Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 课件(共52张PPT)-2025-2026学年译林版（2020）必修第三册

(共52张PPT)
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth.
— Irving Langmuir
科学家的驱动力主要是好奇心和对真理的渴望。
欧文﹒朗缪尔，美国化学家、物理学家，因在表面化学上的贡献于1932年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
表面化学：研究各种表面现象实质的的一门学科。主要包括表面能、表面张力、吸附、催化和电动现象等方面的研究。如色层分析、萃取、离子交换、接触催化、泡沫浮选等的原理和方法等均属表面化学研究范围。
Stephen Hawking
Tu Youyou
Noble Prize winner
Isaac Newton
Qian Xuesen
The Father of China Aerospace（航空）
Hydrogen bomb
atomic bomb
Man-made satellite
Charles Darwin
He is the founder of evolution.
His theory states that animals and
humans shared a common ancestry
The Origin of Species
What other great scientists do you know of
What other great scientists do you know of
物种起源
他是进化论的创始人
他的理论认为动物和人类有共同的祖先
Marie
Curie
In 1898 she discovered radium.
She received two Nobel Prize, one
(with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903)
and one for chemistry (1911).
她获得过两次诺贝尔奖，一次
(与皮埃尔·居里合作) 物理学(1903年)
化学(1911)。
1898年，她发现了镭。
Albert Einstein
He was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.
He developed the special and general theories of relativity.
他提出了狭义相对论和广义相对论。
他被认为是20世纪最有影响力的科学家之一
Yuan Longping
The Father of Hybrid rice（杂交水稻）
Super rice
born in 1930.9.7,Beijing. died in 2021.5.22 Hunan
Ancestral home :Dean, Jiangxi.
1943~1947:
BoXue Middle school
1949~1953:
Southwest Agriculture College
1964：
Got married with Deng Zhe
Brief Introduction
院士是某些国家所设立的科学技术方面的最高学术称号，一般为终身荣誉。在中国，院士通常是指中国科学院院士或中国工程院院士。
Super Hybrid Rice
In 1960, he happened to find a natural hybrid rice and dedicated to various researches. 1960年，他偶然发现了一种天然杂交水稻，并致力于各种研究
In 1973, he succeeded in developing 3 departments method, increasing rice output greatly. 1973年，他成功地开发了三系法，大大提高了水稻产量
超级杂交水稻
In 2000, 700kg/mu
In 2004, 800kg/mu
In 2011, 900kg/mu
in 2014, 1026kg/mu
in 2017, 1149kg/mu
Record Output of Super Hybrid Rice
超级杂交水稻产量创纪录
kg：kilogram 公斤/千克
mu：亩
In June 2020, Yuan Longping's team planted the high cold and salt tolerant rice (also known as sea rice) in Chaidamu Basin, Qinghai Province
2020年6月，袁隆平团队在青海省柴达木盆地种植了耐冷耐盐水稻 (又称海稻)
While-listening
Watch the video and finish the following exercises.
P43
graduated from
succeeded in developing
made great contributions to
237 weeks
Yuan Longping Stephen Hawking
Nationality
Research field
Scientific achievements
Prizes
Chinese
Agriculture
Hybrid rice（杂交水稻）
The Wolf prize inAgriculture
The world Food Prize
The Medal of the People’s Republic of China
English
General relativity
Hawking Radiation(辐射)
A Brief of History of Time（时间简史）
Ranked number 25 in the BBC’s poll of the 100 Greatest Britons
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Chinese scientist
wins 2015 Nobel Prize
Behind every scientific discovery lies a lot of hard work
What can you get from the title
The passage is about a Chinese scientist who wins 2015 Nobel Prize
The passage is about Tu Youyou.
Activity1:Recall the background knowledge of Tu Youyou.
Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize
屠呦呦
discovered
artemisinin
malaria
die from
millions of lives
cure
saved
Activity2:Explore the structure and contents.
1. Where would you most likely find this passage
A. In a blog.
B. In an E-mail.
C. In a letter.
D. In a newspaper.
2. What is the structure of the passage
headline 标题
lead 导语
body 主体
tail 结尾
Read for the structure.
The headline
Part 1 The lead
Part 2 More detailed information about the event
Part 3 supporting information
Inverted Pyramid
倒金
字
塔
Read the Headline and Lead (Para 1)
Tu Youyou, the first female Chinese scientist
receive a Nobel Prize
the discovery of qinghaosu
Who
What
Why
When
11December 2015
D. Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu.
C. Tu and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
Skimming
Skim the news reports and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1:para.1
Part 2:para.2
Part 3:para.3-5
Part 4:para.6
Tu acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine
B.Tu and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu.
What does the news report mainly talk about
Skill : try to find out who, when, why, where, what and how.
It mainly talks about __________ ___________________ and her way to _________________which saves lots of patients all over the world.
Tu Youyou
find out qinghaosu
winning 2015 Nobel Prize
Part1(para1)
Detailed reading
Tu Youyou
received a Nobel Prize
for her contribution to the fight against malaria
Who
Detailed reading (part 1)
Read the lead and get the most important information.
What
When
Why
Where
How
in 2015
/
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria , one of the deadliest diseases in human history . Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival .
Para 1
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾做做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
Read para. 2 and get to know some background information.
She studied medicine at university.
Detailed reading (part 2)
Education
Work
Further training
She worked at the
Academy of Traditional
Chinese Medicine.
She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine.
Para 2
Born in 1930, in Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation , she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine . She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine , acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine .
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu Youyou referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again, redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the qinghao herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
A2
(Para.3)
knowlegable,well-educated
Careful reading
Para 3
Tu's education was soon to prove very useful . In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria , and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease . She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs .
屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组的组长。她收集了2000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。
When they failed to produce any promising results , Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again . Inspired by an over 1,600-year- old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water , Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part . On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures , she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice .
当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。在一本1600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿素提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了实验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
Problems Solutions
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghao extract because research resources were limited.
Tu Youyou and her team managed to find solutions to the problem, e.g. using household water containers instead of research equipment.
(Para.4)
intelligent,strong-minded
Careful reading
However , it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited . Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem . When there was no research equipment , they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions , but they never gave up .
Para 4
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
Problems Solutions
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Tu Youyou and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves.
(Para.5)
devoted to science,willing to sacrifice
Careful reading
Para 5
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced , however , they still faced another problem . The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data . To speed up the process and ensure its safety , Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
然而，及时制造出了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会被推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿在自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghaosu extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Tu Youyou referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again, redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the qinghao herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
Tu Youyou and her team managed to find solutions to the problem, e.g. using household water containers instead of research equipment.
Tu Youyou and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves.
A2
(Para.6)
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
(Para.6)
What significant role has traditional Chinese medicine played in Tu's success
Firstly Tu's educational backgraound --a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine enabled her to find a cure for malaria.
Secondly, abundant大量的 traditional Chinese medical recipes gave her plenty of choices.
Thirdly, traditonal Chinese medical classics inspired her .
Further thinking
Para 6
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error , they successfully discovered qinghaosu-- the most effective part of the qinghao extract . As a key part of many malaria medicnes , qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients .
屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟疾药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。
More than 40 years after its discovery , Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture , she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level . Perhaps the next generation of scientists , drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine , will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许，新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
B1
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
The passage below is about traditional Chinese plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou (1) __________ the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths.
referred to
Building your language
Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally (2) ________. A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of qinghaosu in 1972, which was (3) ________ as an effective treatment for malaria. The Chinese herb qinghao, from which qinghaosu comes, has been used to cure diseases for almost 2,000 years.
pay off
intended
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded
in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed (4) ___________. By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only (5) ________ success. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%.
limited
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
experiments
Without her (6) _______ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. It is important that scientists draw on the (7) ________ of both fields. With (8) _________ research, many more medical discoveries like qinghaosu are likely to be made.
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
wisdom
sufficient
broad
3.However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.L
然而，在经历了数次失败的实验后，直到20世纪70年代屠呦呦才成功发现青蒿素。
(1)本句中的it was not until the 1970s that...是强调句型。
(2)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分 (若被强调部分指的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分指物时，一律用that)。
(3)去调强调结构中的it is/was 和that/who后，剩下的部分能组成完整的句子，那么这个句子就是强调句。
(4)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(5)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...
Is it Mary that/who has won first prize in the English writing competition
在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖的是玛丽吗？
When is it that we will know the result of the mid-term exam
我们究竟什么时候能知道其中考试的成绩？
It was my teacher that/who encouraged me to lead the discussion.
是我的老师鼓励我主持讨论。
It is the coming mid-term exam that I have been preparing for recently
最近我一直在准备的是即将到来的期中考试。
可还原为:
I have been preparing for the coming mid-term exam recently.
(6)如果要强调谓语部分，不可用强调句型，只能用“助动词do/does/did+动词原形” 的结构。如：
My friends does help me a lot with my friends.
我的朋友在数学方面确实帮了我很多忙。
He did make a stupid mistake and he felt so guilty.
他确实犯了一个愚蠢的错误，他感到非常内疚。