。before从句一般翻译为“还没做某事；尚未做某事；没来得及做某事”。
The bell rang before I had completed my paper.
我还没做完试卷，铃就响了。
I caught him before he had gone far.
他没走多远我就追上来了。
(6)过去完成时与when引导的时间状语从句
主句和when引导的时间状语从句，如果两个都是非延续性动词，那么其中一个可以使用过去完成时，说明早于一般过去时的动作。如果都使用一般过去时，那么when引导的时间状语从句的动作默认早于主句的动作，时间先后没有间隔。试比较：
When I got to school in the morning the bell had_rung．
早上当我到达学校的时候，铃已经响了。
(主句的动作早于从句的动作)
When I had_finished my homework, I went out for a walk.我做完了我的家庭作业就出去散步了。(从句的动作早于主句的动作)
When I opened the door，I found something stolen.我打开门时，发现有东西被偷了。(从句的动作早于主句的动作)
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The famous educationalist ________ (live) in Europe for fifteen years before he went to Australia.
2．Finally her niece was admitted by Peking University, for which she ________ (try) five times.
3．—Jack failed to be admitted by his dream university and is feeling quite depressed these days.
—It serves him right. I ___________ (remind) him more than once to take his study seriously.
had lived
had tried
had reminded
4．—Why didn't Tom take part in the competition yesterday
—He ________ (go) to Beijing.
5．The competitor told me that his team ________ (win).
6．Tom was depressed that most of the guests ________ (leave) when he arrived at the party.
7．My mate Tom ________ (learn) four thousand new words by the end of last year.
8．My niece Catherine ________ (write) the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
had gone
had won
had left
had learned
had written
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．当我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了，这件事使我很沮丧。
When I arrived at the airport, the plane ________________________，which made me upset.
2．当这个内向的男人到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。
When the reserved man got to the cinema, the film ___________．
had taken off
had begun
3．我到广州时，我的朋友在那里住了很长时间了。
When I came to Guangzhou, my mate _______________ for a long time.
4．到上周末，这个外向的女孩待在中国西部帮助那些无家可归的孩子两个月了。
By the end of last week, the outgoing girl _______________________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
had lived there
had stayed
Ⅲ.语法填空
It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1.________ (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2.________ (take) out my key. 3.________ I couldn't find it. I 4.________ (sudden) remembered that I 5.________ (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any 6.________ (different) . I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by then, so I knocked at the door.
was wearing
to take
But
suddenly
had left
difference
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7.________ (continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy 8.________ (tell) me at noon. He said that my wife 9.________ (phone) saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in 10.________ a window.
continued
had told
had phoned
through
