(共166张PPT)
Section C Extended reading
& Project & Further study
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
2．____________ vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到
n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突
3．____________ vt. 培养；助长；抚养，滋养
4．____________ n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣
vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
5．____________ n. 暗喻，隐喻
dare
encounter
nourish
boom
metaphor
6．_________ vt. (过去式____________，过去分词___________)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色
n. 全体演员；投，抛
7．____________ vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)
8．____________ n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
9．____________ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
10．____________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责
cast
cast
cast
owe
debt
entitle
blame
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．dweller n．___________→dwell vi.___________→ dwelling n．___________
2．________ adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的→________ vt.(过去式________，过去分词________)碰撞；打，击；给(某人以……)印象
3．________ (also________)vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→________ n．品质，性格，特点
4．Confucianism n._________________→Confucius n．________
居民，居住者
居住，栖身
住所，住宅
striking
strike
struck
struck
characterize
characterise
character
儒家，儒学，孔子学说
孔子
5．Taoism n．____________→Taoist n．____________
6．________ n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物→________ adj.传奇的；非常著名的
7．________ adj.众多的，许多的→________ n．数，数字，数目，号码
8．________ adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→________ n．光荣，荣誉；壮丽
9．________ n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→________ adj.稳定的，稳固的；稳重的
道教，道家
道士，道教徒
legend
legendary
numerous
number
glorious
glory
stability
stable
10．________ adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→________ vt.容忍，忍受→_____________．.. 对……容忍，能耐……的
11．________ n．自由(自己选择生活方式而不受政府或权威的过多限制)→________ adj.自由的，开明的
12．____________ adj.不受约束的，自由的→________ vt.强迫；限制，约束
tolerant
tolerate
be tolerant of
liberty
liberal
unconstrained
constrain
13．________ n．生命力，活力，热情→________ adj.生命的；充满生机的；必不可少的，极重要的
14．________ vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→___________ adj.著名的，杰出的
15．exaggeration n．__________→exaggerate vt. & vi.__________
vitality
vital
distinguish
distinguished
夸张，夸大
夸张，夸大，言过其实
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 伸手去够
2．________________ 以免，唯恐
3．________________ 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成
4．________________________ 使自己/某人熟悉某物
5．________________ 植根于
reach out for
for fear of
contribute to
familiarize oneself/sb. with sth.
be rooted in
6．________________ 对……印象深刻
7．________________ 使A有别于B；把A与B区分开
8．________________ 代表……的
9．________________ 被公认为……
10．________________ 被……所吸引
be impressed by
distinguish A from B
be representative of
be recognized as
be fascinated by
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context ______________．
2．同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
______________________________________________， which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
in which he lived
Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What is the purpose of the poem A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple
A．To ask readers to enjoy it.
B．To compare it with other poems.
C．To introduce Li Bai.
D．To introduce Tang poems.
C
2．What made Li Bai familiar with classical Chinese culture and acquire the wisdom of previous generations
A．All kinds of books he read.
B．All activities he took part in.
C．The society he lived in.
D．His travelling experiences.
A
3．What made Li Bai different from other landscape poets
A．His free expression of strong feelings.
B．His extraordinary talent.
C．His inspiration from nature.
D．The influence from Qu Yuan.
A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It is believed that A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple 1.____________ (write) by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking imagination, this early poem showed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize his poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling contributed a lot 2.________ his romantic style. By 3.________ (read) all kinds of books, he got familiar with classical Chinese culture and 4.________ (acquire) the wisdom of previous generations.
was written
to
reading
acquired
Li Bai's travel around the country nourished his love of nature and inspired him 5.________ (write) romantic poems. In addition, Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, 6.________ allowed Li Bai to develop 7.________ free and unconstrained personality. Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is easy to see that most of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style.
to write
which
a
All in all, with his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong 8.________ (feeling) and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the 9.________ (great) romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Li Bai's poetry inspires generations of poets both at home 10.________ abroad and is enjoyed by countless readers.
feelings
greatest
and
[教材原文]
Li Bai and his romantic poetry
A hundred feet the temple towers；
I can reach out for① the stars in the sky.
But I dare② not speak in a voice loud，
For fear of③ scaring dwellers④ on high.
(“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”)
It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking⑤ imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”， this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize⑥ Li Bai's poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to⑦ his romantic style. He started studying the classics when he was only five years old, and was reading ancient philosophers⑧ of different schools at the age of ten, including⑨ Confucianism⑩ and Taoism .
By reading books of all kinds, from legends to historical stories, he familiarized himself with classical Chinese culture, and more importantly, he acquired the wisdom of previous generations.
Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel[1], Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties . His footsteps covered almost the whole country. During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, encountering different customs and practices. These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous poems in the romantic style.
[1]过去分词短语作原因状语
Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived. Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social stability [2]. This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality, which, in turn ， had a huge impact on his poetic production.
[2]同位语，补充说明the Tang Dynasty
Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poet's rich imagination. The moon and stars in the sky, the natural landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination. Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
These features are inseparable from Li Bai's wide use of exaggeration ， metaphor and other artistic techniques. The poem below, written in his fifties[3], is representative of his romantic style：
[3]过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the poem
My silver hair is three thousand feet long.
Because my sorrow is deep and strong.
How can the autumn frost white
Be cast into the mirror bright
(“Autumn Frost”)
With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems. One such poet is Ezra Pound, a 20th-century American poet. He was fascinated by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay. Today Li Bai's poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world.
[词汇注释]
①reach out for伸手去够
②dare/de (r)/vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
※dare not (daren't) do不敢做……
③for fear of以免，唯恐
④dweller/'dwel (r)/n.居民，居住者
⑤striking/'stra k /adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的
⑥characterize/'k r kt ra z/
(also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画
⑦contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成
⑧philosopher n．哲学家，贤哲
⑨including sth.＝sth. included
包括某物
⑩Confucianism/k n'fju n z m/n.儒家，儒学，孔子学说
Taoism/'ta z m；'da z m/n.道教，道家
legend/'led nd/n.传说，传奇故事；传奇人物
familiarize oneself/sb. with sth.
使自己/某人熟悉某物
acquire vt.获得，得到
a desire for sth.对某物的渴望
in one's early twenties
在某人二十岁出头时
cover v．盖；覆盖；涉及
encounter/ n'ka nt (r)/vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突
※have an encounter with与……相遇
nourish/'n r /vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
numerous/'nju m r s/adj.众多的，许多的
be rooted in根源于，植根于
grow up长大成人
glorious/'gl ri s/adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的
boom/bu m/n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
stability/st 'b l ti/n.稳定(性)，稳固(性)
tolerant/'t l r nt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的
※be tolerant of/towards
对……宽容/容忍的
liberty/'l b ti/n.自由
※at liberty to do sth.
有权做……；有做……的自由
unconstrained/ nk n'stren nd/adj.
不受约束的，自由的
in turn相应地，转而；依次地，轮流地
given prep.考虑到；鉴于
fail to do sth.未能做某事
be impressed by对……印象深刻
vehicle n．媒介，工具，手段；交通工具
vitality/va 't l ti/n.生命力，活力，热情
※breathe vitality into sth.
给……注入活力
distinguish/d 'st gw /vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众
※distinguish A from B使A有别于B；把A与B区分开
be inseparable from
与……不可分离的/分不开的
exaggeration/ g z d 're n/n.夸张，夸大
metaphor/'met f (r)/n.暗喻，隐喻
representative/ repr 'zent t v/adj.
典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表
※be representative of代表……
frost/fr st/n.霜；霜冻，严寒天气
cast/kɑ st/vt. (cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛
mastery n．精通；熟练掌握
※the mastery of对……的熟练掌握
be recognized as被公认为……
owe/ /vt.欠(情)；欠(债)
※owe sb. sth.欠某人某物
debt/det/n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
inspirational adj.启发灵感的；鼓舞人心的
fascinate/'f s ne t/vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住
※be fascinated by被……所吸引
entitle/ n'ta tl/vt. (usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
[汉语译文]
李白及其浪漫主义诗歌
危楼高百尺，
手可摘星辰。
不敢高声语，
恐惊天上人。
(《夜宿山寺》)
相传此诗为李白少年时所作。在这首早期作品中，“恐惊天上人”等诗句想象奇绝，已经展现出一种浪漫主义风格，这一风格后来成为李白诗歌的特色。
李白的浪漫主义风格与其自幼喜读书、好游历不无关联。他五岁就诵读经典，十岁读儒道等诸子百家的著作。他博览群书，从传奇故事到历史典故无所不窥，从而对古代经典文化谙熟于心，更重要的是，他从中汲取了先贤们的智慧。
在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，他二十几岁便离家周游，足迹几乎遍及海内。他一路寻访名山大川，见识各地文化风俗。这些旅途见闻培养了他对自然的热爱，也让他诗兴大发，写下了无数浪漫主义的作品。
李白的浪漫主义风格亦源于他所处的社会历史环境。他成长于经济繁荣、国家安定的盛唐。这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。
有如此的个人阅历和历史背景，李白多数作品皆富浪漫主义色彩就不足为奇了。哪怕再没有文化的读者，也会为诗人丰富的想象力所折服。天上星月、自然景观、传奇人物，他都可借以发挥想象力。同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。
这些特征也离不开他对夸张、比喻等艺术手法的广泛运用。下面这首诗是他五十多岁时所作，是其浪漫主义风格的集中体现：
白发三千丈，
缘愁似个长。
不知明镜里，
何处得秋霜？
(《秋浦歌》)
超尘脱俗的想象，强烈情感的自由抒发，以及对语言的精通，使李白被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。他的诗篇滋养着中国乃至海外一代又一代诗人。其中一位便是20世纪美国诗人埃兹拉·庞德。他倾慕李白的诗，选译了多首收入他1915年出版的诗歌集《华夏集》中。时至今日，李白的诗歌仍然为世界各地无数读者所喜爱。
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)dare vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
①dare用作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句、条件句或whether引导的从句。
dare not (daren't) do 不敢做……
Dare I/you/he... 我/你(们)/他敢……吗？
How dare you... 你竟敢……？
I dare say... 我想……；我敢说……
Dare you tell her the truth？你敢告诉她真相吗？
—Dare you catch the mouse？你敢抓那只老鼠吗？
—I daren't do that.我不敢抓。
How dare she do the thing like that to me
她怎么敢对我做那种事？
I daren't ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。
If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you.
如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。
②dare用作实义动词时，其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带to，且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。
dare (to) do 敢做……
don't/doesn't dare (to) do 不敢做……
I dare (to) jump down from the top of the wall.
我敢从那个墙头上跳下来。
She doesn't dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes.
她不敢与老师对视。
I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.
我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
Did he dare (to) tell her？他敢告诉她吗？
⑩We don't dare (to) say anything.我们什么也不敢说。
I've never dared (to) ask her.我从来不敢问她。
③dare的过去式问题
dare用作情态动词时可以有过去式dared，也可以直接用dare表示过去式。
That was why he dare(d) do so.那就是他敢这样做的原因。
Mother dare(d) not tell Father she'd given away his old jacket.
母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。
名师点津
①dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
②dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形。
③有类似用法的词还有need。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I dare not ____________ (look) my father in the eye when he is angry.
②Afraid of being beaten by my father，I dared not ____________ (go) back home after school.
③Dare you ____________ (enter) the dark house at night
④He didn't dare ____________ (tell) her what had happened in case she felt sad.
look
go
enter
(to) tell
⑤He ____________ (dare) me to jump into the pool.
⑥I ____________ (dare) say it's true.
⑦你怎么敢说这种事？
_________________________________________________________
dares
dare
How dare you say such a thing
2)striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)(灾难或疾病)侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴) vt.打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象
(1)a striking feature 显著的特征
a dark man with striking features
一名相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子
a striking contrast between wealth and poverty
显著的贫富差异
It is striking that... 显然……
(3)strike the hour 整点报时
strike a match 划火柴
earthquake-stricken areas 地震灾区
poverty-stricken families 贫困家庭
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I began using a smartphone. 自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加引人注目。
He's good-looking, but he's not as striking as his brother.
他长得很帅，但他不像他哥哥那样引人注目。
It is striking that no research on the problem is occurring.
显然没有针对该问题进行的研究。
The ship struck a rock.船触礁了。
The tree was struck by lightning.这棵树遭到了雷击。
The stone struck her on the forehead.石头击中了她的额头。
The clock has just struck three.时钟刚刚敲过三点。
It struck me that/hit me that/occurred to me that the band which I adored would perform at the Silver Palace the next day.
我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在银宫演出。
语境助记
These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours．
这些雕塑被描绘成色彩鲜明的彩虹。
即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译/单句写作
①There's a ____________ (strike) contrast between what he does and what he says.
②It was ____________ (strike) that the public were even more concerned about the climate change.
③What ____________ (strike) me most was the beauty of the West Lake.
④She was so angry as to strike him ____________ the face.
striking
striking
struck
in
⑤他打我的头。
He struck me ____________ the head.
＝He struck ____________ head.
⑥趁热打铁。
_______________________________
⑦他抓住我的胳膊。
_______________________________
⑧时钟敲了12下。
_______________________________
on
my
Strike while the iron is hot.
He caught me by the arm.
The clock/It is striking twelve.
3)contribute to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；有助于，导致
(1)contribute to the Red Cross 向红十字会捐款
contribute to a literary journal 向一个文学刊物投稿
(2)contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
contribute money to the flood-stricken area 向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 给该杂志投稿
(3)contribution n. 贡献；捐款，捐献物；稿件
Would you like to contribute to our collection
你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
We contributed ￡ 5，000 to the earthquake fund.
我们向地震基金会捐赠了5 000英镑。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了一些文章。
He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
他对这个项目的成功贡献良多。
It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。
联想拓展
“导致，引起”的多种表达：
cause; result in; bring about; lead to
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I believe that each of us can contribute ____________ the future of the world.
②Learning to relax by whichever method suits you best is a positive way of ____________ (contribute) to your overall good health.
③In what ways do you think you can make a ____________ (contribute) to our company
④Economists have made important ____________ (contribute) to the field of financial and corporate economics.
to
contributing
contribution
contributions
4)familiarize oneself with 使自己熟悉/了解/通晓……
(1)familiarize sb. with sth. 使某人熟悉/了解/通晓某物
familiarize new employees with office procedures
使新员工熟悉办公程序
familiarize students with good literature
使学生熟悉好的文学作品
familiarize myself with the subject
使我自己熟悉这一学科
(2)familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的
be familiar with... (人)对……熟悉
be familiar to sb. (物)对某人来说熟悉/为……熟知
(3)familiarity n. 熟悉，通晓
We spent a few minutes familiarizing ourselves with the day's schedule.
我们花了几分钟来熟悉当天的日程安排。
The goal of the experiment was to familiarize the people with the new laws.
该实验的目的是使人们熟悉新的规章。
The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
住在面包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。
Are you familiar with the computer software they use
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
他谈起其他文化就好像它们对于他来说比他自己的文化还熟悉。
语境助记
We are all familiar with the professor, who has familiarized himself with the language of this country in half a year, and his familiarity with the culture of this country will help his work a lot.
我们都熟悉这位教授，他用了半年的时间熟悉了这个国家的语言，并且他熟悉这个国家的文化将对他的工作有很大帮助。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①On arriving there, you should try to familiarize yourself ____________ local conditions and laws.
②With the final examination drawing near, we must ____________ (familiar) ourselves with it from now on.
③I use Christmas as an example because it is familiar ____________ most readers.
with
familiarize
to
④The theme park you are probably most familiar ____________ is Disneyland.
⑤She addressed me with an easy ____________ (familiar) that made me feel at home.
with
familiarity
5)encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突
(1)encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
encounter an old friend 遇到一位老朋友
(2)a chance encounter 偶然相遇
a close encounter with... 与……近距离的相遇/接触
have an encounter with 与……相遇
She happened, while she was thus engaged, to encounter the face of the man on deck.
在她这样忙着的时候，偶然碰到在舱面上那个男人的面孔。
They encountered serious problems when two members of the team were injured.
当两名队员受伤时，他们遇到了严重的问题。
Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear.
充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了一些熊的照片。
I had a frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.
我曾遇到过一条毒蛇，吓得我要命。
拓展
come across偶然遇到；偶然发现
run into sb.偶然遇见某人，碰到某人
联想拓展
①表示“偶然遇见，碰见”的短语有：come across, run across, run into。
Perhaps I shall come across my old friend in France.
也许我会在法国碰见我的老朋友。
②表示“遇到(困难)”的短语有：run into, meet with。
The company ran into financial difficulties almost immediately.
公司几乎立刻就陷入了财务困境。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I ____________ (encounter) many difficulties when I first started this job.
②His first encounter ____________ Wilson was back in 2021.
③Bernstein began training the young musician after ____________ chance encounter at a concert.
encountered
with
a
6)tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 tolerate vt.忍受 tolerance n．宽容，容忍
be tolerant towards/to 对……宽容
be tolerant of sth. 对……容忍；能耐……的
a tolerant society 宽容的社会
trees that are tolerant of sea winds 耐海风的树木
have tolerance of/for 对……宽容/容忍
tolerance to sth. 对某事物的忍耐力
tolerance to cold 耐寒力
tolerate (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事
He has a very tolerant attitude towards other opposing ideas.
他对其他反对的观点持非常宽容的态度。
They need to be tolerant of different points of view.
他们需要容忍不同的观点。
The plants are tolerant of drought.这些植物耐旱。
They don't have the best service, but I can tolerate it because I love their food.
他们的服务不是最好的，但我能忍受，因为我喜欢他们的食物。
I can't tolerate lying，as is known to you.你知道，我不能容忍说谎。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Luckily, my parents were tolerant ____________ my choice of music.
②I won't tolerate ____________ (lie) to me.
③My ____________ (tolerant) of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.
④她的父母十分宽容，但她有时也让他们忍无可忍。
Her parents are very __________， but sometimes she pushes them too far.
of/to/towards
lying
tolerance
tolerant
7)distinguish vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众
(1)distinguish...from... 使……有别于……；区分……与……
distinguish between...and... 把……和……区分开来
distinguish oneself 使自己出众/扬名/受人青睐
distinguish oneself as 作为……而出众/扬名/著名
(2)distinguished adj. 有尊严的，高贵的；卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for
(＝be famous/well-known for) 因……而著称；以……而出众
be distinguished as
(＝be famous/well-known as) 作为……而著名
Speech distinguishes human beings from the other animals.
言语能力将人类与其他动物区别开来。
We should distinguish between good and evil.我们应分清善恶。
Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading history scholar.
在随后的几年中，他作为历史学的权威学者而享有盛誉。
He was the most distinguished scholar in this field.
他是这一领域最为著名的学者。
He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
他因他的经济学知识而出众。
语境助记
This task's interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
这项任务的互相依赖使棒球与足球和篮球不同。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a ____________ (distinguish) writer.
②The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right ________ wrong.
③Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing ____________ areas of light and dark.
distinguished
from
between
8)representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表
(1)be representative of 代表……
a representative of ……的代表
a representative of the UN 联合国代表
an elected representative of the people 民选代表
a union representative 工会代表
(2)represent v. 描绘；象征；代表
represent...as... 把……描述成……
The exhibition is representative of modern art.
这个展出代表了现代艺术。
Beijing Opera is the most representative of traditional Chinese dramatic art forms and the most influential Chinese opera form.
京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏剧艺术形式，也是中国最具影响力的戏曲形式。
They will meet with representatives from industry and the government next Tuesday.
下周二他们将与产业界和政府的代表会面。
I have been selected to represent my school to participate in the debate.我被选出来代表学校参加辩论。
The article represents the millionaire as a simple family man.
这篇文章把这位百万富翁描述成一个简朴的居家男人。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He is a ____________ (represent) for a large international company.
②He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as _________ representative.
③All shops are visited regularly by one of our sales ____________ (representative).
④The painting is not representative ____________ his works of the period.
representative
a
representatives
of
⑤Paintings ____________ (represent) religious themes were common in earlier times.
⑥New York ____________ (represent) everything that's great about America.
⑦The popular press tends to represent him ________ an environmental leader.
representing
represents
as
9)cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛
cast a shadow over/on sth. 给某事物蒙上了一层阴影；向……投下一片阴影
cast light on/upon 使……真相大白
cast doubt(s) on/upon sth. 对某事产生怀疑
cast a vote 投票
cast a net 撒网
cast sb. as... 选定某人扮演
be cast down 沮丧；不愉快
members of the cast 剧组成员
cast aside 抛弃，丢弃
a cast list 演员表
cast off 解缆；丢弃，抛弃
The bad news cast a shadow over us.
这个坏消息给我们蒙上了一层阴影。
The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct.
恐龙骨骼的发现使它们灭绝的原因真相大白。
New evidence has cast doubt on the sentence.
新的证据使人对判决产生了怀疑。
The fisherman cast his net into the water.渔夫把网撒到水里。
To my surprise, the director has cast me as a scientist.
令我惊讶的是，导演选定我扮演一位科学家。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
人们不仅自己在网上投票，还力劝别人为“最美教师”和“最萌宝宝”这样的比赛投票。
特别提示
当cast意为“全体演员”且作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，若强调整体中的每一个成员都……，谓语动词用复数。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moon cast a bright light ____________ the garden.
②People complained about the shadows ____________ (cast) by the new skyscraper.
③A researcher has now cast light ____________ the mystery of why the animals die.
④However, the new results cast doubt ____________ both explanations.
⑤她远离了以前的朋友，开始了全新的生活。
She _________ her former friends and started a new life.
over/on
cast
on/upon
on/upon
cast off
10)blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责
(1)blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
be to blame for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任
(2)take/bear/accept the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把(某事的)责任归咎于/推到某人身上
警示：be to blame是不定式的主动形式表被动意义
Don't blame him for breaking that vase；after all，he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
He was to blame for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
他应该对事故负责，因为他开车逆行了。
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people blame the smartphone ________ the tragedy, yet in fact people's weak self-control and self-discipline are ________ (blame).
②Don't always blame your own failure ____________ others. You should take the blame ____________ it.
③____________ (blame) for the accident, the driver couldn't get away with it.
for
to blame
on
for
Blamed
④Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ____________ the alarm clock.
⑤他因这次巨大的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。
He ______________ the big mistake，but he ____________ others.
on
was blamed for
blamed it on
11)glorious adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 glory n．[U]光荣，荣誉；[C]辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事
(1)a glorious victory 辉煌的胜利
a glorious chapter in our country's history 我国历史上光辉的一页
a glorious sunset 瑰丽的晚霞
(2)win glory for 为……赢得荣誉
for the glory of 为了……的荣誉
moment of glory 荣耀的时刻
past/former glory 昔日的辉煌
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is a glorious piece of music.
贝多芬的《第九交响曲》是一首辉煌的乐曲。
He had a long and glorious military career.
他有漫长而光荣的军旅生涯。
即学即练 完成句子
①为了给祖国争光，运动员们正在刻苦训练。
The athletes are training hard to ________________ their homeland.
②为了学校的荣誉，他参加了比赛。
He took part in the competition ________________ his school.
win glory for
for the glory of
12)make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到(＝allow for) allowance n．津贴，补助；限额；零花钱
(1)make allowance(s) for extra staff when needed
必要时考虑增派员工
(2)an allowance of $20 a day 每天20美元补贴
a clothing/living/travel allowance 服装/生活/交通补贴
a baggage allowance of 20 kilos 行李限重20千克
give sb. allowance of $ 30 a month 每月给某人30美元零花钱
make an allowance of...for sth. 为……留有……余地/为……打……折扣
Dad is under pressure—you have to make allowance for him.
爸爸有压力——你得体谅他。
The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates.
这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。
The store makes an allowance of 5% for cash payment
本店为付现款者留有5%的折扣。/本店现款打九五折。
即学即练 完成句子
①你如果有资格领取疾病津贴，必须向雇主申请索要。
If you are entitled to ________________， you must claim it from your employer.
②店主同意付款打九折。
The shopowner ____________________________________.
sickness allowance
makes allowance of 10% for cash payment
第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived. 李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
[句式分析] 本句是复合句。句中in which he lived是“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰the social and historical context。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语，若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，此结构中的关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)，which(先行词指物)和whose(表示所属关系，先行词既可指人也可指物)。
The official to whom we applied for a permit was very kind.
我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。
Have you found the book on which I spent ￡10
你找到那本我花10英镑买的书了吗？
Our English teacher，with whose help we have made great progress in English，has completed thirty years of teaching.
我们的英语老师完成了三十年的教学，在他的帮助下，我们的英语取得了很大的进步。
(2)介词的选择依据：一是根据定语从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配，二是根据先行词与定语从句中动词的关系以及所表达的含义。
a．根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，该谓语动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help).
在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.(shake hands with sb.)
你刚才握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。
b．根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，该形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)
卡尔·马克思不确定的两样东西是语法和一些习语。
特别提示
(1)根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
I'll never forget the day on which (＝when) I joined the army.
我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。
The factory in which (＝where) his father works is far away from my hometown.他父亲工作的工厂离我的家乡很远。
I don't know the reason for which (＝why) he was late.
我不知道他迟到的原因。
(2)根据句子的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的飞行员。
名师点津
在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The English play in ____________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
②This is the student for ____________ I bought the book.
③A harvester is a machine with ____________ we harvest crops.
④I don't think the number of people ____________ whom this happens is very large.
⑤The man, ____________ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
which
whom
which
to
from
⑥This is the reason ____________ which he was late for school.
⑦The man ____________ whom the wolf was shot is a good hunter.
⑧We have many labs, the largest of ____________ was built last year.
⑨He mentioned a book, __________ title I have forgotten.
⑩Those foreign teachers, most of ____________ have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much.
for
by
which
whose
whom
2)(教材原句)Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
[句式分析] 本句是复合句。主句Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings是完全倒装句，属于表语位于句首的完全倒装，这也是为了使句子紧凑，避免头重脚轻，因为主句后面是两个which引导的定语从句修饰主句中的主语Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings.
表语提前引起的完全倒装
有时为了强调表语，需要将表语置于句首，句子完全倒装，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”，表语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。
Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。
Hidden in a tiny cabinet were four Mother's Day poems I'd written for her in the 1960s.
在一个小柜子里，藏着四首我在20世纪60年代为她写的母亲节诗。
Attending the opening ceremony of the Expo was the President，where he announced new measures to further expand opening-up.
主席出席了博览会开幕式，宣布了进一步扩大开放的新举措。
On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调，等着用船运到其他城市去。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ (amaze) were all the guests present when the clown appeared on the stage.
②____________ (stand) inside were many young people who were out of job recently.
③他们随心所欲的日子一去不复返了。
_______________ when they could do what they liked.
Amazed
Standing
Gone are the days
④在这些货物中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
_________________ Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
⑤窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
________________ a young man with a magazine in his hand.
Among the goods are
By the window sat
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There was something, ____________ (胆敢) I say it, a little unusual about him.
2．In ____________ (显著的) contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and adorable.
3．This election campaign has been ____________ (是……的特征) by violence.
4．Every day of our lives we ____________ (遭遇) major and minor sorrows of one kind or another.
dare
striking
characterized
encounter
5．This paper introduces a practical technique of enhancing accuracy and ____________ (稳定性).
6．We believe that students of enthusiastic schools will have more ____________ (宽容的) attitudes.
7．Banks will go from being ____________ (不受约束的) by their balance sheets to being caged by them.
8．It is reasonable to expect our television programmes to be more ____________ (代表) of Chinese society.
stability
tolerant
liberty
representative
9．Ten degrees of ____________ (霜) had frozen the lock on the car.
10．The setting sun ____________ (投射) an orange glow over the mountains this morning.
11．I ____________ (归功于) the recovery of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.
12．A loan was arranged to pay back existing ____________ (债务).
frost
cast
owe
debts
13．It was a dessert that had ____________ (深深吸引) him since he was a boy.
14．We guarantee that our experience in foreign trade and marketing will ____________ (使享有权利) us to your confidence.
15．Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of ______________ (指责).
fascinated
entitle
blame
Ⅱ.短语填空
familiarize...with, be representative of, a chance encounter with, be fascinated by, be tolerant of, at liberty, contribute to, be rooted in, distinguish between...and..., run into
1．I am sure that this meeting will apparently ____________ the development of peace and security all over the world.
2．The goal of the lecture was to ________ the people ________ the new perspective.
3．I had __________________ a legend from India this morning in the gallery.
contribute to
familiarize
with
a chance encounter with
4．It's worth asking whether that image ____________ reality.
5．He ____________ different perspectives and regions.
6．You are ____________ to employ my cycle, but you should keep it in good condition.
7．He could no longer ________________ illusion ________ reality.
8．The exact perspectives vary, but this post by Eli Dourado _________________ the crowds.
9．We'll ____________ debt if you spend apparently more than our income.
10．Although it is raw material, people ______________ it.
is rooted in
is tolerant of
at liberty
distinguish between
and
is representative of
run into
are fascinated by
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Both companies have characterized the relationship ____________ pleasant.
2．You'll need time to familiarize yourself ____________ the local surroundings.
3．She was the most remarkable woman he had ever __________ (encounter).
4．His analysis was rooted ____________ a somewhat subjective reading of Austrian history.
as
with
encountered
in
5．The award of the Nobel Prize has crowned a ____________ (glory) career in physics.
6．China has contributed to the ____________ (stable) and balance of global economic development.
7．There is lowered pain ____________ (tolerant), lowered resistance to infection.
8．She has a powerful and ____________ (constrained) emotion.
glorious
stability
tolerance
unconstrained
9．It is apparent that learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish right ____________ wrong.
10．The movie directed by a famous director ____________ (cast) in a distant rural area at present.
11．It's ____________ (fascinate) to see how different people overcome the difficulties.
12．I do not blame them for ____________ (try) to make some extraordinary money.
from
is being cast
fascinating
trying
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．这个计划被放弃了，因为它没有考虑到没有自行车的学生。
The plan was abandoned because _______________________________
____________. (allowance)
2．我在爬树时摔了下来，胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。
When climbing the tree I fell down and got my arm hurt, ______________________________________. (dare)
it didn't make allowance for students without a bike
I dare not try again或I didn't dare (to) try again
3．理性消费，这样你就不会负债。
Make rational spending choices so that you won't __________________. (debt)
4．尤其受欢迎的是游泳，这可能是最好的全身运动方式。
________________________，which is probably the best all-round exercise.(表语前置引起的倒装)
5．他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。
He had a vision of a world ______________________________．
go/get/run/fall into debt
Especially popular is swimming
in which there would be no wars
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
Nancy Meherne lives a simple life by the sea, gardening and surfing at Scarborough Beach just a walking distance from her house. The 92-year-old's board was made in New Zealand in the 1970s. Unlike its owner, it's a little seriously worn out (its blue and red pattern is long gone)—but it's easy to carry and suits her just fine. Often wearing just a swimsuit, despite summer water temperatures ranging from 14 ℃ to 18 ℃， the grandmother of seven walks to waist-deep water, waits for the perfect wave and jumps on.
Born in Wellington in 1929 at the beginning of the Great Depression, Meherne says her life has been full of interesting or exciting moments. In her early 20s, after training and working as a schoolteacher, she left New Zealand by ship to study and work in England and other countries in Europe, spending her weekends and holidays exploring the region, taking free rides, sleeping on train platforms and staying in youth hotels.
Her travels also took her to India, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon and Pakistan where she taught at a school for three months. After returning to New Zealand, Meherne raised three children with her husband, Doug, while teaching in primary schools. Her teaching philosophy was similar to her life philosophy, “You've got to have fun.”
She remembers seeing the ocean for the first time and being shocked at its grandness. A keen swimmer and surf lifesaver in her youth, Meherne says she didn't take up surfing until her late 30s or early 40s when she was living in Sumner and started borrowing her son's board. “I never did try and stand up, but I loved it. I'd go whenever I could.”
Meherne will be 93 and says she will keep surfing for as long as she is able to “do a little jump” to get on the waves. Her husband Doug says, “She has certainly kept the bar pretty high there. She has aged but she hasn't got old—you know what I'm saying？”
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是92岁高龄的Nancy Meherne一生都在坚持冲浪以此践行自己的人生哲学：你必须要有乐趣。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph？( )
A．Meherne surfs near her home.
B．Meherne started surfing in the 1970s.
C．Meherne's worn board is too old to be used.
D．Summer water temperatures are unbearable for Meherne.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Nancy Meherne lives a simple life by the sea, gardening and surfing at Scarborough Beach just a walking distance from her house”可知，南希住在海边附近，可以直接步行去冲浪。故选A。
2．Which of the following words can best describe Meherne's early life？( )
A．Full and adventurous.
B．Hard and challenging.
C．Busy and pitiful.
D．Aimless and relaxing.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Born in Wellington in 1929 at the beginning of the Great Depression, Meherne says her life has been full of interesting or exciting moments”可知，南希一生过得充实且充满冒险。故选A。
3．What does Meherne's husband Doug mean by saying the words in the last paragraph？( )
A．Meherne has kept pushing and now reached her limit.
B．Despite her growing age, Meherne is still quite energetic.
C．Considering her growing age, Meherne is no longer fit for surfing.
D．Meherne has set so high a standard that other surfers can never reach.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Meherne will be 93 and says she will keep surfing for as long as she is able to ‘do a little jump’ to get on the waves”可知，南希马上就93岁，但心态却充满活力，不曾老去。故选B。
4．What does the text mainly talk about？( )
A．People's comments on an unusual surfer.
B．A woman who has stuck to surfing for decades.
C．The travelling experience of an excellent surfer.
D．The sport which attracts people of different ages—surfing.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述的是92岁高龄的南希·梅赫内一生都在坚持冲浪。故选B。
B
Why read, and sometimes even write poetry That question is not difficult to answer if we change the word poetry to songs.
I sing when I feel good. When I sing my favorite songs, I feel better. Sometimes when I am listening to music and to the song words, I feel that it was written for me. A good song always makes me feel something. There are songs that I sing in my head between classes and songs that I want to sing when the school bell rings by the end of the day. They help me get through the day.
They are like bright and warm colours in the middle of greys and shades. I like songs about love and friendship. The extraordinary thing is, my feelings are more special when I sing my favorite songs in English.
I also like reading. I used to avoid poetry until an e-pal told me I should recite poems and not look up the meaning of the words. Poetry uses many difficult words and idioms, but the best thing is to just forget about them. In the beginning I felt quite strange. Now I always lock the door. Reading aloud gives you a strange feeling, but when you have some practice and fall into the rhythm, the rhyme and the sounds of the words, it is really a special experience.
I started with small poems, but now I think I most like long poems. I have different feelings with different poems. When I have had a bad day at school, I read Keats and forget everything. When I am sad I read Wordsworth by the light of candle. When the poem is finished, I close the book and my sadness is gone.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。好的诗歌可以带给我们快乐，朗诵它们更会使我们心情愉悦。
5．I like song words because ________．( )
A．they are bright
B．they are colorful
C．they are greedy
D．my feelings given by them are more special
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“my feelings are more special when I sing my favorite songs in English”可知。
6．From Paragraph 4，we can learn ________．( )
A．we should read poems aloud
B．poems are strange
C．poems are difficult to understand
D．I am special
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者建议我们大声朗读诗歌，才能更好地体会诗歌的韵味。
7．What's the main idea of the passage？( )
A．We should read poems with doors closed.
B．We should first sing songs then read poems.
C．Reading poems can bring people pleasure just like singing a song.
D．We should first read short poems then long ones.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。好的诗歌可以带给我们快乐，朗诵它们更会使我们心情愉悦。
8．From the passage, we can infer that ________．( )
A．the writer used to like poetry very much
B．songs and poems are the same
C．the writer fell in love with poems as soon as e-pal told him something
D．now reading poems is part of the writer's life
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段内容可知，作者喜欢阅读，常常大声朗诵诗歌，并且读诗使自己心情愉快。
C
You rush through a crowded railway station, tripping over bags, with your coffee flying out, only to have the doors slide shut in your face, leaving you breathless on the platform (站台) as the train pulls away.
But at least if you're in France, someone may be playing the piano for you. But it won't be performed by a paid musician, or even a street entertainer playing for coins. It will just be an unplanned passer-by, jamming for the fun of it on one of the pianos that the national railroad company, S. N. C. F．， has fixed in nearly 100 stations across France. They are free for anyone to play, and travelers from all walks of life have taken to doing just that.
Gares & Connexions, the S. N. C. F. division that manages its stations, rents the instruments from the producer, Yamaha: which keeps them in good repair and adjusts their tunes (音调) every month or two. The first one was set up in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris in 2012.
The music, mixed with the sounds of shouting passengers, screaming trains and rolling suitcases, gives French stations a special soundscape. The amateur musicians have included Irish soccer fans and even babies. In 2014, Gares & Connexions and Yamaha organized a nationwide contest called Your Turn to Play, asking participants (参与者) to submit videos of themselves using one of the pianos. It drew nearly 900 entries.
Isn't the railroad company taking a big chance Apparently not: “None of the instruments has been vandalized to this day, or even only damaged，” said Claire Foumon, a spokeswoman for Gares & Connexions. “They are shared and respected by all.”
So if you miss a train in Paris; Bordeaux or Marseille one day, perhaps someone will be playing a favorite piece that will ease your pain. Or perhaps you'll sit down and play your anger and displeasure away yourself.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述法国铁路公司与雅马哈合作，在法国近一百个火车站放置钢琴，供旅客弹奏，以缓解他们匆忙的心情。
9．Why did Gares & Connexions fix pianos in railway stations？( )
A．To advertise Yamaha's products.
B．To make stations more attractive.
C．To let travelers have a relaxing trip.
D．To help street artists make a living.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知旅客乘车是很匆忙的，以及第二段第三句可知，它只是一个随意的路人，为了好玩，在法国国家铁路公司S. N. C. F．已经在法国全国近100个车站安装了一架钢琴。可知是为了让旅客有个放松的旅途。故选C。
10．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？( )
A．The contest has proved a hit.
B．The pianos are very popular.
C．Railway stations are crowded.
D．Everyone can be an amateur musician.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段第二句和“It drew nearly 900 entries.”可知，行人很喜欢放置在火车站的钢琴，很多人都去演奏过，同时与钢琴有关的比赛也深受欢迎。由此可知大家喜欢这个创意。故选A。
11．What does the underlined word “vandalized” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？( )
A．Selected carefully. B．Checked regularly.
C．Reserved in advance. D．Destroyed on purpose.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段的第二句可知，迄今为止，这些仪器都没有遭到破坏，甚至只是损坏。相反“They are shared and respected by all”人们很爱惜钢琴，也不据为己有。通过前后的逻辑关系。可知钢琴没有被人破坏。故选D。
12．What would be the best title for the text？( )
A．Miss a train yet catch a tune
B．A soundscape in the memory
C．The role of piano in French life
D．An amazing train with a piano bar
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知，你冲进拥挤的火车站，被袋子绊倒，咖啡飞出来，结果车门滑到你脸上，让你在站台上喘不过气来。由此可知，很多乘客总是很匆忙，会错过火车，以及后文，但是铁路公司通过在车站放置钢琴供演奏和倾听，能够缓解焦虑，很受大家欢迎。可知“误了火车但是能听到曲子”符合题意。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Every day we use energy. We use it for cooking, for heating and for lighting our cities. The energy comes from many different 1.________ (source). It can come from the sun, wind and water, but the energy we depend on the most comes from deep inside the Earth. These include coal, oil, and natural gas.
sources
These fuels come from the remains of plants and animals. It takes millions of years 2.________ (make) them. However, with the world's population 3.________ (grow), more and more of these fuels are dug up from the ground. Yet these fuels are non-renewable. When they 4.________ (use) up, they will be gone forever.
We need to have a strong sense of 5.___________ (responsible) and it's high time we should think about 6.________ we can help save energy and preserve these fuels.
to make
growing
are used
responsibility
how
What about turning off anything 7.________ (electricity) we are not using That's a start! We can also recycle things such as newspapers, cans, bottles, and plastic—including plastic bags. Plastic bags start out as either oil 8.________ coal, and one big city can use millions of plastic bags in a year, When we use recycled things, it takes less energy 9.________ making something new.
Cars consume a lot of fuel, but there 10.________ (be) a variety of measures that car owners can take to preserve fuel. Try asking your family whether we can take a bus or walk instead of using the car.
electrical
or
than
are
【语篇解读】 本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类所依赖的燃料是不可再生的，人们应该采取措施节约能源，节约燃料。
1．解析：考查名词。能量来自许多不同的渠道。空前different是形容词，表示“不同的”，后接可数名词的复数形式，source是可数名词，复数形式为sources。
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：制造它们需要数百万年的时间。It takes some time to do sth.表示“做某事花费……时间”，It是形式主语，空处应用不定式作真正的主语。
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。然而，随着世界人口的增长，越来越多的燃料从地下被挖掘出来。分析句子，空处是非谓语动词，grow与逻辑主语the world's population之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
4．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当它们被用完时，它们将永远消失。when引导时间状语从句时，主句使用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来，use与主语they之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是they，be动词应用are。
5．解析：考查名词。句意：我们需要有强烈的责任感，现在是我们思考如何帮助节约能源和保护这些燃料的时候了。a sense of responsibility为固定结构，表示“责任感”。
6．解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子，空处引导从句，作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用how引导从句。
7．解析：考查形容词。句意：关掉我们不用的电器怎么样？空处作定语修饰anything，anything是不定代词，形容词作后置定语，electrical是形容词，表示“用电的”。故填electrical。
8．解析：考查连词。句意：塑料袋或者从石油而来或者从煤炭而来，一个大城市一年可以使用数百万个塑料袋。either...or...为同定搭配，表示“或者……，或者……”，表示两者之一。
9．解析：考查介词。句意：当我们使用回收的东西时，它比制造新的东西花费更少的能量。结合语境，空处表示“比”，应用介词than。
10．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汽车消耗大量燃料，但车主可以采取多种措施来保存燃料。根据句中consume使用原形形式可知，句子使用一般现在时，there be句型中，be动词要和它后面的主语保持一致，a variety of measures是复数，所以be动词应用are。Section C Extended reading & Project & Further study
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
2．____________ vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到
n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突
3．____________ vt. 培养；助长；抚养，滋养
4．____________ n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣
vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
5．____________ n. 暗喻，隐喻
6．____________ vt. (过去式________________，过去分词______________)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色
n. 全体演员；投，抛
7．____________ vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)
8．____________ n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
9．____________ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
10．____________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．dweller n．________→dwell vi.________→ dwelling n．________
2．________ adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的→________ vt.(过去式________，过去分词________)碰撞；打，击；给(某人以……)印象
3．________ (also________)vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→________ n．品质，性格，特点
4．Confucianism n.________→Confucius n．________
5．Taoism n．________→Taoist n．________
6．________ n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物→________ adj.传奇的；非常著名的
7．________ adj.众多的，许多的→________ n．数，数字，数目，号码
8．________ adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→________ n．光荣，荣誉；壮丽
9．________ n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→________ adj.稳定的，稳固的；稳重的
10．________ adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→________ vt.容忍，忍受→________________________．.. 对……容忍，能耐……的
11．________ n．自由(自己选择生活方式而不受政府或权威的过多限制)→________ adj.自由的，开明的
12．________ adj.不受约束的，自由的→________ vt.强迫；限制，约束
13．________ n．生命力，活力，热情→________ adj.生命的；充满生机的；必不可少的，极重要的
14．________ vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→________ adj.著名的，杰出的
15．exaggeration n．________→exaggerate vt. & vi.________
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 伸手去够
2．________________ 以免，唯恐
3．________________ 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成
4．________________ 使自己/某人熟悉某物
5．________________ 植根于
6．________________ 对……印象深刻
7．________________ 使A有别于B；把A与B区分开
8．________________ 代表……的
9．________________ 被公认为……
10．________________ 被……所吸引
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context ____________________________________．
2．同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
____________________________________， which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What is the purpose of the poem A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple
A．To ask readers to enjoy it.
B．To compare it with other poems.
C．To introduce Li Bai.
D．To introduce Tang poems.
2．What made Li Bai familiar with classical Chinese culture and acquire the wisdom of previous generations
A．All kinds of books he read.
B．All activities he took part in.
C．The society he lived in.
D．His travelling experiences.
3．What made Li Bai different from other landscape poets
A．His free expression of strong feelings.
B．His extraordinary talent.
C．His inspiration from nature.
D．The influence from Qu Yuan.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It is believed that A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple 1.________ (write) by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking imagination, this early poem showed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize his poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling contributed a lot 2.________ his romantic style. By 3.________ (read) all kinds of books, he got familiar with classical Chinese culture and 4.________ (acquire) the wisdom of previous generations. Li Bai's travel around the country nourished his love of nature and inspired him 5.________ (write) romantic poems. In addition, Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, 6.________ allowed Li Bai to develop 7.________ free and unconstrained personality. Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is easy to see that most of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style.
All in all, with his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong 8.________ (feeling) and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the 9.________ (great) romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Li Bai's poetry inspires generations of poets both at home 10.________ abroad and is enjoyed by countless readers.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
Li Bai and his romantic poetry
A hundred feet the temple towers；
I can reach out for① the stars in the sky.
But I dare② not speak in a voice loud，
For fear of③ scaring dwellers④ on high.
(“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”)
It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking⑤ imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”， this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize⑥ Li Bai's poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to⑦ his romantic style. He started studying the classics when he was only five years old, and was reading ancient philosophers⑧ of different schools at the age of ten, including⑨ Confucianism⑩ and Taoism . By reading books of all kinds, from legends to historical stories, he familiarized himself with classical Chinese culture, and more importantly, he acquired the wisdom of previous generations.
Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel[1], Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties . His footsteps covered almost the whole country. During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, encountering different customs and practices. These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous poems in the romantic style.
[1]过去分词短语作原因状语
Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived. Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social stability [2]. This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality, which, in turn ， had a huge impact on his poetic production.
[2]同位语，补充说明the Tang Dynasty
Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poet's rich imagination. The moon and stars in the sky, the natural landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination. Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. These features are inseparable from Li Bai's wide use of exaggeration ， metaphor and other artistic techniques. The poem below, written in his fifties[3], is representative of his romantic style：
[3]过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the poem
My silver hair is three thousand feet long.
Because my sorrow is deep and strong.
How can the autumn frost white
Be cast into the mirror bright
(“Autumn Frost”)
With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems. One such poet is Ezra Pound, a 20th-century American poet. He was fascinated by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay. Today Li Bai's poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world.
[词汇注释]
①reach out for伸手去够
②dare/de (r)/vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
※dare not (daren't) do不敢做……
③for fear of以免，唯恐
④dweller/'dwel (r)/n.居民，居住者
⑤striking/'stra k /adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的
⑥characterize/'k r kt ra z/
(also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画
⑦contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成
⑧philosopher n．哲学家，贤哲
⑨including sth.＝sth. included
包括某物
⑩Confucianism/k n'fju n z m/n.儒家，儒学，孔子学说
Taoism/'ta z m；'da z m/n.道教，道家
legend/'led nd/n.传说，传奇故事；传奇人物
familiarize oneself/sb. with sth.
使自己/某人熟悉某物
acquire vt.获得，得到
a desire for sth.对某物的渴望
in one's early twenties
在某人二十岁出头时
cover v．盖；覆盖；涉及
encounter/ n'ka nt (r)/vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突
※have an encounter with与……相遇
nourish/'n r /vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
numerous/'nju m r s/adj.众多的，许多的
be rooted in根源于，植根于
grow up长大成人
glorious/'gl ri s/adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的
boom/bu m/n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
stability/st 'b l ti/n.稳定(性)，稳固(性)
tolerant/'t l r nt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的
※be tolerant of/towards
对……宽容/容忍的
liberty/'l b ti/n.自由
※at liberty to do sth.
有权做……；有做……的自由
unconstrained/ nk n'stren nd/adj.
不受约束的，自由的
in turn相应地，转而；依次地，轮流地
given prep.考虑到；鉴于
fail to do sth.未能做某事
be impressed by对……印象深刻
vehicle n．媒介，工具，手段；交通工具
vitality/va 't l ti/n.生命力，活力，热情
※breathe vitality into sth.
给……注入活力
distinguish/d 'st gw /vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众
※distinguish A from B使A有别于B；把A与B区分开
be inseparable from
与……不可分离的/分不开的
exaggeration/ g z d 're n/n.夸张，夸大
metaphor/'met f (r)/n.暗喻，隐喻
representative/ repr 'zent t v/adj.
典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表
※be representative of代表……
frost/fr st/n.霜；霜冻，严寒天气
cast/kɑ st/vt. (cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛
mastery n．精通；熟练掌握
※the mastery of对……的熟练掌握
be recognized as被公认为……
owe/ /vt.欠(情)；欠(债)
※owe sb. sth.欠某人某物
debt/det/n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
inspirational adj.启发灵感的；鼓舞人心的
fascinate/'f s ne t/vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住
※be fascinated by被……所吸引
entitle/ n'ta tl/vt. (usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
[汉语译文]
李白及其浪漫主义诗歌
危楼高百尺，
手可摘星辰。
不敢高声语，
恐惊天上人。
(《夜宿山寺》)
相传此诗为李白少年时所作。在这首早期作品中，“恐惊天上人”等诗句想象奇绝，已经展现出一种浪漫主义风格，这一风格后来成为李白诗歌的特色。
李白的浪漫主义风格与其自幼喜读书、好游历不无关联。他五岁就诵读经典，十岁读儒道等诸子百家的著作。他博览群书，从传奇故事到历史典故无所不窥，从而对古代经典文化谙熟于心，更重要的是，他从中汲取了先贤们的智慧。
在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，他二十几岁便离家周游，足迹几乎遍及海内。他一路寻访名山大川，见识各地文化风俗。这些旅途见闻培养了他对自然的热爱，也让他诗兴大发，写下了无数浪漫主义的作品。
李白的浪漫主义风格亦源于他所处的社会历史环境。他成长于经济繁荣、国家安定的盛唐。这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。
有如此的个人阅历和历史背景，李白多数作品皆富浪漫主义色彩就不足为奇了。哪怕再没有文化的读者，也会为诗人丰富的想象力所折服。天上星月、自然景观、传奇人物，他都可借以发挥想象力。同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。这些特征也离不开他对夸张、比喻等艺术手法的广泛运用。下面这首诗是他五十多岁时所作，是其浪漫主义风格的集中体现：
白发三千丈，
缘愁似个长。
不知明镜里，
何处得秋霜？
(《秋浦歌》)
超尘脱俗的想象，强烈情感的自由抒发，以及对语言的精通，使李白被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。他的诗篇滋养着中国乃至海外一代又一代诗人。其中一位便是20世纪美国诗人埃兹拉·庞德。他倾慕李白的诗，选译了多首收入他1915年出版的诗歌集《华夏集》中。时至今日，李白的诗歌仍然为世界各地无数读者所喜爱。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)dare vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
①dare用作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句、条件句或whether引导的从句。
dare not (daren't) do 不敢做……
Dare I/you/he... 我/你(们)/他敢……吗？
How dare you... 你竟敢……？
I dare say... 我想……；我敢说……
Dare you tell her the truth？你敢告诉她真相吗？
—Dare you catch the mouse？你敢抓那只老鼠吗？
—I daren't do that.我不敢抓。
How dare she do the thing like that to me
她怎么敢对我做那种事？
I daren't ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。
If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you.
如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。
②dare用作实义动词时，其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带to，且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。
dare (to) do 敢做……
don't/doesn't dare (to) do 不敢做……
I dare (to) jump down from the top of the wall.
我敢从那个墙头上跳下来。
She doesn't dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes.
她不敢与老师对视。
I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.
我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
Did he dare (to) tell her？他敢告诉她吗？
We don't dare (to) say anything.我们什么也不敢说。
I've never dared (to) ask her.我从来不敢问她。
③dare的过去式问题
dare用作情态动词时可以有过去式dared，也可以直接用dare表示过去式。
That was why he dare(d) do so.那就是他敢这样做的原因。
Mother dare(d) not tell Father she'd given away his old jacket.
母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。
名师点津
①dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
②dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形。
③有类似用法的词还有need。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I dare not ____________ (look) my father in the eye when he is angry.
②Afraid of being beaten by my father，I dared not ____________ (go) back home after school.
③Dare you ____________ (enter) the dark house at night
④He didn't dare ____________ (tell) her what had happened in case she felt sad.
⑤He ____________ (dare) me to jump into the pool.
⑥I ____________ (dare) say it's true.
⑦你怎么敢说这种事？
____________________________________________________________
2)striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)(灾难或疾病)侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴) vt.打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象)
(1)a striking feature 显著的特征
a dark man with striking features
一名相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子
a striking contrast between wealth and poverty
显著的贫富差异
It is striking that... 显然……
(2)be struck by 被……撞击/打动
be struck by lightning 被闪电击中
strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位
击打某人的……(不可用物主代词代替the)
strike sb.in the face/on the head
打某人的脸/头
某人突然想到……
(＝It hit/occurred to sb. that...)
(3)strike the hour 整点报时
strike a match 划火柴
earthquake-stricken areas 地震灾区
poverty-stricken families 贫困家庭
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I began using a smartphone. 自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加引人注目。
He's good-looking, but he's not as striking as his brother.
他长得很帅，但他不像他哥哥那样引人注目。
It is striking that no research on the problem is occurring.
显然没有针对该问题进行的研究。
The ship struck a rock.船触礁了。
The tree was struck by lightning.这棵树遭到了雷击。
The stone struck her on the forehead.石头击中了她的额头。
The clock has just struck three.时钟刚刚敲过三点。
It struck me that/hit me that/occurred to me that the band which I adored would perform at the Silver Palace the next day.
我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在银宫演出。
语境助记
These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours．
这些雕塑被描绘成色彩鲜明的彩虹。
即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译/单句写作
①There's a ____________ (strike) contrast between what he does and what he says.
②It was ____________ (strike) that the public were even more concerned about the climate change.
③What ____________ (strike) me most was the beauty of the West Lake.
④She was so angry as to strike him ____________ the face.
⑤他打我的头。
He struck me ____________ the head.
＝He struck ____________ head.
⑥趁热打铁。
_______________________________
⑦他抓住我的胳膊。
_______________________________
⑧时钟敲了12下。
_______________________________
3)contribute to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；有助于，导致)
(1)contribute to the Red Cross 向红十字会捐款
contribute to a literary journal 向一个文学刊物投稿
(2)contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
contribute money to the flood-stricken area
向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 给该杂志投稿
(3)contribution n. 贡献；捐款，捐献物；稿件
Would you like to contribute to our collection
你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
We contributed ￡ 5，000 to the earthquake fund.
我们向地震基金会捐赠了5 000英镑。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了一些文章。
He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
他对这个项目的成功贡献良多。
It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。
联想拓展
“导致，引起”的多种表达：
cause; result in; bring about; lead to
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I believe that each of us can contribute ____________ the future of the world.
②Learning to relax by whichever method suits you best is a positive way of ____________ (contribute) to your overall good health.
③In what ways do you think you can make a ____________ (contribute) to our company
④Economists have made important ____________ (contribute) to the field of financial and corporate economics.
4)familiarize oneself with 使自己熟悉/了解/通晓……)
(1)familiarize sb. with sth. 使某人熟悉/了解/通晓某物
familiarize new employees with office procedures
使新员工熟悉办公程序
familiarize students with good literature
使学生熟悉好的文学作品
familiarize myself with the subject
使我自己熟悉这一学科
(2)familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的
be familiar with... (人)对……熟悉
be familiar to sb. (物)对某人来说熟悉/为……熟知
(3)familiarity n. 熟悉，通晓
We spent a few minutes familiarizing ourselves with the day's schedule.
我们花了几分钟来熟悉当天的日程安排。
The goal of the experiment was to familiarize the people with the new laws.
该实验的目的是使人们熟悉新的规章。
The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
住在面包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。
Are you familiar with the computer software they use
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
他谈起其他文化就好像它们对于他来说比他自己的文化还熟悉。
语境助记
We are all familiar with the professor, who has familiarized himself with the language of this country in half a year, and his familiarity with the culture of this country will help his work a lot.
我们都熟悉这位教授，他用了半年的时间熟悉了这个国家的语言，并且他熟悉这个国家的文化将对他的工作有很大帮助。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①On arriving there, you should try to familiarize yourself ____________ local conditions and laws.
②With the final examination drawing near, we must ____________ (familiar) ourselves with it from now on.
③I use Christmas as an example because it is familiar ____________ most readers.
④The theme park you are probably most familiar ____________ is Disneyland.
⑤She addressed me with an easy ____________ (familiar) that made me feel at home.
5)encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突)
(1)encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
encounter an old friend 遇到一位老朋友
(2)a chance encounter 偶然相遇
a close encounter with... 与……近距离的相遇/接触
have an encounter with 与……相遇
She happened, while she was thus engaged, to encounter the face of the man on deck.
在她这样忙着的时候，偶然碰到在舱面上那个男人的面孔。
They encountered serious problems when two members of the team were injured.
当两名队员受伤时，他们遇到了严重的问题。
Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear.
充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了一些熊的照片。
I had a frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.
我曾遇到过一条毒蛇，吓得我要命。
拓展
come across偶然遇到；偶然发现
run into sb.偶然遇见某人，碰到某人
联想拓展
①表示“偶然遇见，碰见”的短语有：come across, run across, run into。
Perhaps I shall come across my old friend in France.
也许我会在法国碰见我的老朋友。
②表示“遇到(困难)”的短语有：run into, meet with。
The company ran into financial difficulties almost immediately.
公司几乎立刻就陷入了财务困境。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I ____________ (encounter) many difficulties when I first started this job.
②His first encounter ____________ Wilson was back in 2021.
③Bernstein began training the young musician after ____________ chance encounter at a concert.
6)tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 tolerate vt.忍受 tolerance n．宽容，容忍)
be tolerant towards/to 对……宽容
be tolerant of sth. 对……容忍；能耐……的
a tolerant society 宽容的社会
trees that are tolerant of sea winds 耐海风的树木
have tolerance of/for 对……宽容/容忍
tolerance to sth. 对某事物的忍耐力
tolerance to cold 耐寒力
tolerate (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事
He has a very tolerant attitude towards other opposing ideas.
他对其他反对的观点持非常宽容的态度。
They need to be tolerant of different points of view.
他们需要容忍不同的观点。
The plants are tolerant of drought.这些植物耐旱。
They don't have the best service, but I can tolerate it because I love their food.
他们的服务不是最好的，但我能忍受，因为我喜欢他们的食物。
I can't tolerate lying，as is known to you.你知道，我不能容忍说谎。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Luckily, my parents were tolerant ____________ my choice of music.
②I won't tolerate ____________ (lie) to me.
③My ____________ (tolerant) of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.
④她的父母十分宽容，但她有时也让他们忍无可忍。
Her parents are very ______________________， but sometimes she pushes them too far.
7)distinguish vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众)
(1)distinguish...from... 使……有别于……；区分……与……
distinguish between...and... 把……和……区分开来
distinguish oneself 使自己出众/扬名/受人青睐
distinguish oneself as 作为……而出众/扬名/著名
(2)distinguished adj. 有尊严的，高贵的；卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for
(＝be famous/well-known for) 因……而著称；以……而出众
be distinguished as
(＝be famous/well-known as) 作为……而著名
Speech distinguishes human beings from the other animals.
言语能力将人类与其他动物区别开来。
We should distinguish between good and evil.我们应分清善恶。
Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading history scholar.
在随后的几年中，他作为历史学的权威学者而享有盛誉。
He was the most distinguished scholar in this field.
他是这一领域最为著名的学者。
He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
他因他的经济学知识而出众。
语境助记
This task's interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
这项任务的互相依赖使棒球与足球和篮球不同。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a ____________ (distinguish) writer.
②The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right ________ wrong.
③Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing ____________ areas of light and dark.
8)representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表)
(1)be representative of 代表……
a representative of ……的代表
a representative of the UN 联合国代表
an elected representative of the people 民选代表
a union representative 工会代表
(2)represent v. 描绘；象征；代表
represent...as... 把……描述成……
The exhibition is representative of modern art.
这个展出代表了现代艺术。
Beijing Opera is the most representative of traditional Chinese dramatic art forms and the most influential Chinese opera form.
京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏剧艺术形式，也是中国最具影响力的戏曲形式。
They will meet with representatives from industry and the government next Tuesday.
下周二他们将与产业界和政府的代表会面。
I have been selected to represent my school to participate in the debate.我被选出来代表学校参加辩论。
The article represents the millionaire as a simple family man.
这篇文章把这位百万富翁描述成一个简朴的居家男人。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He is a ____________ (represent) for a large international company.
②He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as ____________ representative.
③All shops are visited regularly by one of our sales ____________ (representative).
④The painting is not representative ____________ his works of the period.
⑤Paintings ____________ (represent) religious themes were common in earlier times.
⑥New York ____________ (represent) everything that's great about America.
⑦The popular press tends to represent him ____________ an environmental leader.
9)cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛)
cast a shadow over/on sth. 给某事物蒙上了一层阴影；向……投下一片阴影
cast light on/upon 使……真相大白
cast doubt(s) on/upon sth. 对某事产生怀疑
cast a vote 投票
cast a net 撒网
cast sb. as... 选定某人扮演
be cast down 沮丧；不愉快
members of the cast 剧组成员
cast aside 抛弃，丢弃
a cast list 演员表
cast off 解缆；丢弃，抛弃
The bad news cast a shadow over us.
这个坏消息给我们蒙上了一层阴影。
The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct.
恐龙骨骼的发现使它们灭绝的原因真相大白。
New evidence has cast doubt on the sentence.
新的证据使人对判决产生了怀疑。
The fisherman cast his net into the water.渔夫把网撒到水里。
To my surprise, the director has cast me as a scientist.
令我惊讶的是，导演选定我扮演一位科学家。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
人们不仅自己在网上投票，还力劝别人为“最美教师”和“最萌宝宝”这样的比赛投票。
特别提示
当cast意为“全体演员”且作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，若强调整体中的每一个成员都……，谓语动词用复数。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moon cast a bright light ____________ the garden.
②People complained about the shadows ____________ (cast) by the new skyscraper.
③A researcher has now cast light ____________ the mystery of why the animals die.
④However, the new results cast doubt ____________ both explanations.
⑤她远离了以前的朋友，开始了全新的生活。
She ______________________ her former friends and started a new life.
10)blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责)
(1)blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
be to blame for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任
(2)take/bear/accept the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把(某事的)责任归咎于/推到某人身上
警示：be to blame是不定式的主动形式表被动意义
Don't blame him for breaking that vase；after all，he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
He was to blame for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
他应该对事故负责，因为他开车逆行了。
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people blame the smartphone ________ the tragedy, yet in fact people's weak self-control and self-discipline are ________ (blame).
②Don't always blame your own failure ____________ others. You should take the blame ____________ it.
③____________ (blame) for the accident, the driver couldn't get away with it.
④Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ____________ the alarm clock.
⑤他因这次巨大的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。
He ______________________ the big mistake，but he __________________ others.
11)glorious adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 glory n．[U]光荣，荣誉；[C]辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事)
(1)a glorious victory 辉煌的胜利
a glorious chapter in our country's history
我国历史上光辉的一页
a glorious sunset 瑰丽的晚霞
(2)win glory for 为……赢得荣誉
for the glory of 为了……的荣誉
moment of glory 荣耀的时刻
past/former glory 昔日的辉煌
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is a glorious piece of music.
贝多芬的《第九交响曲》是一首辉煌的乐曲。
He had a long and glorious military career.
他有漫长而光荣的军旅生涯。
即学即练 完成句子
①为了给祖国争光，运动员们正在刻苦训练。
The athletes are training hard to ________________ their homeland.
②为了学校的荣誉，他参加了比赛。
He took part in the competition ________________ his school.
12)make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到(＝allow for) allowance n．津贴，补助；限额；零花钱)
(1)make allowance(s) for extra staff when needed
必要时考虑增派员工
(2)an allowance of $20 a day 每天20美元补贴
a clothing/living/travel allowance 服装/生活/交通补贴
a baggage allowance of 20 kilos 行李限重20千克
give sb. allowance of $ 30 a month 每月给某人30美元零花钱
make an allowance of...for sth. 为……留有……余地/为……打……折扣
Dad is under pressure—you have to make allowance for him.
爸爸有压力——你得体谅他。
The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates.
这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。
The store makes an allowance of 5% for cash payment
本店为付现款者留有5%的折扣。/本店现款打九五折。
即学即练 完成句子
①你如果有资格领取疾病津贴，必须向雇主申请索要。
If you are entitled to ________________， you must claim it from your employer.
②店主同意付款打九折。
The shopowner ____________________________.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived. 李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
[句式分析] 本句是复合句。句中in which he lived是“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰the social and historical context。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语，若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，此结构中的关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)，which(先行词指物)和whose(表示所属关系，先行词既可指人也可指物)。
The official to whom we applied for a permit was very kind.
我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。
Have you found the book on which I spent ￡10
你找到那本我花10英镑买的书了吗？
Our English teacher，with whose help we have made great progress in English，has completed thirty years of teaching.
我们的英语老师完成了三十年的教学，在他的帮助下，我们的英语取得了很大的进步。
(2)介词的选择依据：一是根据定语从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配，二是根据先行词与定语从句中动词的关系以及所表达的含义。
a．根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，该谓语动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help).
在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.(shake hands with sb.)
你刚才握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。
b．根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，该形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)
卡尔·马克思不确定的两样东西是语法和一些习语。
特别提示
(1)根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
I'll never forget the day on which (＝when) I joined the army.
我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。
The factory in which (＝where) his father works is far away from my hometown.
他父亲工作的工厂离我的家乡很远。
I don't know the reason for which (＝why) he was late.
我不知道他迟到的原因。
(2)根据句子的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的飞行员。
名师点津
在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The English play in ____________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
②This is the student for ____________ I bought the book.
③A harvester is a machine with ____________ we harvest crops.
④I don't think the number of people ____________ whom this happens is very large.
⑤The man, ____________ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
⑥This is the reason ____________ which he was late for school.
⑦The man ____________ whom the wolf was shot is a good hunter.
⑧We have many labs, the largest of ____________ was built last year.
⑨He mentioned a book, __________ title I have forgotten.
⑩Those foreign teachers, most of ____________ have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much.
2)(教材原句)Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
[句式分析] 本句是复合句。主句Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings是完全倒装句，属于表语位于句首的完全倒装，这也是为了使句子紧凑，避免头重脚轻，因为主句后面是两个which引导的定语从句修饰主句中的主语Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings.
表语提前引起的完全倒装
有时为了强调表语，需要将表语置于句首，句子完全倒装，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”，表语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。
Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。
Hidden in a tiny cabinet were four Mother's Day poems I'd written for her in the 1960s.
在一个小柜子里，藏着四首我在20世纪60年代为她写的母亲节诗。
Attending the opening ceremony of the Expo was the President，where he announced new measures to further expand opening-up.
主席出席了博览会开幕式，宣布了进一步扩大开放的新举措。
On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调，等着用船运到其他城市去。
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ (amaze) were all the guests present when the clown appeared on the stage.
②____________ (stand) inside were many young people who were out of job recently.
③他们随心所欲的日子一去不复返了。
____________________________ when they could do what they liked.
④在这些货物中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
____________________________ Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
⑤窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
____________________________ a young man with a magazine in his hand.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There was something, ____________ (胆敢) I say it, a little unusual about him.
2．In ____________ (显著的) contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and adorable.
3．This election campaign has been ____________ (是……的特征) by violence.
4．Every day of our lives we ____________ (遭遇) major and minor sorrows of one kind or another.
5．This paper introduces a practical technique of enhancing accuracy and ____________ (稳定性).
6．We believe that students of enthusiastic schools will have more ____________ (宽容的) attitudes.
7．Banks will go from being ____________ (不受约束的) by their balance sheets to being caged by them.
8．It is reasonable to expect our television programmes to be more ____________ (代表) of Chinese society.
9．Ten degrees of ____________ (霜) had frozen the lock on the car.
10．The setting sun ____________ (投射) an orange glow over the mountains this morning.
11．I ____________ (归功于) the recovery of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.
12．A loan was arranged to pay back existing ____________ (债务).
13．It was a dessert that had ____________ (深深吸引) him since he was a boy.
14．We guarantee that our experience in foreign trade and marketing will ____________ (使享有权利) us to your confidence.
15．Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of ______________ (指责).
Ⅱ.短语填空
familiarize...with, be representative of, a chance encounter with, be fascinated by, be tolerant of, at liberty, contribute to, be rooted in, distinguish between...and..., run into
1．I am sure that this meeting will apparently ____________ the development of peace and security all over the world.
2．The goal of the lecture was to ________ the people ________ the new perspective.
3．I had ____________ a legend from India this morning in the gallery.
4．It's worth asking whether that image ____________ reality.
5．He ____________ different perspectives and regions.
6．You are ____________ to employ my cycle, but you should keep it in good condition.
7．He could no longer ________ illusion ________ reality.
8．The exact perspectives vary, but this post by Eli Dourado ____________ the crowds.
9．We'll ____________ debt if you spend apparently more than our income.
10．Although it is raw material, people ____________ it.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Both companies have characterized the relationship ____________ pleasant.
2．You'll need time to familiarize yourself ____________ the local surroundings.
3．She was the most remarkable woman he had ever __________ (encounter).
4．His analysis was rooted ____________ a somewhat subjective reading of Austrian history.
5．The award of the Nobel Prize has crowned a ____________ (glory) career in physics.
6．China has contributed to the ____________ (stable) and balance of global economic development.
7．There is lowered pain ____________ (tolerant), lowered resistance to infection.
8．She has a powerful and ____________ (constrained) emotion.
9．It is apparent that learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish right ____________ wrong.
10．The movie directed by a famous director ____________ (cast) in a distant rural area at present.
11．It's ____________ (fascinate) to see how different people overcome the difficulties.
12．I do not blame them for ____________ (try) to make some extraordinary money.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．这个计划被放弃了，因为它没有考虑到没有自行车的学生。
The plan was abandoned because ______________________. (allowance)
2．我在爬树时摔了下来，胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。
When climbing the tree I fell down and got my arm hurt, ________________________. (dare)
3．理性消费，这样你就不会负债。
Make rational spending choices so that you won't ________________________. (debt)
4．尤其受欢迎的是游泳，这可能是最好的全身运动方式。
________________________，which is probably the best all-round exercise.(表语前置引起的倒装)
5．他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。
He had a vision of a world ______________________________．
Section C Extended reading & Project & Further study
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．dare 2.encounter 3.nourish 4.boom 5.metaphor
6．cast; cast; cast 7.owe 8.debt 9.entitle 10.blame
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．居民，居住者； 居住，栖身； 住所，住宅 2.striking; strike; struck; struck 3.characterize; characterise; character
4．儒家，儒学，孔子学说； 孔子 5.道教，道家； 道士，道教徒
6．legend; legendary 7.numerous; number 8.glorious; glory 9.stability; stable 10.tolerant; tolerate; be tolerant of 11.liberty; liberal 12.unconstrained; constrain
13．vitality; vital 14.distinguish; distinguished 15.夸张，夸大； 夸张，夸大，言过其实
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．reach out for 2.for fear of 3.contribute to
4．familiarize oneself/sb. with sth. 5.be rooted in
6．be impressed by 7.distinguish A from B
8．be representative of 9.be recognized as
10．be fascinated by
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．in which he lived 2.Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．C 2.A 3.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．was written 2.to 3.reading 4.acquired 5.to write
6．which 7.a 8.feelings 9.greatest 10.and
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①look ②go ③enter ④(to) tell ⑤dares ⑥dare ⑦How dare you say such a thing
2．①striking ②striking ③struck ④in ⑤on; my ⑥Strike while the iron is hot. ⑦He caught me by the arm.
⑧The clock/It is striking twelve.
3．①to ②contributing ③contribution ④contributions
4．①with ②familiarize ③to ④with ⑤familiarity
5．①encountered ②with ③a
6．①of/to/towards ②lying ③tolerance ④tolerant
7．①distinguished ②from ③between
8．①representative ②a ③representatives ④of
⑤representing ⑥represents ⑦as
9．①over/on ②cast ③on/upon ④on/upon ⑤cast off
10．①for; to blame ②on; for ③Blamed ④on ⑤was blamed for; blamed it on
11．①win glory for ②for the glory of
12．①sickness allowance ②makes allowance of 10% for cash payment
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①which ②whom ③which ④to ⑤from ⑥for ⑦by
⑧which ⑨whose ⑩whom
2．①Amazed ②Standing ③Gone are the days ④Among the goods are ⑤By the window sat
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．dare 2.striking 3.characterized 4.encounter
5．stability 6.tolerant 7.liberty 8.representative 9.frost
10．cast 11.owe 12.debts 13.fascinated 14.entitle 15.blame
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．contribute to 2.familiarize; with 3.a chance encounter with
4．is rooted in 5.is tolerant of 6.at liberty 7.distinguish between; and 8.is representative of 9.run into 10.are fascinated by
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．as 2.with 3.encountered 4.in 5.glorious 6.stability
7．tolerance 8.unconstrained 9.from 10.is being cast 11.fascinating 12.trying
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1．it didn't make allowance for students without a bike
2．I dare not try again或I didn't dare (to) try again
3．go/get/run/fall into debt
4．Especially popular is swimming
5．in which there would be no wars
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