高一英语必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 知识清单（含写作指导）
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高一英语必修第一册
Unit 4 Natural Disasters 知识清单
1.动词短语
rescue...from... 从…… 营救
trap in ruins 困在废墟中
deliver supplies 运送物资
dig out 挖出；发掘
bury the dead 埋葬死者
provide medical care 提供医疗救助
survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存
cause damage 造成破坏
2.名词短语
natural disaster 自然灾害
rescue worker 救援人员
emergency supplies 应急物资
earthquake ruins 地震废墟
typhoon warning 台风预警
flood-hit area 洪涝灾区
3.形容词 + 介词搭配
nervous about 对…… 感到紧张
shocked at 对…… 感到震惊
trapped in 被困在……
prepared for 为…… 做好准备
grateful for 对…… 感激
1. 关系代词的用法
that：指人或物，作主语或宾语（可省略）。
例：The building that collapsed in the earthquake was built in 1980.（作主语）
which：指物，作主语或宾语。
例：The rescuer who saved the child was praised by the public.（作主语）
副词短语（Adverb Phrase）：修饰动词、形容词或副词。
例：They work at a soup kitchen every Wednesday.（状语）
whose：指人或物，作定语。
例：The family whose house was destroyed received help from the government.（作定语）
2.介词 + 关系代词
介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）。
例：The expert with whom we discussed the disaster is a seismologist.（with+whom）
3.注意事项
限制性定语从句不可用逗号分隔，去掉后会影响句子核心意思。
先行词为不定代词（如 all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。
例：This is the worst disaster that I have ever experienced.
1. 灾难新闻报道（News Report）
写作结构：
标题：简洁概括事件（如 “Tsunami Hits Coastal Areas, Causing Heavy Losses”）。
导语：时间、地点、事件核心（5W 原则：When, Where, What, Who, Why）。
主体：细节（伤亡人数、破坏程度、救援措施）。
结尾：未来展望或呼吁（如救援进展、国际援助）。
常用句型
A powerful earthquake struck...on...（事件发生）
It is reported that...people were killed and...injured.（伤亡情况）
Rescue workers are working to...（救援行动）
The government has sent...to...（政府措施）
参考范文
TYPHON HAIYAN HITS PHILIPPINES
A severe typhoon named Haiyan struck the Philippines on November 8, 2013, causing widespread destruction and hundreds of deaths. The typhoon, with winds exceeding 200 km/h, destroyed thousands of homes and left millions homeless.
According to local officials, over 6,000 people were killed, and many more were missing. Rescue teams from around the world rushed to the area, providing food, water, and medical supplies. The UN appealed for international aid to support the recovery efforts.
“We have lost everything, but we will rebuild,” said a survivor. The government has launched a reconstruction plan, aiming to restore infrastructure within two years.
文本总结（Summary）
写作要点：
提炼原文核心事件、原因、影响及结果。
省略细节和例子，保留关键数据和结论。
用自己的话转述，保持客观中立。
步骤指导：
通读全文，标记时间、地点、人物和事件。
划分段落主题，归纳每部分重点。
合并重复信息，删除次要细节。
用简洁语言连接要点，确保逻辑连贯。
参考范文（以唐山地震为例）：
In 1976, a powerful earthquake struck Tangshan, China, destroying the city and killing over 400,000 people. Before the quake, strange signs occurred, such as well water rising and animals acting nervously. The disaster left the city in ruins, but the army and volunteers quickly responded, rescuing trapped people and providing shelter. With government support, Tangshan was rebuilt, becoming a symbol of resilience.
(一)词组填空,用所给短语的正确形式填空：
(trap in, deliver supplies, rescue from, cause damage, prepare for)
The team worked day and night to __________ food to the flood-hit villages.
Many people were __________ the burning building by firefighters.
The hurricane __________ to thousands of houses along the coast.
We must __________ the next storm by stocking up on water and food.
Some villagers are still __________ the mountains due to the landslide.
（二）完成定语从句
6.The man __________ saved the child is a local hero. (who/that)
7. The earthquake __________ hit the city last year was magnitude 7.0. (which/that)
8. The volunteers __________ we met helped rebuild the school. (whom/that)
9. A tsunami is a wave __________ is caused by underwater earthquakes. (which/that)
10. The family __________ house was destroyed received financial help. (whose)
（三）翻译句子
11. 救援人员从废墟中救出了三名被困的儿童。（rescue...from..., trap）
12. 政府正在向灾区运送紧急物资。（deliver supplies, disaster-hit area）
13. 那场导致数百人死亡的地震发生在 2008 年。（which/that, cause）
（四）书面表达
写一篇关于 “汶川地震” 的新闻报道，内容包括：
时间、地点、震级
伤亡人数及破坏情况
救援行动及后续重建
参考答案
（一）词组填空
1. deliver supplies 2. rescued from 3. caused damage 4. prepare for 5. trapped in
（二）定语从句
6. who/that 7. which/that 8. whom/that 9. which/that 10. whose
（三）翻译句子
11. Rescue workers rescued three trapped children from the ruins.
12. The government is delivering emergency supplies to the disaster-hit area.
13. The earthquake which/that caused hundreds of deaths happened in 2008.
（四）书面表达（参考）
WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE: A NATION UNITED
On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck Wenchuan, Sichuan, causing over 87,000 deaths and leaving millions homeless. The quake destroyed buildings, roads, and schools, with aftershocks continuing for weeks.
Immediately, rescue teams from across China rushed to the area, saving thousands trapped under ruins. The government provided shelter, food, and medical care, while international aid poured in. Within years, new cities and schools were built, showing the strength of reconstruction.
“Wenchuan stands again,” said a survivor. The disaster united the nation, proving human resilience in the face of nature’s wrath.
高一英语必修第一册
Unit 4 Natural Disasters 知识清单
1.动词短语
rescue...from... 从…… 营救
trap in ruins 困在废墟中
deliver supplies 运送物资
dig out 挖出；发掘
bury the dead 埋葬死者
provide medical care 提供医疗救助
survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存
cause damage 造成破坏
2.名词短语
natural disaster 自然灾害
rescue worker 救援人员
emergency supplies 应急物资
earthquake ruins 地震废墟
typhoon warning 台风预警
flood-hit area 洪涝灾区
3.形容词 + 介词搭配
nervous about 对…… 感到紧张
shocked at 对…… 感到震惊
trapped in 被困在……
prepared for 为…… 做好准备
grateful for 对…… 感激
1. 关系代词的用法
that：指人或物，作主语或宾语（可省略）。
例：The building that collapsed in the earthquake was built in 1980.（作主语）
which：指物，作主语或宾语。
例：The rescuer who saved the child was praised by the public.（作主语）
副词短语（Adverb Phrase）：修饰动词、形容词或副词。
例：They work at a soup kitchen every Wednesday.（状语）
whose：指人或物，作定语。
例：The family whose house was destroyed received help from the government.（作定语）
2.介词 + 关系代词
介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）。
例：The expert with whom we discussed the disaster is a seismologist.（with+whom）
3.注意事项
限制性定语从句不可用逗号分隔，去掉后会影响句子核心意思。
先行词为不定代词（如 all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。
例：This is the worst disaster that I have ever experienced.
1. 灾难新闻报道（News Report）
写作结构：
标题：简洁概括事件（如 “Tsunami Hits Coastal Areas, Causing Heavy Losses”）。
导语：时间、地点、事件核心（5W 原则：When, Where, What, Who, Why）。
主体：细节（伤亡人数、破坏程度、救援措施）。
结尾：未来展望或呼吁（如救援进展、国际援助）。
常用句型
A powerful earthquake struck...on...（事件发生）
It is reported that...people were killed and...injured.（伤亡情况）
Rescue workers are working to...（救援行动）
The government has sent...to...（政府措施）
参考范文
TYPHON HAIYAN HITS PHILIPPINES
A severe typhoon named Haiyan struck the Philippines on November 8, 2013, causing widespread destruction and hundreds of deaths. The typhoon, with winds exceeding 200 km/h, destroyed thousands of homes and left millions homeless.
According to local officials, over 6,000 people were killed, and many more were missing. Rescue teams from around the world rushed to the area, providing food, water, and medical supplies. The UN appealed for international aid to support the recovery efforts.
“We have lost everything, but we will rebuild,” said a survivor. The government has launched a reconstruction plan, aiming to restore infrastructure within two years.
文本总结（Summary）
写作要点：
提炼原文核心事件、原因、影响及结果。
省略细节和例子，保留关键数据和结论。
用自己的话转述，保持客观中立。
步骤指导：
通读全文，标记时间、地点、人物和事件。
划分段落主题，归纳每部分重点。
合并重复信息，删除次要细节。
用简洁语言连接要点，确保逻辑连贯。
参考范文（以唐山地震为例）：
In 1976, a powerful earthquake struck Tangshan, China, destroying the city and killing over 400,000 people. Before the quake, strange signs occurred, such as well water rising and animals acting nervously. The disaster left the city in ruins, but the army and volunteers quickly responded, rescuing trapped people and providing shelter. With government support, Tangshan was rebuilt, becoming a symbol of resilience.
(一)词组填空,用所给短语的正确形式填空：
(trap in, deliver supplies, rescue from, cause damage, prepare for)
The team worked day and night to __________ food to the flood-hit villages.
Many people were __________ the burning building by firefighters.
The hurricane __________ to thousands of houses along the coast.
We must __________ the next storm by stocking up on water and food.
Some villagers are still __________ the mountains due to the landslide.
（二）完成定语从句
6.The man __________ saved the child is a local hero. (who/that)
7. The earthquake __________ hit the city last year was magnitude 7.0. (which/that)
8. The volunteers __________ we met helped rebuild the school. (whom/that)
9. A tsunami is a wave __________ is caused by underwater earthquakes. (which/that)
10. The family __________ house was destroyed received financial help. (whose)
（三）翻译句子
11. 救援人员从废墟中救出了三名被困的儿童。（rescue...from..., trap）
12. 政府正在向灾区运送紧急物资。（deliver supplies, disaster-hit area）
13. 那场导致数百人死亡的地震发生在 2008 年。（which/that, cause）
（四）书面表达
写一篇关于 “汶川地震” 的新闻报道，内容包括：
时间、地点、震级
伤亡人数及破坏情况
救援行动及后续重建
参考答案
（一）词组填空
1. deliver supplies 2. rescued from 3. caused damage 4. prepare for 5. trapped in
（二）定语从句
6. who/that 7. which/that 8. whom/that 9. which/that 10. whose
（三）翻译句子
11. Rescue workers rescued three trapped children from the ruins.
12. The government is delivering emergency supplies to the disaster-hit area.
13. The earthquake which/that caused hundreds of deaths happened in 2008.
（四）书面表达（参考）
WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE: A NATION UNITED
On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck Wenchuan, Sichuan, causing over 87,000 deaths and leaving millions homeless. The quake destroyed buildings, roads, and schools, with aftershocks continuing for weeks.
Immediately, rescue teams from across China rushed to the area, saving thousands trapped under ruins. The government provided shelter, food, and medical care, while international aid poured in. Within years, new cities and schools were built, showing the strength of reconstruction.
“Wenchuan stands again,” said a survivor. The disaster united the nation, proving human resilience in the face of nature’s wrath.