Unit 5 Launching Your Career Review useful structures课件(共36张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

(共36张PPT)
Review of long sentences
新人教版选择性必修四 Unit 5
Review useful structures
Sentences types
句子类型
Simple Sentence 简单句
Compound Sentence 并列句
Complex Sentence (主从)复合句
Compound Complex 并列复合句
长句之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包括多个并列句或从句。理解长句的基础是厘清句子的结构层次。
简单句
简单句：只有一个主谓结构。（可以有并列主语或并列谓语）
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
(并列主语，只有一个谓语)
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the magazines.
(并列谓语，只有一个主语)
The class begins.
He is a student.
Henry bought a dictionary.
My father bought me a car.
Tom made the baby laugh.
The sun rise in the east.
I enjoy reading in the morning.
There is an apple on the table.
结构复杂的简单句
带有较多较长的修饰成分，例如：同位语，定语，状语等
（尤其留意定语和状语，如副词，介词短语，形容词短语，非谓语短语等；
还存在分隔现象
用插入语、破折号或分隔号插入新话题或补充信息，从而把结构紧凑的句子分割开来
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations-- UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
scholars
学者们多年来一直在记录正在消失的语言及其所反映的文化。
His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
他最近出版的书源于他在尼泊尔一个村庄生活、工作和抚养家庭的经历。
并列句
并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构
（句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。）
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
One of the clock’s hands is short; the other two are long.
分类
并列
转折
选择
因果
对比
祈使句＋and/or ＋简单句
逻辑关系 常用并列连词
并列
转折
选择
因果
对比
and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，both...and...，
not...but...等
but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(但是；然而)，while等
or，otherwise，or else，either...or...等
for，so
while
1.表并列关系，引导词有：and，not only...but also，neither...nor，both...and，not...but…
Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework.
Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough.
2. 表转折关系：but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(但是；然而)
John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday.
Jane said that she was ill, yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just now.
注意主谓一致
注意否定词置于句首，构成倒装
3. 表选择关系：or，otherwise ，or else，either...or
We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.
Either you come to my place or I go to yours.
4. 表因果关系：for，so
We had better stay at home, for it was raining.
He didn’t work hard, so he failed in the examination.
5. 表对比关系： while
I do every single bit of housework while my husband Tom just washes dishes now and then.
6. 祈使句＋and/or (否则) ＋简单句
祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句多用一般将来时态。
Read this story, and you will enjoy your life now more.
Take the flowers into a warm room, or they will die quickly.
Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in－class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成课堂短文或直接从指定阅读材料或前一节课的讲座/讨论笔记中提取的测试，因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。
(此句为由并列连词but及so连接的并列句)
① She’s not only a great dramatic actress ____________ she’s also very funny.
② He has plenty of money ____________ he can spend it freely.
③ Leave it with me ___________ I will see what I can do with it.
④ Don’t drive so fast ____________ you’ll have an accident.
⑤ The shops were closed ____________ I didn’t get any milk.
在空白处填入适当的并列连词
but
and
and
or
so
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成
（在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。此时关联词也叫从属连词，它在主句与从句之间起连接作用。）
主从复合句的分类：
根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
主从复合句
3种
从句
类型
状语从句
定语从句
名词性从句
时间，原因，地点，比较，方式等...
限制性、非限制性定语从句
主从，宾从，表从，同位从
引导词：when / since / the minute / where / because / so that / as long as / unless / though / whatever / as ... as ...
关系词：who / whom / which / that / whose / as
when / where / why
连接词：that / whether / if / what / when / which /
why / how / whichever ...
分析下列长句，并译成汉语
When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
[分析]　本句为主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；if引导________从句；people were making为省略了关系代词的______________从句，修饰先行词___________。
翻译：_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
宾语
定语
messes
当约翰长大后，他开始想要知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱。
Q1: What do you think of the advice on making a career plan
Q2: What other advice can you think of
what
how
what
what/which
which
that/which
how
what
that/which
who
which
what
which
2
4
5
3
6
I think it’s useful and practical.
We should also take the need of the society into account.
Exercise (P53 Activity 3)
并列复合句：指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。
并列复合句
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school，but one day I chanced to show up for an after－school meeting of the Science Olympiad team.
(but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中what引导宾语从句)
If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain
licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that
the koalas selected for each session are in a good
state for human contact and that they are handled
for only a limited time and on a limited frequency
of occasions.
定语从句修饰zoos
and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句
条件状语从句
长难句的分析方法
1. 据谓语，找主语
2. 提主干，去枝叶
3. 寻关联，辨逻辑
4. 看搭配，防分隔
2. But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well,
because it shows that we are global citizens
interested in world stability, and that we feel
responsible for others and are ready to build a
community, with a shared future for mankind.
但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。
原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。
and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句
有些长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接连贯关系，尤其是句中有代词的时候，除了需要厘清句子的结构层次和语义逻辑之外，有时还需要结合句子的上下文，分析明确长句中代词的具体所指。
3. Koalas spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and
hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans
can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the
government began to make laws against touching koalas,
in the interest of animal protection, as well as public
safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn't
approach it to pick it up or even touch it.
考拉的大量时间都用于吃、睡和抱着树干，与人类的互动会给它们带来很大的压力。因此，政府已开始制定法律来限制人触摸考拉，这既是为了保护动物也是为了公众安全。所以，如果你在野外看到考拉，不要为了抱它而接近它，甚至不要去触摸它。
so连接的并列句
1
2
3
them指代koalas
this回指第一句话所描述的情况
条件状语从句
one和it代指koala
Summary
Exercise (P53 Activity 2)
Change these short sentences into long sentences. Pay attention to the connectors you need to use.
1. Career guidance ought to be included at high school.
The school should also offer a work experience programme.
Career guidance ought to be included at high school, and the school should also offer a work experience programme.
also表示两个短句为并列关系，可以用and连接两个短句
compound sentence
职业指导应该包括在高中，学校还应该提供一个工作经验项目。
2. Dreaming of becoming somebody great is easy.
Working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
Dreaming of becoming somebody great is easy, but working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
表对比
compound sentence
梦想成为大人物很容易，但努力实现梦想却很难。
3. You never know where you’ll be working in the future.
Learn as much as possible.
Study a foreign language.
It is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
You never know where you’ll be working in the future, so learn as much as possible and study a foreign language, because it is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
表因果
表承接
because引导的原因状语从句
compound-complex sentence
为了……的缘故
你永远不知道你将来会在哪里工作，所以尽可能多地学习并学习一门外语，因为为了你的未来做这些事情是明智的。
4. Social occupations require communicating with people.
This often involves helping or providing service to other people.
Social occupations require communicating with people, which often involve helping or providing service.
which引导的定语从句
complex sentence
社会职业需要与人沟通，这通常涉及帮助他人或为他人提供服务。
Social occupations, which often involve helping or providing service, require communicating with people.
5. AI is developing rapidly.
Lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may
find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
Many people believe this to be true.
AI is developing rapidly, so lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future, which many people believe to be true.
so引导的并列从句
which引导的定语从句
compound-complex sentence
5. AI is developing rapidly.
Lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may
find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
Many people believe this to be true.
Many people believe that since AI is developing rapidly, lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
that引导的宾语从句
since引导的原因状语从句
complex sentence
2.The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是___________________________
____________________________________________，and连接并列的不定式作____________；including...为介词短语，其中what和why引导____________从句；第二个不定式后，how to adopt this philosophy作teach的____________，if引导____________从句，it’s right for you为____________从句。
翻译：____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
The goal of this book
is to make...，and then to teach...
表语
宾语
宾语
条件状语
宾语
这本书的目标就是为数字极简主义提供支持理由，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么它有效，以及教会你如何运用这种极简生活的哲学观，如果你觉得它适合你。
Exercise (创新P95-96)
3.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
[分析]　本句为主从复合句。动名词短语作______________；which引导________________从句；that引导____________从句，修饰先行词activities。
翻译：_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
主语
非限制性定语
定语
命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。
4.Goffin’s cockatoos(戈芬凤头鹦鹉)，a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape－recognition abilities to a human two－year－old.(2022·全国甲卷)
[分析]　此句为____________句，“a kind of small parrot native to Australasia”为“Goffin’s cockatoos”的____________。
句意：____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
简单
同位语
戈芬凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小型鹦鹉，经证明其形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。
5.It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.
(语言学习，2022·全国乙卷)
[分析]　此句为“It＋谓语＋真正的主语”结构。It为______________主语，that引导的从句作真正的______________；that从句中的主语“the percentage of students”后的关系代词who引导____________从句，修饰students。
句意：_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
形式
主语
定语
不难看出，选择听英语歌曲和看英语电影的学生比例分别为65%和50%。
6.For this work，titled “Truckload of Plastic”，Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
(2021·全国乙卷)
[分析]　此句为主从复合句。which 引导____________________，修饰more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，该定语从句中的like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once是____________从句。
翻译：____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
非限制性定语从句
表语
为了这幅名为“Truckload of Plastic”的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料，然后这些塑料被捆到一起，就像是一起从卡车上一次性倒下来的一样。
7.I used classical techniques，translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop，to achieve the black－and－white image (图像).
(2021·全国甲卷)
[分析]　此句为简单句。本句中translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop是分词短语作____________，修饰techniques；其中spent in the darkroom into Photoshop 也是过去分词短语作____________，修饰my college days；to achieve the black－and－white image为动词不定式短语作____________。
翻译：____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
后置定语
后置定语
目的状语
为了实现黑白图像，我采用了传统技术，只不过是把大学时期要在暗室里完成的东西用Photoshop完成了。
8.The staff is friendly and helpful，providing you with a map of the city when you arrive，and offering advice if you require some.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
[分析]　此句为主从复合句。句中providing和offering为并列的__________状语。其中when 引导____________从句，if 引导______________从句。
翻译：____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
伴随
时间状语
条件状语
这里的员工友好而又乐于助人，他们在你到达的时候给你提供城市地图；如果你有需要，他们会给你提供建议。