Section F 单元语法专项——(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语(2)冠词
(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．位置
一种是动词-ing形式位于句首；另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动词-ing形式后置。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
·Saying is easier than doing.说起来容易做起来难。
·Being forced to write with our left hand made us uncomfortable.被迫用左手写字让我们感到不舒服。
·He feels it is his duty raising the whole family.
他觉得养家糊口是他的责任。
2．常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型
It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing...做……是不好/没用的。
It is worthwhile doing...做……是值得的。
It is no fun doing...做……没有乐趣。
·It was a waste of time accepting his invitation to attend such a party.
接受他的邀请来参加这样的聚会是浪费时间。
·It is no good being too ambitious.
野心太大没有好处。
·It is hardly any use trying to persuade him to take up such a demanding job.
试图说服他从事这样一项要求高的工作几乎没有任何用处。
·It is worthwhile hiring some experienced employees to help finish the task on schedule.
雇用一些有经验的员工来帮助按时完成任务是值得的。
·It is no fun playing with such a depressed person.和这样一个沮丧的人玩是毫无乐趣的。
【学法点拨】 动词-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
·To live in Beijing for a few days is one of his biggest dreams.在北京住几天是他最大的梦想之一。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid、 miss、 delay/put off
避免 错过 少延期
advise、 finish、 practise
建议 完成 多练习
enjoy、 imagine、 can't help
喜欢 想象 禁不住
admit、 deny、envy
承认 否定与嫉妒
escape、 risk、excuse
逃避 冒险莫原谅
stand、 keep、mind
忍受 保持不介意
·My only wish is that my daughter can do what she enjoys doing all the time.
我唯一的愿望是我的女儿能一直做她喜欢做的事。
·I couldn't help wondering why he chose to live such a life.我不禁想知道他为什么选择过这样的生活。
·Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款。
2．作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式作介词的宾语时，常用在某些动词短语后面，如dream of、 care about、 feel like、 insist on、 think of、 aim at、 set about、 keep on、 succeed in、 pay attention to等。
He doesn't feel like doing anything today.
他今天什么也不想做。
More attention should be paid to protecting our environment.我们应该更加注意保护环境。
3．接动词-ing形式和to do作宾语意义差别不大的动词
常见的有begin、 start、 continue、 like、 love、 prefer、 hate、 intend等。
意义差别较大的动词(短语)有remember、 forget、 regret、 mean、 try、 stop、 can't help等。
·They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。
·I am a little tired. Let's stop to have a rest.
我有点儿累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧。
4．用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式
·We all consider it no use spending too much time on such a project.
我们都认为在这样一个项目上花太多时间没有用。
5．介词in常可省略的几种句型
①have ＋(in) doing...
②spend time (in) doing...
③be busy (in) doing...
·You can't imagine the difficulty I had handling the problem.
你无法想象在处理这个问题时我有多困难。
6．主动形式表被动意义
＋doing...to be done...需要被……
need、require、want作“需要”讲时，接动词-ing形式作宾语，相当于不定式的被动形式。
·Your hair needs cutting.
＝Your hair needs to be cut.你的头发该剪了。
三、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
The best policy is being honest.最好的策略是诚实。
One of his hobbies is painting.他的爱好之一是绘画。
2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
·The news that he was killed in a car accident is astonishing.他在车祸中丧生的消息令人震惊。
·He is still committed to his research in spite of the fact that the result is a little disappointing.
尽管结果有点儿令人失望，他仍专心于他的研究。
【学法点拨】 动名词(短语)作表语表抽象的一般性的动作，动词不定式(短语)作表语表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
·My job is teaching English but today I am to teach you to sing a Japanese song.
我的工作是教英语，但今天我要教你唱一首日文歌。
四、动词-ing形式的时态、语态
动词-ing形式通常有以下几种变化形式(以do为例)
形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一般式：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或表示一般情况。
·We are very interested in collecting stamps.
我们对集邮很感兴趣。
·He appreciates her living such a peaceful life.
他很欣赏她过这样平静的生活。
完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
·He regrets not having taken part in the work.
他后悔没有参加这项工作。
·We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
主动语态：它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
·No one likes being laughed at in public.
没有人喜欢在公共场合下被别人嘲笑。
·I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能被授予勋章。
五、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。具体形式有：
＋doing
·Do you think my going there will be of any help？你认为我去那里会有什么帮助吗？
·The student's knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。
·Do you mind my (me) smoking？你介意我抽烟吗？
·They insist on Mary's (Mary) going with them there.他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。
【误区警示】 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
·Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓励。
·Li Ping's dropping out of school is a great disappointment to his parents.
李平辍学使他的父母非常失望。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We consider it no good ____________ (do) the experiment again without the guide of the professor.
2．It was ____________ (astonish) that the shy girl stood up and gave a determined answer.
3．Her job is ____________ (keep) the dormitory hall as clean as possible.
4．His wish is ____________ (build) up his own studio with his mate.
5．What injures me most is her ____________ (stay) too late every night.
6．The room needs ____________ (equip) with a wired video camera.
7．He barely admitted ____________ (refer) to his notes in the exam.
8．She can't stand ________________ (be) looked down upon.
9．Statistics show that prices will continue ________________ (rise) constantly.
10．The police had much difficulty ________________ (find) out the extraordinary connection between the man and the case.
11．The problem which these athletes meet is quite ________________ (puzzle).
12．The situation both at home and abroad is very ________________ (inspire) and optimistic.
13．________________ (experience) quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, the educationalist didn't take much notice.
14．________________ (see) a lot of the world in enthusiastic youth is a good thing.
15．The educationalist had as much fun sailing the seas as he now does ________________ (work) with students.
16．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel guilty.
17．________________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an extremely interesting and rewarding experience.
18．________________ (learn) to think critically is an important and worthwhile skill today's children will need for the future.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．They describe the film star Louis as ______________________ (很吸引人).
2．They ____________________ (停下来看一看) the fantastic scenery.
3．The specialist spent much time __________________ (观察星星).
4．The millionaire enjoys ____________________ (和他父母聊天).
5．The light in the office is off, but she forgets ________________________ (已关了灯).
(2)冠词
一、定冠词the的用法
1．表示特定的或上文中提到的人或事物
·There is a cat in the tree. The cat is black.
树上有一只猫，这只猫是黑色的。
2．特指说话双方都知道的人或事物
·The dog is sick.这只狗生病了。(双方都知道是哪一只狗)
3．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物
·The dog is the faithful friend of human beings.狗是人类忠实的朋友。
4．用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前
·If only I could fly to the moon and do some research there！要是我能飞到月球，在那儿做些研究就好了！
5．用于表示方向、方位的名词前
·The sun rises in the east and falls in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
6．用于序数词或形容词的最高级前
·One of the greatest ambitions of him is to find a cure for cancer.
他最大的雄心之一是找到治疗癌症的方法。
【误区警示】 序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示“又一，再一”或动作的重复。
7．用于某些形容词前，表示一类人
·The injured are being treated in the hospital.
伤者正在医院接受治疗。
8．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，表示国家、党派、组织、机构、报刊、朝代、海洋、河流、山脉、群岛等
·The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.
中华人民共和国于1949年10月1日成立。
9．用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”
·The Smiths are desperate to own a new house of their own.
史密斯一家渴望拥有一所他们自己的新房子。
10．用于被演奏的西方乐器前
·The man who is playing the piano is an outstanding pianist.那个弹钢琴的人是位杰出的钢琴家。
11．用于某个世纪的某个年代前
·The film was set in the 1930s in Shanghai.
这部电影以20世纪30年代的上海为背景。
12．用于习惯用语或固定搭配中
at the same time 与此同时
in the way 碍事，挡道
make the bed 铺床
at the end of 在……的末尾
in the end 最后
all the time 一直
by the way 顺便说一下
on the way 在路上
二、不定冠词a/an的用法
1．用在单数可数名词前，泛指一类人或事物
·A horse is a useful animal since the ancient times.自古以来，马就是一种有用的动物。
2．表示数量“一个”，相当于one，但语意较弱
·We can only borrow a/one book from the library at a/one time.我们一次只能从图书馆借一本书。
3．表示单位，相当于every或per，有“每一”的意思
·He can travel 30 kilometers an hour by bike.
他每小时可以骑30公里的自行车。
4．用于某些不可数的物质名词前，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”等
A rain can refresh ourselves in the hot summer.
在炎热的夏天，一场雨可以使我们恢复精神。
5．用于某些固定词组中
a little/few 少量
a good/great many 许多
many a/an 许多
in a hurry 匆忙
as a rule 通常，一般来说
all of a sudden 突然
keep an eye on 注意
have a try 试一试
三、零冠词的用法
1．表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词
·They are teachers and those sitting next are doctors.他们是老师，那些坐在他们旁边的是医生。
2．表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词
·English is of great significance in international communication.英语在国际交流中很重要。
3．名词前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰或限定时不用冠词
·The Yellow River is our mother river.
黄河是我们的母亲河。
4．表示人名、地名的专有名词前不用冠词(由普通名词构成的专有名词除外)
·He volunteered to work in Africa last year.
去年他志愿到非洲工作。
【误区警示】 当表示“像……那样的人或事物”“一个名叫……的人”时，专有名词前可以用不定冠词。
·A Mr Li is waiting for you at the school gate.
一位李先生正在学校门口等你。
5．表示泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
【误区警示】 有些抽象名词用来指具体的人或事物时，其前可加不定冠词，如success、failure、excitement、pleasure、pity等。
Carol was a pleasure to work with.
和卡罗尔共事很愉快。
6．表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类、棋类等的名词前不用冠词
【误区警示】 季节、月份、星期、三餐等前的冠词要依据具体情况而定，并非所有的这些名词前都不加冠词。
7．称呼语或表头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语时)前面不用冠词
·He is president of an international company.
他是一家跨国公司的总裁。
8．“by＋交通工具名词”短语中不用冠词
·We can only have access to the island by boat.
我们只能乘船去那个岛。
9．有些表示场所、地点的名词前用不用定冠词the意思差别很大。加上定冠词表示“具体场所或位置”，不加定冠词往往表示“社会功能或用途属性”
·He has been in prison for three years.
他已经入狱三年了。
·My brother has worked in the prison for three years.我哥哥在监狱工作三年了。
10．某些固定词组中不用冠词
①成双成对出现的名词词组中。
day and night 夜以继日
here and there 到处
②一些介词短语中。
in search of 寻找
in response to 对……的回应
in addition to 除……之外还……
in place of 代替
in fact/reality 事实上，实际上
语法专项训练
单句语法填空
1．I don't think she released Brian's hand ________ entire time that we were in the room.
2．A child born in the US today has ________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
3．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
4．Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
5．As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
6．The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting.
7．Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.
8．The outbreak of COVID-19 has meant ________ abrupt change in our life and work.
9．When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ________ joke.
10．“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain ________ advantage，” he said.
11．This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
12．Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.
13．For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.
14．Like many things in life, it's ________ ongoing process...
15．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
16．________ unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.
17．Recently, people have begun studying ________ connection between the natural world and healing.
18．Gordon says the HUNCH program has ________ impact on college admissions and practical life skills.
19．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
20．________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.
21．Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
22．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
Section F 单元语法专项——(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语(2)冠词
(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．doing 2.astonishing 3.keeping 4.to build 5.staying 6.equipping/to be equipped 7.referring 8.being 9.rising/to rise 10.finding 11.puzzling 12.inspiring 13.Having experienced 14.Having seen 15.working 16.looking
17．Travelling 18.Learning
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．being attractive 2.stopped to have a look at 3.observing the stars 4.chatting with his parents 5.turning it off
(2)冠词
语法专项训练
单句语法填空
1．the 2.a 3.the 4.the 5.a 6.the 7.the 8.an 9.a
10．an 11.the 12.a 13.a 14.an 15.a 16.An
17．the 18.an 19.a; the 20.The; the 21.the 22.the; a
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共52张PPT)
Section F 单元语法专项
——(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语(2)冠词
(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．位置
一种是动词-ing形式位于句首；另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动词-ing形式后置。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
·Saying is easier than doing.说起来容易做起来难。
·Being forced to write with our left hand made us uncomfortable.被迫用左手写字让我们感到不舒服。
·He feels it is his duty raising the whole family.
他觉得养家糊口是他的责任。
2．常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型
It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing...做……是不好/没用的。
It is worthwhile doing...做……是值得的。
It is no fun doing...做……没有乐趣。
·It was a waste of time accepting his invitation to attend such a party.
接受他的邀请来参加这样的聚会是浪费时间。
·It is no good being too ambitious.
野心太大没有好处。
·It is hardly any use trying to persuade him to take up such a demanding job.
试图说服他从事这样一项要求高的工作几乎没有任何用处。
·It is worthwhile hiring some experienced employees to help finish the task on schedule.
雇用一些有经验的员工来帮助按时完成任务是值得的。
·It is no fun playing with such a depressed person.和这样一个沮丧的人玩是毫无乐趣的。
【学法点拨】 动词-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
·To live in Beijing for a few days is one of his biggest dreams.在北京住几天是他最大的梦想之一。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid、 miss、 delay/put off
避免 错过 少延期
advise、 finish、 practise
建议 完成 多练习
enjoy、 imagine、 can't help
喜欢 想象 禁不住
admit、 deny、envy
承认 否定与嫉妒
escape、 risk、excuse
逃避 冒险莫原谅
stand、 keep、mind
忍受 保持不介意
·My only wish is that my daughter can do what she enjoys doing all the time.
我唯一的愿望是我的女儿能一直做她喜欢做的事。
·I couldn't help wondering why he chose to live such a life.我不禁想知道他为什么选择过这样的生活。
·Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款。
2．作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式作介词的宾语时，常用在某些动词短语后面，如dream of、 care about、 feel like、 insist on、 think of、 aim at、 set about、 keep on、 succeed in、 pay attention to等。
He doesn't feel like doing anything today.
他今天什么也不想做。
More attention should be paid to protecting our environment.我们应该更加注意保护环境。
·They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。
·I am a little tired. Let's stop to have a rest.
我有点儿累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧。
4．用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式
·We all consider it no use spending too much time on such a project.
我们都认为在这样一个项目上花太多时间没有用。
三、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
The best policy is being honest.最好的策略是诚实。
One of his hobbies is painting.他的爱好之一是绘画。
2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
·The news that he was killed in a car accident is astonishing.他在车祸中丧生的消息令人震惊。
·He is still committed to his research in spite of the fact that the result is a little disappointing.
尽管结果有点儿令人失望，他仍专心于他的研究。
【学法点拨】 动名词(短语)作表语表抽象的一般性的动作，动词不定式(短语)作表语表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
·My job is teaching English but today I am to teach you to sing a Japanese song.
我的工作是教英语，但今天我要教你唱一首日文歌。
四、动词-ing形式的时态、语态
动词-ing形式通常有以下几种变化形式(以do为例)
一般式：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或表示一般情况。
形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
·We are very interested in collecting stamps.
我们对集邮很感兴趣。
·He appreciates her living such a peaceful life.
他很欣赏她过这样平静的生活。
完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
·He regrets not having taken part in the work.
他后悔没有参加这项工作。
·We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
主动语态：它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
·No one likes being laughed at in public.
没有人喜欢在公共场合下被别人嘲笑。
·I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能被授予勋章。
·Do you think my going there will be of any help？你认为我去那里会有什么帮助吗？
·The student's knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。
·Do you mind my (me) smoking？你介意我抽烟吗？
·They insist on Mary's (Mary) going with them there.他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。
【误区警示】
动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
·Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓励。
·Li Ping's dropping out of school is a great disappointment to his parents.
李平辍学使他的父母非常失望。
语法专项训练1
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We consider it no good ____________ (do) the experiment again without the guide of the professor.
2．It was ____________ (astonish) that the shy girl stood up and gave a determined answer.
3．Her job is ____________ (keep) the dormitory hall as clean as possible.
4．His wish is ____________ (build) up his own studio with his mate.
doing
astonishing
keeping
to build
5．What injures me most is her ____________ (stay) too late every night.
6．The room needs __________________ (equip) with a wired video camera.
7．He barely admitted ____________ (refer) to his notes in the exam.
8．She can't stand __________ (be) looked down upon.
9．Statistics show that prices will continue ________________ (rise) constantly.
10．The police had much difficulty ________________ (find) out the extraordinary connection between the man and the case.
staying
equipping/to be equipped
referring
being
rising/to
finding
11．The problem which these athletes meet is quite __________ (puzzle).
12．The situation both at home and abroad is very ________________ (inspire) and optimistic.
13．________________ (experience) quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, the educationalist didn't take much notice.
14．________________ (see) a lot of the world in enthusiastic youth is a good thing.
puzzling
inspiring
Having experienced
Having seen
15．The educationalist had as much fun sailing the seas as he now does ________________ (work) with students.
16．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel guilty.
17．________________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an extremely interesting and rewarding experience.
18．________________ (learn) to think critically is an important and worthwhile skill today's children will need for the future.
working
looking
Travelling
Learning
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．They describe the film star Louis as ______________________ (很吸引人).
2．They ____________________ (停下来看一看) the fantastic scenery.
3．The specialist spent much time __________________ (观察星星).
4．The millionaire enjoys ____________________ (和他父母聊天).
5．The light in the office is off, but she forgets __________________ (已关了灯).
being attractive
stopped to have a look at
observing the stars
chatting with his parents
turning it off
(2)冠词
一、定冠词the的用法
1．表示特定的或上文中提到的人或事物
·There is a cat in the tree. The cat is black.
树上有一只猫，这只猫是黑色的。
2．特指说话双方都知道的人或事物
·The dog is sick.这只狗生病了。(双方都知道是哪一只狗)
3．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物
·The dog is the faithful friend of human beings.狗是人类忠实的朋友。
4．用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前
·If only I could fly to the moon and do some research there！要是我能飞到月球，在那儿做些研究就好了！
5．用于表示方向、方位的名词前
·The sun rises in the east and falls in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
6．用于序数词或形容词的最高级前
·One of the greatest ambitions of him is to find a cure for cancer.
他最大的雄心之一是找到治疗癌症的方法。
【误区警示】
序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示“又一，再一”或动作的重复。
7．用于某些形容词前，表示一类人
·The injured are being treated in the hospital.
伤者正在医院接受治疗。
8．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，表示国家、党派、组织、机构、报刊、朝代、海洋、河流、山脉、群岛等
·The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.
中华人民共和国于1949年10月1日成立。
9．用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”
·The Smiths are desperate to own a new house of their own.
史密斯一家渴望拥有一所他们自己的新房子。
10．用于被演奏的西方乐器前
·The man who is playing the piano is an outstanding pianist.那个弹钢琴的人是位杰出的钢琴家。
11．用于某个世纪的某个年代前
·The film was set in the 1930s in Shanghai.
这部电影以20世纪30年代的上海为背景。
12．用于习惯用语或固定搭配中
at the same time 与此同时
in the way 碍事，挡道
make the bed 铺床
at the end of 在……的末尾
in the end 最后
all the time 一直
by the way 顺便说一下
on the way 在路上
二、不定冠词a/an的用法
1．用在单数可数名词前，泛指一类人或事物
·A horse is a useful animal since the ancient times.自古以来，马就是一种有用的动物。
2．表示数量“一个”，相当于one，但语意较弱
·We can only borrow a/one book from the library at a/one time.我们一次只能从图书馆借一本书。
3．表示单位，相当于every或per，有“每一”的意思
·He can travel 30 kilometers an hour by bike.
他每小时可以骑30公里的自行车。
4．用于某些不可数的物质名词前，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”等
A rain can refresh ourselves in the hot summer.
在炎热的夏天，一场雨可以使我们恢复精神。
5．用于某些固定词组中
a little/few 少量
a good/great many 许多
many a/an 许多
in a hurry 匆忙
as a rule 通常，一般来说
all of a sudden 突然
keep an eye on 注意
have a try 试一试
三、零冠词的用法
1．表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词
·They are teachers and those sitting next are doctors.他们是老师，那些坐在他们旁边的是医生。
2．表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词
·English is of great significance in international communication.英语在国际交流中很重要。
3．名词前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰或限定时不用冠词
·The Yellow River is our mother river.
黄河是我们的母亲河。
4．表示人名、地名的专有名词前不用冠词(由普通名词构成的专有名词除外)
·He volunteered to work in Africa last year.
去年他志愿到非洲工作。
【误区警示】
当表示“像……那样的人或事物”“一个名叫……的人”时，专有名词前可以用不定冠词。
·A Mr Li is waiting for you at the school gate.
一位李先生正在学校门口等你。
5．表示泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
【误区警示】
有些抽象名词用来指具体的人或事物时，其前可加不定冠词，如success、failure、excitement、pleasure、pity等。
Carol was a pleasure to work with.
和卡罗尔共事很愉快。
6．表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类、棋类等的名词前不用冠词
【误区警示】
季节、月份、星期、三餐等前的冠词要依据具体情况而定，并非所有的这些名词前都不加冠词。
7．称呼语或表头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语时)前面不用冠词
·He is president of an international company.
他是一家跨国公司的总裁。
8．“by＋交通工具名词”短语中不用冠词
·We can only have access to the island by boat.
我们只能乘船去那个岛。
9．有些表示场所、地点的名词前用不用定冠词the意思差别很大。加上定冠词表示“具体场所或位置”，不加定冠词往往表示“社会功能或用途属性”
·He has been in prison for three years.
他已经入狱三年了。
·My brother has worked in the prison for three years.我哥哥在监狱工作三年了。
10．某些固定词组中不用冠词
①成双成对出现的名词词组中。
day and night 夜以继日
here and there 到处
②一些介词短语中。
in search of 寻找
in response to 对……的回应
in addition to 除……之外还……
in place of 代替
in fact/reality 事实上，实际上
语法专项训练2
单句语法填空
1．I don't think she released Brian's hand ________ entire time that we were in the room.
2．A child born in the US today has ________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
3．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
the
a
the
4．Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
5．As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
6．The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting.
7．Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.
the
a
the
the
8．The outbreak of COVID-19 has meant ________ abrupt change in our life and work.
9．When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ________ joke.
10．“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain ________ advantage，” he said.
11．This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
an
a
an
the
12．Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.
13．For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.
14．Like many things in life, it's ________ ongoing process...
15．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
16．________ unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.
a
a
an
a
An
17．Recently, people have begun studying ________ connection between the natural world and healing.
18．Gordon says the HUNCH program has ________ impact on college admissions and practical life skills.
19．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
the
an
a
the
20．________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.
21．Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
22．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
The
the
the
the
a
