单元质量检测卷(一)
(分值：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is the man now？( )
A．In the bed. B．In the kitchen. C．In the office.
2．How much are the cards all together？( )
A．10 yuan. B．11 yuan. C．12 yuan.
3．What is the man going to do？( )
A．He wants the woman to fix his computer.
B．He'll call the woman if the computer is OK.
C．He wants the woman to call him after a week.
4．Where is the man going to spend his holiday？( )
A．In London. B．In the country. C．In a big city.
5．Can Peter go out tonight？( )
A．No，not at all. B．Yes，with his mother. C．Yes，if he goes home first.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What were the students invited to do？( )
A．To have dinner. B．To take part in a party. C．To attend a meeting.
7．What was the man asked to do at the party？( )
A．To play the violin. B．To dance with Harry. C．To sing a pop song.
8．Whom did Harry dance with this time？( )
A．John. B．Rose. C．Jane.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9．What was the first piece of bad news John told Mary？( )
A．Tim had caught a bad cold. B．He played badly in a match.
C．Their class had lost a basketball match.
10．What do you know about Tim from the dialogue？( )
A．He is often ill. B．He is very good at basketball.
C．He is the team leader.
11．What does Miss Green do？( )
A．She is a student. B．She is a housewife. C．She teaches history.
听第8段材料，回答第12至13题。
12．Where does this conversation take place？( )
A．At the restaurant. B．At the hotel. C．In the shop.
13．What do we know about the rooms？( )
A．They are just common. B．They are very good. C．They are bad.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What won't the speakers do this weekend？( )
A．Take a boat to the islands. B．Go to the river. C．See a play.
15．Why does the man suggest phoning the theatre？( )
A．To book tickets. B．To check if there will be a play.
C．To check if it is open this weekend.
16．What's the phone number？( )
A．527-086. B．572-860. C．527-860.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．When did the story take place？( )
A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening.
18．What was Harry's problem？( )
A．Everyone at his school likes him.
B．No one at his school likes him.
C．Some people at his school dislike him.
19．Why didn't Harry want to accept his mother's advice？( )
A．He thought he was too weak.
B．He thought he was the headmaster.
C．He thought he was too old to change.
20．What have you learned from the text？( )
A．Harry is a bus driver. B．Harry is a student. C．Harry is a headmaster.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.
Wu Chien-shiung (1912—1997)
Born in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world's first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu's critical role in the work was overlooked.
Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)
Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the Second World War, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology.
Katherine Johnson (1918—2020)
African-American NASA mathematician Johnson's calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”．
Tu Youyou (1930—)
Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in Physiology or Medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.
21．Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) ________．( )
A．composer B．producer C．actress D．mathematician
22．What is Tu Youyou's greatest contribution to the world？( )
A．She treated people for cancer. B．She is the first Chinese Nobel winner.
C．Her discovery helped save millions. D．Her research project is one of a kind.
23．What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text？( )
A．They shared the same interest. B．They each constructed a theory.
C．They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. D．They all made a difference to the world.
B
John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin (UT-Austin), won the 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on developing lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池). He was the oldest person to win a Nobel Prize.
Goodenough, who was born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries using Goodenough's inventions are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.
Goodenough received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Yale University at 21 and a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Chicago when he was 30. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told him in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.
He began his career in 1952 at Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer.
After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford, where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物). That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery.
Goodenough joined UT-Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.
At 98 years old, he still continued to push the boundaries of materials science. In spite of the lithium-ion battery being well-developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can't be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wanted to see some new developments.
“I hope UT-Austin still keeps me employed，” Goodenough once joked.
24．When did Goodenough achieve a doctor's degree？( )
A．In 1922. B．In 1943. C．In 1952. D．In 1979.
25．Where did Goodenough lay the basis for RAM？( )
A．At the University of Texas. B．At the University of Oxford.
C．At the University of Chicago. D．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
26．How can we describe Goodenough？( )
A．Considerate. B．Determined. C．Generous. D．Modest.
27．Which of the following could be the best title？( )
A．Time Waits for No Man B．Make the World “Goodenough”
C．Born Poor, Achieved Great D．Never Too Old to Learn
C
A recent study suggests teaching children to understand other people's perspectives (观点) could make it easier for them to learn how to forgive other people and that teaching children to make sincere apologies can help them receive forgiveness from others.
“Forgiveness is important in children and adults for restoring (恢复) relationships and limiting future conflicts，” says Kelly Lynn Mulvey, lead author of the study. “But we didn't know much about what makes children more likely to forgive others, particularly from early childhood to adolescence. That's what we wanted to explore with our study.”
To that end, Mulvey studied 185 children between the ages of 5 and 14. They found that children are more likely to forgive someone if they have apologized. Mulvey says, “Children are able to restore relationships with others, and are usually interested in doing so.”
The researchers found two things related to forgiveness that parents and teachers should focus on. One is helping kids understand how important it is to apologize in a meaningful way. “Children are able to recognize an insincere apology, and insincere apologies are not helpful in encouraging forgiveness，” Mulvey says. “The apology needs to make it clear that someone understands why what they did was wrong. This,_in turn, makes other kids more likely to give them a second chance.”
The second focus is helping kids understand the perspectives of other people, even if they are different from yours. “One of the biggest implications (可能的影响) of our study is that teachers and parents need to actively help children learn the theory of mind skills，” Mulvey says. “A good starting point is getting kids to explain the reason behind their actions and how this might make other people feel. Helping young people develop these skills in childhood will aid them in dealing with diverse and complex matters.”
28．What does Mulvey's study focus on？( )
A．Ways to avoid future conflicts. B．What makes children forgive others easily.
C．The necessity of sincere apologies. D．The importance of understanding others.
29．Who are more likely to gain children's forgiveness according to the study？( )
A．Those who have made a sincere apology. B．Those who get along well with others.
C．Those who have excellent social skills. D．Those who are willing to make compromises.
30．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to？( )
A．The way to apologize.
B．The ability to forgive others.
C．The case that kids acknowledge their faults.
D．The case that kids know the meaning of apology.
31．What can we conclude about the theory of mind skills from the text？( )
A．It inspires kids to improve their behavior.
B．It helps kids to solve complicated problems.
C．It assists kids in handling emotional issues.
D．It makes kids aware of the difference between people.
D
Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G．Kaelin Jr. of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel winners showed life's most adaptive processes，” Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly at Sweden's Karolinska Institute said. “The three physicians found the molecular switch (分子开关) that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”
“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability，” Johnson said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops, and as muscles work, the oxygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”
The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.
Kaelin was born in New York and received an M. D. from Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.
Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a B. A. in biology from Harvard and his M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.
32．What can we know about the three scientists？( )
A．They studied different fields. B．They shared one prize.
C．They researched heart disease. D．They found the function of embryos.
33．What did Johnson think of the discoveries？( )
A．Important. B．Meaningless. C．Interesting. D．Disappointing.
34．What does the underlined word “exploit” in Paragraph 4 mean？( )
A．Develop. B．Handle. C．Stress. D．Follow.
35．What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about？( )
A．The three scientists' achievements. B．The influence of the discoveries.
C．The example set by the three scientists. D．The introduction of the three scientists.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before you can commit to achieving a goal, you have to define what exactly your goal is. This is much harder than it may sound. It can take a lot of thoughts and considerations to find out what you want. 36(____)
Try free writing to come up with ideas. If you're having trouble coming up with a broad idea for your goal, try a free writing exercise. 37(____) You may find that your brain gets more creative when you're not forcing it to come up with ideas.
Avoid goals based on external (外部的) factors. 38(____)Otherwise, you risk getting frustrated if you can't complete your goal because of something that's out of your control. For example, if your goal is to be the best player on your baseball team, and someone else ends up being better than you, you won't be able to reach your goal.
Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible: 39(____)You shouldn't, however, set goals that are so difficult that you get frustrated and stop.
40(____) It helps to set a date that you would like to achieve your goal by. This will help prevent you from putting off working on it. It will also help you track your progress by setting benchmarks (标准).
A．Break up your goal into sub-goals.
B．By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier.
C．Figure out why exactly you find this goal challenging.
D．Set up a timetable for your goal.
E．Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over.
F．It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind.
G．Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节， 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题1分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable. She didn't know how she was going to __41__ it. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon __42__. She was always worried and __43__ of fighting and struggling all the time.
Her father, a chef, took her to the __44__. He filled three pots with water and __45__ each on a high fire. Once the water began to boil, he put potatoes, eggs and ground coffee beans into the pots __46__. After twenty minutes he __47__ the burners. He put the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and dished the coffee out into a cup.
“Look closer”， he explained the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same __48__ —the boiling water. However, each one __49__ differently.
The potato became __50__ and soft in boiling water. __51__ being fragile(易碎的)，the egg became hard inside. However, the ground coffee beans were __52__. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and __53__ something new, whose rich sweet smell makes people __54__.
The father asked, “When trouble knocks on your door, are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean？” These words made the daughter lost in thought and seemed to cast __55__ on her attitude to life.
41．( )A．manage B．switch C．grasp D．defend
42．( )A．poured B．followed C．integrated D．joined
43．( )A．afraid B．fond C．aware D．tired
44．( )A．restaurant B．market C．kitchen D．restroom
45．( )A．struck B．placed C．pushed D．lifted
46．( )A．impatiently B．separately C．totally D．accidentally
47．( )A．turned off B．broke down C．took away D．straightened up
48．( )A．aim B．setting C．choice D．trouble
49．( )A．expanded B．reacted C．responded D．struggled
50．( )A．big B．rotten C．weak D．fresh
51．( )A．Apart from B．As for C．Instead of D．Due to
52．( )A．secure B．strange C．similar D．unique
53．( )A．linked B．tackled C．created D．added
54．( )A．surprised B．excited C．amused D．addicted
55．( )A．light B．doubt C．shadow D．attention
第二节(共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Couple Fighting Sand in Inner Mongolia
After an early autumn rain, Bao Hua couldn't wait to check on her trees in the desert. She was 56.________ (satisfy) to see the trees turning green again. The 57.________ (time) rain saved around 80，000 yuan for her. A monthly watering of their trees usually 58.________ (cost) 200，000 yuan.
In 2000, Bao, along 59.________ around 80 households of herdsmen (牧民) and farmers, moved to a village in the desert in response to the government's call for returning pastures (牧场) to forest and grassland. The village, not far from both the Badain Jaran Desert, the 60.________ (three) largest desert in China, and the Tengger Desert, 61.________ (trouble) by sandstorms in the spring then, driving farmers and herders home to deal with potential economic losses.
But Bao, a tough Mongolian, made up her mind 62.________ (stay) and deal with desertification. After they talked with experts and residents, she and her husband used their own savings to plant saxaul trees, 63.________ can survive in dry conditions and withstand strong winds.
Before sunrise, they wear thick coats and hats and plant small trees in the strong, cold wind. 64.________ (lack) watering equipment, they carry water to each tree, one by one. Over the past two decades, they have planted some 33，000 hectares of trees. With a son and a daughter both now grown up and independent, Bao is free to enjoy her life. But she still leads 65.________ busy life, getting up as early as 5 am to run errands (差事) every day.
第四部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，是你校学生会主席。学生会计划下周五举办主题为“People of Achievement”的英语演讲比赛，请你准备一则英文通知，刊登在校英文报上，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．比赛信息：时间、地点等。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Notice
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第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had a neighbor who had a sick son in my community. The little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate in the world because a muscle disease made him weak and clumsy. Though he didn't look any different from other people, he often dropped things and bumped into furniture and easily got out of breath after running a short way. He seldom played with his classmates, so he felt lonely; and in class when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always lowered his head without a word. His mother was very worried about the boy.
One spring, the boy's mother bought some saplings (树苗) from the market. She wanted to plant them in front of the house. She told her children to plant a sapling each person. The mother said to her three children, “Whose seedling grows best, I will buy him or her a favorite gift.” The boy also wanted to get his mother's gift. But seeing his brother and sister carrying water to water the trees happily, anyhow, an idea hit him: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So watering it once or twice, he never attended to it.
A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was surprised to find that the tree grew some fresh leaves instead of withering (枯萎), and compared with the trees of his brother and sister, his tree appeared greener and more vital. He wondered what on earth had happened. As expected, his mother kept her promise, bought the little boy his favorite gift and said to him, “From the tree you plant, you will become an outstanding botanist (植物学家) when you grow up.”
Since then, the little boy slowly became optimistic. One day, the little boy lay on the bed but couldn't sleep. Looking at the bright moonlight outside the window, he suddenly recalled what the biology teacher once said, “Plants generally grow at night.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
“Why not go to see the tree？” he thought to himself.
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He returned to his room, with tears pouring down his face without a stop.
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单元质量检测卷(一)
第一部分
听力材料：
Text 1
W: If you don't get up soon，you'll be late for work.
M: I'm not getting up today. I'm going to enjoy lying here.
Text 2
M: I'd like to buy these 6 New Year's cards. Are they two yuan each
W: Five of them are，but the smaller one is only one yuan.
Text 3
W: How long will it take you to fix my computer
M: I'll ring you when it's ready，but it shouldn't take longer than a week.
Text 4
W: It is said that you are going to spend your holiday in London this year.
M: No, anywhere but London. In fact, I feel like seeing the country life. Not a crowded and noisy capital.
Text 5
W: Let's go to the movies tonight，Peter.
M: I'd like to，but Mother wants me to go home first, then I can go.
Text 6
W: Were you invited to the party last Saturday
M: Yes，that's right.
W: How many of you were invited there
M: Five. John, Jane, Rose, Harry and me.
W: Was Rose asked to do anything
M: Yes, of course. She was asked to sing a pop song.
W: Were you and Harry asked to dance
M: No. Harry didn't dance with me this time. He was asked to dance with Jane.
W: Then what were you asked to do
M: I was asked to play the violin.
Text 7
W: Hello，John.
M: Hi，Mary. I've got some bad news.
W: Yes
M: Our class lost the basketball match yesterday.
W: Oh, really What was the score
M: 32 to 15.
W: Impossible. You didn't play well
M: Tim didn't come. He had a fever.
W: No wonder. It doesn't matter. They were only lucky. I'm sure we will win next time.
M: And there is something else.
W: What
M: Miss Green is leaving. She's getting married and will live with her husband in London.
W: That's really bad news. I enjoy her lessons so much. Then we are going to have a new history teacher.
Text 8
M: Here's your room, madam.
W: Thank you. Oh，what a nice，large room!
M: Yes. All the rooms here at the hotel are quite large. And the rooms on this side of the building have a lovely view.
W: You're right. This view is wonderful!
M: Our rooms also have telephones, TV sets and radios and you are free to use them.
W: Oh, that's wonderful. Thank you very much.
M: If you have something you can call me any time.
W: I see. Thank you for your help.
M: It's my pleasure.
Text 9
W: What shall we do this weekend
M: I don't know. I just want to stay at home and do some reading. It has been a busy week. What would you like to do
W: Let's take a boat to the islands. We can have a picnic and go swimming.
M: It's a long way. Besides, the water is quite cool these days. I don't really want to do that.
W: Let's go to the Stratford then. We can spend the day by the river，and in the evening we can go and see a play.
M: That sounds a better idea. Let's phone the theatre and book our tickets.
W: What's the phone number
M: It's 527－860.
Text 10
Harry came to his mother one morning while she was having her breakfast，and said to her, “No one at my school likes me, Mother. The teachers don't, and the children don't. Even the cleaners and the bus drivers hate me.”
“Well, Harry，” his mother answered, “Perhaps you aren't very nice to them. If a few people don't like a person, he or she may not be responsible for that. But if a lot of people don't, there is usually something wrong, and that person really needs to change.”
“I'm too old to change，” Harry said, “I don't want to go to school.”
“Don't be silly, Harry，” his mother said, going to the garage to get the car out. “You have to go. You're quite well, and you still have a lot of things to learn. And besides that you're headmaster of the school.”
答案：
1－5 ABBBC 6－10 BACCB
11－15 CBBAA 16－20 CABCC
第二部分
第一节
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四名改变世界的女性科学家。
21．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)中的“Austriaborn Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a selftaught inventor.”可知，除了是一个发明家，海蒂·拉玛也是一个女演员。
22．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou (1930—)中的“Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world.”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。
23．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.”可知，这四位女科学家的共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了2019年诺贝尔化学奖得主98岁高龄的John B. Goodenough如何研发与人们生活息息相关的锂离子电池。
24．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知， Goodenough出生于1922年。再根据第三段“a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Chicago when he was 30.”可知， Goodenough在1952年获得博士学位。
25．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知， Goodenough是在Massachusetts Institute of Technology的实验室奠定了RAM的基础。
26．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段及文章最后一段可知， 在Goodenough的一生之中遇到了许多困难， 但是他都克服了并且取得了成功。由此推断出， 他是一个有决心的人。
27．答案与解析：D 标题归纳题。文章以Goodenough获得诺贝尔奖为切入口， 介绍了Goodenough如何研发了与日常生活息息相关的锂离子电池， 并且为全世界人民带来了便利。根据倒数第二段首句可知，Goodenough在98岁高龄时仍然坚持打破科学的界限。正好符合选项D(活到老学到老)。故选D。
C
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北卡罗来纳州立大学对185名儿童进行了观察研究，此研究发现了一些父母和老师能够帮助儿童学会宽恕行为的方法：一是帮助孩子们进行有意义的道歉；二是帮助孩子理解其他人的不同观点。
28．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But we didn't know much about what makes children more likely to forgive others, particularly from early childhood to adolescence. That's what we wanted to explore with our study.”可知，马尔维的研究重点是什么让孩子更容易原谅别人。
29．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Children are able to recognize an insincere apology, and insincere apologies are not helpful in encouraging forgiveness”可推知，根据这项研究，那些真诚道歉的人更有可能获得孩子们的原谅。
30．答案与解析：D 代词指代题。根据上文“One is helping kids understand how important it is to apologize in a meaningful way.”和画线词的前一句“The apology needs to make it clear that someone understands why what they did was wrong.”和画线词下一句“in turn, makes other kids more likely to give them a second chance”可知，此处画线词this指的是“孩子们知道道歉的意义这件事”。
31．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Helping young people develop these skills in childhood will aid them in dealing with diverse and complex matters.”可知，我们能从文中得出关于心智技能理论的结论是：它可以帮助孩子们解决复杂的问题。
D
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位科学家。
32．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据首段首句“Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”可知，三位科学家共享了诺贝尔奖。
33．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段首句“‘The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel winners showed life's most adaptive processes，’ Randall Johnson...said.”可知，他认为这项发现是重要的，故选A项。
34．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第四段“The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.”可知，此处表示“产生新的方法”之意，develop“开发”符合，故选A项。
35．答案与解析：D 段落大意题。纵观最后三段可知，主要介绍了三位科学家的出生地、求学和工作等相关信息，故选D项。
第二节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了明确目标的方法。
36．答案与解析：B 根据上文可知要想知道你想要的是什么需要很多思考和考量。又根据下文每段句首可知提到了明确的目标和步骤。B项： By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier. (通过采取正确的步骤， 你决定目标的过程会变得容易得多。)符合语境。
37．答案与解析：F 本段主要是要写出一些想法。F项： It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind. (它包括简单地写下出现在他脑海里的任何特定的问题。)符合语境。
38．答案与解析：E 上文提到了避免目标受外部因素的影响， 即要设定能控制的目标。E项： Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over. (一般来说， 设定你能控制的目标更有效。)符合语境。
39．答案与解析：G 根据上文内容“Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible(判断你的目标是否足够具有挑战性， 但又不是不可能实现的。)”可知， 空处指出应该要选具有挑战性的目标。G项： Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment. (你的目标应该有足够的挑战性， 让你保持兴趣， 并给你成就感。)符合语境。
40．答案与解析：D 本段主要讲述的是要为目标制定一个时间表。D项： Set up a timetable for your goal. (为你的目标制定一个时间表。)符合语境。
第三部分
第一节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个女孩告诉爸爸她不知道生活如何成功，厌倦于努力和奋斗，想放弃，爸爸将她带到厨房，把胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做。
41．答案与解析：A 根据上句“A daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable.”可知，她的生活很悲惨，她不知道该怎么处理。
42．答案与解析：B 根据上文“A daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable.”可知，一个问题被解决了，另一个问题随之出现了。
43．答案与解析：D 根据本句中“fighting and struggling all the time”可知，她厌倦了一直在奋斗和挣扎，be tired of...“厌倦……”。
44．答案与解析：C 根据本句“Her father, a chef ”可知，爸爸带她到了厨房。
45．答案与解析：B 句意：他把三个罐子装满水，放在大火上烧。 根据本句“on a high fire”可知，爸爸把三个罐子放在大火上烧。
46．答案与解析：B 根据后文“He put the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and dished the coffee out into a cup.”可知，他将土豆、鸡蛋和磨碎的咖啡豆分别放入锅中。
47．答案与解析：A 根据后文“He put the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and dished the coffee out into a cup.”可知，爸爸关掉了炉子。
48．答案与解析：D 根据本句“ the boiling water ”可知，这是土豆、鸡蛋和咖啡豆都面临的困难。
49．答案与解析：B 根据后文“The potato became __50__ and soft in boiling water. __51__ being fragile(易碎的)，the egg became hard inside.”可知，每个的反应都不同。
50．答案与解析：C 根据本句“and soft in boiling water ”可知，土豆在沸水里变得又弱又软。
51．答案与解析：C 根据本句“the egg became hard inside ”可知，鸡蛋的内部变得坚硬，而不是脆弱。
52．答案与解析：D 根据后文“After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and __53__ something new ”可知，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的。
53．答案与解析：C 根据本句“something new ”可知，是创造出了新的东西。
54．答案与解析：D 根据本句“rich sweet smell”可知，它浓郁的香味让人上瘾。
55．答案与解析：A 句意：这些话使女儿陷入了沉思，似乎使她对生活的态度有了新的认识。 根据上文“The father asked, ‘When trouble knocks on your door, are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean？’ ”可知，父亲的这些话让小女孩陷入深思，似乎使她对生活的态度有了新的认识。cast light on使明白(某事)。
第二节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位在沙漠中植树造林，与荒漠化斗争的内蒙古女性宝花。
56．答案与解析：satisfied 句意：看到树木又变绿了，她很满意。分析句子可知，系动词“was”后应用形容词作表语，主语是人，故填satisfied。
57．答案与解析：timely 句意：及时的雨为她节省了大约8万元。分析句子可知，“rain”为名词，空格处应用形容词作定语，故填timely。
58．答案与解析：costs 句意：他们的树木一个月浇水通常需要20万元。根据句中“usually”可知，句中表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，“A monthly watering of their trees”为动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故填costs。
59．答案与解析：with 句意：2000年，宝花和大约80户牧民和农民一起，响应政府要求将牧场恢复为森林和草原的号召，搬到了沙漠中的一个村庄。分析句子可知，句中为固定短语“along with...”，意为“随同……一起”，故空格处应用介词“with”。
60．答案与解析：third 句意：这个村庄距离中国第三大沙漠巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠都不远，当时春天遭遇沙尘暴，迫使农民和牧民回家应对潜在的经济损失。根据句意和句中定冠词“the”可知，句中指巴丹吉林沙漠是中国第三大沙漠，故空格处应用序数词，故填third。
61．答案与解析：was troubled 根据句意和句中“in the spring then”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，且主语“village”和谓语动词“trouble”间为被动关系，故填was troubled。
62．答案与解析：to stay 句意：但宝花，一个坚强的蒙古族人，决定留下来处理沙漠化问题。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“make up one's mind to do sth.”，意为“下定决心做某事”，故填to stay。
63．答案与解析：which 句意：在与专家和居民交谈后，她和丈夫用自己的积蓄种植了沙柳树，这种树可以在干燥的条件下生存并抵御强风。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“saxaul trees”，指物，故填which。
64．答案与解析：Lacking 句意：由于缺乏浇水设备，他们一棵接一棵地给每棵树浇水。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“carry”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语“they”和“lack”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Lacking。
65．答案与解析：a 句意：但她仍然过着忙碌的生活，每天早上5点就起床忙碌。分析句子可知，句中泛指过着一种忙碌的生活，“lead a．..life”，意为“过着……的生活”，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。
第四部分
第一节
One possible version：
Notice
To improve our spoken English, an English Speaking Contest will be held by the Student Union.
With the theme of “People of Achievement”， the contest is going to be held at the school hall next Friday afternoon from 3：00 to 5：00. You're required to describe a person who has made a great achievement. It could be a scientist, an artist, a writer, etc. If you have a passion for English speaking, please take part in the contest!
Wish you success!
The Student Union
第二节
One possible version：
“Why not go to see the tree？” he thought to himself. Then he got out of the bed and came to the courtyard on tiptoe. Before he approached the tree he planted, he found his mother was watering it carefully. All of a sudden, he understood it was his mother who had been secretly fertilizing and watering his small tree! The tree would have withered but for the care of his mother. Standing in the darkness, deeply touched, how he wanted to say thanks to his mother. But he didn't.
He returned to his room, with tears pouring down his face without a stop. From that night on, he understood what his mother meant and decided to change himself. When he was in trouble and wanted to give up sometimes, Mother's small figure that night always lingered in his mind. Being strong and confident, he overcame all the difficulties he was faced with. Decades passed, the little boy became a botanist, who was confident and optimistic. Love is the best gift for growth. With the gift, a thin tree can flourish and even grow into a towering tree.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共110张PPT)
单元质量检测卷(一)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
W: If you don't get up soon，you'll be late for work.
M: I'm not getting up today. I'm going to enjoy lying here.
1．Where is the man now？( )
A．In the bed. B．In the kitchen. C．In the office.
A
Text 2
M: I'd like to buy these 6 New Year's cards. Are they two yuan each
W: Five of them are，but the smaller one is only one yuan.
2．How much are the cards all together？( )
A．10 yuan. B．11 yuan. C．12 yuan.
B
Text 3
W: How long will it take you to fix my computer
M: I'll ring you when it's ready，but it shouldn't take longer than a week.
3．What is the man going to do？( )
A．He wants the woman to fix his computer.
B．He'll call the woman if the computer is OK.
C．He wants the woman to call him after a week.
B
Text 4
W: It is said that you are going to spend your holiday in London this year.
M: No, anywhere but London. In fact, I feel like seeing the country life. Not a crowded and noisy capital.
4．Where is the man going to spend his holiday？( )
A．In London. B．In the country. C．In a big city.
B
Text 5
W: Let's go to the movies tonight，Peter.
M: I'd like to，but Mother wants me to go home first, then I can go.
5．Can Peter go out tonight？( )
A．No，not at all. B．Yes，with his mother.
C．Yes，if he goes home first.
C
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
Text 6
W: Were you invited to the party last Saturday
M: Yes，that's right.
W: How many of you were invited there
M: Five. John, Jane, Rose, Harry and me.
W: Was Rose asked to do anything
M: Yes, of course. She was asked to sing a pop song.
W: Were you and Harry asked to dance
M: No. Harry didn't dance with me this time. He was asked to dance with Jane.
W: Then what were you asked to do
M: I was asked to play the violin.
6．What were the students invited to do？( )
A．To have dinner. B．To take part in a party.
C．To attend a meeting.
B
7．What was the man asked to do at the party？( )
A．To play the violin. B．To dance with Harry.
C．To sing a pop song.
A
8．Whom did Harry dance with this time？( )
A．John. B．Rose. C．Jane.
C
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
Text 7
W: Hello，John.
M: Hi，Mary. I've got some bad news.
W: Yes
M: Our class lost the basketball match yesterday.
W: Oh, really What was the score
M: 32 to 15.
W: Impossible. You didn't play well
M: Tim didn't come. He had a fever.
W: No wonder. It doesn't matter. They were only lucky. I'm sure we will win next time.
M: And there is something else.
W: What
M: Miss Green is leaving. She's getting married and will live with her husband in London.
W: That's really bad news. I enjoy her lessons so much. Then we are going to have a new history teacher.
9．What was the first piece of bad news John told Mary？( )
A．Tim had caught a bad cold. B．He played badly in a match.
C．Their class had lost a basketball match.
C
10．What do you know about Tim from the dialogue？( )
A．He is often ill. B．He is very good at basketball.
C．He is the team leader.
B
11．What does Miss Green do？( )
A．She is a student. B．She is a housewife. C．She teaches history.
C
听第8段材料，回答第12至13题。
Text 8
M: Here's your room, madam.
W: Thank you. Oh，what a nice，large room!
M: Yes. All the rooms here at the hotel are quite large. And the rooms on this side of the building have a lovely view.
W: You're right. This view is wonderful!
M: Our rooms also have telephones, TV sets and radios and you are free to use them.
W: Oh, that's wonderful. Thank you very much.
M: If you have something you can call me any time.
W: I see. Thank you for your help.
M: It's my pleasure.
12．Where does this conversation take place？( )
A．At the restaurant. B．At the hotel. C．In the shop.
B
13．What do we know about the rooms？( )
A．They are just common. B．They are very good.
C．They are bad.
B
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
Text 9
W: What shall we do this weekend
M: I don't know. I just want to stay at home and do some reading. It has been a busy week. What would you like to do
W: Let's take a boat to the islands. We can have a picnic and go swimming.
M: It's a long way. Besides, the water is quite cool these days. I don't really want to do that.
W: Let's go to the Stratford then. We can spend the day by the river，and in the evening we can go and see a play.
M: That sounds a better idea. Let's phone the theatre and book our tickets.
W: What's the phone number
M: It's 527－860.
14．What won't the speakers do this weekend？( )
A．Take a boat to the islands. B．Go to the river. C．See a play.
A
15．Why does the man suggest phoning the theatre？( )
A．To book tickets. B．To check if there will be a play.
C．To check if it is open this weekend.
A
16．What's the phone number？( )
A．527-086. B．572-860. C．527-860.
C
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
Text 10
Harry came to his mother one morning while she was having her breakfast，and said to her, “No one at my school likes me, Mother. The teachers don't, and the children don't. Even the cleaners and the bus drivers hate me.”
“Well, Harry，” his mother answered, “Perhaps you aren't very nice to them. If a few people don't like a person, he or she may not be responsible for that. But if a lot of people don't, there is usually something wrong, and that person really needs to change.”
“I'm too old to change，” Harry said, “I don't want to go to school.”
“Don't be silly, Harry，” his mother said, going to the garage to get the car out. “You have to go. You're quite well, and you still have a lot of things to learn. And besides that you're headmaster of the school.”
17．When did the story take place？( )
A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening.
A
18．What was Harry's problem？( )
A．Everyone at his school likes him.
B．No one at his school likes him.
C．Some people at his school dislike him.
B
19．Why didn't Harry want to accept his mother's advice？( )
A．He thought he was too weak.
B．He thought he was the headmaster.
C．He thought he was too old to change.
C
20．What have you learned from the text？( )
A．Harry is a bus driver. B．Harry is a student.
C．Harry is a headmaster.
C
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.
Wu Chien-shiung (1912—1997)
Born in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world's first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu's critical role in the work was overlooked.
Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)
Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the Second World War, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology.
Katherine Johnson (1918—2020)
African-American NASA mathematician Johnson's calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”．
Tu Youyou (1930—)
Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in Physiology or Medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四名改变世界的女性科学家。
21．Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) ______．( )
A．composer B．producer C．actress D．mathematician
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)中的“Austria born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self taught inventor.”可知，除了是一个发明家，海蒂·拉玛也是一个女演员。
22．What is Tu Youyou's greatest contribution to the world？( )
A．She treated people for cancer.
B．She is the first Chinese Nobel winner.
C．Her discovery helped save millions.
D．Her research project is one of a kind.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou (1930—)中的“Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world.”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。
23．What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text？( )
A．They shared the same interest.
B．They each constructed a theory.
C．They were all awarded the Nobel Prize.
D．They all made a difference to the world.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.”可知，这四位女科学家的共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。
B
John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin (UT-Austin), won the 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on developing lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池). He was the oldest person to win a Nobel Prize.
Goodenough, who was born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries using Goodenough's inventions are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.
Goodenough received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Yale University at 21 and a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Chicago when he was 30. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told him in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.
He began his career in 1952 at Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer.
After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford, where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物). That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery.
Goodenough joined UT-Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.
At 98 years old, he still continued to push the boundaries of materials science. In spite of the lithium-ion battery being well-developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can't be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wanted to see some new developments.
“I hope UT-Austin still keeps me employed，” Goodenough once joked.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了2019年诺贝尔化学奖得主98岁高龄的John B. Goodenough如何研发与人们生活息息相关的锂离子电池。
24．When did Goodenough achieve a doctor's degree？( )
A．In 1922. B．In 1943. C．In 1952. D．In 1979.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知， Goodenough出生于1922年。再根据第三段“a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Chicago when he was 30.”可知， Goodenough在1952年获得博士学位。
25．Where did Goodenough lay the basis for RAM？( )
A．At the University of Texas.
B．At the University of Oxford.
C．At the University of Chicago.
D．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知， Goodenough是在Massachusetts Institute of Technology的实验室奠定了RAM的基础。
26．How can we describe Goodenough？( )
A．Considerate. B．Determined. C．Generous. D．Modest.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段及文章最后一段可知， 在Goodenough的一生之中遇到了许多困难， 但是他都克服了并且取得了成功。由此推断出， 他是一个有决心的人。
27．Which of the following could be the best title？( )
A．Time Waits for No Man B．Make the World “Goodenough”
C．Born Poor, Achieved Great D．Never Too Old to Learn
答案与解析：D 标题归纳题。文章以Goodenough获得诺贝尔奖为切入口， 介绍了Goodenough如何研发了与日常生活息息相关的锂离子电池， 并且为全世界人民带来了便利。根据倒数第二段首句可知，Goodenough在98岁高龄时仍然坚持打破科学的界限。正好符合选项D(活到老学到老)。故选D。
C
A recent study suggests teaching children to understand other people's perspectives (观点) could make it easier for them to learn how to forgive other people and that teaching children to make sincere apologies can help them receive forgiveness from others.
“Forgiveness is important in children and adults for restoring (恢复) relationships and limiting future conflicts，” says Kelly Lynn Mulvey, lead author of the study. “But we didn't know much about what makes children more likely to forgive others, particularly from early childhood to adolescence. That's what we wanted to explore with our study.”
To that end, Mulvey studied 185 children between the ages of 5 and 14. They found that children are more likely to forgive someone if they have apologized. Mulvey says, “Children are able to restore relationships with others, and are usually interested in doing so.”
The researchers found two things related to forgiveness that parents and teachers should focus on. One is helping kids understand how important it is to apologize in a meaningful way. “Children are able to recognize an insincere apology, and insincere apologies are not helpful in encouraging forgiveness，” Mulvey says. “The apology needs to make it clear that someone understands why what they did was wrong. This,_in turn, makes other kids more likely to give them a second chance.”
The second focus is helping kids understand the perspectives of other people, even if they are different from yours. “One of the biggest implications (可能的影响) of our study is that teachers and parents need to actively help children learn the theory of mind skills，” Mulvey says. “A good starting point is getting kids to explain the reason behind their actions and how this might make other people feel. Helping young people develop these skills in childhood will aid them in dealing with diverse and complex matters.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北卡罗来纳州立大学对185名儿童进行了观察研究，此研究发现了一些父母和老师能够帮助儿童学会宽恕行为的方法：一是帮助孩子们进行有意义的道歉；二是帮助孩子理解其他人的不同观点。
28．What does Mulvey's study focus on？( )
A．Ways to avoid future conflicts.
B．What makes children forgive others easily.
C．The necessity of sincere apologies.
D．The importance of understanding others.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But we didn't know much about what makes children more likely to forgive others, particularly from early childhood to adolescence. That's what we wanted to explore with our study.”可知，马尔维的研究重点是什么让孩子更容易原谅别人。
29．Who are more likely to gain children's forgiveness according to the study？( )
A．Those who have made a sincere apology.
B．Those who get along well with others.
C．Those who have excellent social skills.
D．Those who are willing to make compromises.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Children are able to recognize an insincere apology, and insincere apologies are not helpful in encouraging forgiveness”可推知，根据这项研究，那些真诚道歉的人更有可能获得孩子们的原谅。
30．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to？( )
A．The way to apologize.
B．The ability to forgive others.
C．The case that kids acknowledge their faults.
D．The case that kids know the meaning of apology.
答案与解析：D 代词指代题。根据上文“One is helping kids understand how important it is to apologize in a meaningful way.”和画线词的前一句“The apology needs to make it clear that someone understands why what they did was wrong.”和画线词下一句“in turn, makes other kids more likely to give them a second chance”可知，此处画线词this指的是“孩子们知道道歉的意义这件事”。
31．What can we conclude about the theory of mind skills from the text？( )
A．It inspires kids to improve their behavior.
B．It helps kids to solve complicated problems.
C．It assists kids in handling emotional issues.
D．It makes kids aware of the difference between people.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Helping young people develop these skills in childhood will aid them in dealing with diverse and complex matters.”可知，我们能从文中得出关于心智技能理论的结论是：它可以帮助孩子们解决复杂的问题。
D
Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G．Kaelin Jr. of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel winners showed life's most adaptive processes，” Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly at Sweden's Karolinska Institute said. “The three physicians found the molecular switch (分子开关) that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”
“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability，” Johnson said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops, and as muscles work, the oxygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”
The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.
Kaelin was born in New York and received an M. D. from Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.
Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a B. A. in biology from Harvard and his M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位科学家。
32．What can we know about the three scientists？( )
A．They studied different fields.
B．They shared one prize.
C．They researched heart disease.
D．They found the function of embryos.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据首段首句“Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”可知，三位科学家共享了诺贝尔奖。
33．What did Johnson think of the discoveries？( )
A．Important. B．Meaningless. C．Interesting. D．Disappointing.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段首句“‘The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel winners showed life's most adaptive processes，’ Randall Johnson...said.”可知，他认为这项发现是重要的，故选A项。
34．What does the underlined word “exploit” in Paragraph 4 mean？( )
A．Develop. B．Handle. C．Stress. D．Follow.
答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第四段“The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.”可知，此处表示“产生新的方法”之意，develop“开发”符合，故选A项。
35．What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about？( )
A．The three scientists' achievements.
B．The influence of the discoveries.
C．The example set by the three scientists.
D．The introduction of the three scientists.
答案与解析：D 段落大意题。纵观最后三段可知，主要介绍了三位科学家的出生地、求学和工作等相关信息，故选D项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before you can commit to achieving a goal, you have to define what exactly your goal is. This is much harder than it may sound. It can take a lot of thoughts and considerations to find out what you want. 36(____)
Try free writing to come up with ideas. If you're having trouble coming up with a broad idea for your goal, try a free writing exercise. 37(____) You may find that your brain gets more creative when you're not forcing it to come up with ideas.
Avoid goals based on external (外部的) factors. 38(____)Otherwise, you risk getting frustrated if you can't complete your goal because of something that's out of your control. For example, if your goal is to be the best player on your baseball team, and someone else ends up being better than you, you won't be able to reach your goal.
Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible: 39(____)You shouldn't, however, set goals that are so difficult that you get frustrated and stop.
40(____) It helps to set a date that you would like to achieve your goal by. This will help prevent you from putting off working on it. It will also help you track your progress by setting benchmarks (标准).
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了明确目标的方法。
A．Break up your goal into sub-goals.
B．By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier.
C．Figure out why exactly you find this goal challenging.
D．Set up a timetable for your goal.
E．Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over.
F．It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind.
G．Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment.
36．答案与解析：B 根据上文可知要想知道你想要的是什么需要很多思考和考量。又根据下文每段句首可知提到了明确的目标和步骤。B项： By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier. (通过采取正确的步骤， 你决定目标的过程会变得容易得多。)符合语境。
37．答案与解析：F 本段主要是要写出一些想法。F项： It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind. (它包括简单地写下出现在他脑海里的任何特定的问题。)符合语境。
38．答案与解析：E 上文提到了避免目标受外部因素的影响， 即要设定能控制的目标。E项： Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over. (一般来说， 设定你能控制的目标更有效。)符合语境。
39．答案与解析：G 根据上文内容“Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible(判断你的目标是否足够具有挑战性， 但又不是不可能实现的。)”可知， 空处指出应该要选具有挑战性的目标。G项： Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment. (你的目标应该有足够的挑战性， 让你保持兴趣， 并给你成就感。)符合语境。
40．答案与解析：D 本段主要讲述的是要为目标制定一个时间表。D项： Set up a timetable for your goal. (为你的目标制定一个时间表。)符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节， 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题1分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable. She didn't know how she was going to __41__ it. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon __42__. She was always worried and __43__ of fighting and struggling all the time.
Her father, a chef, took her to the __44__. He filled three pots with water and __45__ each on a high fire. Once the water began to boil, he put potatoes, eggs and ground coffee beans into the pots __46__. After twenty minutes he __47__ the burners. He put the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and dished the coffee out into a cup.
“Look closer”， he explained the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same __48__ —the boiling water. However, each one __49__ differently.
The potato became __50__ and soft in boiling water. __51__ being fragile(易碎的)，the egg became hard inside. However, the ground coffee beans were __52__. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and __53__ something new, whose rich sweet smell makes people __54__.
The father asked, “When trouble knocks on your door, are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean？” These words made the daughter lost in thought and seemed to cast __55__ on her attitude to life.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个女孩告诉爸爸她不知道生活如何成功，厌倦于努力和奋斗，想放弃，爸爸将她带到厨房，把胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做。
41．( )A．manage B．switch C．grasp D．defend
答案与解析：A 根据上句“A daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable.”可知，她的生活很悲惨，她不知道该怎么处理。
42．( )A．poured B．followed C．integrated D．joined
答案与解析：B 根据上文“A daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable.”可知，一个问题被解决了，另一个问题随之出现了。
43．( )A．afraid B．fond C．aware D．tired
答案与解析：D 根据本句中“fighting and struggling all the time”可知，她厌倦了一直在奋斗和挣扎，be tired of...“厌倦……”。
44．( )A．restaurant B．market C．kitchen D．restroom
答案与解析：C 根据本句“Her father, a chef ”可知，爸爸带她到了厨房。
45．( )A．struck B．placed C．pushed D．lifted
答案与解析：B 句意：他把三个罐子装满水，放在大火上烧。 根据本句“on a high fire”可知，爸爸把三个罐子放在大火上烧。
46．( )A．impatiently B．separately
C．totally D．accidentally
答案与解析：B 根据后文“He put the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and dished the coffee out into a cup.”可知，他将土豆、鸡蛋和磨碎的咖啡豆分别放入锅中。
47．( )A．turned off B．broke down
C．took away D．straightened up
答案与解析：A 根据后文“He put the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and dished the coffee out into a cup.”可知，爸爸关掉了炉子。
48．( )A．aim B．setting C．choice D．trouble
答案与解析：D 根据本句“ the boiling water ”可知，这是土豆、鸡蛋和咖啡豆都面临的困难。
49．( )A．expanded B．reacted C．responded D．struggled
答案与解析：B 根据后文“The potato became __50__ and soft in boiling water. __51__ being fragile(易碎的)，the egg became hard inside.”可知，每个的反应都不同。
50．( )A．big B．rotten C．weak D．fresh
答案与解析：C 根据本句“and soft in boiling water ”可知，土豆在沸水里变得又弱又软。
51．( )A．Apart from B．As for C．Instead of D．Due to
答案与解析：C 根据本句“the egg became hard inside ”可知，鸡蛋的内部变得坚硬，而不是脆弱。
52．( )A．secure B．strange C．similar D．unique
答案与解析：D 根据后文“After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and __53__ something new ”可知，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的。
53．( )A．linked B．tackled C．created D．added
答案与解析：C 根据本句“something new ”可知，是创造出了新的东西。
54．( )A．surprised B．excited C．amused D．addicted
答案与解析：D 根据本句“rich sweet smell”可知，它浓郁的香味让人上瘾。
55．( )A．light B．doubt C．shadow D．attention
答案与解析：A 句意：这些话使女儿陷入了沉思，似乎使她对生活的态度有了新的认识。 根据上文“The father asked, ‘When trouble knocks on your door, are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean？’ ”可知，父亲的这些话让小女孩陷入深思，似乎使她对生活的态度有了新的认识。cast light on使明白(某事)。
第二节(共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Couple Fighting Sand in Inner Mongolia
After an early autumn rain, Bao Hua couldn't wait to check on her trees in the desert. She was 56.________ (satisfy) to see the trees turning green again. The 57.________ (time) rain saved around 80，000 yuan for her. A monthly watering of their trees usually 58.________ (cost) 200，000 yuan.
satisfied
timely
costs
In 2000, Bao, along 59.________ around 80 households of herdsmen (牧民) and farmers, moved to a village in the desert in response to the government's call for returning pastures (牧场) to forest and grassland. The village, not far from both the Badain Jaran Desert, the 60.________ (three) largest desert in China, and the Tengger Desert, 61.__________ (trouble) by sandstorms in the spring then, driving farmers and herders home to deal with potential economic losses.
with
third
was troubled
But Bao, a tough Mongolian, made up her mind 62.________ (stay) and deal with desertification. After they talked with experts and residents, she and her husband used their own savings to plant saxaul trees, 63.________ can survive in dry conditions and withstand strong winds.
Before sunrise, they wear thick coats and hats and plant small trees in the strong, cold wind. 64.________ (lack) watering equipment, they carry water to each tree, one by one. Over the past two decades, they have planted some 33，000 hectares of trees. With a son and a daughter both now grown up and independent, Bao is free to enjoy her life. But she still leads 65.________ busy life, getting up as early as 5 am to run errands (差事) every day.
to stay
which
Lacking
a
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位在沙漠中植树造林，与荒漠化斗争的内蒙古女性宝花。
56．解析：句意：看到树木又变绿了，她很满意。分析句子可知，系动词“was”后应用形容词作表语，主语是人，故填satisfied。
57．解析：句意：及时的雨为她节省了大约8万元。分析句子可知，“rain”为名词，空格处应用形容词作定语，故填timely。
58．解析：句意：他们的树木一个月浇水通常需要20万元。根据句中“usually”可知，句中表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，“A monthly watering of their trees”为动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故填costs。
59．解析：句意：2000年，宝花和大约80户牧民和农民一起，响应政府要求将牧场恢复为森林和草原的号召，搬到了沙漠中的一个村庄。分析句子可知，句中为固定短语“along with...”，意为“随同……一起”，故空格处应用介词“with”。
60．解析：句意：这个村庄距离中国第三大沙漠巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠都不远，当时春天遭遇沙尘暴，迫使农民和牧民回家应对潜在的经济损失。根据句意和句中定冠词“the”可知，句中指巴丹吉林沙漠是中国第三大沙漠，故空格处应用序数词，故填third。
61．解析：根据句意和句中“in the spring then”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，且主语“village”和谓语动词“trouble”间为被动关系，故填was troubled。
62．解析：句意：但宝花，一个坚强的蒙古族人，决定留下来处理沙漠化问题。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“make up one's mind to do sth.”，意为“下定决心做某事”，故填to stay。
63．解析：句意：在与专家和居民交谈后，她和丈夫用自己的积蓄种植了沙柳树，这种树可以在干燥的条件下生存并抵御强风。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“saxaul trees”，指物，故填which。
64．解析： 句意：由于缺乏浇水设备，他们一棵接一棵地给每棵树浇水。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“carry”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语“they”和“lack”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Lacking。
65．解析：句意：但她仍然过着忙碌的生活，每天早上5点就起床忙碌。分析句子可知，句中泛指过着一种忙碌的生活，“lead a…life”，意为“过着……的生活”，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。
第四部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，是你校学生会主席。学生会计划下周五举办主题为“People of Achievement”的英语演讲比赛，请你准备一则英文通知，刊登在校英文报上，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．比赛信息：时间、地点等。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
One possible version：
Notice
To improve our spoken English, an English Speaking Contest will be held by the Student Union.
With the theme of “People of Achievement”， the contest is going to be held at the school hall next Friday afternoon from 3：00 to 5：00. You're required to describe a person who has made a great achievement. It could be a scientist, an artist, a writer, etc. If you have a passion for English speaking, please take part in the contest!
Wish you success!
The Student Union
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had a neighbor who had a sick son in my community. The little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate in the world because a muscle disease made him weak and clumsy. Though he didn't look any different from other people, he often dropped things and bumped into furniture and easily got out of breath after running a short way. He seldom played with his classmates, so he felt lonely; and in class when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always lowered his head without a word. His mother was very worried about the boy.
One spring, the boy's mother bought some saplings (树苗) from the market. She wanted to plant them in front of the house. She told her children to plant a sapling each person. The mother said to her three children, “Whose seedling grows best, I will buy him or her a favorite gift.” The boy also wanted to get his mother's gift. But seeing his brother and sister carrying water to water the trees happily, anyhow, an idea hit him: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So watering it once or twice, he never attended to it.
A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was surprised to find that the tree grew some fresh leaves instead of withering (枯萎), and compared with the trees of his brother and sister, his tree appeared greener and more vital. He wondered what on earth had happened. As expected, his mother kept her promise, bought the little boy his favorite gift and said to him, “From the tree you plant, you will become an outstanding botanist (植物学家) when you grow up.”
Since then, the little boy slowly became optimistic. One day, the little boy lay on the bed but couldn't sleep. Looking at the bright moonlight outside the window, he suddenly recalled what the biology teacher once said, “Plants generally grow at night.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
“Why not go to see the tree？” he thought to himself.
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He returned to his room, with tears pouring down his face without a stop.
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One possible version：
“Why not go to see the tree？” he thought to himself. Then he got out of the bed and came to the courtyard on tiptoe. Before he approached the tree he planted, he found his mother was watering it carefully. All of a sudden, he understood it was his mother who had been secretly fertilizing and watering his small tree! The tree would have withered but for the care of his mother. Standing in the darkness, deeply touched, how he wanted to say thanks to his mother. But he didn't.
He returned to his room, with tears pouring down his face without a stop. From that night on, he understood what his mother meant and decided to change himself. When he was in trouble and wanted to give up sometimes, Mother's small figure that night always lingered in his mind. Being strong and confident, he overcame all the difficulties he was faced with. Decades passed, the little boy became a botanist, who was confident and optimistic. Love is the best gift for growth. With the gift, a thin tree can flourish and even grow into a towering tree.
