译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Food matters Section C Extended reading & Project & Further study课件+学案

Section C　Extended reading & Project & Further study
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．chilli (AmE chili) n. ________________
2．________________ n. 甜椒；胡椒粉
3．________________ n. 洋葱，葱头
4．________________ adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的
5．________________ n. 朝，代；王朝
6．________________ adj. 数量多的，多样的
7．sauce n. ________________
8．________________ adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的
n. 平原
9．________________ n. 薄片，片；部分，份额
vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破
10．________________ n. 主厨，厨师
11．________________ n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
12．________________ vt. 估计，估价
n. 估计；估计的成本
13．Cantonese adj. ________________
14．dim sum n. ________________
15．________________ n. 概念，观念
16．________________ n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
17．________________ adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
18．________________ vt.& vi.
蒸；散发蒸汽
n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽
19．________________ n. 克
20．________________ n. 甘蓝，卷心菜
21．________________ n. 边，边缘；刀口
22．________________ adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的→________ adv.宽松地；松散地→________ v．(使)放松，变松；解开
2．________ adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的→________ n．雾；迷惘；困惑
3．________ vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→________ n．扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀
4．________ adj.合适的→________ adj.不合适的
5．________ vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→________ n．(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量；消费→________ n．消费者；顾客；用户
6．________ adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的→________ adv.本质上；根本上；基本上
7．________ n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法→________ adj.革新的；创新的
8．________ vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋→________ n．刺激
9．________ n．(pl.________)强调，重视；重读→________ vt.强调；重视；着重
10．________ n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→________ v．包，裹(礼物等)；用……包裹
11．________ n．混合物；混合，结合→________ v．(使)混合，掺和，融合
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 使变热
2．________________ 试一试
3．________________ 吸引
4．________________ 与某人交往
5．________________ 特别，尤其
6．________________ 无与伦比
7．________________ 全年地
8．________________ 使人满意，正合需要
9．________________ 日常生活
10．________________ 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．人们认为，它们始于晚清时期，是当时长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天保暖的一种方式。
________________________ in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
2．我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是它提供了一个与朋友交际的好机会，因为一顿饭可以持续几个小时。
________________________ is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.
3．在广州，早茶在日常生活中地位是如此重要，以至于“你喝过茶了吗？”成为当地版的“早上好”。
In Guangzhou, morning tea is ____________ an essential part of the daily routine ____________“Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What does the author think of having Sichuan hot pot with friends
A．It is a way to relax.
B．It is a tradition to eat out.
C．It is a way to rid of cold.
D．It is a chance to have good food.
2．What does the author love best about Sichuan hot pots
A．The chance of getting connected.
B．The various flavours of the soup.
C．The multiple options of ingredients.
D．The duration of having hot pot.
3．Why is it good to eat duck in summer
A．It is easy to prepare.
B．It has cooling properties.
C．It grows faster in summer.
D．It tastes better in hot weather.
4．What is the key feature of Cantonese dim sum
A．Bright colors. B．Strange shapes.
C．Rich nutrients. D．Wide varieties.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
This article tells us some traditional Chinese foods: Sichuan hot pots, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum.
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, 1.________ (fog) climate in which they were invented. They are believed 2.________ (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it 3.________ (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, 4.________ (appeal) to people of different tastes.
Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export. 5.________ (serve) plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck 6.________ particular, saying it was without equal. 7.________ (traditional), duck is considered to have cooling properties, so 8.________ is appropriate for the hot summer months.
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts. The 9.________ (emphasise) is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes 10.________ have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
Eating in China
7 March, Sichuan hot pot
The mouth watering① hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China, and the hot flavour is enough to heat up② a cold midwinter evening or to let loose③ rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon. I gave it my first try last night, together with a few local friends. As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table, its surface was covered with④ a beautiful layer of chillies⑤， Sichuan peppers⑥， spring onions⑦ and red oil. Slowly at first, and then faster and faster, we tipped plates of fresh meat, fish and vegetables into⑧ the pot. The hot flavour quickened⑨ our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax⑩ with friends.
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp ， foggy climate in which they were invented[1]. They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables，meats and sauces ， appealing to people of different tastes. What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a greatopportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours. I instantly became a big fan of Sichuan hot pots and I'll soon be back for more!
[1]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词climate
12 August, Nanjing salted duck[2]
Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export. Served plain in thin, white slices ， the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. As Ifinished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing, my host, Chef Zhang, told me a little more about the dish.
The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular, saying it was without equal . Traditionally ， duck is considered to have cooling properties ， so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing[3]! It definitely hit the spot when I tried it, and it has become one of my personal favourites.
[3]it is estimated that...据估计……；that引导主语从句，it是形式主语
8 December, Cantonese dim sum
In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.” Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty, the Cantonese innovation of the mid 19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes, or dim sum. The concept took off ， and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last.
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts, as I found when I visited a restaurant in Guangzhou's old city centre this morning. The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes that have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried. A single visit is not enough to appreciate everything, and I have a long list of dim sum I still need to try.
[词汇注释]
①mouth watering adj.(食物)令人垂涎的，非常好吃的
②heat up(使)变热；(使)变暖
③let sth. loose释放；放任
※loose/lu s/adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
be sold loose散装出售
break/cut/tear...loose from...
使……摆脱……
④be covered with覆盖着……
⑤chilli/'t li/(AmE chili) n．辣椒
⑥Sichuan pepper花椒
※pepper/'pep (r)/n.甜椒；胡椒粉
⑦spring onion小葱，香葱
※onion/' nj n/n.洋葱，葱头
⑧tip...into...把……倒进……
⑨quicken v．变得更活跃，使更活跃；(使)加快，加速
⑩relax v．放松，休息
※relax with the newspaper
看报纸放松一下
damp/d mp/adj.潮湿的，湿气重的
※cold and damp又冷又湿
foggy/'f gi/adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的
※foggy conditions有雾的环境
be believed to被认为……
dynasty/'d n sti/n.朝，代；王朝
※dynastic adj.王朝的
expand/ k'sp nd/vt. & vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
※expand the business扩大业务
multiple/'m lt pl/adj.数量多的，多样的
※a multiple birth多胎分娩
sauce/s s/n.调味汁，酱
appeal to对……有吸引力
socialize v．交往，交际
※socialize with跟……交往
instantly adv.立刻；
立即(＝immediately)
serve v．(给某人)提供；端上
※serve sth. to sb.给某人提供某物
plain/ple n/adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n．平原
※in plain English用简单的英语
slice/sla s/n.薄片，片；部分，份额 vt.把……切成片；切开，割破
※a slice of bread一片面包
include vt.包括
※include doing sth.
包括做某事(动名词作宾语)
helping n．(食物的)一份，一客
chef/ ef/n.主厨，厨师
countless adj.无数的
without equal无与伦比，无敌
traditionally adv.传统上；历来
※traditional adj.传统的
tradition n．传统；惯例
property/'pr p ti/n.性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
※personal property个人财物
appropriate/ 'pr pri t/adj.合适的
※It is/was appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是合适的。
estimate/'est me t/vt.估计，估价/'est m t/n.估计；估计的成本
※a rough estimate粗略估算
consume/k n'sju m/vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)
definitely adv.无疑地；确定地
※speak definitely明确地说
hit the spot使人满意，正合需要
Cantonese/ k nt 'ni z/adj.广东人(或文化)的，粤语的 n. (pl. Cantonese)广东人；粤语
dim sum/ d m's m/n.点心
essential/ 'sen l/adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的
※It is essential to do sth.
做……是完全必要的。
routine n．常规，惯例
※daily routine日常生活
innovation/ n 've n/n.创造，创新；新思想，新方法
※an age of technological innovation技术革新的时代
concept/'k nsept/n.概念，观念
take off突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
stimulate/'st mjule t/vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
※stimulate sb. to do sth.
刺激某人做某事
appetite/' p ta t/n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
delicate/'del k t/adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
emphasis/'emf s s/n. (pl. emphases
/'emf si z/)强调，重视；重读
※lay/put/place emphasis on sth.
强调/重视某事
work one's way through自始至终做
steam/sti m/vt. & vi.蒸；散发蒸汽 n．水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽
※get up/pick up steam
声势逐渐强大；(车辆)逐渐加速
[汉语译文]
食在中国
3月7日，四川火锅
令人垂涎欲滴的四川火锅，闻名海内外。那火辣的风味足以温暖隆冬的寒夜，或在夏日的午后让人汗流如注。昨晚，我第一次尝试了四川火锅，是与几位当地的朋友一道吃的。桌子正中的煤气炉上，汤缓缓地冒着泡，表面覆盖着一层辣椒、花椒、葱段和红油，甚是好看。我们把一盘盘新鲜的肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里，一开始慢，到后来越来越快。热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，这顿饭成了与友人放松的最佳方式。
四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。人们认为，火锅始自清代末年，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。一开始，美味的火锅只不过是将蔬菜、辣椒和花椒用水煮。后来，火锅的内容逐渐丰富，包括各式汤底以及品种多样的蔬菜、肉和调料，满足了人们不同的口味。我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。我瞬间成了四川火锅的“铁杆粉丝”，我很快会再回来吃的！
8月12日，南京盐水鸭
盐水鸭是南京最有名的特色食品。鸭肉端上来是简单的、白白的薄片，肉质多汁且带有咸味。每只南京盐水鸭都要经过腌、晾、煮、凉等工序，耗费数天制成。前几天下午，我在南京吃完我的第一份盐水鸭后，做东的张大厨向我介绍了更多有关这道菜的事情。
南京周边的乡村因为鸭子已经驰名数百年；这一带水网密布，非常适合养殖水禽。一本清末的地方志尤其盛赞盐水鸭，称其无与伦比。传统上鸭肉被认为性凉，所以适宜在炎热的夏季食用。如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！我一尝，它正对我胃口，盐水鸭已经成了我最钟爱的美食之一。
12月8日，广东点心
在广州，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“饮茶未？”(粤语，意为“你吃早茶了吗？”——译者注)成了当地人问候早安的方式。虽说茶馆在中国从唐代开始就司空见惯了，但19世纪中叶广东人的创新在于将茶佐以各种小菜或点心。这种观念时兴起来，如今广州的餐厅用一千多道点心刺激着食客的食欲，一道比一道精致、可口。
广东人用早餐并不匆忙，正如今天早晨我在广州老城区中心的一家餐馆所见的那样。重点是谈生意、话家常、说乐子，当地人可以花上几小时一起谈天、饮茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。从牛肉丸到肠粉，烤、煮、蒸、炸的菜品各式各样。来一次不足以尝个遍，我列出了一个长长的清单，都是以后要品尝的点心。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)expand vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述)
(1)expand the influence 扩大影响
expand the market 扩大市场
expand production 扩大生产
expand wings 展开翅膀
expand the business 扩展业务
expand to 扩展到……
expand (...) into... (把……)扩展成……
expand the house into a hotel 把房子扩展成旅馆
expand on/upon sth. 进一步阐述，详谈，充分叙述
(2)expansion n. (尺寸、范围、数量等的)扩大；增加；(公司、企业等的)扩张；详述；展开；扩充
In ten years the city's population has expanded by 12%.
十年之中，该市人口增加了12%。
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富，海伦问的问题越来越多。
We've expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两家商店以扩展业务。
All the details are in the book，and I need not expand on it.
情节都在书上呢，我无须详述。
Heat causes the expansion of gases.热使气体膨胀。
This book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.
这本书是他以前写的剧本的扩充。
Water expands as it freezes.水结冰时会膨胀。
词语辨析
expand与spread
(1)expand指扩大面积或体积，也指把合拢的东西放开(即三维)
This county has expanded its area under cultivation by more than 50，000 mu.该县增加了50 000多亩耕地。
(2)spread指向四面八方扩大范围。
Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded.
一辆装有化学品的卡车爆炸后火势迅速蔓延开来。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The society expanded ____________ a worldwide organization.
②The town has now expanded ____________ twice its original size.
③For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, __________________ (expand) their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.
④In his lecture the teacher expanded ____________ the uses of the English subjunctive mood.
⑤The future ____________ (expand) of the business calls for two new factories.
2)multiple adj.数量多的，多样的　multiply vi.& vt.乘，增加　multiplication n．乘法)
(1)multiple formats 多种格式
multiple challenges 多重挑战
multiple models 多型号
multiple choice questions 多项选择题
(2)multiply...by 以……乘
multiply five by three 三乘以五
multiplication table 乘法口诀表
The children should be trained to have multiple interests.
应该培养孩子们有多方面的兴趣。
In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
在一个温度上升了3摄氏度的世界里，它(模型)发现海洋的颜色会发生多重变化。
What do you get if you multiply six by nine
6乘以9等于多少？
联想拓展
“加减乘除”表示法：
add v．加；增加plus prep.加(上)
subtract v．减；减去 minus prep.减(去)
times prep.乘以divide v．除；(使)相除
2＋2＝4 Two plus/added to two is four.
4－2＝2 Four minus two is two.
Two subtracted from four is two.
2×2＝4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.
4÷2＝2 Four divided by two is two.
即学即练　完成句子
①The government performed competently in the face of ____________________________ (多重挑战).
②This digital audio player supports ____________________ (多种格式).
③The ________________________ (多项选择题) must be answered within a strict time limit.
3)plain adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的　n．平原　plainly adv.朴素地；清晰地，明显地；直截了当地)
be plain with sb.　　　对某人直言不讳
be plain about sth. 对某事直言不讳
It is quite plain that... ……是很明显的；显然……
I will be plain with you and tell you the truth.
我跟你开门见山地说实话。
It's quite plain that you haven't been paying attention.
你显然一直都没好好地留意。
They still like simple food and plain clothes though they are much better off now.
尽管现在富裕多了，他们还是喜欢吃简单的食物、穿朴素的衣服。
The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色平原。
You are plainly unwilling to cooperate.你显然不愿合作。
Say what you have to say plainly. Don't go all round the circle to get here.你该说的就直说吧，不用转弯抹角。
联想拓展
in plain English/language 用简单的英语/语言
a plain white blouse 一件朴素的白衬衫
a plain wooden table 一张朴素的木桌
a plain gold wedding ring 一枚式样简单的黄金婚戒
a plain and truthful answer 坦率而真实的回答
即学即练　单句语法填空/写出句中plain的词性及词义
①He was quite plain ____________ his feeling on the matter.
②I'll be plain ____________ you.I don't like the idea.
③How could you not notice that girl She was ____________ plain sight all night.
④She was ____________ (plain) dressed and wore no make up.
⑤A little mountain stream is dashing down to the plain.____________
⑥The meaning of the sentence is quite plain.____________
⑦The excuse for me, however, was not youth but plain stupidity.____________
4)appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的　appropriateness n．[U]合适)
(1)an appropriate time/place　　　合适的时间/地点
an appropriate response/measure/method
恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施/恰当的方法
be appropriate for/to sth. 适合……
a style appropriate to the age of the children
适合儿童的风格
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是
合适的
It is appropriate that... ……是恰当的
(2)appropriately adv. 恰当地，合适地
inappropriate adj. 不适当的，不合适的
inappropriate behaviour/language 不恰当的行为/语言
I don't feel that this is an appropriate time to mention the subject.
我觉得这个时候不适合提这个话题。
Make sure your message is appropriate for each individual.
确保你写给每个人的祝福语是合适的。
It is not appropriate to ask such personal questions in an interview.
在采访中问这样的私人问题是不合适的。
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这种场合中作出更恰当的反应。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Try to dress ____________ (appropriate) for each occasion.
②Ask your doctor whether these treatments are appropriate ____________ you.
③It is often appropriate ____________ (use) the local dialect to communicate your message.
④____________ is entirely appropriate that his music should be played at this festival.
⑤Jeans are not appropriate ________ a formal party.
⑥The authorities have been accused of not responding ________ (appropriate) to the needs of the homeless.
⑦It is not particularly appropriate ________ (tip) a bus driver.
5)estimate vt.估计，估价　n．估计；估计的成本)
(1)It is estimated (that)... 据估计，……
be estimated to be/have/cost sth. 被估计为/有/价值……
estimate sth. at... 估计某物为……
(2)a rough estimate 粗略的估计
a ballpark estimate (＝an approximate estimate)
大致的估计
It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.
据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
这棵树估计至少有700年树龄。
They estimate the cost at 800 yuan. 他们估计费用为800元。
The university estimates the cost of living for international students at about $8 450 a year.
据该大学估计，国际学生每年的生活费约为8 450美元。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I know him well enough to form ____________ estimate of his abilities.
②The cost of building railways ____________(estimate) at 30 million yuan.
③It is estimated ____________ up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts.
④The police estimated the number of tourists ____________ about 20，000.
6)consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)　consumer n．消费者　consumption n．消费)
(1)consume time 消耗时间
consume large amounts of fossil fuel 消耗大量的矿物燃料
consume all the hamburgers 吃光所有的汉堡
consume a large quantity of alcohol 喝大量的酒
consume the whole city 吞噬整个城市
(2)consume 其他词义：使充满(强烈
的感情)；烧毁
be consumed with 充满……
be consumed with guilt 深感内疚
be consumed by fire 被大火吞噬
a consumer protection center 消费者保护中心
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
孩子们很快便把桌子上的所有食物吃光了。
Alcohol can do harm to the liver if consumed in large quantities.
如果大量饮酒，那会对肝脏造成伤害。
We have to replace these old lamps with the new energy efficient ones, because they consume too much electricity.
我们必须把这些旧灯换成新的节能灯，因为它们太耗电。
Cars that consume less fuel are particularly popular with young people.耗油量较低的汽车在年轻人中尤其受欢迎。
The electricity consumption is so great in our city that I strongly suggest all us consumers should never leave our lights on when we go out.
我们城市的用电量如此之大，我强烈建议我们所有的用户出门时千万不要忘记关灯。
即学即练　判断下列句子中consume的含义/用consume的适当形式填空/完成句子
①Our high living standards cause our present population to consume
25 percent of the world's oil.____________
②According to a survey，40 grams of meat per day is what people should consume in order to stay fit.____________
③Phone carriers and ____________ need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.
④The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain (消耗)— ____________ of energy—on the body.
⑤在任务负载非常重时，处理器会因调度消耗大量的时间，用于任务本身的时间就非常少了。
At very high loads, the processor can ____________________________________________________ scheduling and devote little time to the tasks themselves.
7)essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的，基本的　n．必需品；要点，要素　essentially adv.本质上，根本上)
the bare essentials (＝the most necessary things)
最基本的用品
the essentials of English grammar 英语语法基础
be essential for/to... 对……来说是极为重要的
It is essential (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是完全必要的。
It is essential that... ……是必要/至关重要的。
(that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略)
Advanced technology is essential to the advance of society.
先进的技术对社会的进步是极为重要的。
It's essential for high and new tech enterprises to strengthen competitive power.
增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说是极其重要的。
It is essential that your diet (should) be varied and balanced.
你的饮食要多样化且均衡，这至关重要。
The essential difference between Sara and me is the fact that I take life seriously.
我与萨拉的根本区别在于我是认真对待生活的这一事实。
特别提示
句式“It is＋adj.＋that...”中的形容词是essential，important, necessary，natural等时，从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语应使用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
①It is essential that you (should) come home early.你有必要早点回家。
②It is important that he (should) attend the conference next week.
重要的是他应该参加下周的会议。
③It is necessary that he (should) read English aloud every day.
他每天大声读英语是很有必要的。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The possession of a passport is essential ____________ foreign travels.
②It is essential that he ____________ (send) there at once.
③History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.It is ____________ essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
④Most people hold the belief that it's essential ____________ (wear) a surgical mask to control the spread of COVID 19.
(8)take off （飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服）；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；突然成功；休假
(1)a plane takes off 飞机起飞
take off one's coat/shirt/boots 脱下大衣/衬衫/靴子
take a few days off 休息几天
(2)take on 承担；呈现；雇用
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
take down 记下；拿下
take in 吸收；领会；欺骗
take over 接管；接收
take apart 拆开
take back 拿回；撤销；收回(说错的话)；退回
take away 拿走；夺去
take out 带……出去；提取
He came in and took off his coat.他走了进来，脱掉大衣。
The plane took off despite the fog.尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。
In 1944, his career took off.1944年，他的事业飞黄腾达。
Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫会呈现出周围环境的颜色以保护自己。
She took up a pen and wrote down her name and address.
她拿起钢笔写下了她的名字和地址。
After he graduated，he took up the study of space.
他毕业后就开始从事太空研究。
Writing the paper took up most of my weekend.
写论文占去了我周末的大部分时间。
The plants have taken in abundant nutrition from under the ground.这些植物从地下吸收了丰富的营养。
When taking in the meaning of a new word, you'd better mark it out.理解新单词的意思时，你最好标注一下。
⑩Apparently she took Tom in completely with her story.
显然，她的一番花言巧语完全把汤姆蒙骗住了。
John will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
米切尔退休后，约翰将接任总经理一职。
You cannot take over the store unless you deposit in advance.
你只有先交订金才能接手这个商铺。
语境助记
①I took off my T shirt and dived into the water.
我脱下T恤衫，潜入水中。
②If I buy something and he doesn't like it, I'll take it back．
如果我买了什么东西，他不喜欢，我就退掉它。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He took ____________ the telephone receiver and began to dial.
②Many businesses started up by college students have taken ____________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
③He's spoken to a publishing company. They're going to take him ____________．
④She decided that I was the ideal person to take ____________ the job.
⑤The accident happened as the jet was about to take ____________．
⑥He took ____________ a dictionary from the top shelf.
⑦She read a few poems，but did not take them ____________．
⑧My little son likes to take ____________ his toy cars.
9)appetite n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望；爱好，嗜好)
promote appetite 增进食欲
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
develope an appetite for... 对……提起胃口
ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
lose one's appetite 失去胃口
have an appetite for 喜欢，爱好
have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣
have an amazing appetite for knowledge 求知欲极强
an appetite for sth. 对……的强烈欲望
a good/healthy appetite 好胃口
a big/huge appetite 胃口大/极大
Exercise gives her a good appetite.运动使她胃口大开。
Mr Black has developed an appetite for Chinese food.
布莱克先生喜欢上了吃中国食物。
The smell ruined my appetite，and I pushed the dish away.
那气味破坏了我的食欲，我把菜推开了。
He has an appetite for classical music.他很喜欢古典音乐。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.
此刻她对流言蜚语没有兴趣。
联想拓展
appetite→appetizing adj.
开胃的；促进食欲的
→ appetising adj.
促进食欲的；美味可口的；
开胃的，诱人的
→ appetitive adj.
食欲的；有食欲的；开胃的
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He has ____________ appetite for writing.
②All kinds of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of satisfying readers' appetite ____________ specific knowledge.
10)emphasis n.(pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读　emphasize vt.强调；重视；重读)
(1)lay/put/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……
give emphasis to 强调，着重
(2)emphasize the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性
emphasize sth. to sb. 向某人强调某事
emphasize three rules 强调三条规则
Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on reading and writing.
这里的学校非常重视阅读和写作。
The government gave much emphasis to the problem of traffic jams.政府非常重视交通堵塞问题。
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.我们再怎样强调学英语的重要性也不为过。
He only emphasized his own interests to us at the conference.
他在会上只向我们强调了他自己的利益。
近义词
stress vt.强调
highlight vt.强调
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Our English course places great emphasis ________ conversational skills.
②We cannot __________ (emphasis) the importance of protecting the environment too much because we have only one Earth.
11)edge n.边，边缘；刀口)
on edge 紧张不安；急切
on the edge of... 在……的边(缘)上；濒于；快要；将近
at the edge of... 在……的边缘
at the edge of the desert/woods/forest
在沙漠/树林/森林边缘
a big house at the edge of town 城边的一栋大房子
the edge of the table 桌边
at the water's edge 在水边
Stand the coin on its edge. 让硬币竖起来。
She was always on edge before an interview.
她在面试前总是紧张不安。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark.在夹克的边缘，有一块布在黑暗中发光。
We all know that the panda is a species that is on the edge of extinction.我们都知道熊猫是一种濒临灭绝的物种。
At the edge of the desert, he came across a deserted church.
在沙漠的边缘地带，他碰巧发现了一座被遗弃的教堂。
比较
at the edge of不特指在物体的表面之上， on the edge of指在物体的表面之上。
即学即练　完成句子
①The hotel is situated ________________(在……边缘) the town.
②They have driven the rhino to ________________ (灭绝的边缘).
③Just the sound of her voice sets my teeth ________________ (紧张不安).
12)apart adv.成碎片；分开；相隔；除外)
come/fall apart 崩溃；破裂
take sth. apart 拆开某物
tell...apart 把……区分开来
apart from(＝besides) 除……之外(还)
(＝except) 除……之外
Don't stand on that old chair—it's likely to fall apart at any moment.别站在那把旧椅子上——它随时都可能散架。
They used to be close friends，but fell apart not long ago.
他们曾经是亲密的朋友，但不久前关系破裂了。
I can't tell the twins apart.我分不清这对双胞胎。
Rod loves taking clocks apart. However, he never manages to put them together again.
罗德喜欢拆卸钟表，但他从不能再把它们组装起来。
Apart from math his grades are very good.
除了数学，他的分数非常好。
Apart from London, we also visited Paris and Berlin.
除了伦敦，我们还去了巴黎和柏林。
特别提示
拆开机器
take apart the machine (√)
take the machine apart (√)
把它/它们拆开
take it/them apart (√)
take apart it/them (×)
即学即练　用apart的相关短语完成句子
①我经常读这本书，它都快散架了。
I've read the book so often and it's ____________________________．
②我们把电脑拆开了，看看出了什么问题。
We ____________________________ to see what was wrong.
③甚至我们的父母有时也很难区分我和我弟弟。
Even our parents sometimes have trouble __________________________________．
④除了小提琴之外，他可以演奏所有乐器。
He can play all musical instruments ________________________．
第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在寒冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。)
[句式分析]　本句属于“主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语)”结构，意为“……被认为……”；后面的to keep warm during the cold and wet winters是动词不定式短语作主语补足语。
“主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语)”句型
该句型的具体用法为：
(1)该结构意为“……被认为……”，动词不定式(短语)根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即：
be believed＋
The vase is believed to be worth a lot of money.
人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。
Chinese is believed to be used even more widely in the future world.
人们认为汉语在未来世界的使用将会更加广泛。
Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago.
人们认为，楼兰在数百年前被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。
(2)该句型可与“It's believed that...”互换。
He is believed to be a learned and modest scholar.
＝It's believed that he is a learned and modest scholar.
他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。
语境助记
常用于该句型过去分词还有said, thought, considered, hoped, reported等。
I haven't seen Jack for many years. He is said to be living in China now.
＝I haven't seen Jack for many years.It's said that he is living in China now.
我很多年没有见到杰克了。据说，他现在在中国居住。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①In terms of skill, David is believed ____________ (be) one of the best and most talented basketball players in our team.
②He is thought ____________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
③The project is hoped ____________ (complete) by the end of 2023，which will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.
④—I haven't seen Bob for days.What happened to him
—He is said ____________ (look) after his wife in the hospital.
2)(教材原句)What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。)
[句式分析]　本句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
(1)在复合句中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。
(2)what引导主语从句时表示“……的事物”，what在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What makes our school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
让我们学校出名的是超过百分之九十的学生都被大学录取了。(What在主语从句中作主语)
We should keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
我们应记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相。(what在主语从句中作宾语)
What the kind man's name is remains unknown to us.
我们仍然不知道那位好心人叫什么名字。(What在主语从句中作表语)
What job he is doing now is very important to his family.
他现在在做什么工作对他的家庭来说很重要。(What在主语从句中作定语), 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ excited Jenny most was that she finally succeeded in what seemed to be the most difficult exam to her.
②From the bottom of my heart, ____________ I want to say to you is “Thank you！”
③你今天的所作所为会对你明天的生活有影响。
____________________________________ will make a difference to your life tomorrow.
3)(教材原句)In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
在广州，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“饮茶未？”(粤语，意为“你吃早茶了吗？”一译者注)成了当地人问候早安的方式。 )
[句式分析]　本句中“such...that”结构，that引导结果状语从句。
such...that 如此……以至于……
(1)such＋＋that...
It is such a little dog that it can't run fast.
这是一只小狗，它跑不快。
It is such an expensive car that we can't afford it.
这车太贵了，我们买不起。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.
这些苹果是如此好，以至于我们想要吃它们。
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.
天气这么好，他们都去游泳了。
(2)so...that...也表示“如此……以至于……”，但so后跟形容词或副词。
so＋＋that...
This teacher is so kind that we all like him.
这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.
我摔了很多跤，到处都疼。
There is so little water in the glass that I can't drink any more.
杯子里的水太少了，我不能再喝了。
特别提示
(1)such＋a (n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＝so＋adj.＋a (n)＋可数名词单数
such a difficult problem＝so difficult a problem
such a good teacher＝so good a teacher
(2)在so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
So fast does light travel that we can
hardly imagine its speed.
光速如此之快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
So excited was Mike that he forgot to bring me the gift.
迈克是如此兴奋，竟然忘记给我带礼物了。
Such a big mistake did he make that the teacher criticized him.
他犯了一个大错，老师批评了他。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Miss Gao asked so difficult ________ question that nobody could answer it.
②They are ________ interesting films that we all enjoy seeing them.
③We have ________ little money that we can't lend you any.
④He seems such a nice man ________ we all believe him.
4)(教材原句)Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing！
如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！)
[句式分析]　It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
it为形式主语， that 从句是真正的主语， that在从句中仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，也无实际意义。
“It＋be＋过去分词 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句．”句式可以进行转换：
It is said that he is 108 years old now.＝He is said to be 108 years old now.＝People say that he is 108 years old now.
据说他现在108岁了。
It is said that about 20% of 25 34 year olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
据说25～34岁的人中有约20%和父母住在一起，而在1991年这一比例为16%。
即学即练　完成句子/句式转换
①众所周知，杨利伟是中国第一位飞入太空的航天员。
________________________ Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to fly into space.
②It is announced that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
→Professor Wang is announced ________________ to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
课堂达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If a tooth feels very ________ (松的)，your dentist may recommend that it be taken out.
2．It's quite ________ (有雾的) now，so the traffic is very heavy.
3．The government performed competently in the face of ________ (数量多的) challenges.
4．The parents don't allow their son to touch that bowl with a ________ (精致的) pattern of flowers.
5．In the circumstances，Paisley's plans looked highly ________ (合适的).
6．Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they have ________ (消耗).
7．We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage ________ (创新) so that we can finish the work perfectly.
8．Your encouragement will ________ (刺激) me to further efforts.
9．They looked at him with a ________ (混合物) of horror, envy and awe.
10．The plants grow best in cool, ________ (潮湿的) conditions.
11．Businesses have a golden opportunity to ________ (发展) into new markets.
12．She swapped her ________ (朴素的) suit for an elegant dress.
13．Compare the physical ________ (性质) of the two substances.
14．It is hard to ________ (估计) how many children suffer from dyslexia.
15．It's a ________ (概念) that is difficult to render into English.
16．There's a lot of food —I hope you have a good ________ (胃口).
17．He placed great ________ (重视) on the importance of family life and ties.
18．Put the meat in the centre of the dish，with the vegetables around the ________ (边缘).
Ⅱ.短语填空
let loose, expand on/upon, cater to, hit the spot, be essential to, take off, appetite for, lay emphasis on, at the edge of, fall apart
1．The parents don't permit their children to play ____________ the river.
2．It will ____________ take responsibility for our own actions.
3．They only publish novels which ____________ the mass market.
4．The politician used today's speech to ____________ his new theory.
5．She favours dessert, so the ice cream ____________．
6．The young couple declared that their marriage wouldn't ____________．
7．Most children have an ____________ doing scientific experiment.
8．He can't ____________ the lid of the container; it's stuck.
9．The deadly bacteria, once ____________， are hard to control.
10．We should ____________ the protection of the traditional Chinese herb.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．____________ is estimated that lack of exercise could be responsible for around one in ten cases of heart disease and cause most of the health problems.
2．It is essential that these application forms ____________ (send) back as soon as possible.
3．All my students have an appetite ____________ knowledge, making the most of every minute to read.
4．I think we should put as much emphasis ____________ preventing disease as we do on curing it.
5．The key to funny advertising is making sure that the humor is appropriate ____________ the product.
6．Linda，together with her brothers，____________ (be) spending the holiday in Chile when the severe earthquake broke out.
7．He had lost weight and the suit hung ____________ (loose) on him.
8．____________ (plain), a more objective method of description must be adopted.
9．The team is now a good ____________ (mix) of experience and youth.
10．As often as not the buses are late on ____________ (fog) days.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边与朋友保持联系。我们所需要的就是无线上网系统。
Nowadays, we can travel round the world and stay in touch with friends at the same time. __________________________ Wi Fi.(主语从句)
2．青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的一部分，仅在非洲每年就可以拯救10万人的生命。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and ____________________________ 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.(“ 主语＋be believed＋不定式”句型)
3．重要的是你的饮食是多样而平衡的。
____________________________ your diet is varied and balanced.
4．他多进行锻炼是恰当的。
____________________________ he should do more exercise.
5．据估计，去年有30%的风电没有得到利用。
____________________________ 30% of last year's wind power supply went unused.
Section C　Extended reading & Project & Further study
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．辣椒　2.pepper　3.onion　4.damp　5.dynasty　6.multiple
7．调味汁，酱　8.plain　9.slice　10.chef　11.property
12．estimate　13.广东(或文化)的，粤语的　14.点心
15．concept　16.appetite　17.delicate　18.steam　19.gram
20．cabbage　21.edge　22.apart
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．loose; loosely; loosen　2.foggy; fog
3．expand; expansion　4.appropriate; inappropriate
5．consume; consumption; consumer
6．essential; essentially　7.innovation; innovative
8．stimulate; stimulation　9.emphasis; emphases; emphasize
10．wrapper; wrap　11.mixture; mix
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．heat up 　2.give it a try　3.appeal to...　4.socialize with sb.　5.in particular　6.be without equal　7.all year round　8.hit the spot　9.daily routine　10.take off
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．They are believed to have started off
2．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots
3．such; that
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．A　2.A　3.B　4.D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．foggy　2.to have started　3.has expanded　4.appealing
5．Served　6.in　7.Traditionally　8.it　9.emphasis
10．that/which
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①into　②to　③to expand　④on　⑤expansion
2．①multiple challenges　②multiple formats　③multiple-choice questions
3．①about　②with　③in　④plainly　⑤n.平原　⑥adj.清楚的　⑦adj.纯粹的
4．①appropriately　②for　③to use　④It　⑤for/to
⑥appropriately　⑦to tip
5．①an　②was estimated　③that　④at
6．①消耗　②吃　③consumers　④consumption　⑤be consumed with
7．①for/to　②(should) be sent　③an　④to wear
8．①up　②off　③on　④over　⑤off　⑥down　⑦in　⑧apart
9．①an　②for
10．①on/upon　②emphasize
11．①at the edge of　②the edge of extinction　③on edge
12．①falling apart　②took the computer apart　③telling me and my brother apart　④apart from the violin
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①to be　②to have acted　③to be completed　④to be looking
2．①What　②what　③What you do today
3．①a　②such　③so　④that
4．①It is known that　②to come
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．loose　2.foggy　3.multiple　4.delicate　5.appropriate
6．consumed　7.innovation　8.stimulate　9.mixture
10．damp　11.expand　12.plain　13.properties　14.estimate
15．concept　16.appetite　17.emphasis　18.edge
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．at the edge of　2.be essential to　3.cater to　4.expand on/upon　5.hits the spot　6.fall apart　7.appetite for　8.take off　9.let loose　10.lay emphasis on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．It　2.(should) be sent　3.for　4.on　5.for/to　6.was
7．loosely　8.Plainly　9.mixture　10.foggy
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1．What we need is
2．it is believed to save
3．It is essential that　
4．It is appropriate that
5．It is estimated that
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共184张PPT)
Section C　Extended reading & Project & Further study
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．chilli (AmE chili) n. ________________
2．________________ n. 甜椒；胡椒粉
3．________________ n. 洋葱，葱头
4．________________ adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的
5．________________ n. 朝，代；王朝
6．________________ adj. 数量多的，多样的
辣椒
pepper　
onion　
damp　
dynasty　
multiple
7．sauce n. ________________
8．________________ adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的
n. 平原
9．________________ n. 薄片，片；部分，份额
vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破
10．________________ n. 主厨，厨师
11．________________ n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
12．________________ vt. 估计，估价
n. 估计；估计的成本
调味汁，酱
plain
slice　
chef　
property
estimate　
13．Cantonese adj. ________________
14．dim sum n. ________________
15．________________ n. 概念，观念
16．________________ n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
17．________________ adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
广东(或文化)的，粤语的
点心
concept　
appetite　
delicate　
18．________________ vt.& vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽
n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽
19．________________ n. 克
20．________________ n. 甘蓝，卷心菜
21．________________ n. 边，边缘；刀口
22．________________ adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔
steam　
gram
cabbage　
edge　
apart
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的→________ adv.宽松地；松散地→________ v．(使)放松，变松；解开
2．________ adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的→________ n．雾；迷惘；困惑
3．________ vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→________ n．扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀
4．________ adj.合适的→__________ adj.不合适的
loose
loosely
loosen　
foggy
fog
expand
expansion　
appropriate
inappropriate
5．________ vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→___________ n．(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量；消费→________ n．消费者；顾客；用户
6．________ adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的→________ adv.本质上；根本上；基本上
7．________ n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法→________ adj.革新的；创新的
8．________ vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋→________ n．刺激
consume
consumption
consumer
essential
essentially　
innovation
innovative
stimulate
stimulation　
9．________ n．(pl.________)强调，重视；重读→________ vt.强调；重视；着重
10．________ n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→________ v．包，裹(礼物等)；用……包裹
11．________ n．混合物；混合，结合→________ v．(使)混合，掺和，融合
emphasis
emphases
emphasize
wrapper
wrap　
mixture
mix
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 使变热
2．________________ 试一试
3．________________ 吸引
4．________________ 与某人交往
5．________________ 特别，尤其
heat up
give it a try
appeal to...
socialize with sb.
in particular
6．________________ 无与伦比
7．________________ 全年地
8．________________ 使人满意，正合需要
9．________________ 日常生活
10．________________ 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
be without equal
all year round
hit the spot
daily routine
take off
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．人们认为，它们始于晚清时期，是当时长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天保暖的一种方式。
________________________ in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
They are believed to have started off
2．我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是它提供了一个与朋友交际的好机会，因为一顿饭可以持续几个小时。
______________________________ is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.
What I love best about Sichuan hot pots
3．在广州，早茶在日常生活中地位是如此重要，以至于“你喝过茶了吗？”成为当地版的“早上好”。
In Guangzhou, morning tea is ____________ an essential part of the daily routine ____________“Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
such
that
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What does the author think of having Sichuan hot pot with friends
A．It is a way to relax.
B．It is a tradition to eat out.
C．It is a way to rid of cold.
D．It is a chance to have good food.
A
2．What does the author love best about Sichuan hot pots
A．The chance of getting connected.
B．The various flavours of the soup.
C．The multiple options of ingredients.
D．The duration of having hot pot.
A
3．Why is it good to eat duck in summer
A．It is easy to prepare.
B．It has cooling properties.
C．It grows faster in summer.
D．It tastes better in hot weather.
B
4．What is the key feature of Cantonese dim sum
A．Bright colors. B．Strange shapes.
C．Rich nutrients. D．Wide varieties.
D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
This article tells us some traditional Chinese foods: Sichuan hot pots, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum.
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, 1.________ (fog) climate in which they were invented. They are believed 2.___________ (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
foggy　
to have started
In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it 3.__________ (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, 4.________ (appeal) to people of different tastes.
Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export. 5.________ (serve) plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling.
has expanded
appealing
Served
The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck 6.________ particular, saying it was without equal. 7.____________ (traditional), duck is considered to have cooling properties, so 8.________ is appropriate for the hot summer months.
in
Traditionally　
it
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts. The 9.________ (emphasise) is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes 10.________ have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried.
emphasis
that/which
[教材原文]
Eating in China
7 March, Sichuan hot pot
The mouth watering① hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China, and the hot flavour is enough to heat up② a cold midwinter evening or to let loose③ rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon. I gave it my first try last night, together with a few local friends.
As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table, its surface was covered with④ a beautiful layer of chillies⑤， Sichuan peppers⑥， spring onions⑦ and red oil. Slowly at first, and then faster and faster, we tipped plates of fresh meat, fish and vegetables into⑧ the pot. The hot flavour quickened⑨ our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax⑩ with friends.
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp ， foggy climate in which they were invented[1]. They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables，meats and sauces ， appealing to people of different tastes.
What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a greatopportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours. I instantly became a big fan of Sichuan hot pots and I'll soon be back for more!
[1]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词climate
12 August, Nanjing salted duck[2]
Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export. Served plain in thin, white slices ， the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. As Ifinished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing, my host, Chef Zhang, told me a little more about the dish.
The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular, saying it was without equal .
Traditionally ， duck is considered to have cooling properties ， so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing[3]! It definitely hit the spot when I tried it, and it has become one of my personal favourites.
[3]it is estimated that...据估计……；that引导主语从句，it是形式主语
8 December, Cantonese dim sum
In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.” Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty, the Cantonese innovation of the mid 19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes, or dim sum. The concept took off ， and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last.
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts, as I found when I visited a restaurant in Guangzhou's old city centre this morning. The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes that have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried. A single visit is not enough to appreciate everything, and I have a long list of dim sum I still need to try.
[词汇注释]
①mouth watering adj.(食物)令人垂涎的，非常好吃的
②heat up(使)变热；(使)变暖
③let sth. loose释放；放任
※loose/lu s/adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
be sold loose散装出售
break/cut/tear...loose from...
使……摆脱……
④be covered with覆盖着……
⑤chilli/'t li/(AmE chili) n．辣椒
⑥Sichuan pepper花椒
※pepper/'pep (r)/n.甜椒；胡椒粉
⑦spring onion小葱，香葱
※onion/' nj n/n.洋葱，葱头
⑧tip...into...把……倒进……
⑨quicken v．变得更活跃，使更活跃；(使)加快，加速
⑩relax v．放松，休息
※relax with the newspaper
看报纸放松一下
damp/d mp/adj.潮湿的，湿气重的
※cold and damp又冷又湿
foggy/'f gi/adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的
※foggy conditions有雾的环境
be believed to被认为……
dynasty/'d n sti/n.朝，代；王朝
※dynastic adj.王朝的
expand/ k'sp nd/vt. & vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
※expand the business扩大业务
multiple/'m lt pl/adj.数量多的，多样的
※a multiple birth多胎分娩
sauce/s s/n.调味汁，酱
appeal to对……有吸引力
socialize v．交往，交际
※socialize with跟……交往
instantly adv.立刻；
立即(＝immediately)
serve v．(给某人)提供；端上
※serve sth. to sb.给某人提供某物
plain/ple n/adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n．平原
※in plain English用简单的英语
slice/sla s/n.薄片，片；部分，份额 vt.把……切成片；切开，割破
※a slice of bread一片面包
include vt.包括
※include doing sth.
包括做某事(动名词作宾语)
helping n．(食物的)一份，一客
chef/ ef/n.主厨，厨师
countless adj.无数的
without equal无与伦比，无敌
traditionally adv.传统上；历来
※traditional adj.传统的
tradition n．传统；惯例
property/'pr p ti/n.性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
※personal property个人财物
appropriate/ 'pr pri t/adj.合适的
※It is/was appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是合适的。
estimate/'est me t/vt.估计，估价/'est m t/n.估计；估计的成本
※a rough estimate粗略估算
consume/k n'sju m/vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)
definitely adv.无疑地；确定地
※speak definitely明确地说
hit the spot使人满意，正合需要
Cantonese/ k nt 'ni z/adj.广东人(或文化)的，粤语的 n. (pl. Cantonese)广东人；粤语
dim sum/ d m's m/n.点心
essential/ 'sen l/adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的
※It is essential to do sth.
做……是完全必要的。
routine n．常规，惯例
※daily routine日常生活
innovation/ n 've n/n.创造，创新；新思想，新方法
※an age of technological innovation技术革新的时代
concept/'k nsept/n.概念，观念
take off突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
stimulate/'st mjule t/vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
※stimulate sb. to do sth.
刺激某人做某事
appetite/' p ta t/n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
delicate/'del k t/adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
emphasis/'emf s s/n. (pl. emphases
/'emf si z/)强调，重视；重读
※lay/put/place emphasis on sth.强调/重视某事
work one's way through自始至终做
steam/sti m/vt. & vi.蒸；散发蒸汽 n．水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽
※get up/pick up steam
声势逐渐强大；(车辆)逐渐加速
[汉语译文]
食在中国
3月7日，四川火锅
令人垂涎欲滴的四川火锅，闻名海内外。那火辣的风味足以温暖隆冬的寒夜，或在夏日的午后让人汗流如注。昨晚，我第一次尝试了四川火锅，是与几位当地的朋友一道吃的。桌子正中的煤气炉上，汤缓缓地冒着泡，表面覆盖着一层辣椒、花椒、葱段和红油，甚是好看。我们把一盘盘新鲜的肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里，一开始慢，到后来越来越快。热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，这顿饭成了与友人放松的最佳方式。
四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。人们认为，火锅始自清代末年，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。一开始，美味的火锅只不过是将蔬菜、辣椒和花椒用水煮。后来，火锅的内容逐渐丰富，包括各式汤底以及品种多样的蔬菜、肉和调料，满足了人们不同的口味。我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。我瞬间成了四川火锅的“铁杆粉丝”，我很快会再回来吃的！
8月12日，南京盐水鸭
盐水鸭是南京最有名的特色食品。鸭肉端上来是简单的、白白的薄片，肉质多汁且带有咸味。每只南京盐水鸭都要经过腌、晾、煮、凉等工序，耗费数天制成。前几天下午，我在南京吃完我的第一份盐水鸭后，做东的张大厨向我介绍了更多有关这道菜的事情。
南京周边的乡村因为鸭子已经驰名数百年；这一带水网密布，非常适合养殖水禽。一本清末的地方志尤其盛赞盐水鸭，称其无与伦比。传统上鸭肉被认为性凉，所以适宜在炎热的夏季食用。如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！我一尝，它正对我胃口，盐水鸭已经成了我最钟爱的美食之一。
12月8日，广东点心
在广州，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“饮茶未？”(粤语，意为“你吃早茶了吗？”——译者注)成了当地人问候早安的方式。虽说茶馆在中国从唐代开始就司空见惯了，但19世纪中叶广东人的创新在于将茶佐以各种小菜或点心。这种观念时兴起来，如今广州的餐厅用一千多道点心刺激着食客的食欲，一道比一道精致、可口。
广东人用早餐并不匆忙，正如今天早晨我在广州老城区中心的一家餐馆所见的那样。重点是谈生意、话家常、说乐子，当地人可以花上几小时一起谈天、饮茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。从牛肉丸到肠粉，烤、煮、蒸、炸的菜品各式各样。来一次不足以尝个遍，我列出了一个长长的清单，都是以后要品尝的点心。
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)expand vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
(1)expand the influence 扩大影响
expand the market 扩大市场
expand production 扩大生产
expand wings 展开翅膀
expand the business 扩展业务
expand to 扩展到……
expand (...) into... (把……)扩展成……
expand the house into a hotel 把房子扩展成旅馆
expand on/upon sth. 进一步阐述，详谈，充分叙述
(2)expansion n. (尺寸、范围、数量等的)扩大；增加；(公司、企业等的)扩张；详述；展开；扩充
In ten years the city's population has expanded by 12%.
十年之中，该市人口增加了12%。
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富，海伦问的问题越来越多。
We've expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两家商店以扩展业务。
All the details are in the book，and I need not expand on it.
情节都在书上呢，我无须详述。
Heat causes the expansion of gases.热使气体膨胀。
This book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.
这本书是他以前写的剧本的扩充。
Water expands as it freezes.水结冰时会膨胀。

词语辨析
expand与spread
(1)expand指扩大面积或体积，也指把合拢的东西放开(即三维)
This county has expanded its area under cultivation by more than 50，000 mu.该县增加了50 000多亩耕地。
(2)spread指向四面八方扩大范围。
Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded.
一辆装有化学品的卡车爆炸后火势迅速蔓延开来。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The society expanded ________ a worldwide organization.
②The town has now expanded _______ twice its original size.
③For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, ___________ (expand) their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.
into
to
to expand
④In his lecture the teacher expanded _______ the uses of the English subjunctive mood.
⑤The future ____________ (expand) of the business calls for two new factories.
on
expansion
2)multiple adj.数量多的，多样的　multiply vi.& vt.乘，增加　multiplication n．乘法
(1)multiple formats 多种格式
multiple challenges 多重挑战
multiple models 多型号
multiple choice questions 多项选择题
(2)multiply...by 以……乘
multiply five by three 三乘以五
multiplication table 乘法口诀表
The children should be trained to have multiple interests.
应该培养孩子们有多方面的兴趣。
In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
在一个温度上升了3摄氏度的世界里，它(模型)发现海洋的颜色会发生多重变化。
What do you get if you multiply six by nine
6乘以9等于多少？
联想拓展
“加减乘除”表示法：
add v．加；增加plus prep.加(上)
subtract v．减；减去 minus prep.减(去)
times prep.乘以divide v．除；(使)相除
2＋2＝4 Two plus/added to two is four.
4－2＝2 Four minus two is two.
Two subtracted from four is two.
2×2＝4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.
4÷2＝2 Four divided by two is two.
即学即练　完成句子
①The government performed competently in the face of _______________ (多重挑战).
②This digital audio player supports ______________ (多种格式).
③The _____________________ (多项选择题) must be answered within a strict time limit.
multiple challenges
multiple formats
multiple-choice questions
3)plain adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的　n．平原　plainly adv.朴素地；清晰地，明显地；直截了当地
be plain with sb.　　　对某人直言不讳
be plain about sth. 对某事直言不讳
It is quite plain that... ……是很明显的；显然……
I will be plain with you and tell you the truth.
我跟你开门见山地说实话。
It's quite plain that you haven't been paying attention.
你显然一直都没好好地留意。
They still like simple food and plain clothes though they are much better off now.
尽管现在富裕多了，他们还是喜欢吃简单的食物、穿朴素的衣服。
The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色平原。
You are plainly unwilling to cooperate.你显然不愿合作。
Say what you have to say plainly. Don't go all round the circle to get here.你该说的就直说吧，不用转弯抹角。
联想拓展
in plain English/language 用简单的英语/语言
a plain white blouse 一件朴素的白衬衫
a plain wooden table 一张朴素的木桌
a plain gold wedding ring 一枚式样简单的黄金婚戒
a plain and truthful answer 坦率而真实的回答
即学即练　单句语法填空/写出句中plain的词性及词义
①He was quite plain _______ his feeling on the matter.
②I'll be plain _______ you.I don't like the idea.
③How could you not notice that girl She was ______ plain sight all night.
④She was ____________ (plain) dressed and wore no make up.
about
with
in
plainly
⑤A little mountain stream is dashing down to the plain.____________
⑥The meaning of the sentence is quite plain.____________
⑦The excuse for me, however, was not youth but plain stupidity.____________
n.平原
adj.清楚的
adj.纯粹的
4)appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的　appropriateness n．[U]合适
(1)an appropriate time/place　　　合适的时间/地点
an appropriate response/measure/method
恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施/恰当的方法
be appropriate for/to sth. 适合……
a style appropriate to the age of the children 适合儿童的风格
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是
合适的
It is appropriate that... ……是恰当的

(2)appropriately adv. 恰当地，合适地
inappropriate adj. 不适当的，不合适的
inappropriate behaviour/language 不恰当的行为/语言
I don't feel that this is an appropriate time to mention the subject.
我觉得这个时候不适合提这个话题。
Make sure your message is appropriate for each individual.
确保你写给每个人的祝福语是合适的。
It is not appropriate to ask such personal questions in an interview.
在采访中问这样的私人问题是不合适的。
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这种场合中作出更恰当的反应。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Try to dress ____________ (appropriate) for each occasion.
②Ask your doctor whether these treatments are appropriate _________ you.
③It is often appropriate ________ (use) the local dialect to communicate your message.
④_______ is entirely appropriate that his music should be played at this festival.
appropriately
for
to use
It
⑤Jeans are not appropriate ________ a formal party.
⑥The authorities have been accused of not responding ____________ (appropriate) to the needs of the homeless.
⑦It is not particularly appropriate ________ (tip) a bus driver.
for/to
appropriately
to tip
5)estimate vt.估计，估价　n．估计；估计的成本
(1)It is estimated (that)... 据估计，……
be estimated to be/have/cost sth. 被估计为/有/价值……
estimate sth. at... 估计某物为……
(2)a rough estimate 粗略的估计
a ballpark estimate (＝an approximate estimate)
大致的估计
It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.
据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
这棵树估计至少有700年树龄。
They estimate the cost at 800 yuan. 他们估计费用为800元。
The university estimates the cost of living for international students at about $8 450 a year.
据该大学估计，国际学生每年的生活费约为8 450美元。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I know him well enough to form _______ estimate of his abilities.
②The cost of building railways ____________(estimate) at 30 million yuan.
③It is estimated _________ up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts.
④The police estimated the number of tourists ________ about 20，000.
an
was estimated
that
at
6)consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)　consumer n．消费者　consumption n．消费
(1)consume time 消耗时间
consume large amounts of fossil fuel 消耗大量的矿物燃料
consume all the hamburgers 吃光所有的汉堡
consume a large quantity of alcohol 喝大量的酒
consume the whole city 吞噬整个城市
(2)consume 其他词义：使充满(强烈的感情)；烧毁
be consumed with 充满……
be consumed with guilt 深感内疚
be consumed by fire 被大火吞噬
a consumer protection center 消费者保护中心
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
孩子们很快便把桌子上的所有食物吃光了。
Alcohol can do harm to the liver if consumed in large quantities.
如果大量饮酒，那会对肝脏造成伤害。
We have to replace these old lamps with the new energy efficient ones, because they consume too much electricity.
我们必须把这些旧灯换成新的节能灯，因为它们太耗电。
Cars that consume less fuel are particularly popular with young people.耗油量较低的汽车在年轻人中尤其受欢迎。
The electricity consumption is so great in our city that I strongly suggest all us consumers should never leave our lights on when we go out.
我们城市的用电量如此之大，我强烈建议我们所有的用户出门时千万不要忘记关灯。
即学即练　判断下列句子中consume的含义/用consume的适当形式填空/完成句子
①Our high living standards cause our present population to consume
25 percent of the world's oil.____________
②According to a survey，40 grams of meat per day is what people should consume in order to stay fit.____________
③Phone carriers and ____________ need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.
消耗
吃
consumers
④The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain (消耗)— ____________ of energy—on the body.
⑤在任务负载非常重时，处理器会因调度消耗大量的时间，用于任务本身的时间就非常少了。
At very high loads, the processor can ________________ scheduling and devote little time to the tasks themselves.
consumption
be consumed with
7)essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的，基本的　n．必需品；要点，要素　essentially adv.本质上，根本上
the bare essentials (＝the most necessary things) 最基本的用品
the essentials of English grammar 英语语法基础
be essential for/to... 对……来说是极为重要的
It is essential (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是完全必要的。
It is essential that... ……是必要/至关重要的。
(that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略)
Advanced technology is essential to the advance of society.
先进的技术对社会的进步是极为重要的。
It's essential for high and new tech enterprises to strengthen competitive power.
增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说是极其重要的。
It is essential that your diet (should) be varied and balanced.
你的饮食要多样化且均衡，这至关重要。
The essential difference between Sara and me is the fact that I take life seriously.
我与萨拉的根本区别在于我是认真对待生活的这一事实。
特别提示
句式“It is＋adj.＋that...”中的形容词是essential，important, necessary，natural等时，从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语应使用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
①It is essential that you (should) come home early.你有必要早点回家。
②It is important that he (should) attend the conference next week.
重要的是他应该参加下周的会议。
③It is necessary that he (should) read English aloud every day.
他每天大声读英语是很有必要的。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The possession of a passport is essential ____________ foreign travels.
②It is essential that he ____________ (send) there at once.
③History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.It is ________ essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
④Most people hold the belief that it's essential ________ (wear) a surgical mask to control the spread of COVID 19.
for/to
(should) be sent
an　
to wear
(8)take off （飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服）；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；突然成功；休假
(1)a plane takes off 飞机起飞
take off one's coat/shirt/boots 脱下大衣/衬衫/靴子
take a few days off 休息几天
(2)take on 承担；呈现；雇用
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
take down 记下；拿下
take in 吸收；领会；欺骗
take over 接管；接收
take apart 拆开
take back 拿回；撤销；收回(说错的话)；退回
take away 拿走；夺去
take out 带……出去；提取
He came in and took off his coat.他走了进来，脱掉大衣。
The plane took off despite the fog.尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。
In 1944, his career took off.1944年，他的事业飞黄腾达。
Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫会呈现出周围环境的颜色以保护自己。
She took up a pen and wrote down her name and address.
她拿起钢笔写下了她的名字和地址。
After he graduated，he took up the study of space.
他毕业后就开始从事太空研究。
Writing the paper took up most of my weekend.
写论文占去了我周末的大部分时间。
The plants have taken in abundant nutrition from under the ground.这些植物从地下吸收了丰富的营养。
When taking in the meaning of a new word, you'd better mark it out.理解新单词的意思时，你最好标注一下。
⑩Apparently she took Tom in completely with her story.
显然，她的一番花言巧语完全把汤姆蒙骗住了。
John will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
米切尔退休后，约翰将接任总经理一职。
You cannot take over the store unless you deposit in advance.
你只有先交订金才能接手这个商铺。
语境助记
①I took off my T shirt and dived into the water.
我脱下T恤衫，潜入水中。
②If I buy something and he doesn't like it, I'll take it back．
如果我买了什么东西，他不喜欢，我就退掉它。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He took _________ the telephone receiver and began to dial.
②Many businesses started up by college students have taken ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
③He's spoken to a publishing company. They're going to take him _________．
④She decided that I was the ideal person to take _________ the job.
up
off
on
over
⑤The accident happened as the jet was about to take ________．
⑥He took _________ a dictionary from the top shelf.
⑦She read a few poems，but did not take them ________．
⑧My little son likes to take ________ his toy cars.
off　
down
in
apart
9)appetite n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望；爱好，嗜好
promote appetite 增进食欲
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
develope an appetite for... 对……提起胃口
ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
lose one's appetite 失去胃口
have an appetite for 喜欢，爱好
have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣
have an amazing appetite for knowledge 求知欲极强
an appetite for sth. 对……的强烈欲望
a good/healthy appetite 好胃口
a big/huge appetite 胃口大/极大
Exercise gives her a good appetite.运动使她胃口大开。
Mr Black has developed an appetite for Chinese food.
布莱克先生喜欢上了吃中国食物。
The smell ruined my appetite，and I pushed the dish away.
那气味破坏了我的食欲，我把菜推开了。
He has an appetite for classical music.他很喜欢古典音乐。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.
此刻她对流言蜚语没有兴趣。
联想拓展
appetite→appetizing adj.
开胃的；促进食欲的
→ appetising adj.
促进食欲的；美味可口的；
开胃的，诱人的
→ appetitive adj.
食欲的；有食欲的；开胃的
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He has ____________ appetite for writing.
②All kinds of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of satisfying readers' appetite ____________ specific knowledge.
an
for
10)emphasis n.(pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读　emphasize vt.强调；重视；重读
(1)lay/put/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……
give emphasis to 强调，着重
(2)emphasize the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性
emphasize sth. to sb. 向某人强调某事
emphasize three rules 强调三条规则
Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on reading and writing.
这里的学校非常重视阅读和写作。
The government gave much emphasis to the problem of traffic jams.政府非常重视交通堵塞问题。
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.我们再怎样强调学英语的重要性也不为过。
He only emphasized his own interests to us at the conference.
他在会上只向我们强调了他自己的利益。
近义词
stress vt.强调
highlight vt.强调
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Our English course places great emphasis __________ conversational skills.
②We cannot __________ (emphasis) the importance of protecting the environment too much because we have only one Earth.
on/upon
emphasize
11)edge n.边，边缘；刀口
on edge 紧张不安；急切
on the edge of... 在……的边(缘)上；濒于；快要；将近
at the edge of... 在……的边缘
at the edge of the desert/woods/forest 在沙漠/树林/森林边缘
a big house at the edge of town 城边的一栋大房子
the edge of the table 桌边
at the water's edge 在水边
Stand the coin on its edge. 让硬币竖起来。
She was always on edge before an interview.
她在面试前总是紧张不安。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark.在夹克的边缘，有一块布在黑暗中发光。
We all know that the panda is a species that is on the edge of extinction.我们都知道熊猫是一种濒临灭绝的物种。
At the edge of the desert, he came across a deserted church.
在沙漠的边缘地带，他碰巧发现了一座被遗弃的教堂。
比较
at the edge of不特指在物体的表面之上， on the edge of指在物体的表面之上。
即学即练　完成句子
①The hotel is situated ________________(在……边缘) the town.
②They have driven the rhino to ________________ (灭绝的边缘).
③Just the sound of her voice sets my teeth ___________ (紧张不安).
at the edge of
the edge of extinction
on edge
12)apart adv.成碎片；分开；相隔；除外
come/fall apart 崩溃；破裂
take sth. apart 拆开某物
tell...apart 把……区分开来
apart from(＝besides) 除……之外(还)
(＝except) 除……之外
Don't stand on that old chair—it's likely to fall apart at any moment.别站在那把旧椅子上——它随时都可能散架。
They used to be close friends，but fell apart not long ago.
他们曾经是亲密的朋友，但不久前关系破裂了。
I can't tell the twins apart.我分不清这对双胞胎。
Rod loves taking clocks apart. However, he never manages to put them together again.
罗德喜欢拆卸钟表，但他从不能再把它们组装起来。
Apart from math his grades are very good.
除了数学，他的分数非常好。
Apart from London, we also visited Paris and Berlin.
除了伦敦，我们还去了巴黎和柏林。
特别提示
拆开机器
take apart the machine (√)
take the machine apart (√)
把它/它们拆开
take it/them apart (√)
take apart it/them (×)
即学即练　用apart的相关短语完成句子
①我经常读这本书，它都快散架了。
I've read the book so often and it's _____________．
②我们把电脑拆开了，看看出了什么问题。
We ____________________ to see what was wrong.
falling apart
took the computer apart
③甚至我们的父母有时也很难区分我和我弟弟。
Even our parents sometimes have trouble _______________________．
④除了小提琴之外，他可以演奏所有乐器。
He can play all musical instruments _________________．
telling me and my brother apart
apart from the violin
第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在寒冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。)
[句式分析]　本句属于“主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语)”结构，意为“……被认为……”；后面的to keep warm during the cold and wet winters是动词不定式短语作主语补足语。
“主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语)”句型
该句型的具体用法为：
(1)该结构意为“……被认为……”，动词不定式(短语)根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即：
The vase is believed to be worth a lot of money.
人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。
Chinese is believed to be used even more widely in the future world.
人们认为汉语在未来世界的使用将会更加广泛。
Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago.
人们认为，楼兰在数百年前被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。
(2)该句型可与“It's believed that...”互换。
He is believed to be a learned and modest scholar.
＝It's believed that he is a learned and modest scholar.
他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。
语境助记
常用于该句型过去分词还有said, thought, considered, hoped, reported等。
I haven't seen Jack for many years. He is said to be living in China now.
＝I haven't seen Jack for many years.It's said that he is living in China now.
我很多年没有见到杰克了。据说，他现在在中国居住。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①In terms of skill, David is believed ____________ (be) one of the best and most talented basketball players in our team.
②He is thought ____________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
③The project is hoped ____________ (complete) by the end of 2023，which will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.
④—I haven't seen Bob for days.What happened to him
—He is said ____________ (look) after his wife in the hospital.
to be
to have acted
to be completed
to be looking
2)(教材原句)What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。)
[句式分析]　本句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
(1)在复合句中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。
(2)what引导主语从句时表示“……的事物”，what在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What makes our school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
让我们学校出名的是超过百分之九十的学生都被大学录取了。(What在主语从句中作主语)
We should keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
我们应记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相。(what在主语从句中作宾语)
What the kind man's name is remains unknown to us.
我们仍然不知道那位好心人叫什么名字。(What在主语从句中作表语)
What job he is doing now is very important to his family.
他现在在做什么工作对他的家庭来说很重要。(What在主语从句中作定语)
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ excited Jenny most was that she finally succeeded in what seemed to be the most difficult exam to her.
②From the bottom of my heart, ____________ I want to say to you is “Thank you！”
③你今天的所作所为会对你明天的生活有影响。
________________ will make a difference to your life tomorrow.
What
what
What you do today
3)(教材原句)In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
在广州，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“饮茶未？”(粤语，意为“你吃早茶了吗？”一译者注)成了当地人问候早安的方式。
It is such a little dog that it can't run fast.
这是一只小狗，它跑不快。
It is such an expensive car that we can't afford it.
这车太贵了，我们买不起。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.
这些苹果是如此好，以至于我们想要吃它们。
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.
天气这么好，他们都去游泳了。
This teacher is so kind that we all like him.
这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.
我摔了很多跤，到处都疼。
There is so little water in the glass that I can't drink any more.
杯子里的水太少了，我不能再喝了。
特别提示
(1)such＋a (n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＝so＋adj.＋a (n)＋可数名词单数
such a difficult problem＝so difficult a problem
such a good teacher＝so good a teacher
(2)在so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
So fast does light travel that we can
hardly imagine its speed.
光速如此之快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
So excited was Mike that he forgot to bring me the gift.
迈克是如此兴奋，竟然忘记给我带礼物了。
Such a big mistake did he make that the teacher criticized him.
他犯了一个大错，老师批评了他。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Miss Gao asked so difficult ________ question that nobody could answer it.
②They are ________ interesting films that we all enjoy seeing them.
③We have ________ little money that we can't lend you any.
④He seems such a nice man ________ we all believe him.
a
such
so
that
4)(教材原句)Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing！
如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！
[句式分析]　It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
it为形式主语， that 从句是真正的主语， that在从句中仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，也无实际意义。
“It＋be＋过去分词 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句．”句式可以进行转换：
It is said that he is 108 years old now.＝He is said to be 108 years old now.＝People say that he is 108 years old now.
据说他现在108岁了。
It is said that about 20% of 25 34 year olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
据说25～34岁的人中有约20%和父母住在一起，而在1991年这一比例为16%。
即学即练　完成句子/句式转换
①众所周知，杨利伟是中国第一位飞入太空的航天员。
_______________ Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to fly into space.
②It is announced that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
→Professor Wang is announced _________ to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
It is known that
to come
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If a tooth feels very ________ (松的)，your dentist may recommend that it be taken out.
2．It's quite ________ (有雾的) now，so the traffic is very heavy.
3．The government performed competently in the face of ________ (数量多的) challenges.
4．The parents don't allow their son to touch that bowl with a ________ (精致的) pattern of flowers.
loose　
foggy　
multiple　
delicate　
5．In the circumstances，Paisley's plans looked highly ________ (合适的).
6．Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they have ________ (消耗).
7．We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage ________ (创新) so that we can finish the work perfectly.
8．Your encouragement will ________ (刺激) me to further efforts.
9．They looked at him with a ________ (混合物) of horror, envy and awe.
appropriate
consumed　
innovation　
stimulate　
mixture
10．The plants grow best in cool, ________ (潮湿的) conditions.
11．Businesses have a golden opportunity to ________ (发展) into new markets.
12．She swapped her ________ (朴素的) suit for an elegant dress.
13．Compare the physical ________ (性质) of the two substances.
14．It is hard to ________ (估计) how many children suffer from dyslexia.
15．It's a ________ (概念) that is difficult to render into English.
damp　
expand　
plain　
properties　
estimate
concept　
16．There's a lot of food —I hope you have a good ________ (胃口).
17．He placed great ________ (重视) on the importance of family life and ties.
18．Put the meat in the centre of the dish，with the vegetables around the ________ (边缘).
appetite　
emphasis　
edge
Ⅱ.短语填空
let loose, expand on/upon, cater to, hit the spot, be essential to, take off, appetite for, lay emphasis on, at the edge of, fall apart
1．The parents don't permit their children to play ____________ the river.
2．It will ____________ take responsibility for our own actions.
3．They only publish novels which ____________ the mass market.
4．The politician used today's speech to ____________ his new theory.
at the edge of
be essential to
cater to
expand on/upon
5．She favours dessert, so the ice cream ____________．
6．The young couple declared that their marriage wouldn't ____________．
7．Most children have an ____________ doing scientific experiment.
8．He can't _________ the lid of the container; it's stuck.
9．The deadly bacteria, once ____________， are hard to control.
10．We should ____________ the protection of the traditional Chinese herb.
hits the spot
fall apart
appetite for
take off
let loose
lay emphasis on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．_______ is estimated that lack of exercise could be responsible for around one in ten cases of heart disease and cause most of the health problems.
2．It is essential that these application forms ____________ (send) back as soon as possible.
3．All my students have an appetite _______ knowledge, making the most of every minute to read.
It
(should) be sent
for
4．I think we should put as much emphasis ____________ preventing disease as we do on curing it.
5．The key to funny advertising is making sure that the humor is appropriate ____________ the product.
6．Linda，together with her brothers，____________ (be) spending the holiday in Chile when the severe earthquake broke out.
7．He had lost weight and the suit hung ____________ (loose) on him.
on
for/to
was
loosely
8．____________ (plain), a more objective method of description must be adopted.
9．The team is now a good ____________ (mix) of experience and youth.
10．As often as not the buses are late on ____________ (fog) days.
Plainly
mixture
foggy
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边与朋友保持联系。我们所需要的就是无线上网系统。
Nowadays, we can travel round the world and stay in touch with friends at the same time. _______________ Wi Fi.(主语从句)
What we need is
2．青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的一部分，仅在非洲每年就可以拯救10万人的生命。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and _________________ 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.(“ 主语＋be believed＋不定式”句型)
3．重要的是你的饮食是多样而平衡的。
_______________ your diet is varied and balanced.
it is believed to save
It is essential that
4．他多进行锻炼是恰当的。
________________ he should do more exercise.
5．据估计，去年有30%的风电没有得到利用。
________________ 30% of last year's wind power supply went unused.
It is appropriate that
It is estimated that
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
In 2015, researchers from Australia's Deakin University published one of the first studies measuring food's physical effect on the left hippocampus (海马体), a seahorse-shaped brain region crucial for memory, learning, and decision making. It is also one of the first areas to shrink in people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia (痴呆). 255 people filled out diet surveys and then underwent MRI (磁共振扫描成像) that measured their brains. Four years later, they returned for another scan in response to a request from the researchers.
The study found that the left hippocampus was bigger and heavier in the healthy eaters than in the unhealthy ones, regardless of age, sex, weight, exercise habits, or general health. That means eating the right foods and skipping the wrong stuff could help protect against declines in thinking and memory that lead to dementia. Healthy eating doesn't just prevent brain decline. It raises scores on thinking and memory tests, according to a study published in March 2019 that tracked 2，621 American women and men for 30 years.
“Green leafy vegetables have good effects that may protect both females and males against cognitive (认知的) decline and dementia，” says lead researcher Claire McEvoy, RD, of the Centre for Public Health at Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland.
Even a little healthy food goes a long way. According to a 2018 Rush University study that tracked 960 people for 4.7 years, participants who ate just 1.3 extra servings of green leafy vegetables a day showed cognitive abilities similar to those of people 11 years younger.
How are these power foods working with your brain cells Animal and test-tube experiments suggest that compounds in healthy diets help new cells make copies of DNA when they divide and multiply. Meanwhile, high-fat, high-sugar processed foods harm brain cells.
While food serves as an important brain protector, experts say brain supplements (补品) aren't all that effective. Studies show that they don't make brain cells active in a significantly positive way. “Let the buyer be cautious，” says David Hogan, MD, a specialist at the University of Calgary.
A study of nootropics (益智药) in the November 2019 Journal of the American Medical Association revealed that the unapproved drug—piracetam (乙酰胺吡咯烷酮) was found in four out of five brands tested, at levels that could cause side effects such as depression.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了健康饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对大脑的影响——可以预防老年痴呆。
1．Why did the researchers have the 255 people return for another MRI scan four years later？(　　)
A．To test whether they had Alzheimer's disease.
B．To see what effects diets had on the left hippocampus.
C．To study how they kept healthy in the four years.
D.To deepen their research into Alzheimer's disease.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知，他们回来是为了再做一次扫描来给实验提供数据，也就是说研究者想看看饮食对左海马体有什么影响。故选B。
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2？(　　)
A. Healthy eating helps to reduce the risk of dementia.
B．Unhealthy diet is a major contributing factor in cognitive decline.
C．Age and sex have nothing to do with our general health.
D．Plant-based diets have greater effects on women than men.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，吃健康的食物是对左侧海马体有积极的影响的，健康的饮食有助于降低患痴呆症的风险。故选A。
3．Which of the following would David Hogan most probably agree with？(　　)
A.Brain supplements are as helpful as healthy diets.
B.We'd better take brain supplements for convenience.
C.We should be careful when taking brain supplements.
D.Brain supplements have as many side effects as processed foods.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Let the buyers be cautious”可知，我们在服用大脑补品时应该小心。因为他发现有些药可以导致像抑郁症这样的副作用的。故选C。
4．What might be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Yes to Green Leafy Vegetables
B．Yes to Nootropics
C．No to Intelligence
D．No to Dementia
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文都在讲健康的饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对海马体的积极影响。故选A。
B
Feeling hungry Then what's the easiest way to satisfy your hunger Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy and stressful lives add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.
Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our desires at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the epidemic, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It's estimated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 dishes from 60, 000 restaurants.
It's no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and enjoy something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain diseases. A few years ago, the BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice is to find a cooking book and try making your own healthy meal. And if you haven't got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单，加上人们生活忙碌紧张使得外卖食品在人们生活中越来越普遍。但从健康方面考虑，外卖食品存在着弊端。最健康的选择是自己做饭，如果没有时间，就尽量点健康的食物。
5．What has made ordering and delivering takeaway food easy？(　　)
A．The fast-pace lifestyle.
B．Takeaway delivery apps.
C. The coronavirus crisis.
D．Lack of cooking skills.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“外卖递送应用程序让点餐变得又快又方便”和“这三款最大的送餐应用共提供来自6万家餐厅的100道菜的选择”可知外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单。故选B。
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Processed food is usually sold at a low price.
B．It's unbelievable for people to enjoy fast food.
C．Fast food does less harm to the health of adults.
D．The youth consume fast food more frequently.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，几年前，BBC美食国度调查发现，大多数人平均每周有两天吃快餐。但是现在，在16到20岁的人群中，六分之一的人每天至少吃两次快餐。通过对比可知现在年轻人吃快餐更频繁。故选D。
7．According to the article, how can you eat most healthily？(　　)
A．Preparing meals yourself.
B．Eating in large restaurants.
C．Eating takeaway occasionally.
D．Adding vegetables and fruit.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the best advice is to find a cooking book and try making your own healthy meal.”可知找一本烹饪书，试着自己做健康的饭菜才是最健康的选择。故选A。
8．What's the text mainly about？(　　)
A．The popularity of takeaway.
B．The necessity of cooking at home.
C．The harm caused by takeaway.
D．The dilemma takeaway faces.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。第二段第二句说明了外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单，尤其在疫情期间成了部分人的救生索。第三段介绍了常吃外卖食品不健康，但外卖订餐越来越普遍的现状。这些说明了外卖食品的两面性，“The dilemma takeaway faces”全面概括了文章内容。而其他选项均是文章内容的某一方面。故选D。
C
Children experience advertisements in many forms—on TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, movies, the Internet, text messages, social media and more. And advertisements work on children. For example, the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for. This is why it's important for children to learn that advertisements are trying to make people purchase something. And advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.
Advertisements affect children in different ways. How children think of advertisements can depend on several things, including their age, what they know or have experienced.
At 0—2 years old, children can't tell the difference between advertisements and actual programmes.
At 3—6 years old, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programmes, but they don't understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to think of advertisements as being funny.
At 7—11 years old, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques (策略) like advertisements overstating (夸大) how good products are. However, they might not always understand that products aren't as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products' bad points.
To limit the effects of advertising on school-age children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements and encourage their children to think about what they're trying to do.
It's a good idea to focus on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. Ask questions like: What's the product in this advertisement What is it for Who is it for
They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同年龄段的孩子对广告的不同认知以及家长如何引导孩子正确看待广告。
9．What does the underlined word “purchase” in Paragraph 1 mean？(　　)
A．Watch. B．Say.
C．Buy. D．Discuss.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“And advertisements work on children.For example，the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for.”可知，广告对孩子是有影响的，一个孩子看电视的时间越多，这个孩子想要的玩具可能就越多。结合语境，尤其是根据“want and ask for”可推测，广告就是要让人们买东西，故画线词的意思是“购买”。故选C项。
10．What do children aged 0—2 think of advertisements？(　　)
A．They are pretty funny.
B．They are trying to sell toys.
C．They are being shown in many ways.
D.They are no different from other programmes.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“At 0—2 years old，children can't tell the difference between advertisements and actual programmes.”可知，0到2岁的孩子无法区分广告和真正的节目，即他们认为广告和其他节目没有区别。故选D项。
11．At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth？(　　)
A．2. B．3.
C．5. D．8.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“At 7—11 years old...they can...recognize some advertising techniques like advertisements overstating how good products are.”可知，7到11岁的孩子知道广告讲的不是事实。D项在上述年龄段中。故选D项。
12．How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children？(　　)
A.By guiding them to see through advertisements.
B.By teaching them how to run advertisements.
C.By buying advertised products and comparing them.
D.By talking about the most successful advertisements.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后三段中的“the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements”和“Ask questions like：What's the product in this advertisement What is it for Who is it for？”以及“They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product.”可知，父母应该和孩子谈论广告，让孩子对广告的目的进行思考，并谈论广告推销产品所使用的技巧。由此推测，父母可以通过引导孩子识破广告的目的来限制广告对孩子的影响。故选A项。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
We are currently living in a world 1.________ rapid advances in medicine and technology influence our lives on 2.________ regular basis. One technology, which in recent years 3.________________________ (develop) very quickly, is cloning.
where
a
has developed/has been developing
Clones refer to animals or plants that are produced to be exact 4.________ (copy) of one another. Clones of different kinds are produced in various ways, and they have become 5.________ (value) in many medical applications and biological experiments. Most are produced in the laboratory, with some of them 6.________ (occur) in several species in a natural way.
copies
valuable
occurring
A report in 2018 had pictures of Macaque monkeys that had been cloned successfully. Since they are primates (灵长目动物) like us, it gets us to come even 7.________ (close) to find the right procedures of the cloning of humans.
This comes to the question why we would need or want to do this. Would it be 8.________ the best interest of humankind to develop this technology
closer
in
Besides, the moral questions that will be raised 9.________ (be) unbelievable, and would it be an accomplishment that could benefit humankind enough 10.__________ (balance) the ill effects that it might produce
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞速发展的医学和技术常常影响着我们的生活， 其中一项技术就是克隆。本文重点介绍了克隆的概念、现状以及存在的一些问题。
are
to balance
1．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以发现， 空前是主句， 空处引导定语从句， 修饰先行词world, 空处在从句中作地点状语， 故用where。
2．解析：考查冠词。句意：飞速发展的医学和技术常常影响我们的生活。on a regular basis“定期地， 经常地”，故填不定冠词a。
3．解析：考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知， develop的动作从过去开始持续到现在， 并有可能持续下去， 故应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时， 故用has developed/has been developing。
4．解析：考查名词复数。copy在此表示“复制品”， 是可数名词。根据后面的one another“彼此， 互相”可知， 此处copy不止一个， 故用copy的复数形式。
5．解析：考查形容词。句意：克隆在很多医疗应用和生物实验中变得很重要。根据语境和系动词后跟形容词的用法可知， 此处用value的形容词形式。valuable“珍贵的， 很重要的， 有用的。”
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数克隆是在实验室中进行的， 还有一些在一些物种身上自然发生。逗号前是完整的一个句子， 逗号后是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构， 因为occur是不及物动词， 且occur与其主语在逻辑上是主谓关系， 故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
7．解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句意和空前的even可知， 空处应用副词的比较级closer。
8．解析：考查介词。in the best interest of...意思是“对……最有利”， 固定搭配。
9．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实， 故用一般现在时； 由句子主语moral questions为复数可知， 谓语动词应用are。
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它会是一个可以让人类所获益处足以抵消它带来的负面影响的成就吗？ enough to do sth. “足够做某事”。