Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处
2．pixel n. ____________
3．____________ vt. 开始，发动
n. (通常指周领的)工资，工钱
4．____________ n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役
vt. & vi. 发起运动，参加活动
5．____________ n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒
vt. 为……干杯；烤；取暖
6．garlic n. ____________
7．mushroom n. ____________
8．____________ adj. 未经加工的，自然状态；生的，未烹制的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.(以光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→________ n．沐浴
2．________ n．建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学→________ n．建筑师
3．________ vt. & vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→________ n．整理，布置；安排，筹备
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 展览中
2．________________ 可以自由地利用/使用
3．________________ 只，只有，只是，仅仅
4．________________ 在社交媒体上发布
5．________________ 捡起，拾起，拿起
6．________________ 在……中起重要作用
7．________________ 一块烤面包片
8．________________ 分步骤操作指南
Ⅳ.重点句型
如今在博物馆中对手机的使用在持续增加，艺术专家担忧如何使人们真正欣赏艺术作品，而不是仅仅拍些照片或录些视频发布到社交媒体上。
Nowadays，the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about ____________________________________________________．
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)shade n.[U](图画中)阴影部分；[U](色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度；[U]阴影；阴凉处 ,vt.给……遮挡(光线))
(1)provide shade for the animals 为动物提供乘凉的地方
in the shade 在阴凉处
put...in the shade 使……相形见绌；使……黯淡无光
in the shade of a tree 在树荫下
(2)shade...from/against... 使……免受……的照射；给……遮挡……
He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.他走过乳白色的瀑布和深蓝色的群山。
The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees' flowers and fruit.
森林里的树荫为鸟类和依赖树上的花朵和果实生存的其他物种提供了家园。
We sat in the shade and ate our lunch.
我们坐在阴凉处吃午饭。
He slept in the shade of the trees.他在树荫下睡觉。
She shaded her eyes against/from the sun with her hand.
她用手遮住眼睛避免阳光照射。
词语辨析 shade和shadow
shade指树等物体遮挡阳光形成的阴凉之地，无一定的轮廓。
sit in the shade of a tree坐在树荫下
shadow指人或物在光照下形成的影像，有明显的轮廓，指“影子”。
see the shadow of the tree看到树的影子
即学即练 单句语法填空/选词填空
①The children played ____________ the shade of a large beach umbrella.
②The narrow road ____________ (shade) by tall and thick trees.
③The window ____________ was made of green cloth. (shade; shadow)
④The ____________ of evening are falling. (shades; shadows)
⑤The garden was in deep ____________. (shade; shadow)
2) bathe vt.(以光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗)
(1)be bathed in 被……笼罩；沐浴在……中
be bathed in light/sunshine 沐浴在阳光中
be bathed in sweat/tears 汗流浃背/泪流满面
bathe a wound 清洗伤口
(2)bath n. 沐浴，洗澡
take/have a bath 洗澡
联想：shower v. 冲淋浴
wash v. 洗
The sick boy bathed himself in sunlight.
这个生病的男孩在晒太阳。
Tian'anmen is bathed in morning sunshine.
天安门沐浴在朝阳的光辉中。
The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.
太阳开始在天空中升起，这使大山沐浴在了金色的阳光之中。
When parents bring home a pet dog, their child gladly bathes it and brushes its fur.
当父母带回家一只宠物狗时，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡、刷毛。
After a week of camping, I really needed a bath.
露营了一个星期，我实在得洗个澡了。
How often do you take a bath？你多久洗一次澡？
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moon bathed the countryside ____________ a silver light.
②Her mother ____________ (bathe) her and dressed her in clean clothes.
③I'll have ____________ bath and go to bed.
④我很累，汗流浃背。
I was tired and ____________________________________．
⑤海湾沐浴在阳光中，离海岸大约150米有一些划皮艇的人。
The bay was ________________ sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
3)wage vt.开始，发动 n．(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱)
(1)wage war on/against sb./sth. 发动对某人/某事的战争
wage a campaign/struggle/battle 发动一场运动/斗争/战役
(2)daily/weekly wage 每天的/每周的工资
a weekly wage of ￡200 周薪200英镑
a living wage 维持生活的工资
wage cuts 减薪
a wage increase/rise of 3% 3%的加薪
raise one's wages 提高某人的工资
He is always waging war among his classmates, which is really a hard thing.
他总是在同学中挑起战争，这真是件难事。
We must wage war against poverty.
我们必须向贫穷开战。
They've been waging a long campaign to change the law.
他们一直在发动改变这项法律的持久的运动。
In addition to my weekly wage，I got a lot of tips.
除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。
These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
这些人凭借他们的专业知识和技能得到能够维持生活的工资。
词语辨析
income, pay, salary与wage
income指收入、收益、所得
pay指工资、薪水
Have you got other income apart from your pay？除了工资还有其他收入吗？
salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
She's earning a good salary as an interpreter.她当口译的薪酬很高。
wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱
The average weekly wage is ￡350.
平均周薪是350英镑。
即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Why did that big country wage war ____________ the small one despite lacking resources
②How can you live on such ____________ low wage
③Bathed in sunshine, he told me proudly that he earned a good wage.
译：________________________________________________________________________
4)campaign n.(宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt. & vi.发起运动，参加活动)
(1)a national/nationwide campaign 全国性的运动
launch a campaign 发起一场运动
run/conduct/carry out a campaign 开展运动
a campaign for/against... 支持争取/反对……的运动
(2)campaign for/against... 参加(或发起)争取/反对……的运动
campaign to do sth. 开展做某事的运动
She will also launch a campaign for a charity that helps people suffering from unusual diseases.
她还将发起募捐活动，以帮助那些忍受异常疾病痛苦的人们。
Let's discuss advertising campaign for our company's products.
让我们来讨论有关我们公司产品的广告宣传活动。
Today the police began a campaign to reduce road accidents.
警方今天开展了一场减少道路交通事故的运动。
We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.
我们最近15年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。
Many schools are campaigning for reforming in education.许多学校正在举行教育改革运动。
语境助记
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000.
现在安德森先生已经为史密斯先生和该地区的其他无家可归者发起了一场在线募捐活动，到昨天为止已收到了8 000英镑。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The government has started a campaign ____________ smoking.
②They are campaigning ____________ (save) the area from building development.
③We have started a campaign ____________ better school services.
5)arrange vt. & vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备 arrangement n．[C]安排，筹备(常用复数形式))
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange sth. with sb. 安排好与某人做某事
arrange for sth. 安排/筹备某物
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
as arranged 按照约定
(2)arrive at/come to an arrangement 谈妥，达成协议
make arrangements for... 为……做安排/准备
He was arranging the books on the shelves when I came in.
我进来时他正在整理书架上的书。
Help me arrange these chairs in rows.帮我把这些椅子摆成排。
We arranged for a car to collect them from the train station.
我们安排了一辆轿车到火车站接他们。
I arranged to meet Jane after work but she didn't turn up.
我安排下班后见简，但她没露面。
They've already arranged for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.I'm sure we'll have a good time there.他们已安排好让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那里一定会玩得很开心。
We have made arrangements for the vacation.
我们已经为假期做了安排。
特别提示
①安排某人做某事
②要求某人做某事
即学即练 单句语法填空
①My schedule is quite flexible, so I can arrange ____________ (meet) you any day next week. When you're free, just call me.
②Call me when you arrive at the airport. I'll arrange ____________ a car to pick you up.
③Our college is to make ____________ (arrange) for the meeting.
④Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities ____________ children.
6)stick...to...把……粘贴到……上)
(1)stick a stamp to the envelope 把邮票贴到信封上
(2)stick to 坚持
stick to
Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise!
令这一家人非常吃惊的是，丹尼斯信守了他的诺言！
He stuck a stamp to the envelope.
他把这一张邮票贴到了信封上。
警示
stick to中的to为介词，后接名词或者动词-ing形式作宾语。
即学即练 完成句子
尽管遇到了许多意想不到的困难，他还是坚持自己的梦想，最终成功了。
With a lot of unexpected difficulty, ________________________ and finally succeeded.
第二版块|重点句型解构
(教材原句)Nowadays, the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media．
如今在博物馆中对手机的使用在持续增加，艺术专家担忧如何使人们真正欣赏艺术作品，而不是仅仅拍些照片或录些视频发布到社交媒体上。)
[句式分析] 本句为and连接的并列句，第二个分句中，how to get...media为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作about的宾语。
“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构
(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what(无选择范围)，which(有选择范围)和疑问副词how，when，where。
(2)语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
(3)作主语时谓语动词的数：一般用单数形式。
(4)“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句。
When to do these tests in the lab(＝When we will do these tests in the lab) is necessary to check.(我们)将何时在实验室里进行这些试验是有必要核实的。(作主语)
I'm hesitating about whether to accept your invitation(＝whether I'll accept your invitation) or not.
我正在犹豫是否接受你的邀请。(作宾语)
The problem is where to put this computer(＝where we should put this computer).
问题是(我们)该把这台计算机放在哪儿。(作表语)
特别提示
注意：特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。
I have no idea what to say about this (＝what I can say about this).
我不知道对此能说些什么。(作同位语)
即学即练 单句语法填空/用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构改写下面句子
①There was an awkward moment when she didn't know whether ____________ (shake) his hand or kiss his cheek.
②The key to successful small talk is learning ____________ to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
③It took a long time for my wife to make her decision about ____________ to wear so we left our house a little late.
④Having discussed for a whole night, we still couldn't agree on ____________ to start and ____________ to go for the coming holiday.
⑤For my friend Jack, where to live ____________ (be) still a problem at present.
⑥When we will decorate the house hasn't been decided.
→________________________________________________________________________
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We have talked for a while in the ____________ (阴凉处) and the breeze brushes our faces.
2．The cottage was ____________ (使沐浴) in the soft moonlight, where came a beautiful melody.
3．The whole neighbourhood is ____________ (发起运动) to save the area from building development.
4．The new concept is then applied in the ____________ (建筑设计).
5．Our school is ____________ (发动) a campaign against smoking.
6．A piece of ____________ (吐司面包) contains 80 calories.
7．I can't bear the flavour of ____________ (大蒜).
8．First cook the onions, and then add the ____________ (蘑菇).
9．I need to ____________ (安排) an appointment with my dentist after eating so many desserts.
10．The vegetables like garlic and mushrooms are ____________ (未烹制的). You can eat some toast first.
Ⅱ.短语填空
A组
be reduced to, be determined to, against one's face, be connected with, be used to, work out, instead of, have free access to, wage a campaign, be encouraged to
1．Inside, the noise of the traffic ____________ a distant rumble.
2．Their boat floats on the water, and a cool breeze blows ____________．
3．He ____________ get the MBA and desperate for a promotion in his company.
4．Even the gifted scientists found it hard to ____________ the secrets of the black holes.
5．The melody ____________ an unforgettable memory of the composer.
6．Some desserts ____________ entertain the kids while the parents were talking enthusiastically.
7．All the students and professors as well can ____________ the recordings.
8．When you are upset at work, you should have a rest ____________ struggling with it.
9．He ____________ overcome difficulties and achieve success.
10．Volunteers ____________ in the neighbourhood to cut air pollution.
B组
give instructions on, make...out of, be regarded as, make sure, stick...to
1．She began to ____________ how to defend the enemy's attack.
2．He with remarkable accomplishments ____________ a pioneer in this field.
3．They managed to grab the chance and ________ their building ________ wood.
4．She ________ those suitable decorations ________ the card which was a birthday present for her mum.
5．____________ that this programme deserves doing.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．In order to make a change, you need to make ____________ (arrange) beforehand.
2．____________ (bathe) in warm sunshine, we sang and laughed while picking oranges.
3．A traffic light tells us when ____________ (cross) the road and when to stop.
4．We ____________ (campaign) against whaling in the past few decades.
5．This building is a good example of Thai ____________ (architect).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我们的老师已安排我去参加会议。
Our teacher has __________________________________________. (arrange)
2．今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。
____________________________ is what we're going to learn today.(“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构)
3．所有的收藏品都将于6月16日至18日在体育馆展出。
All the collections __________________________ from June 16 to 18 in the gym.(show)
4．那位妈妈走到啼哭的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。
The mother went over to the crying child and ________________________________．(pick)
Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．shade 2.像素 3.wage 4.campaign 5.toast 6.蒜，大蒜 7.蘑菇 8.raw
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．bathe; bath 2.architecture; architect 3.arrange; arrangement
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．on show 2.have free access to
3．nothing but 4.post on social media
5．pick up
6．play an important role in...
7．a piece of toast
8．step-by-step instructions
Ⅳ.重点句型
how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①in ②is shaded ③shade ④shadows ⑤shadow
2．①in ②bathed ③a ④bathed in sweat ⑤bathed in
3．①on/against ②a ③沐浴在阳光下，他骄傲地告诉我他的工资很可观。
4．①against ②to save ③for
5．①to meet ②for ③arrangements ④for
6．he stuck to his dream
第二版块|重点句型解构
①to shake ②how ③what ④when; where ⑤is
⑥When to decorate the house hasn't been decided.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shade 2.bathed 3.campaigning 4.architecture 5.waging
6．toast 7.garlic 8.mushrooms 9.arrange 10.raw
Ⅱ.短语填空
A组
1．was reduced to 2.against their faces 3.was determined to
4．work out 5.is connected with 6.were used to 7.have free access to 8.instead of 9.is encouraged to 10.waged a campaign
B组
1．give instructions on 2.is regarded as 3.make; out of
4．stuck; to 5.Make sure
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．arrangements 2.Bathed 3.to cross 4.have campaigned
5．architecture
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．arranged for me to attend the meeting 2.How to make a cake 3.will be on show 4.picked her up
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共96张PPT)
Section B Grammar and usage
& Integrated skills
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处
2．pixel n. ____________
3．____________ vt. 开始，发动
n. (通常指周领的)工资，工钱
4．____________ n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役
vt. & vi. 发起运动，参加活动
shade
像素
wage
campaign
5．____________ n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒
vt. 为……干杯；烤；取暖
6．garlic n. ____________
7．mushroom n. ____________
8．____________ adj. 未经加工的，自然状态；生的，未烹制的
toast
蒜，大蒜
蘑菇
raw
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.(以光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→________ n．沐浴
2．________ n．建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学→________ n．建筑师
3．________ vt. & vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→________ n．整理，布置；安排，筹备
bathe
bath
architecture
architect
arrange
arrangement
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 展览中
2．________________ 可以自由地利用/使用
3．________________ 只，只有，只是，仅仅
4．________________ 在社交媒体上发布
5．________________ 捡起，拾起，拿起
6．____________________ 在……中起重要作用
7．________________ 一块烤面包片
8．________________ 分步骤操作指南
on show
have free access to
nothing but
post on social media
pick up
play an important role in...
a piece of toast
step-by-step instructions
Ⅳ.重点句型
如今在博物馆中对手机的使用在持续增加，艺术专家担忧如何使人们真正欣赏艺术作品，而不是仅仅拍些照片或录些视频发布到社交媒体上。
Nowadays，the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________．
how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)shade n.[U](图画中)阴影部分；[U](色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度；[U]阴影；阴凉处 ,vt.给……遮挡(光线)
(1)provide shade for the animals 为动物提供乘凉的地方
in the shade 在阴凉处
put...in the shade 使……相形见绌；使……黯淡无光
in the shade of a tree 在树荫下
(2)shade...from/against... 使……免受……的照射；给……遮挡……
He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.他走过乳白色的瀑布和深蓝色的群山。
The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees' flowers and fruit.
森林里的树荫为鸟类和依赖树上的花朵和果实生存的其他物种提供了家园。
We sat in the shade and ate our lunch.
我们坐在阴凉处吃午饭。
He slept in the shade of the trees.他在树荫下睡觉。
She shaded her eyes against/from the sun with her hand.
她用手遮住眼睛避免阳光照射。
词语辨析 shade和shadow
shade指树等物体遮挡阳光形成的阴凉之地，无一定的轮廓。
sit in the shade of a tree坐在树荫下
shadow指人或物在光照下形成的影像，有明显的轮廓，指“影子”。
see the shadow of the tree看到树的影子
即学即练 单句语法填空/选词填空
①The children played ______ the shade of a large beach umbrella.
②The narrow road ____________ (shade) by tall and thick trees.
③The window ____________ was made of green cloth. (shade; shadow)
④The ____________ of evening are falling. (shades; shadows)
⑤The garden was in deep ____________. (shade; shadow)
in
is shaded
shade
shadows
shadow
2) bathe vt.(以光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗
(1)be bathed in 被……笼罩；沐浴在……中
be bathed in light/sunshine 沐浴在阳光中
be bathed in sweat/tears 汗流浃背/泪流满面
bathe a wound 清洗伤口
(2)bath n. 沐浴，洗澡
take/have a bath 洗澡
联想：shower v. 冲淋浴
wash v. 洗
The sick boy bathed himself in sunlight.
这个生病的男孩在晒太阳。
Tian'anmen is bathed in morning sunshine.
天安门沐浴在朝阳的光辉中。
The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.
太阳开始在天空中升起，这使大山沐浴在了金色的阳光之中。
When parents bring home a pet dog, their child gladly bathes it and brushes its fur.
当父母带回家一只宠物狗时，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡、刷毛。
After a week of camping, I really needed a bath.
露营了一个星期，我实在得洗个澡了。
How often do you take a bath？你多久洗一次澡？
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moon bathed the countryside ______ a silver light.
②Her mother ____________ (bathe) her and dressed her in clean clothes.
③I'll have ______ bath and go to bed.
④我很累，汗流浃背。
I was tired and ______________．
⑤海湾沐浴在阳光中，离海岸大约150米有一些划皮艇的人。
The bay was ________ sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
in
bathed
a
bathed in sweat
bathed in
3)wage vt.开始，发动 n．(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱
(1)wage war on/against sb./sth. 发动对某人/某事的战争
wage a campaign/struggle/battle 发动一场运动/斗争/战役
(2)daily/weekly wage 每天的/每周的工资
a weekly wage of ￡200 周薪200英镑
a living wage 维持生活的工资
wage cuts 减薪
a wage increase/rise of 3% 3%的加薪
raise one's wages 提高某人的工资
He is always waging war among his classmates, which is really a hard thing.
他总是在同学中挑起战争，这真是件难事。
We must wage war against poverty.
我们必须向贫穷开战。
They've been waging a long campaign to change the law.
他们一直在发动改变这项法律的持久的运动。
In addition to my weekly wage，I got a lot of tips.
除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。
These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
这些人凭借他们的专业知识和技能得到能够维持生活的工资。
词语辨析
income, pay, salary与wage
income指收入、收益、所得
pay指工资、薪水
Have you got other income apart from your pay？除了工资还有其他收入吗？
salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
She's earning a good salary as an interpreter.她当口译的薪酬很高。
wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱
The average weekly wage is ￡350.
平均周薪是350英镑。
即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Why did that big country wage war ____________ the small one despite lacking resources
②How can you live on such ________ low wage
③Bathed in sunshine, he told me proudly that he earned a good wage.
译：__________________________________________
on/against
a
沐浴在阳光下，他骄傲地告诉我他的工资很可观。
4)campaign n.(宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt. & vi.发起运动，参加活动
(1)a national/nationwide campaign 全国性的运动
launch a campaign 发起一场运动
run/conduct/carry out a campaign 开展运动
a campaign for/against... 支持争取/反对……的运动
(2)campaign for/against... 参加(或发起)争取/反对……的运动
campaign to do sth. 开展做某事的运动
She will also launch a campaign for a charity that helps people suffering from unusual diseases.
她还将发起募捐活动，以帮助那些忍受异常疾病痛苦的人们。
Let's discuss advertising campaign for our company's products.
让我们来讨论有关我们公司产品的广告宣传活动。
Today the police began a campaign to reduce road accidents.
警方今天开展了一场减少道路交通事故的运动。
We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.
我们最近15年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。
Many schools are campaigning for reforming in education.许多学校正在举行教育改革运动。
语境助记
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000.
现在安德森先生已经为史密斯先生和该地区的其他无家可归者发起了一场在线募捐活动，到昨天为止已收到了8 000英镑。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The government has started a campaign ____________ smoking.
②They are campaigning ____________ (save) the area from building development.
③We have started a campaign ____________ better school services.
against
to save
for
5)arrange vt. & vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备 arrangement n．[C]安排，筹备(常用复数形式)
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange sth. with sb. 安排好与某人做某事
arrange for sth. 安排/筹备某物
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
as arranged 按照约定
(2)arrive at/come to an arrangement 谈妥，达成协议
make arrangements for... 为……做安排/准备
He was arranging the books on the shelves when I came in.
我进来时他正在整理书架上的书。
Help me arrange these chairs in rows.帮我把这些椅子摆成排。
We arranged for a car to collect them from the train station.
我们安排了一辆轿车到火车站接他们。
I arranged to meet Jane after work but she didn't turn up.
我安排下班后见简，但她没露面。
They've already arranged for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.I'm sure we'll have a good time there.他们已安排好让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那里一定会玩得很开心。
We have made arrangements for the vacation.
我们已经为假期做了安排。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①My schedule is quite flexible, so I can arrange ____________ (meet) you any day next week. When you're free, just call me.
②Call me when you arrive at the airport. I'll arrange ____________ a car to pick you up.
③Our college is to make ____________ (arrange) for the meeting.
④Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities _______ children.
to meet
for
arrangements
for
Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise!
令这一家人非常吃惊的是，丹尼斯信守了他的诺言！
He stuck a stamp to the envelope.
他把这一张邮票贴到了信封上。
警示
stick to中的to为介词，后接名词或者动词-ing形式作宾语。
即学即练 完成句子
尽管遇到了许多意想不到的困难，他还是坚持自己的梦想，最终成功了。
With a lot of unexpected difficulty, _________________ and finally succeeded.
he stuck to his dream
第二版块|重点句型解构
(教材原句)Nowadays, the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media．
如今在博物馆中对手机的使用在持续增加，艺术专家担忧如何使人们真正欣赏艺术作品，而不是仅仅拍些照片或录些视频发布到社交媒体上。
[句式分析] 本句为and连接的并列句，第二个分句中，how to get...media为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作about的宾语。
“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构
(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what(无选择范围)，which(有选择范围)和疑问副词how，when，where。
(2)语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
(3)作主语时谓语动词的数：一般用单数形式。
(4)“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句。
When to do these tests in the lab(＝When we will do these tests in the lab) is necessary to check.(我们)将何时在实验室里进行这些试验是有必要核实的。(作主语)
I'm hesitating about whether to accept your invitation(＝whether I'll accept your invitation) or not.
我正在犹豫是否接受你的邀请。(作宾语)
The problem is where to put this computer(＝where we should put this computer).
问题是(我们)该把这台计算机放在哪儿。(作表语)
特别提示
注意：特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。
I have no idea what to say about this (＝what I can say about this).
我不知道对此能说些什么。(作同位语)
即学即练 单句语法填空/用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构改写下面句子
①There was an awkward moment when she didn't know whether ____________ (shake) his hand or kiss his cheek.
②The key to successful small talk is learning ____________ to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
③It took a long time for my wife to make her decision about ____________ to wear so we left our house a little late.
to shake
how
what
④Having discussed for a whole night, we still couldn't agree on ____________ to start and ____________ to go for the coming holiday.
⑤For my friend Jack, where to live ____________ (be) still a problem at present.
⑥When we will decorate the house hasn't been decided.
→________________________________________________________
when
where
is
When to decorate the house hasn't been decided.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We have talked for a while in the ____________ (阴凉处) and the breeze brushes our faces.
2．The cottage was ____________ (使沐浴) in the soft moonlight, where came a beautiful melody.
3．The whole neighbourhood is ____________ (发起运动) to save the area from building development.
4．The new concept is then applied in the ____________ (建筑设计).
shade
bathed
campaigning
architecture
5．Our school is ____________ (发动) a campaign against smoking.
6．A piece of ____________ (吐司面包) contains 80 calories.
7．I can't bear the flavour of ____________ (大蒜).
8．First cook the onions, and then add the ____________ (蘑菇).
9．I need to ____________ (安排) an appointment with my dentist after eating so many desserts.
10．The vegetables like garlic and mushrooms are ____________ (未烹制的). You can eat some toast first.
waging
toast
garlic
mushrooms
arrange
raw
Ⅱ.短语填空
A组
be reduced to, be determined to, against one's face, be connected with, be used to, work out, instead of, have free access to, wage a campaign, be encouraged to
1．Inside, the noise of the traffic ____________ a distant rumble.
2．Their boat floats on the water, and a cool breeze blows ____________．
was reduced to
against their faces
3．He ________________ get the MBA and desperate for a promotion in his company.
4．Even the gifted scientists found it hard to ____________ the secrets of the black holes.
5．The melody ________________ an unforgettable memory of the composer.
6．Some desserts ____________ entertain the kids while the parents were talking enthusiastically.
was determined to
work out
is connected with
were used to
7．All the students and professors as well can __________________ the recordings.
8．When you are upset at work, you should have a rest ____________ struggling with it.
9．He _______________ overcome difficulties and achieve success.
10．Volunteers ________________ in the neighbourhood to cut air pollution.
have free access to
instead of
is encouraged to
waged a campaign
B组
give instructions on, make...out of, be regarded as, make sure, stick...to
1．She began to ________________ how to defend the enemy's attack.
2．He with remarkable accomplishments ____________ a pioneer in this field.
3．They managed to grab the chance and ________ their building ________ wood.
give instructions on
is regarded as
make
out of
4．She ________ those suitable decorations ________ the card which was a birthday present for her mum.
5．____________ that this programme deserves doing.
stuck
to
Make sure
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．In order to make a change, you need to make ____________ (arrange) beforehand.
2．____________ (bathe) in warm sunshine, we sang and laughed while picking oranges.
3．A traffic light tells us when ____________ (cross) the road and when to stop.
arrangements
Bathed
to cross
4．We ________________ (campaign) against whaling in the past few decades.
5．This building is a good example of Thai ____________ (architect).
have campaigned
architecture
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我们的老师已安排我去参加会议。
Our teacher has ______________________________. (arrange)
2．今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。
_________________ is what we're going to learn today.(“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构)
arranged for me to attend the meeting
How to make a cake
3．所有的收藏品都将于6月16日至18日在体育馆展出。
All the collections _____________ from June 16 to 18 in the gym.(show)
4．那位妈妈走到啼哭的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。
The mother went over to the crying child and ____________．(pick)
will be on show
picked her up
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
A
No one was born to be a good painter. Even the most famous artists have learned skills with the brush and perfected these skills over many years to become great.
Does a white piece of canvas make you want to create a good painting If it does, then it is a great hobby for you. It is a great feeling to watch an idea begin to take shape and be expressed on the canvas in many different colors.
To enjoy this kind of thing one needs to understand art first. We all have a hidden artist within us waiting to come out, as long as we have the time and ability to care for it. Painting is so simple that you do not have to be a certain age or have special qualifications or additional skills to start.
One can start learning to paint at any time. It is beautiful to know this fact itself. Drawing, scribbling (乱画) and painting are all art forms. From drawing on paper or in notebooks to scribbling on walls, each one of us has expressed our feelings through art. Started as a hobby, art can easily become a profession.
Art is a basic form of communication. Just as scenery inspires a poet to write a poem, just as a musician likes to make music with a natural sound, just as a dancer dances to a rhythm or beat, an artist picks up his brush to paint on a white canvas to express himself. Drawing is unfortunately more associated with children because they do not care how their artworks are judged. Even an adult can learn about art and drawing. It can be quite an excellent hobby. It is a form of communication that everyone can see. A painting can create warmth, calm the soul and bring happiness to one's life.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉我们艺术是什么，并且告诉我们绘画是一种很好的业余爱好，我们应该培养这种爱好。
1．What can we infer from the passage？( )
A．Art is a really difficult hobby to start.
B．It takes years for an artist to be successful.
C．Art should be learned from a very young age.
D．Drawing is a tiresome hobby.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，最著名的画家也是花费了很多年完善他们的能力，最终成名。故选B。
2．What is the passage mainly about？( )
A．It mainly tells the readers what art healing is.
B．It mainly tells some suggestions to artists.
C．It mainly talks about learning art and what art is.
D．It mainly tells us how to work as a professional artist.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们艺术是什么，并且告诉我们绘画是一种很好的业余爱好，我们应该培养这种爱好。故选C。
3．It can be inferred that ____________．( )
A.art becomes your profession so long as you understand it
B．learning to paint is more difficult than learning to play music
C.artists can express their feelings through their artworks
D．only children can paint as a hobby
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“...an artist picks up his brush to paint on a white canvas to express himself”可知，艺术家可以拿起画笔在白色的画布上作画来抒发自己。故选C。
B
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a well- known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull.
Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明小时候就展现出了绘画的天赋，并在堂兄及Williams的帮助下下定决心成为一名画家的故事。
4．What is the text mainly about？( )
A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是美国绘画之父本杰明小时候如何最终下定决心要成为一名画家的故事。故C项可作为文章的主旨。
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest？( )
A．The cat would he closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
答案：D
解析：句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes”可知，本杰明拥有了真正的画笔，不再需要用猫毛制作画笔了。这句的本意是“这只猫的命运即将改善”。
6．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？( )
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes”可知，为了开发本杰明的绘画才能，Pennington送给了他一盒颜料和一些画笔，也就是向他提供了绘画材料。
7．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ____________.( )
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist”可知，这两本书最终使得本杰明决定成为一名画家。
C
With summer drawing to a close, parents are helpless.
Camp's over. The kids' friends have left for warmer places. A trip to the pool doesn't bring the same excitement as it did in June. And so many families have no choice but to go for a trip to the amusement park.
Whether you're thinking of Six Flags, Sesame Place，Hersheypark or Dutch Wonderland, don't do it—you'll be sorry. Amusement parks—especially water parks—have never been more popular.
More than 26 million people went to Six Flags last year. These parks bring out the worst in kids and parents alike. What starts out as a special treat ends up in disappointment and tears.
As soon as you get to the park, you pay a couple of hundred dollars for a family of four. Already, expectations are unrealistic as parents start to do the math. How many rides will I get for the money The answer—at least in August—is four.
That's because of the lines. Time stops as you stand in line leading to even the least exciting ride. Over and over we count the number of people in front of us, wondering how many more rounds there'll be before our turn. Then there are the other parents—some of whom seem to think the lines are part of the game.
At Dutch Wonderland last weekend, one father walked up to my kids and asked if they were in line. For five minutes, he had his daughter stand behind them. When I turned my head, he had her stand ahead of them. Then he did it to the kids next in line, too.
By the end of the day, you see mothers and fathers buy their kids ice creams again and again to ease the influences of the heat, disappointment and anger.
It's like they've forgotten—it was all the kids' idea in the first place.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者认为家长带孩子去游乐园不是一个好的选择，并通过在游乐园里排队的经过来说明这一观点。作者指出，在游乐园一天结束的时候，你会看到父母一遍又一遍地给孩子买冰淇淋，以缓解炎热、失望和愤怒的影响。
8．Why are parents helpless？( )
A．Their kids are having little fun.
B．They are not good at planning trips.
C. Their kids depend on them too much.
D．They are too busy to play with their kids.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Camp's over. The kids' friends have left for warmer places. A trip to the pool doesn't bring the same excitement as it did in June. And so many families have no choice but to go for a trip to the amusement park.”可知，夏令营结束了，孩子们的朋友们去了更暖和的地方，去池子里游泳嬉戏也没有带来像六月份那样的乐趣，家长别无选择，只能带孩子去游乐场找乐趣。由此可知，父母感到无助是因为他们的孩子找不到什么乐趣。
9．What does the author think of the money spent by parents？( )
A．It is not worth it.
B．It is good for the family.
C．It wouldn't be so much in August.
D．It is a waste for those poor at math.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“As soon as you get to the park, you pay a couple of hundred dollars for a family of four. Already, expectations are unrealistic as parents start to do the math. How many rides will I get for the money The answer—at least in August—is four.”可推知，作者认为家长的这些钱花得不值。
10．Why did the father ask the author's kids whether they were in line？( )
A．He was a polite person.
B．He couldn't find the line.
C．He wanted his kid to cut in line.
D．He wanted to teach them a lesson.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“At Dutch Wonderland last weekend, one father walked up to my kids and asked if they were in line. For five minutes, he had his daughter stand behind them. When I turned my head, he had her stand ahead of them. Then he did it to the kids next in line, too.”可知，这位父亲问作者的孩子们他们是否在排队，因为他想让他的孩子插队。
11．What would be the best title for the text？( )
A．Behave well, little kids!
B．Mind your manners, parents!
C．Make your choices carefully
D．Keep away from amusement parks
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第三段可知，作者认为家长带孩子去游乐园不是一个好的选择，并通过在游乐园里排队的经过来说明这一观点。作者指出，在游乐园一天结束的时候，你会看到父母一遍又一遍地给孩子买冰淇淋，以缓解炎热、失望和愤怒的影响。故D选项“远离游乐园”最适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Almost every large city has its own museums. The museums often show things from the city's or the country's past, including its history, developments and other well-known achievements. 1(____)
The things that are displayed in a museum are usually the best things, just like the Louvre Palace in France which is regarded as one of three great museums in the world. Works of art such as the sculpture of Venus de Milo and the Mona Lisa painting are very famous. 2(____) We all want to see those things even if we are not artists.
3(____) They are not as famous as the Louver. However, if you are going to visit the U．S. or the U.K., your guide will surely introduce these museums to you. They are both very well-known places. The things on display are not only works of art, but also the country's pride and joy. It doesn't matter where they were produced; people just care about where they are displayed.
4(____) Every day, thousands of visitors go to these museums. Parents take their young children to museums in order to educate them and give them role models. Teachers take students there to show how great and beautiful China is. 5(____) Artists find their inspiration there.
A．If I get a chance to visit France one day, the Louvre is of course the first place I will visit.
B．Friends meet at museums to do something different instead of simply having dinner together.
C.Parents and their children can have a good time in the museums if they are interested in history.
D．Two other museums are the Metropolitan Museum in New York and the British Museum in London.
E．Museums are likely to be the best places when you want to have a better understanding of a country.
F．That's why museums are perhaps the best choice for a tourist who wants to learn about the city or the country.
G．China has its own museums, and their themes can be very different—paintings, historical persons, books and so on.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界各地都有博物馆以及博物馆的作用。
1．答案：F
解析：空前面一句提到博物馆经常会展示这座城市或这个国家的过去，所以空处表示“对于一位想了解这座城市或这个国家的游客来说博物馆可能是最佳的选择”。故选F。
2．答案：A
解析：空前面提到了卢浮宫，所以空处表示“如果有一天我有机会去巴黎，卢浮宫当然是我的首选”。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：根据空后面的两句话可知，they指代的是位于美国和英国的两家博物馆。故空处会提到具体的两家博物馆。故选D。
4．答案：G
解析：第二段提到法国的卢浮宫，第三段提到美国的纽约大都会博物馆和英国的大英博物馆，然后根据最后一段中的“Teachers take students there to show how great and beautiful China is.”可知，空处提到中国也有自己的博物馆。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：空前面提到父母带孩子参观博物馆，老师带学生参观博物馆，空后面提到艺术家参观博物馆，由此可知，空处指朋友参观博物馆。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I was one of the people 1.________ came from all parts of China to work on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. It is a record of all of our efforts 2.__________ (complete) the most difficult engineering challenges. How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns. The Qingshuihe Bridge is the world's longest bridge 3.________ (build) over permafrost. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total 4.________ (long) of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.
who/ that
to complete
built
length
We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to 5.________ new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem. Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level, Tanggula Station is the 6.________ (high) railway station in the world. To make sure we railway workers stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations 7.______________ (construct). We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along Cuona Lake to protect it 8.__________ construction waste.
a
highest
were constructed
from/against
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 9.______________________ (attract) people's admiration for centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. It 10.________ (true) is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”．
has been attracting/has attracted
truly
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参与修建青藏铁路时，为了保护当地生态，工程队做了许多的努力。
1．解析：句意：我是从中国各地来到青藏铁路工作的人员之一。分析可知，“1.______ came from all parts of China to work on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway”在句中为定语从句，先行词为people，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。
2．解析：句意：它是我们完成最困难工程挑战的全部努力的记录。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语，修饰名词efforts，efforts to do sth.“做某事的努力”，故填to complete。
3．解析：句意：清水河大桥是世界上最长的跨越永久冻土的桥梁。分析可知，“3.______ (build) over permafrost”在句中为定语，修饰名词bridge，动词build与名词bridge为动宾关系，故填built。
4．解析：句意：为了防止湿地和草原受到破坏，在格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁，总长约160公里。形容词修饰名词，空前total为形容词，所以此处用名词length，作with的宾语，故填length。
5．解析：句意：为了保护其独特的生态系统，我们甚至将14万平方米的湿地迁移到一个新的地区。area“地区，区域”为可数名词，此处使用了单数，所以空处用不定冠词a，表示把湿地移到了一个新的地区，故填a。
6．解析：句意：位于海拔5 000多米处，唐古拉车站是世界上(海拔)最高的火车站。结合空后的“in the world”可知，此处指在世界范围内，同时结合空前的定冠词the，所以此处用最高级highest。
7．解析：句意：为了保证我们铁路工人的健康，建造了几个制氧站。空处在句中为谓语，结合前文的“stayed”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时；另主语several oxygen-making stations和动词construct为动宾关系，所以空处用被动语态，且主语是复数，谓语动词是复数。故填were constructed。
8．解析：句意：我们利用成千上万的沙袋，沿着措那湖建造了一道20公里长的围墙，以保护它不受建筑垃圾的污染。短语：protect ...from/against ...“保护……免遭……”，所以空处填介词from/against。
9．解析：句意：青藏高原几个世纪以来一直吸引着人们的目光。结合时间状语“for centuries”可知，空处表示动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，可能还将继续延续或者表示截止到现在的一个结果，所以空处的时态可以用现在完成进行时或者现在完成时。主语“The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”为单数含义，故填has been attracting/has attracted。
10．解析：句意：它的确是一条非同寻常的“天路”。空处在句中为状语， 故填truly。
