译林版高中英语必修第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters Section A Welcome to the unit & Reading课件+学案

Unit 2　Natural disasters
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 郡，县
2．____________ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
3．____________ n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
4．____________ vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志
n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
5．____________ vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出
n. 出口，通道；离开
6．____________ n. 楼梯；梯级
7．____________ n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
8．____________ vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
9．____________ n. 台风
10．____________ n. 柱，杆；极
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→________ n．伤；损害；伤害→________ adj.受伤的
2．________ n.反应，回应，抗拒，化学反应→________ vi.反应，回应
3．________ adj.守秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→________ n.& v．命令；指挥；要求；订购；点(酒菜等)
4．________ vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→________ n．证实；证明
5．________ adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的→________ n．奇怪；奇妙
6．________ vi.发生，出现；存在于，浮现在脑中→________ n．发生的事；发生
7．________ n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→________ vt.减轻；缓解
8．________ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭性)的→________ vt.毁坏；摧毁；毁掉→________ n．毁坏；毁灭
9．________ vt.通知；了解，熟悉→________ n．消息
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 整个，全部
2．________________ 抓紧，不放开
3．________________ 以防，万一
4．________________ 点名
5．________________ 安然无恙的
6．________________ 安全事务的处理程序
7．________________ 一系列……
8．________________ 被想到，浮现在脑中
9．________________ (在困境中)保持冷静
10．________________ 使某人宽慰的是
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, ______________________________ the floor began to shake.
2．晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是他们全班逃生的最好时机。
____________________________________， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
3．12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。
On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and ____________________________________________．
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake
A．She quickly opened the classroom door.
B．She still taught in the classroom.
C．She waited calmly and quietly.
D．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
2．Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake
A．Because they often practise earthquake safety procedures.
B．Because Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
C．Because the classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D．Because the students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
3．Which of the following can best describe Sabrina
A．Enthusiastic and doubtful.
B．Kind and calm.
C．Sympathetic and generous.
D．Ambitious and tolerant.
4．How did Sabrina's parents react when they heard her warning at first
A．They immediately realized the coming danger.
B．They told the safety officer immediately.
C．They thought she was joking.
D．They cleared the beach rapidly.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
(Ⅰ)
In spite of 7 killed and over 200 injured in an earthquake, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School 1.________ (escape) the disaster. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries.
The head teacher 2.________ (name) Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' 3.________ (react) was quick and correct. Miss Brown 4.________ (quick) opened the classroom door 5.________ might be damaged 6.________ case it could not open. The moment 7.________ shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an 8.________ (order) line. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, 9.________ (laugh), crying and hugging each other.
The earthquake safety procedures 10.________ (practise) twice a year, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.
(Ⅱ)
Although a series of huge waves 1.________ (cause) by an undersea earthquake left thousands 2.________ (die), a 10-year-old girl named Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her basic knowledge of tsunamis.
While people 3.________ (enjoy) the warm sea air and the soft wind on the sandy beach, Sabrina noticed something odd. She said that the water looked like the bubbles on the top of a beer. She had just learnt about tsunamis in 4.________ Geography lesson, and it immediately occurred 5.________ her that these were signs of an 6.________ (approach) tsunami. Although frightened, she kept her head 7.________ warned her parents of the danger, insisting that they talk to a safety officer. Much to her 8.________ (relieve), the officer realized the coming danger 9.________ (immediate) and the beach 10.________ (clear) of people soon, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
教材助读·开放课堂
[词汇注释]
①spare [熟词生义]vt.使幸免，使逃脱
②county/'ka nti/n.郡，县
③despite prep.尽管，虽然(＝in spite of)
④injure/' nd (r)/vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
be/get badly/seriously injured受伤严重
injury n．伤害，损伤
⑤disaster/d 'zɑ st (r)/n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败
⑥at large整个，全部
⑦reaction/ri' k n/n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
⑧hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存(某物)
⑨in case以防万一；以免(引导条件或目的状语从句)
⑩crash/kr /n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃　vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
with a crash轰隆一声
crash into撞上……
still adj.静止不动的
remain still保持静止不动
signal/'s ɡn l/vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志　n．信号，暗号，标志；信号灯
exit/'eks t；'eɡz t/vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出　
n．出口，通道；离开
orderly/' d li/adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
in an orderly line排好队
stair/ste (r)/n.楼梯；梯级
go down the stairs下楼梯
rush to匆忙赶往
rush to school匆忙赶往学校
roll call点名
roll/r l/n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚　vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
confirm/k n'f m/vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
safe and sound安然无恙的
hug/h ɡ/vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
procedure/pr 'si d (r)/n.程序，步骤，手续
tsunami/tsu 'nɑ mi/n.海啸
a series of一系列的，一连贯的
race v．快速移动
race across急速冲过……
race home飞奔回家
loss n．丧失；损失；丢失
at a loss不知所措
with one's knowledge of用某人……方面的知识
knowledge of/about关于……的知识
brush v．掠过
odd/ d/adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
bubble/'b bl/n.泡沫，泡，气泡
go in and then out进进出出
occur to被想到，浮现在脑中
occur/ 'k (r)/vi.发生，出现；存在于
approach v．靠近，接近
keep one's head(在困境中)保持冷静
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
at first最初，起初
on one's way在路上，即将来临
keep doing...一直做……
relief/r 'li f/n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
to one's great relief使某人大为宽慰的是
clear...of从……移走/搬走/清理……
crash into 闯入；撞到……上
[教材原文]
Pupils' lives spared① during Falmont earthquake
By Raymond Tran
18 March
FALMONT—On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county② at 2：27 p. m. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite③ the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured④ in the disaster⑤ area at large⑥.
Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake[1]. Her students' reaction⑦ was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to⑧ the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case⑨ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes⑩ of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
[1]Sb. was doing...when...
某人正在做……这时……
Sb. was about to do...when...
某人即将做……这时……
Sb. was on the point of doing...when...
某人正要做……这时……
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape
[2]. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly
line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound ， they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other[3].
[2]the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
It's time for sb. to do sth.到了某人做某事的时间了。其中不定式短语作定语，sb.是不定式的逻辑主语。
[3]三个并列的现在分词(短语)作伴随状语。
“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
By Jessie Cable
21 December
NEWDALE—On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake
[汉语译文]
弗尔蒙特发生地震小学生成功逃生
雷蒙德·特兰
3月18日
弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区伤亡数据为7人死亡，200多人受伤，(弗尔蒙特小学)却仅有5名学生受轻伤。
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动，她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，钻到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
“我们每年进行两次地震安全规程演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击
杰西·凯布尔
12月21日
纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。
raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead [4]. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life [5]. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd . “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn't calm and it wasn't going in and then out . It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
[4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰huge waves
[5]名词前有the first, the second, the last, the only等修饰时，名词后常用to do...作后置定语。
Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head . She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief ， the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。
那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这群快乐游客中的一位，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的现象。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，”她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。
萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害　injured adj.受伤的；委屈的　injury n．(身体上的)伤；损伤；(情感上的)伤害
(1)injure his knee 弄伤他的膝盖
injure one's pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感
be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤
the injured 受伤的人；伤员
(2)suffer an injury 受伤
protect from injury 防止受伤
do oneself an injury 伤害自己
a head/leg/knee injury 头部/腿部/膝盖受伤
serious/severe injury 重伤
She injured her arm in the accident.
她在事故中胳膊受了伤。
His behavior seriously injured the company's reputation.
他的行为严重损害了公司的声誉。
In the railway accident 300 people were injured.
在那起火车事故中有300人受伤。
Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.
很多伤者仍然情况危殆。
If you exercise like that, you will do yourself an injury!
你如果那样锻炼的话，会把自己弄伤的！
提示
“the＋adj./过去分词”可表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
辨析比较　injure, wound, hurt与harm的用法区别
①injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，也可用于名誉、自尊等的损害，更多地用于对人的某个部位的损伤。
②wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特指在战场上受伤。
③hurt指一般的肉体伤害，也指精神上或感情上的伤害。此外hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。
④harm特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使其遭受痛苦、损害或某种不幸。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He was badly ________ (injure) when he was cycling along the valley.
②He suffered ________ (injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree.
2 reaction n．[C，U]反应；回应……
(1)a reaction to 对……的反应
mixed reactions 褒贬不一的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
a nuclear reaction 核反应
plants' reaction to weather 植物对天气的反应
in reaction to 对……的反应；针对……
(2)react vi. (作出)反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应；起化学反应
react to 对……作出反应/回应
react against 反对；反抗
react on/upon 对……起作用，对……有影响
react with 与……起化学反应
What was her reaction to the news
她对这个消息的反应如何？
I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.
我想知道如果我在火车上大声读报纸，他会作何反应。
How did they react to your suggestion
他们对你的建议有什么反应？
Many young people react against traditional values.
许多年轻人反对传统的价值观。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①In the past, there was often an automatic ________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads.
②Hearing how others react ________ the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
③This type of flower changes direction ________ reaction to the light.
④What was the audience's ____________________ (反应) the concert
⑤He ________________ (反抗) his father's influence by becoming a professional football player.
3 in case意为“以防万一；如果，假使”，可单独使用，也可引导从句
in case of 假使……，要是……
as is often the case 情况常常如此(常作非限制性定语从句)
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首时引起部分倒装)
in the latter case 在后一种情况下
in most cases 在多数情况下
I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car.
度假时我随身带了驾照，以防我想要租车。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
如果我回来前他就到了，请叫他等我。
I guess we've already talked about this but I'll ask you again just in case.
我想我们已经谈过这个问题了，不过以防万一，我要再问你一次。
In case of any difficulty, call me at once.
如有任何困难，立即给我打电话。
There's no coffee left In that case I'll have tea.
没咖啡了？既然如此，我就喝茶吧。
As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.
情况常常是这样，解决一个问题往往会导致或揭示其他问题。
比较
·in case通常引导条件或目的状语从句，后面是完整的句子。
You'd better take the keys in case I'm out.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
·in case of是介词短语，后面只跟名词性质的词，比如名词、代词等。
in case of (an) emergency万一发生紧急情况
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Leave for work a few minutes ahead of schedule. This will keep you calm in case ________ delays, and you can spend a few extra minutes ________ (get) ready for the day.
②________ is often the case, Tom is the first to arrive at the classroom and the last one to leave.
③The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ case they need medical assistance.
4 crash n．[C]撞车；坠机；突然发出的巨响　v．(车)碰撞；(飞机)坠毁；猛撞；(计算机、系统等)崩溃；(在体育比赛中)惨败；暴跌
(1)a loud crash 一声巨响
a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故
a plane/an air crash 飞机失事/空难
(2)in a/the crash 在撞车事故中
crash sth. into sth. 使……撞到……上
crash into sth. 撞上某物
crash through 击穿……
crash to defeat 遭受失败
His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago.
他的大儿子几年前死于一场车祸。
Two people recalled hearing a loud crash about 1：30 am.
两人回忆说大约凌晨1：30时听到一声巨响。
Her car crashed into the rear of a van.
她的汽车撞到了一辆小型货车的尾部。
Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.
要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。
The team crashed to their worst defeat this season.
那支队遭受了本赛季最严重的一次惨败。
He experienced a serious car crash today—his car crashed into another car and let out a loud crash.
今天他经历了一起严重的汽车撞车事故——他的车撞上了另一辆车并发出了很大的声响。
即学即练　判断下列句子中crash的词性及含义/完成句子
①I was looking for information on the Internet when the computer crashed.________________
②Davis admitted that his car crashed into his neighbor's garden and promised to take responsibility for that.________________
③The woman hurt in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.________________
④The first distant crash of thunder shook the people in the airplane.________________
⑤这个5岁的男孩是115名乘客中唯一从这次严重的飞机失事中幸存下来的。
The 5-year-old boy was the only one among the 115 passengers to survive ______________________________．
5 signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志
(1)signal (to) sb./sth. to do sth. 示意某人/某物做某事
signal that... 示意……；表明……
(2)n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
send/give out a signal 发送信号
a danger signal 危险信号
a warning signal 警告信号
an alarm signal 报警信号
a clear signal 清晰的信号
send out a signal 发出信号
receive/pick up a signal 接收信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.
警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。
She signalled that she was about to turn left.
她打信号灯表示她要左转了。
When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave.
她从桌边站起来，这显然是要我们离开。
Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problem.
胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。
比较
·signal指用于传达某些信息的约定俗成的信号。
·sign指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志，也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。
语境助记
...the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals (signal) that we really have changed our planet.……海洋颜色的变化将是我们确实改变了地球的早期预警信号之一。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal ________ someone was moving about upstairs.
②The resident seems to be signalling ________ us with his arm.
③The judge ________________ (向……示意) a police officer and the man was led away.
④The president's remark ________________________ (表明) the policy had a great impact on the economy.
⑤She ________________________________________ (示意孩子们进来).
6 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
confirm sb. as... 确认某人为……
confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事
confirm that... 证实……；批准……
It has been confirmed that... 已确定……/已经证实……
confirm a theory 证实一个理论
confirm one's fears/doubts 证实某人的担心/怀疑
His support confirmed my determination to carry out the plan.
他的支持坚定了我执行计划的决心。
The President confirmed him as Secretary of State.
总统任命他为国务卿。
The committee finally confirmed him in his honesty and justice.
委员会最终肯定了他的诚实和公正。
The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官方确认这些画是原作，价值高达5 000万美元。
It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
词语辨析　confirm与approve
(1)confirm强调按法律程序提出确认或批准。
(2)approve常指正式的或官方的批准。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①His facial expression confirmed me ________ my doubt.
②He was confirmed ________ a member of the Chinese Communist Party.
③The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly ________ (confirm) cases.
④His new role could ________________________ (确保他成为) one of our leading actors.
⑤__________________ (已经确定) a lot of doctors and nurses will be on their way to the infected area.
7 occur (occurred, occurred; occurring)发生，出现；存在于……
(1)sth. occurs to sb. (主意或想法)被想到
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事
It occurs to sb. that... 某人想到……
(2)occurrence n. 发生；出现
The same idea occurred to Elizabeth.
伊丽莎白也想到了这个主意。
It didn't occur to her to ask for help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
It occurred to me suddenly that I had met him somewhere.
我突然想起之前在什么地方见过他。
拓展
It comes/flashes into one's mind that...某人突然想到……
Sth. occurs to/hits/strikes sb.＝es/flashes into one's mind.某人突然想到……
特别提示
occur to的主语通常为某事物，有时为了保持句子平衡，常将该事物用形式主语it来代替，后置的that从句或不定式是真正的主语。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut ________ (occur).
②It never occurred to me ________ (ask) the reason.
③Waiting in line for more than an hour for their tea is a common ________ (occur).
④An idea of developing tourism in this region ______________________ (我想到).
⑤____________________ (他忽然想到) he had not switched the light off.
8 insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求；坚称；坚决认为
She kept insisting on her innocence.
她再三坚称自己无罪。
I might fail, but anyhow I will insist on doing it. I never lose heart.
我可能会失败，但无论怎样，我会坚持做下去的。我永远不会丧失信心。
I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things, we may become ill. But she insists on us eating healthy food.
我告诉妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西的话，我们可能会生病。但她坚持要我们吃健康的食物。
I insist that you (should) take immediate action to put this right.
我坚决要求你立刻采取行动处理好这件事情。
The doctor insisted that the sick man was still at risk then.
医生坚持说这位病人当时仍然处于危险中。
We insisted that the girl was qualified for the job, but the manager insisted that she (should) not be offered the job because of her shyness as a receptionist.
我们坚决认为这个女孩是能胜任这份工作的，但经理坚持主张不给她这份工作，因为她作为接待员来说太害羞了。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①No matter how busy he is, he always insists ________ accompanying his daughter when she has a show.
②He insisted that I ________ (take) back what I said, but I insisted that my words ________ (be) right.
③What he said suggested he ________ (be) angry with you, so I suggest you ________ (make) an apology to him.
④在警察山姆的帮助下，贾斯廷被找到了，所以贾斯廷的母亲坚持要给山姆一笔钱作为回报。
With the help of the policeman Sam, Justin was found, so Justin's mother ________________________________________________________________ an amount of money as a reward.
9 relief n．消除，减轻；救济品；宽慰；轻松
(1)in/with relief 放心；宽心地
to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是；令某人放松的是
much to one's relief/to one's great relief 令某人非常欣慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
disaster relief 赈灾
pain relief 疼痛的缓解
the relief of suffering 痛苦的减轻
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是件让人欣慰/轻松的事
What a relief! 终于放心了！
(2)relieve vt. 解除，缓和(不快或痛苦)；减轻(问题的严重性)；缓解
relieve anxiety/stress 缓解焦虑/压力
relieve sb. of sth. 替某人拿重物；帮助某人减轻(负担)
When he knew he had passed the examination, he smiled in relief.
当他知道他通过了考试时，他如释重负地笑了。
Much to our relief/To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.
使我们非常欣慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。
Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.
终于能够讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。
Let me relieve you of some of your bags.
我来帮你拿几个袋子吧。
语境助记
It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road.
我如释重负，在路中间突然停了下来。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paperwork.
②All the passengers on board sighed with ________ (relieve) when the captain announced that he had solved the mechanical problems with the engine.
③“Thank you so much for coming to my aid，” said Polly ________ relief.
④To our great ________ (relieve), Dad returned home safe and sound.
⑤不过，当赛季临近尾声时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。
Still, most of us volunteers ________________ when the season comes to a close.
⑥能和别人谈谈这件事是件让人欣慰的事。
________________ be able to talk to someone about it.
10 inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知　information n．信息
(1)inform sb. that... 告知某人……
inform oneself of/about sth. 使自己了解/熟悉某事
inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的
keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人某事
They would inform him of/about any progress they had made.
他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。
He was informed that his application was rejected.
他被告知他的申请未被接受。
Please keep me fully informed of any developments.
事态如有进展，请随时通知我。
Reading is an excellent way to learn new things and stay informed.
阅读是一种学习新事物和使人见多识广的好方法。
We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.
我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。
联想
与inform sb. of sth.结构相同的短语：
cure sb. of sth.　　　　　治好某人的病
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人的某物
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事/某物
accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人犯有……罪
suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告/提醒某人某事
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thanks for informing us ________ the change in the schedule so that we can make necessary adjustments.
②Thank you for keeping me ________ (inform) of what happened in time.
③They often get some useful ________________ (inform) from the Internet.
④I ____________________ (得到通知) my son had been admitted into that college.
⑤They are concerned to ________________________ (随时让居民知道) what they are doing.
11 hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存(某物)
(1)hold on to my arm 抓住我的手臂
hold on to her fortune 守住她的财产
hold on to the old house 保住那栋老房子
(2)hold on 别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
hold up 支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out 伸出(手)；维持，坚持
hold back 隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止
(3)hold back information 隐瞒信息
hold back one's anger 压住怒火
hold back one's tears 忍住泪水
We thought of selling this old furniture but we've decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable.
我们原想卖掉这件老家具，但是我们决定继续保存它。它或许很值钱。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'd like to hold on ________ that house for the time being, because house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
②They held ________ until the last moment when the government came up with proper strategies to support the companies like theirs.
③当其它事情都变糟时，音乐是我唯一不会放弃的。
Music was the one thing I could ____________ when things got crazy.
12 exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出　n．出口，通道；离开
(1)exit (vt.) my classroom＝exit (vi.) from my classroom 从我的教室离开
exit from 从……离开
exit through 穿过……出去
emergency/fire exit 紧急出口/消防通道
make a quick exit 迅速离开
make one's exit 退场
an exit visa 出境签证
(2)entrance n. 大门(口)；入口(处)
the entrance to... ……的入口处
He made his exit after the main actor appeared.
主角登场后，他退场了。
In case of fire, exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.
万一发生火灾，立即从最近的紧急出口撤离；不要乘坐电梯。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The boys ________ (exit) through a side window, laughing happily.
②They placed a mirror at the entrance ________ the hall to remind those entering of their appearance.
③我在人群里挤来挤去，挤到了出口处。
I struggled ________ the mass of people to the ________．
④安德烈担心他父亲的安危，想快点跑路算了。
Andre fears for his father's safety and wants to ____________________．
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
[句式分析]　此句是“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时态”结构，表示“一件事情正在进行，这时另一件事情发生了”，when为并列连词。
并列连词when“这时”
was/were doing...when... 正在做……这时……
was/were about to do...when... 刚要做……这时……
was/were on the point of doing...when... 刚要做……这时……
had just/hardly/scarcely done...when... 刚做完……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正在和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始注入我家。
The driver was about to speed up when the car broke down.
司机刚要加速，汽车就出了故障。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要离开，这时有人敲门。
He had hardly dived into the sea when a shark appeared in the distance.
他刚潜入海里，远处就出现了一条鲨鱼。
I was about to go out to work when it began to rain heavily outside.
我正要出门去上班，这时外面下起了大雨。
即学即练　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I was about to take part in the basketball match ________ my left leg was injured.
②He ________________ (decorate) his house when someone knocked at the door.
③We had just left home ________ Mr. Wang called me.
④汤姆正打算放弃，这时他突然想到了一个好主意。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤停电时杰克正在实验室里工作。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2 (教材原句)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
[句式分析]　该句是一个主从复合句，the moment是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
the moment “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句
下列名词词组也可以引导时间状语从句：
(1)the second time/the last time/every time (each time)/next time/any time第二次/最后一次/每次/下次/任何时候
(2)the moment/minute/second/instant一……就(＝as soon as)
(3)the day/the week/the year那一天/那一周/那一年
Every time the poet comes up with beautiful sentences, he will set them down.
每当诗人想到优美的句子，他就把它们写下来。
Every day my mother sets about her housework the moment she returns from work.
每天我妈妈一下班回来就开始做家务。
I recognized him the instant I saw him.
我一见到他就认出他来了。
Please inform me of the consequence the day you get the medical report.
你拿到医疗报告的那天，请把结果告诉我。
归纳拓展　表示“一……就……”的其他表达：
Written for children, the book became popular with parents immediately it came out.
这本书是为孩子写的，一出版就深受父母欢迎。
We were all struck by the beautiful scenes of Shangri-La upon arrival.一到达香格里拉，我们都被那里的美景迷住了。
名师点津
如果no sooner, hardly/scarcely位于句首，其所在的主句要使用部分倒装。
No sooner had we reached the seaside than we sat in a circle and started our picnic.
我们一到海边就围成一圈开始野餐。
Hardly/Scarcely had we begun our walk when it began to rain.
我们刚刚开始散步就下起雨来了。
即学即练　完成句子
①Anne felt very nervous ________________ (第一次) she gave a speech in front of so many students.
②The audience clapped excitedly ____________________ (一出现) the performer appeared on the stage.
③________________________ (每次) I see him, he wears a pleasant smile.
④________________________ (最后一次) I saw him, he was handing out relief for the survivors in the disaster.
⑤He was an official in a small city ______________ (那一年) I met him.
⑥________________________ (我一到家), I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
⑦He was visiting the senior in the nursing home ____________________ (那一天) the typhoon hit this region.
3 (教材原句)On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead．
12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。
[句式分析]　本句中raced和left是并列谓语，thousands作left的宾语，dead作宾补。
leave＋宾语＋宾补
该句中leave为及物动词，意思是“使处于……；听任……”，宾语后接名词、介词短语、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等作宾补。
其常见结构归纳如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/介词短语
His parents were killed and the house was damaged in the hurricane, leaving him a homeless child.
他的父母在飓风中丧生，房子也被毁，他成了一个无家可归的孩子。
The building is still left under construction though several years have passed.
尽管几年过去了，那座大楼仍在建设中。
(2)leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词
The major surgery has left the senior very weak.
大手术使老年人非常虚弱。
(3)leave＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)
The woman hurried to the subway station to meet her former classmate, leaving the washing machine running.
这女人匆匆赶到地铁站去接她的老同学，洗衣机还开着。
(4)leave＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
All the builders pulled out of the site for safety's sake, leaving the roadworks uncompleted.
为了安全起见，所有的建筑工人都撤离了工地，道路工程仍未完工。
特别提示
除leave外，find, make, keep等动词也可接复合宾语结构。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It isn't a good idea to leave your children ________ (get) around outdoors on so hot a day.
②The bad weather left the project half ________ (finish).
③—You've left the light ________．—Oh, so I have. I'll go and turn it off.
④To the delight of the singer, her performance left the audience ________ (satisfy).
⑤He hurried home, ________________________ (把钥匙落在办公室了).
⑥—It was careless of you to ________________________ (你的汽车没锁) all night.
—My God. So I did.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Of the six people who ________ (受伤) in the traffic accident, only two survived.
2．Development of this area could be a ________ (灾难) for wildlife here.
3．This film has brought about varieties of ________ (反应) of people. People have different opinions about it.
4．Generally speaking, people can hardly survive a plane ________ (坠毁).
5．The smiling official ________ (示意) to the little boy to come up to him.
6．What disappointed us greatly was that we had no strategy to ________ (离开) from the conflict at that time.
7．Due to a traffic accident, his calm and ________ (有序的) life ended.
8．The checkers are checking the food products to ________ (确认) whether there is enough nutrient in them as marked in the instructions.
9．It is widely believed that giving people a warm ________ (拥抱) will absolutely give them great support and courage.
10．There is a small risk of brain damage from the ________ (程序) of the operation.
11．It ________ (发生) to him that he could bring life into this old art by introducing modern elements.
12．He ________ (坚持) that getting rid of poverty in the rural area is the first task and he will struggle for it all his life.
13．To his great ________ (宽慰) and delight, his application was finally accepted.
14．The terrible fire in Australia caused ________ (毁灭性的) harm to the wildlife there. And it is likely that some of them will disappear forever.
15．I regret to ________ (通知) you of his death as a consequence of his injuries.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The organization provides information on health issues to the public ____________．
2．He turned on the electronic map ____________ he got lost in the smog.
3．____________ your dream and it will absolutely come true sooner or later.
4．The building was on fire last night. Fortunately all the residents in it were ____________．
5．He used many ways to get rid of his anxiety and tension, and eventually he managed to ____________ in this emergency.
6．____________， the problem of gas shortage in our community has been solved.
7．We need to ____________ the result of global warming all the while.
8．A good idea ____________ me that I could take up jogging regularly to keep fit.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Luckily, the former singer star wasn't ________ (injure) in the car crash.
2．In economic terms, this decision is ________ (disaster).
3．In the face of protest, the public showed varieties of ________ (react).
4．The woman crashed ________ a coming car while trying to get rid of the fierce dog.
5．The police signalled ________ the drivers to pull up because of the chemicals on the road ahead.
6．In the opinion of everyone here, this region is beautiful, clean and ________ (order).
7．The young girl ran down the ________ (stair), and went out of the building, disappearing in the dark street very soon.
8．Then her worst fear was ________ (confirm) that she would be out of work in the gas station.
9．The famous movie star went into the shelter, ________ (hug) all the people there and donating much money.
10．Ecoscientists always warn the whole world ________ the risk of extinction of some species.
11．It suddenly occurred ________ him that this kind of water lily was a rare species.
12．The doctor insisted that he ________ (send) to Shanghai and that he would try his best to help the people infected by COVID-19.
13．Having found that he could make a living by selling his own handcrafts, he returned home ________ relief.
14．It is vital that we take action to stop the ________ (destructive) of this kind of hardwood.
15．I hope you will write to me from time to time and inform me ________ your process and progress of the work.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash, but three days later he showed up ________________ (安然无恙的).
2．If you ________________ (坚持吃这么多的甜食), you'll have to suffer the consequences.(insist)
3．________________ (使我们宽慰的是), the new method finally proved to be a success.(relief)
4．When Jim heard the fire alarm he ______________ (保持冷静) and looked for the nearest exit.(head)
5．The old castle requires to be restored ____________________ (被暴风雨袭击过后).(hit)
6．—How do you know so much about what's going on in the countryside
—I've got a friend there who ________________ (让我随时了解最新消息).(informed)
7．I was pulled onto the shore ____________________________ (我一浮上水面).(moment)
8．You should inform him of the change of the meeting time, ____________________ (以防他迟到).(case)
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（四）
Unit 2　Natural disasters
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．county　2.disaster　3.crash　4.signal　5.exit　6.stair　7.roll　8.hug　9.typhoon　10.pole
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．injure; injury; injured　2.reaction; react　3.orderly; order
4．confirm; confirmation　5.odd; oddness　6.occur; occurrence
7．relief; relieve　8.destructive; destroy; destruction
9．inform; information
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．at large　2.hold on to　3.in case　4.roll call　5.safe and sound　6.safety procedure　7.a series of...　8.occur to 9．keep one's head　10.to one's relief
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．was teaching when
2．The moment the shaking stopped
3．left thousands dead
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
1．reaction　2.reason　3.signs
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．A　2.A　3.B　4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
(Ⅰ)
1．escaped　2.named　3.reaction　4.quickly　5.that/which 6．in　7.the　8.orderly　9.laughing　10.are practised
(Ⅱ)
1．caused　2.dead　3.were enjoying　4.a　5.to　6.approaching　7.and　8.relief　9.immediately　10.was cleared
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①injured　②injuries
2．①reaction　②to　③in　④reaction to　⑤reacted against
3．①of; getting　②As　③in
4．①vi.(计算机)崩溃　②vi.(交通工具)碰撞，撞击　③n.撞车　④n.碰撞声，破裂声　⑤the terrible plane/air crash
5． ①that　②to　③signalled to　④signalled that　⑤signalled to the children to come inside
6．①in　②as　③confirmed　④confirm him as　⑤It has been confirmed that
7．①occurred　②to ask　③occurrence　④occurred to me　⑤It occurred to him that
8．①on/upon　②(should) take; were　③was; (should) make　④insisted that she (should) give Sam/insisted on/upon giving Sam
9．①of　②relief　③in/with　④relief　⑤breathe a sigh of relief　⑥It was a relief to
10．①of/about　②informed　③information　④was informed ⑤keep the residents informed of
11．①to　②on　③hold on to
12．①exited　②to　③through; exit　④make a quick exit
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①when　②was decorating　③when ④Tom was about to give up when he suddenly came up with a good idea. ⑤Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred. ⑥I had just/hardly/scarcely got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
2．①the first time　②the moment/the minute/the instant/as soon as　③Every/Each time　④The last time　⑤the year ⑥The moment/The minute/The instant/As soon as I got home　⑦the day
3．①getting　②finished　③on　④satisfied　⑤leaving his keys in the office　⑥leave your car unlocked
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．were injured　2.disaster　3.reactions　4.crash 5．signalled/signaled　6.exit　7.orderly　8.confirm 9．hug　10.procedure　11.occurred　12.insists　13.relief　14.destructive　15.inform
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．at large　2.in case　3.Hold on to　4.safe and sound 5．keep his head　6.To our great relief　7.inform ourselves of 8．occurred to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．injured　2.disastrous　3.reactions　4.into　5.to　6.orderly 7．stairs　8.confirmed　9.hugging　10.of　11.to 12．(should) be sent　13.in　14.destruction　15.of/about
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．safe and sound　2.insist on/upon eating so much sweet food 3．To our relief　4.kept his head　5.after being hit by the storm　6.keeps me informed　7.the moment I reached the surface　8.in case he comes late
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共152张PPT)
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 郡，县
2．____________ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
3．____________ n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
4．____________ vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志
n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
5．____________ vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出
n. 出口，通道；离开
county
disaster　
crash　
signal　
exit　
6．____________ n. 楼梯；梯级
7．____________ n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
8．____________ vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
9．____________ n. 台风
10．____________ n. 柱，杆；极
stair　
roll　
hug
typhoon　
pole
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→________ n．伤；损害；伤害→________ adj.受伤的
2．________ n.反应，回应，抗拒，化学反应→________ vi.反应，回应
3．________ adj.守秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→________ n.& v．命令；指挥；要求；订购；点(酒菜等)
4．________ vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→__________ n．证实；证明
injure
injury
injured
reaction
react
orderly
order
confirm
confirmation
5．________ adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的→________ n．奇怪；奇妙
6．________ vi.发生，出现；存在于，浮现在脑中→________ n．发生的事；发生
7．________ n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→________ vt.减轻；缓解
8．________ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭性)的→________ vt.毁坏；摧毁；毁掉→________ n．毁坏；毁灭
9．________ vt.通知；了解，熟悉→___________ n．消息
odd
oddness
occur
occurrence
relief
relieve
destructive
destroy
destruction
inform
information
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 整个，全部
2．________________ 抓紧，不放开
3．________________ 以防，万一
4．________________ 点名
5．________________ 安然无恙的
6．________________ 安全事务的处理程序
7．________________ 一系列……
8．________________ 被想到，浮现在脑中
9．________________ (在困境中)保持冷静
10．________________ 使某人宽慰的是
at large
hold on to
in case
roll call
safe and sound
safety procedure
a series of...
occur to
keep one's head
to one's relief
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, ______________ the floor began to shake.
2．晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是他们全班逃生的最好时机。
____________________________________， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
was teaching when
The moment the shaking stopped
3．12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。
On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and ______________．
left thousands dead
Ⅰ.语篇结构
答案：1．reaction　2.reason　3.signs
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake
A．She quickly opened the classroom door.
B．She still taught in the classroom.
C．She waited calmly and quietly.
D．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
答案：A
2．Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake
A．Because they often practise earthquake safety procedures.
B．Because Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
C．Because the classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D．Because the students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
答案：A
3．Which of the following can best describe Sabrina
A．Enthusiastic and doubtful.
B．Kind and calm.
C．Sympathetic and generous.
D．Ambitious and tolerant.
答案：B
4．How did Sabrina's parents react when they heard her warning at first
A．They immediately realized the coming danger.
B．They told the safety officer immediately.
C．They thought she was joking.
D．They cleared the beach rapidly.
答案：C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
(Ⅰ)
In spite of 7 killed and over 200 injured in an earthquake, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School 1.________ (escape) the disaster. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries.
The head teacher 2.________ (name) Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' 3.________ (react) was quick and correct. Miss Brown 4.________ (quick) opened the classroom door 5.________ might be damaged 6.________ case it could not open.
escaped
named
reaction
quickly
that/which
in
The moment 7.________ shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an 8.________ (order) line. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, 9.________ (laugh), crying and hugging each other.
The earthquake safety procedures 10.____________ (practise) twice a year, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.
the
orderly
laughing
are practised
(Ⅱ)
Although a series of huge waves 1.________ (cause) by an undersea earthquake left thousands 2.________ (die), a 10-year-old girl named Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her basic knowledge of tsunamis.
While people 3.___________ (enjoy) the warm sea air and the soft wind on the sandy beach, Sabrina noticed something odd. She said that the water looked like the bubbles on the top of a beer.
caused
dead
were enjoying
She had just learnt about tsunamis in 4.________ Geography lesson, and it immediately occurred 5.________ her that these were signs of an 6.__________ (approach) tsunami. Although frightened, she kept her head 7.________ warned her parents of the danger, insisting that they talk to a safety officer. Much to her 8.________ (relieve), the officer realized the coming danger 9.__________ (immediate) and the beach 10.________ (clear) of people soon, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
a
to
approaching
and
relief
immediately
was cleared
[词汇注释]
①spare [熟词生义]vt.使幸免，使逃脱
②county/'ka nti/n.郡，县
③despite prep.尽管，虽然(＝in spite of)
④injure/' nd (r)/vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
be/get badly/seriously injured受伤严重
injury n．伤害，损伤
⑤disaster/d 'zɑ st (r)/n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败
⑥at large整个，全部
⑦reaction/ri' k n/n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
⑧hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存(某物)
⑨in case以防万一；以免(引导条件或目的状语从句)
⑩crash/kr /n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃　vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
with a crash轰隆一声
crash into撞上……
still adj.静止不动的
remain still保持静止不动
signal/'s ɡn l/vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志　n．信号，暗号，标志；信号灯
exit/'eks t；'eɡz t/vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出　
n．出口，通道；离开
orderly/' d li/adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
in an orderly line排好队
stair/ste (r)/n.楼梯；梯级
go down the stairs下楼梯
rush to匆忙赶往
rush to school匆忙赶往学校
roll call点名
roll/r l/n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚　vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
confirm/k n'f m/vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
safe and sound安然无恙的
hug/h ɡ/vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
procedure/pr 'si d (r)/n.程序，步骤，手续
tsunami/tsu 'nɑ mi/n.海啸
a series of一系列的，一连贯的
race v．快速移动
race across急速冲过……
race home飞奔回家
loss n．丧失；损失；丢失
at a loss不知所措
with one's knowledge of用某人……方面的知识
knowledge of/about关于……的知识
brush v．掠过
odd/ d/adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
bubble/'b bl/n.泡沫，泡，气泡
go in and then out进进出出
occur to被想到，浮现在脑中
occur/ 'k (r)/vi.发生，出现；存在于
approach v．靠近，接近
keep one's head(在困境中)保持冷静
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
at first最初，起初
on one's way在路上，即将来临
keep doing...一直做……
relief/r 'li f/n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
to one's great relief使某人大为宽慰的是
clear...of从……移走/搬走/清理……
crash into 闯入；撞到……上
[教材原文]
Pupils' lives spared① during Falmont earthquake
By Raymond Tran
18 March
FALMONT—On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county② at 2：27 p. m. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite③ the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured④ in the disaster⑤ area at large⑥.
Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake[1]. Her students' reaction⑦ was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to⑧ the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case⑨ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes⑩ of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
[1]Sb. was doing...when...
某人正在做……这时……
Sb. was about to do...when...
某人即将做……这时……
Sb. was on the point of doing...when...
某人正要做……这时……
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape
[2]. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly
line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound ， they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other[3].
[2]the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
It's time for sb. to do sth.到了某人做某事的时间了。其中不定式短语作定语，sb.是不定式的逻辑主语。
[3]三个并列的现在分词(短语)作伴随状语。
“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
By Jessie Cable
21 December
NEWDALE—On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake
[汉语译文]
弗尔蒙特发生地震小学生成功逃生
雷蒙德·特兰
3月18日
弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区伤亡数据为7人死亡，200多人受伤，(弗尔蒙特小学)却仅有5名学生受轻伤。
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动，她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，钻到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
“我们每年进行两次地震安全规程演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击
杰西·凯布尔
12月21日
纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。
raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead [4]. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life [5]. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd . “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn't calm and it wasn't going in and then out . It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
[4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰huge waves
[5]名词前有the first, the second, the last, the only等修饰时，名词后常用to do...作后置定语。
Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head . She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief ， the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。
那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这群快乐游客中的一位，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的现象。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，”她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。
萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害　injured adj.受伤的；委屈的　injury n．(身体上的)伤；损伤；(情感上的)伤害
(1)injure his knee 弄伤他的膝盖
injure one's pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感
be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤
the injured 受伤的人；伤员
(2)suffer an injury 受伤
protect from injury 防止受伤
do oneself an injury 伤害自己
a head/leg/knee injury 头部/腿部/膝盖受伤
serious/severe injury 重伤
She injured her arm in the accident.
她在事故中胳膊受了伤。
His behavior seriously injured the company's reputation.
他的行为严重损害了公司的声誉。
In the railway accident 300 people were injured.
在那起火车事故中有300人受伤。
Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.
很多伤者仍然情况危殆。
If you exercise like that, you will do yourself an injury!
你如果那样锻炼的话，会把自己弄伤的！
提示
“the＋adj./过去分词”可表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
辨析比较　injure, wound, hurt与harm的用法区别
①injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，也可用于名誉、自尊等的损害，更多地用于对人的某个部位的损伤。
②wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特指在战场上受伤。
③hurt指一般的肉体伤害，也指精神上或感情上的伤害。此外hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。
④harm特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使其遭受痛苦、损害或某种不幸。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He was badly ________ (injure) when he was cycling along the valley.
②He suffered ________ (injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree.
injured
injuries
2 reaction n．[C，U]反应；回应……
(1)a reaction to 对……的反应
mixed reactions 褒贬不一的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
a nuclear reaction 核反应
plants' reaction to weather 植物对天气的反应
in reaction to 对……的反应；针对……
(2)react vi. (作出)反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应；起化学反应
react to 对……作出反应/回应
react against 反对；反抗
react on/upon 对……起作用，对……有影响
react with 与……起化学反应
What was her reaction to the news
她对这个消息的反应如何？
I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.
我想知道如果我在火车上大声读报纸，他会作何反应。
How did they react to your suggestion
他们对你的建议有什么反应？
Many young people react against traditional values.
许多年轻人反对传统的价值观。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①In the past, there was often an automatic ________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads.
②Hearing how others react ________ the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
③This type of flower changes direction ________ reaction to the light.
④What was the audience's ____________________ (反应) the concert
reaction
to
in
reaction to
⑤He ________________ (反抗) his father's influence by becoming a professional football player.
reacted against
3 in case意为“以防万一；如果，假使”，可单独使用，也可引导从句
in case of 假使……，要是……
as is often the case 情况常常如此(常作非限制性定语从句)
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首时引起部分倒装)
in the latter case 在后一种情况下
in most cases 在多数情况下
I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car.
度假时我随身带了驾照，以防我想要租车。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
如果我回来前他就到了，请叫他等我。
I guess we've already talked about this but I'll ask you again just in case.
我想我们已经谈过这个问题了，不过以防万一，我要再问你一次。
In case of any difficulty, call me at once.
如有任何困难，立即给我打电话。
There's no coffee left In that case I'll have tea.
没咖啡了？既然如此，我就喝茶吧。
As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.
情况常常是这样，解决一个问题往往会导致或揭示其他问题。
比较
·in case通常引导条件或目的状语从句，后面是完整的句子。
You'd better take the keys in case I'm out.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
·in case of是介词短语，后面只跟名词性质的词，比如名词、代词等。
in case of (an) emergency万一发生紧急情况
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Leave for work a few minutes ahead of schedule. This will keep you calm in case ________ delays, and you can spend a few extra minutes ________ (get) ready for the day.
②________ is often the case, Tom is the first to arrive at the classroom and the last one to leave.
③The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ case they need medical assistance.
of
getting
As
in
4 crash n．[C]撞车；坠机；突然发出的巨响　v．(车)碰撞；(飞机)坠毁；猛撞；(计算机、系统等)崩溃；(在体育比赛中)惨败；暴跌
(1)a loud crash 一声巨响
a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故
a plane/an air crash 飞机失事/空难
(2)in a/the crash 在撞车事故中
crash sth. into sth. 使……撞到……上
crash into sth. 撞上某物
crash through 击穿……
crash to defeat 遭受失败
His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago.
他的大儿子几年前死于一场车祸。
Two people recalled hearing a loud crash about 1：30 am.
两人回忆说大约凌晨1：30时听到一声巨响。
Her car crashed into the rear of a van.
她的汽车撞到了一辆小型货车的尾部。
Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.
要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。
The team crashed to their worst defeat this season.
那支队遭受了本赛季最严重的一次惨败。
He experienced a serious car crash today—his car crashed into another car and let out a loud crash.
今天他经历了一起严重的汽车撞车事故——他的车撞上了另一辆车并发出了很大的声响。
即学即练　判断下列句子中crash的词性及含义/完成句子
①I was looking for information on the Internet when the computer crashed.________________
②Davis admitted that his car crashed into his neighbor's garden and promised to take responsibility for that.____________________
③The woman hurt in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.________________
④The first distant crash of thunder shook the people in the airplane.________________
vi.(计算机)崩溃
vi.(交通工具)碰撞，撞击
n.撞车
n.碰撞声，破裂声
⑤这个5岁的男孩是115名乘客中唯一从这次严重的飞机失事中幸存下来的。
The 5-year-old boy was the only one among the 115 passengers to survive ______________________________．
the terrible plane/air crash
5 signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志
(1)signal (to) sb./sth. to do sth. 示意某人/某物做某事
signal that... 示意……；表明……
(2)n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
send/give out a signal 发送信号
a danger signal 危险信号
a warning signal 警告信号
an alarm signal 报警信号
a clear signal 清晰的信号
send out a signal 发出信号
receive/pick up a signal 接收信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.
警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。
She signalled that she was about to turn left.
她打信号灯表示她要左转了。
When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave.
她从桌边站起来，这显然是要我们离开。
Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problem.
胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。
比较
·signal指用于传达某些信息的约定俗成的信号。
·sign指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志，也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。
语境助记
...the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals (signal) that we really have changed our planet.……海洋颜色的变化将是我们确实改变了地球的早期预警信号之一。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal ________ someone was moving about upstairs.
②The resident seems to be signalling ________ us with his arm.
③The judge ________________ (向……示意) a police officer and the man was led away.
④The president's remark ________________________ (表明) the policy had a great impact on the economy.
⑤She _____________________________________ (示意孩子们进来).
that
to
signalled to
signalled that
signalled to the children to come inside
6 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
confirm sb. as... 确认某人为……
confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事
confirm that... 证实……；批准……
It has been confirmed that... 已确定……/已经证实……
confirm a theory 证实一个理论
confirm one's fears/doubts 证实某人的担心/怀疑
His support confirmed my determination to carry out the plan.
他的支持坚定了我执行计划的决心。
The President confirmed him as Secretary of State.
总统任命他为国务卿。
The committee finally confirmed him in his honesty and justice.
委员会最终肯定了他的诚实和公正。
The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官方确认这些画是原作，价值高达5 000万美元。
It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
词语辨析　confirm与approve
(1)confirm强调按法律程序提出确认或批准。
(2)approve常指正式的或官方的批准。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①His facial expression confirmed me ________ my doubt.
②He was confirmed ________ a member of the Chinese Communist Party.
③The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly ________ (confirm) cases.
④His new role could ________________________ (确保他成为) one of our leading actors.
⑤____________________ (已经确定) a lot of doctors and nurses will be on their way to the infected area.
in
as
confirmed
confirm him as
It has been confirmed that
7 occur (occurred, occurred; occurring)发生，出现；存在于……
(1)sth. occurs to sb. (主意或想法)被想到
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事
It occurs to sb. that... 某人想到……
(2)occurrence n. 发生；出现
The same idea occurred to Elizabeth.
伊丽莎白也想到了这个主意。
It didn't occur to her to ask for help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
It occurred to me suddenly that I had met him somewhere.
我突然想起之前在什么地方见过他。
拓展
It comes/flashes into one's mind that...某人突然想到……
Sth. occurs to/hits/strikes sb.＝es/flashes into one's mind.某人突然想到……
特别提示
occur to的主语通常为某事物，有时为了保持句子平衡，常将该事物用形式主语it来代替，后置的that从句或不定式是真正的主语。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut ________ (occur).
②It never occurred to me ________ (ask) the reason.
③Waiting in line for more than an hour for their tea is a common ________ (occur).
④An idea of developing tourism in this region _____________ (我想到).
⑤____________________ (他忽然想到) he had not switched the light off.
occurred
to ask
occurrence
occurred to me
It occurred to him that
8 insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求；坚称；坚决认为
She kept insisting on her innocence.
她再三坚称自己无罪。
I might fail, but anyhow I will insist on doing it. I never lose heart.
我可能会失败，但无论怎样，我会坚持做下去的。我永远不会丧失信心。
I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things, we may become ill. But she insists on us eating healthy food.
我告诉妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西的话，我们可能会生病。但她坚持要我们吃健康的食物。
I insist that you (should) take immediate action to put this right.
我坚决要求你立刻采取行动处理好这件事情。
The doctor insisted that the sick man was still at risk then.
医生坚持说这位病人当时仍然处于危险中。
We insisted that the girl was qualified for the job, but the manager insisted that she (should) not be offered the job because of her shyness as a receptionist.
我们坚决认为这个女孩是能胜任这份工作的，但经理坚持主张不给她这份工作，因为她作为接待员来说太害羞了。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①No matter how busy he is, he always insists ________ accompanying his daughter when she has a show.
②He insisted that I __________ (take) back what I said, but I insisted that my words ________ (be) right.
③What he said suggested he ________ (be) angry with you, so I suggest you ____________ (make) an apology to him.
on/upon
(should) take
were
was
(should) make
④在警察山姆的帮助下，贾斯廷被找到了，所以贾斯廷的母亲坚持要给山姆一笔钱作为回报。
With the help of the policeman Sam, Justin was found, so Justin's mother ______________________________________________ an amount of money as a reward.
insisted that she (should) give Sam/insisted on/upon giving Sam
9 relief n．消除，减轻；救济品；宽慰；轻松
(1)in/with relief 放心；宽心地
to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是；令某人放松的是
much to one's relief/to one's great relief 令某人非常欣慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
disaster relief 赈灾
pain relief 疼痛的缓解
the relief of suffering 痛苦的减轻
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是件让人欣慰/轻松的事
What a relief! 终于放心了！
(2)relieve vt. 解除，缓和(不快或痛苦)；减轻(问题的严重性)；缓解
relieve anxiety/stress 缓解焦虑/压力
relieve sb. of sth. 替某人拿重物；帮助某人减轻(负担)
When he knew he had passed the examination, he smiled in relief.
当他知道他通过了考试时，他如释重负地笑了。
Much to our relief/To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.
使我们非常欣慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。
Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.
终于能够讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。
Let me relieve you of some of your bags.
我来帮你拿几个袋子吧。
语境助记
It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road.
我如释重负，在路中间突然停了下来。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paperwork.
②All the passengers on board sighed with ________ (relieve) when the captain announced that he had solved the mechanical problems with the engine.
③“Thank you so much for coming to my aid，” said Polly ________ relief.
④To our great ________ (relieve), Dad returned home safe and sound.
of
relief
in/with
relief
⑤不过，当赛季临近尾声时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。
Still, most of us volunteers __________________ when the season comes to a close.
⑥能和别人谈谈这件事是件让人欣慰的事。_______________ be able to talk to someone about it.
breathe a sigh of relief
It was a relief to
10 inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知　information n．信息
(1)inform sb. that... 告知某人……
inform oneself of/about sth. 使自己了解/熟悉某事
inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的
keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人某事
They would inform him of/about any progress they had made.
他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。
He was informed that his application was rejected.
他被告知他的申请未被接受。
Please keep me fully informed of any developments.
事态如有进展，请随时通知我。
Reading is an excellent way to learn new things and stay informed.
阅读是一种学习新事物和使人见多识广的好方法。
We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.
我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。
联想
与inform sb. of sth.结构相同的短语：
cure sb. of sth.　　　　　治好某人的病
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人的某物
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事/某物
accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人犯有……罪
suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告/提醒某人某事
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thanks for informing us ________ the change in the schedule so that we can make necessary adjustments.
②Thank you for keeping me ________ (inform) of what happened in time.
③They often get some useful ________________ (inform) from the Internet.
④I ____________________ (得到通知) my son had been admitted into that college.
of/about
informed
information
was informed
⑤They are concerned to ________________________ (随时让居民知道) what they are doing.
keep the residents informed of
11 hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存(某物)
(1)hold on to my arm 抓住我的手臂
hold on to her fortune 守住她的财产
hold on to the old house 保住那栋老房子
(2)hold on 别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
hold up 支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out 伸出(手)；维持，坚持
hold back 隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止
(3)hold back information 隐瞒信息
hold back one's anger 压住怒火
hold back one's tears 忍住泪水
We thought of selling this old furniture but we've decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable.
我们原想卖掉这件老家具，但是我们决定继续保存它。它或许很值钱。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'd like to hold on ________ that house for the time being, because house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
②They held ________ until the last moment when the government came up with proper strategies to support the companies like theirs.
③当其它事情都变糟时，音乐是我唯一不会放弃的。
Music was the one thing I could ____________ when things got crazy.
to
on
hold on to
12 exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出　n．出口，通道；离开
(1)exit (vt.) my classroom＝exit (vi.) from my classroom 从我的教室离开
exit from 从……离开
exit through 穿过……出去
emergency/fire exit 紧急出口/消防通道
make a quick exit 迅速离开
make one's exit 退场
an exit visa 出境签证
(2)entrance n. 大门(口)；入口(处)
the entrance to... ……的入口处
He made his exit after the main actor appeared.
主角登场后，他退场了。
In case of fire, exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.
万一发生火灾，立即从最近的紧急出口撤离；不要乘坐电梯。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The boys ________ (exit) through a side window, laughing happily.
②They placed a mirror at the entrance ________ the hall to remind those entering of their appearance.
③我在人群里挤来挤去，挤到了出口处。
I struggled ________ the mass of people to the ________．
④安德烈担心他父亲的安危，想快点跑路算了。
Andre fears for his father's safety and wants to ___________________．
exited
to
through
exit
make a quick exit
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
[句式分析]　此句是“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时态”结构，表示“一件事情正在进行，这时另一件事情发生了”，when为并列连词。
并列连词when“这时”
was/were doing...when... 正在做……这时……
was/were about to do...when... 刚要做……这时……
was/were on the point of doing...when... 刚要做……这时……
had just/hardly/scarcely done...when... 刚做完……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正在和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始注入我家。
The driver was about to speed up when the car broke down.
司机刚要加速，汽车就出了故障。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要离开，这时有人敲门。
He had hardly dived into the sea when a shark appeared in the distance.
他刚潜入海里，远处就出现了一条鲨鱼。
I was about to go out to work when it began to rain heavily outside.
我正要出门去上班，这时外面下起了大雨。
即学即练　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I was about to take part in the basketball match ________ my left leg was injured.
②He ________________ (decorate) his house when someone knocked at the door.
③We had just left home ________ Mr. Wang called me.
④汤姆正打算放弃，这时他突然想到了一个好主意。
_______________________________________________________
when
was decorating
when
Tom was about to give up when he suddenly came up with a good idea.
⑤停电时杰克正在实验室里工作。
____________________________________________
⑥我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。
_______________________________________________________________________
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
I had just/hardly/scarcely got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
2 (教材原句)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
[句式分析]　该句是一个主从复合句，the moment是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
the moment “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句
下列名词词组也可以引导时间状语从句：
(1)the second time/the last time/every time (each time)/next time/any time第二次/最后一次/每次/下次/任何时候
(2)the moment/minute/second/instant一……就(＝as soon as)
(3)the day/the week/the year那一天/那一周/那一年
Every time the poet comes up with beautiful sentences, he will set them down.
每当诗人想到优美的句子，他就把它们写下来。
Every day my mother sets about her housework the moment she returns from work.
每天我妈妈一下班回来就开始做家务。
I recognized him the instant I saw him.
我一见到他就认出他来了。
Please inform me of the consequence the day you get the medical report.
你拿到医疗报告的那天，请把结果告诉我。
归纳拓展　表示“一……就……”的其他表达：
Written for children, the book became popular with parents immediately it came out.
这本书是为孩子写的，一出版就深受父母欢迎。
We were all struck by the beautiful scenes of Shangri-La upon arrival.一到达香格里拉，我们都被那里的美景迷住了。

名师点津
如果no sooner, hardly/scarcely位于句首，其所在的主句要使用部分倒装。
No sooner had we reached the seaside than we sat in a circle and started our picnic.
我们一到海边就围成一圈开始野餐。
Hardly/Scarcely had we begun our walk when it began to rain.
我们刚刚开始散步就下起雨来了。
即学即练　完成句子
①Anne felt very nervous ________________ (第一次) she gave a speech in front of so many students.
②The audience clapped excitedly _______________________________
(一出现) the performer appeared on the stage.
③______________________ (每次) I see him, he wears a pleasant smile.
④________________________ (最后一次) I saw him, he was handing out relief for the survivors in the disaster.
the first time
the moment/the minute/the instant/as soon as
Every/Each time
The last time
⑤He was an official in a small city ______________ (那一年) I met him.
⑥____________________________________________ (我一到家), I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
⑦He was visiting the senior in the nursing home ________________ (那一天) the typhoon hit this region.
the year
The moment/The minute/The instant/As soon as I got home
the day
3 (教材原句)On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead．
12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。
[句式分析]　本句中raced和left是并列谓语，thousands作left的宾语，dead作宾补。
leave＋宾语＋宾补
该句中leave为及物动词，意思是“使处于……；听任……”，宾语后接名词、介词短语、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等作宾补。
其常见结构归纳如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/介词短语
His parents were killed and the house was damaged in the hurricane, leaving him a homeless child.
他的父母在飓风中丧生，房子也被毁，他成了一个无家可归的孩子。
The building is still left under construction though several years have passed.
尽管几年过去了，那座大楼仍在建设中。
(2)leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词
The major surgery has left the senior very weak.
大手术使老年人非常虚弱。
(3)leave＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)
The woman hurried to the subway station to meet her former classmate, leaving the washing machine running.
这女人匆匆赶到地铁站去接她的老同学，洗衣机还开着。
(4)leave＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
All the builders pulled out of the site for safety's sake, leaving the roadworks uncompleted.
为了安全起见，所有的建筑工人都撤离了工地，道路工程仍未完工。
特别提示
除leave外，find, make, keep等动词也可接复合宾语结构。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It isn't a good idea to leave your children ________ (get) around outdoors on so hot a day.
②The bad weather left the project half ________ (finish).
③—You've left the light ________．—Oh, so I have. I'll go and turn it off.
getting
finished
on
④To the delight of the singer, her performance left the audience ________ (satisfy).
⑤He hurried home, ________________________ (把钥匙落在办公室了).
⑥—It was careless of you to ________________________ (你的汽车没锁) all night.
—My God. So I did.
satisfied
leaving his keys in the office
leave your car unlocked
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Of the six people who ___________ (受伤) in the traffic accident, only two survived.
2．Development of this area could be a ________ (灾难) for wildlife here.
3．This film has brought about varieties of ________ (反应) of people. People have different opinions about it.
4．Generally speaking, people can hardly survive a plane ________ (坠毁).
were injured
disaster
reactions
crash
5．The smiling official ______________ (示意) to the little boy to come up to him.
6．What disappointed us greatly was that we had no strategy to ________ (离开) from the conflict at that time.
7．Due to a traffic accident, his calm and ________ (有序的) life ended.
8．The checkers are checking the food products to ________ (确认) whether there is enough nutrient in them as marked in the instructions.
9．It is widely believed that giving people a warm ________ (拥抱) will absolutely give them great support and courage.
signalled/signaled
exit
orderly
confirm
hug
10．There is a small risk of brain damage from the ________ (程序) of the operation.
11．It ________ (发生) to him that he could bring life into this old art by introducing modern elements.
12．He ________ (坚持) that getting rid of poverty in the rural area is the first task and he will struggle for it all his life.
13．To his great ________ (宽慰) and delight, his application was finally accepted.
procedure
occurred
insists
relief
14．The terrible fire in Australia caused ________ (毁灭性的) harm to the wildlife there. And it is likely that some of them will disappear forever.
15．I regret to ________ (通知) you of his death as a consequence of his injuries.
destructive
inform
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The organization provides information on health issues to the public ____________．
2．He turned on the electronic map ____________ he got lost in the smog.
at large
in case
3．________ your dream and it will absolutely come true sooner or later.
4．The building was on fire last night. Fortunately all the residents in it were ____________．
5．He used many ways to get rid of his anxiety and tension, and eventually he managed to ____________ in this emergency.
6．______________， the problem of gas shortage in our community has been solved.
7．We need to ______________ the result of global warming all the while.
8．A good idea ____________ me that I could take up jogging regularly to keep fit.
Hold on to
safe and sound
keep his head
To our great relief
inform ourselves of
occurred to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Luckily, the former singer star wasn't ________ (injure) in the car crash.
2．In economic terms, this decision is ________ (disaster).
3．In the face of protest, the public showed varieties of ________ (react).
4．The woman crashed ________ a coming car while trying to get rid of the fierce dog.
5．The police signalled ________ the drivers to pull up because of the chemicals on the road ahead.
injured
disastrous
reactions
into
to
6．In the opinion of everyone here, this region is beautiful, clean and ________ (order).
7．The young girl ran down the ________ (stair), and went out of the building, disappearing in the dark street very soon.
8．Then her worst fear was ________ (confirm) that she would be out of work in the gas station.
9．The famous movie star went into the shelter, ________ (hug) all the people there and donating much money.
10．Ecoscientists always warn the whole world ________ the risk of extinction of some species.
orderly
stairs
confirmed
hugging
of
11．It suddenly occurred ________ him that this kind of water lily was a rare species.
12．The doctor insisted that he ____________ (send) to Shanghai and that he would try his best to help the people infected by COVID-19.
13．Having found that he could make a living by selling his own handcrafts, he returned home ________ relief.
14．It is vital that we take action to stop the ________ (destructive) of this kind of hardwood.
15．I hope you will write to me from time to time and inform me ________ your process and progress of the work.
to
(should) be sent
in
destruction
of/about
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash, but three days later he showed up ________________ (安然无恙的).
2．If you ________________________________ (坚持吃这么多的甜食), you'll have to suffer the consequences.(insist)
3．________________ (使我们宽慰的是), the new method finally proved to be a success.(relief)
4．When Jim heard the fire alarm he ______________ (保持冷静) and looked for the nearest exit.(head)
safe and sound
insist on/upon eating so much sweet food
To our relief
kept his head
5．The old castle requires to be restored ____________________ (被暴风雨袭击过后).(hit)
6．—How do you know so much about what's going on in the countryside
—I've got a friend there who ________________ (让我随时了解最新消息).(informed)
7．I was pulled onto the shore ____________________________ (我一浮上水面).(moment)
8．You should inform him of the change of the meeting time, ____________________ (以防他迟到).(case)
after being hit by the storm
keeps me informed
the moment I reached the surface
in case he comes late
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
What is the greatest threat to mankind Maybe different people come up with different answers. However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature. Natural disasters are the result of natural environmental processes that have a damaging effect on people. Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud-rock flows, climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes and fire events like forest fires and wildfires.
The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen. Although great progress has been made in designing and developing forecasting models for some natural disasters, complete certainty is still impossible. Even to be pessimistic, there is a possibility that human beings will never achieve accurate prediction of the happening of all natural disasters.
What's more, even though we are able to predict these disasters from nature, preventing them is equally impossible. So we only have two ways to both prevent injuries or deaths and reduce economic losses to the least. These two methods are to prepare before a natural disaster comes to hit, and to manage the necessary resources and public services after a natural disaster strikes.
These two things have always been at the leading position of the projects of both national governments and international organizations. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the “preparedness, response and recovery planning” of both man-made and natural disasters.
Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. Although natural events may appear to serve no purpose but simply to punish and destroy, natural disasters, a perfect symbol of the great power of the nature, are display of our planet's evolution and its state of change.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。自然是人类除了自己之外的最大的威胁，在自然的力量面前，人类显得那么渺小和无助。本文主要讲述人类与自然灾害之间的种种交织。
1．According to the passage, both humankind and nature ________．(　　)
A．can be managed orderly
B．can threaten human beings
C．are hard to control
D．have a large family
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“...that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature.”可确定答案。
2．Which can't be regarded as a similarity between tornadoes and earthquakes？(　　)
A．They can not be prevented.
B．They are both geological events.
C．They are both the result of natural environmental processes.
D．They cause damage to people.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“geological events like earthquakes”和“climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes”可知，龙卷风和地震并非都是地质事件。
3．Why do natural disasters cause so much damage？(　　)
A．It is very difficult to predict when exactly they will happen.
B．Our forecasting equipment is too old for many natural disasters.
C．We don't do enough preparation before natural disasters strike.
D．We don't have the necessary public services to use after natural disasters strike.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen.”可知，自然灾害造成如此大的损失的原因是我们无法准确预测它们何时会发生。
4．What can be concluded from the passage？(　　)
A．Natural disasters can not be predicted at all.
B．Human beings are pessimistic about the future.
C．Being well-prepared can avoid economic losses.
D．Good preparation and disaster management are advisable.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them.”可推知，良好的准备和灾害管理是明智的。
B
Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase. They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become static (静止的) and the winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm
According to the US website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and wet air from the surrounding areA． As the air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel” for the storm, like petrol in a car. Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air goes down, it becomes warm and dry. Warm and dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm.
This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong circling winds.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is. First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about three kilometers away. A good judge is that if your count is below thirty seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded (先于) by the calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and icy winds. So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your areA． That's the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature's temper.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇自然现象类阅读。文章解释了暴风雨来临前，海面变得平静，风力减弱的原因，并介绍了一个计算暴风雨距离的小窍门。
5．What does the 3rd paragraph mainly tell us？(　　)
A．How a storm comes into being.
B．Why research is done on storm clouds.
C．Why a peaceful period occurs before a storm.
D．How dangerous a storm can be in certain situations.
答案：C
解析：考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“According to the US website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and wet air from the surrounding area”以及下文可知，第三段主要告诉我们为什么暴风雨来临前会有一段平静的时期。故选C项。
6．How far away is the storm if you count 18 seconds between a flash of lightning and a thunderclap？(　　)
A．About three kilometers. B．About four kilometers.
C．About five kilometers. D．About six kilometers.
答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer”可知，闪电与雷声之间的间隔时长三秒约等于一千米，则18秒约等于6千米。故选D项。
7．What can we learn according to the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Storms have a big influence on life.
B．It is not always quiet before a storm.
C．Weather reports may fail to predict a storm.
D．Heavy storms don't usually last for a long time.
答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded (先于) by the calm”可知，暴风雨来临前并非总是宁静的。故选B项。
8．Where is the text probably taken from？(　　)
A．A science report. B．A weather report.
C．A travel guide. D．An advertisement.
答案：A
解析：考查推理判断。文章主要说明了暴风雨来临前的宁静的原因，以及如何计算暴风雨距离，由此可推测文章选自一份科学报告。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. __1__， he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the rapid response that there was an earthquake! He __2__ quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet！” Nicole heard the shouting, took up the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was __3__ even more violently.
The bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen __4__ and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. However, it got __5__ suddenly with an explosion. The house __6__ down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in __7__. She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but __8__.
A few minutes later, the land was silent. Nicole heard the sound of short __9__ and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no __10__！ He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. The two people encouraged and __11__ each other. They knew that there must be a way to escape.
Slim found that they were close and were __12__ by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt __13__ from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched one of Nicole's hands, and then dug the __14__ stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a __15__ breathing slowly. The two people sat on the ground and hugged together.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了在一次地震中，一对夫妻互相鼓励、互相帮助，一起战胜困难，最终幸免于难的感人的故事。
1．(　　)
A．Suddenly B．Actually
C．Unfortunately D．Really
答案：A
解析：根据文意判断，地震的发生是很突然的。suddenly突然地；actually实际上；unfortunately不幸地；really真实地，确实。
2．(　　)
A．warned B．frightened
C．jumped D．shouted
答案：D
解析：丈夫大声呼喊，让妻子到洗手间躲避地震。下文的shouting也有暗示。warn警告，往往指事情发生之前的行为，不符合语境；frighten惊吓；jump跳；shout大喊大叫。
3．(　　)
A．burning B．shaking
C．falling D．moving
答案：B
解析：根据语境可知，房子在地震中剧烈地摇晃起来。burn燃烧；shake摇晃；fall倒塌；move移动。
4．(　　)
A．tool B．cook
C．fork D．knife
答案：D
解析：最后一段有提示，丈夫用刀子在废墟中挖掘，寻找妻子。tool工具；cook厨师；fork叉；knife刀子。
5．(　　)
A．bright B．cloudy
C．dark D．blank
答案：C
解析：根据后文可知，突然的爆炸使得周围漆黑一片。bright明亮的； cloudy多云的；dark漆黑的；blank空白的，茫然的。
6．(　　)
A．lay B．crashed
C．broke D．bent
答案：B
解析：此处指房子轰然倒塌。crash当“撞碎”讲，符合语境。break down的意思是“中断，分解”。
7．(　　)
A．ruins B．ashes
C．dirt D．pieces
答案：A
解析：Nicole很快被埋在了废墟中。ruins废墟；ash灰烬； dirt尘土； pieces碎片。
8．(　　)
A．senseless B．impractical
C．impossible D．invaluable
答案：C
解析：已经被埋，想站起来是不可能的。senseless无意义的；impractical不切实际的；impossible不可能的；invaluable非常宝贵的。
9．(　　)
A．steps B．breath
C．movements D．pauses
答案：B
解析：short breath“短促的呼吸”，符合语境。step步伐；breath呼吸；movement移动；pause停顿。
10．(　　)
A．response B．sign
C．hope D．result
答案：A
解析：由下一句句意“他可能昏过去了”可知，妻子呼唤丈夫，但丈夫没有应答。response回应；sign迹象；hope希望；result结果。
11．(　　)
A．touched B．held
C．calmed D．called
答案：C
解析：与前面的“鼓励”构成并列关系，此处只能表示“安慰，让对方镇静下来”。touch接触；held握住，举行；calm使镇静；call打电话。
12．(　　)
A．wrapped B．separated
C．fastened D．limited
答案：B
解析：根据前文“两人挨得很近”可知，此处强调两人被碎石等隔开。wrap包裹，缠绕；separate分开；fasten系牢；limit限制。
13．(　　)
A．pain B．cold
C．water D．warmth
答案：A
解析：丈夫使劲在废墟中挖掘，手指都疼了。pain疼痛；cold寒冷；water水；warmth温暖。
14．(　　)
A．sticking B．dealing
C．surrounding D．spreading
答案：C
解析：最后丈夫把围在妻子身边的碎石清理掉。stick刺，粘贴；deal处理；surround围绕；spread扩散。
15．(　　)
A．complete B．constant
C．steady D．weak
答案：C
解析：丈夫把妻子从废墟中解救了出来，因此她的呼吸开始变得平稳。complete完全的；constant不断的；steady平稳的；weak虚弱的。