译林版高中英语必修第三册课时练(三) Unit 1 Section C Extended reading & Project & Assessment含答案（教师用）

课时作业(三)　Unit 1 Section C　Extended reading & Project & Assessment　(分值：30分)
阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster areA． Nauru's heartbreaking story may have one good result—other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Snow Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining for the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines phosphate, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroyed the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take nearly $ 433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太平洋岛国瑙鲁因对矿产资源过度开采而造成无法挽回的后果。
1．What might be the author's purpose of writing the text？(　　)
A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B．To give a warning to other countries.
C．To show the importance of money.
D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
答案：B
解析：考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“other countries might learn from its mistakes”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是给其他国家一个警示，希望它们能够从中吸取教训，故选B。
2．What did the ecological disaster in Nauru result from？(　　)
A．The soil pollution.
B．The phosphate overmining.
C．The farming activity.
D．The whale hunting.
答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据文章内容可知，瑙鲁的生态危机是由过度开采磷酸盐造成的。
3．Which of the following is a cause of Nauru's financial problem？(　　)
A．Its leaders misused the money.
B．It spent too much repairing the island.
C．Its phosphate mining cost much money.
D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses”可知，造成瑙鲁财政危机的原因包括其领导人投资不明智，并且把钱用在个人消费上，故A项正确。
4．What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph？(　　)
A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D．The phosphate will be mined further.
答案：A
解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后两句可知，修复瑙鲁的生态环境需要大量的金钱投入以及二十多年的时间，由此可推知被破坏的生态环境很难修复。
B
Since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed Mount Everest, Mount Qomolangma's peak is no longer a lonely place and is turning into a trash heap.
So far, a large number of climbers have successfully reached the peak. And they have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks (狭窄路段) on the way to the peak, a situation that isn't just uncomfortable—it's cold and windy up there—but downright dangerous. If bad weather strikes, climbers can die.
As a matter of fact, the dangerous crowds aren't the only problem on Mount QomolangmA． All those climbers need to bring a lot of gear—and much of it ends up being left on the mountain, sometimes even the peak itself. Mount Qomolangma is becoming the world's largest rubbish dump. Here's mountaineer Mark Jenkins' writing in National Geographic about the state of Mount Qomolangma, “The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are badly polluted with oxygen cans and torn tents everywhere.”
But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking on the work to clean up Mount QomolangmA． Mountaineer Paul Thelen and his friend Eberhard Schaaf are part of the annual Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish from base camps to the peak since 2008.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for a higher purpose. As part of the Mt. Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage brought down the mountain by climbers. They've transformed the cans and oxygen tanks—and in one case, part of the remains of a helicopter—into 74 pieces of art that have already gone on exhibition in Nepal's capital. Part of the profit from sales will go to an association, which has helped collect tons of rubbish on the slopes of the mountain.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于很多人攀登珠峰，现在那里正在变成一个垃圾堆。然而好消息是一些登山者正主动承担起清理珠穆朗玛峰上的垃圾的责任。
5．What do we learn about the bottleneck on the way to Mount Qomolangma's peak？(　　)
A．They are relatively safe.
B．They are often crowded.
C．They are very easy to pass.
D．They are sites of base camps.
答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“And they have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks (狭窄路段) on the way to the peak, a situation that isn't just uncomfortable”可知，攀登者在通过去珠穆朗玛峰顶峰的狭窄路段时要等很长时间，故可知狭窄路段经常很拥挤。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “gear” mean？(　　)
A．Equipment for climbing mountains.
B．The food climbers brought onto the mountain.
C．Some important machines used in the bottlenecks.
D．Some rubbish found on the mountain.
答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。结合语境并根据第三段中的“The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are badly polluted with oxygen cans and torn tents everywhere”可知，两个线路都完全被氧气罐和撕破的帐篷弄脏了，所以可以推测画线词指的是登山者用的登山设备。故选A项。
7．The group of 15 Nepali artists ________．(　　)
A．created works of art using rubbish from Mount Qomolangma
B．were employed to recycle the rubbish
C．climbed Mount Qomolangma and collected 1.5 tons of trash
D．painted 74 beautiful pictures of Mount Qomolangma's peak
答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的第二句和第三句可知，由15个尼泊尔艺术家组成的小组用珠峰上的垃圾创作出了艺术品。故选A。
8．What can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Economical Travel Proves Successful
B．Mount Qomolangma Has Hope of Being Clean
C．How to Protect Yourself on Mount Qomolangma
D．Recycle Rubbish on Mount Qomolangma
答案：B
解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章的内容，尤其是第一段“Since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed Mount Everest, Mount Qomolangma's peak is no longer a lonely place and is turning into a trash heap”和第四段中的“But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking on the work to clean up Mount Qomolangma”可知，由于很多人攀登上珠峰，随处丢弃用完的装备，现在那里正在变成一个垃圾堆，但是有些人正主动承担清理珠峰垃圾的责任，使珠峰变干净。故选B项。
C
“True friendship is like sound health. The value of it is seldom known until it is lost，” Charles Caleb Colton said. Just like in any other relationship, arguments and fights are also part of friendship. You will hardly find friends who have never fought with one another. Whatever the reason is, if a person feels that he is responsible for causing the differences, it is important that he should apologize to his friend.
Though you can use the email, text messages or chat for expressing your apology, the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him. This will make your friend realize that your efforts of saying sorry are genuine and that you really care about him.
Points to Remember：
Timing: Write the letter at the proper time. It is not advisable to put it off for too long.
Words: While you are writing the letter, what matters most is that you truly feel sorry.
Sequence: Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake. Then explain to him your side of the story. In the third and last paragraph, talk about what his friendship means to you and make a promise of not repeating the mistake.
Delivery: You should either post the letter or deliver it personally or through someone else. You can also keep it at a location where your friend will be able to find it easily.
Some people may try to point out the friend's mistake while writing the letter. Avoid this completely, as it can make matters worse. The letter has to be brief and should only talk about the subject that has led to your apology. Keep patient and do not expect immediate results. In some cases, it may take time for the person to forgive and forget.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了真正的友谊就像健康一样，人们只有在失去时才会知道它的重要价值。文章介绍了朋友之间存在不和谐时如何通过写道歉信来修复关系并维持好的友谊。
9．What is the author's purpose of mentioning the saying in the first paragraph？(　　)
A．To let readers study the famous saying.
B．To introduce the topic of the passage.
C．To show who is Charles Caleb Colton.
D．To tell readers the importance of health.
答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。文章首段讲真正的友谊就像健康一样重要，人们只有在失去时才知道它的价值，下文则介绍了如何修复关系并维持好的友谊，由此推断作者引用Charles Caleb Colton的话是为了引入文章的主题。
10．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “genuine”？(　　)
A．Sincere. B．General.
C．Open. D．Careful.
答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。根据下文中的“you really care about him”可知，此处表示这会让你的朋友意识到你的道歉是真诚的，故可推断该词与sincere为近义词，表示“真诚的”。
11．What is the best way to apologize to others？(　　)
A．Sending an email.
B．Sending text messages.
C．Chatting online.
D．Writing a letter.
答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him”可知，作者认为最好的道歉方式是写信。
12．What should you do when writing a letter of apology？(　　)
A．Try to point out the friend's mistake.
B．Make the letter long and interesting.
C．Begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake.
D．Write the importance of your friendship in the first paragraph.
答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据文中倒数第三段的“Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake”可知，写道歉信时，你应该为你的错误道歉。
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