语法精讲③ 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语有两种不同的含义：
(1)表示主语的内容是什么。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.
真正的问题是了解学生的需求。
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
(2)表示主语具有的特征。
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
It is astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.
看到了在世界上其他地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.
宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。
比较：
一般说来，动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。
It's not good for you to smoke so much.
吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。(具体)
They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
他们天冷时更喜欢待在室内。(泛指)
Would you prefer to stay at home this evening
今晚你想待在家里吗？(具体)
2．动词-ed形式作表语
(1)动词-ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared.
学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was closed.
我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars.
她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到满意。
Hearing the news，he looked disappointed.
听到这个消息，他看起来很失望。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year.
山顶上终年被积雪覆盖。
(2)-ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。-ed形式作表语表示状态，被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。
All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语，表示状态)
All the doors were locked by the guard.
所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态，表示动作)
Peter the Great is buried here.
彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语，表示状态)
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.
彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态，表示动作)
3．-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别
(1)动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思；而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
他们听到那可怕的声音感到很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene，all the people present were moved.
看到这么动人的情景，在场的所有人都感动了。
(2)一些动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的词(如pleased，tired, excited，disappointed，puzzling，surprising，disappointing，exciting，moving等)已经变成形容词，可以被very，too，greatly等表示程度的副词修饰。一些(如amused，puzzled，relaxed等)不能被very，too修饰。只能被much修饰。
These problems are very puzzling.
这些问题很令人迷惑。
The football match was very exciting.
足球赛非常令人激动。
She is greatly pleased with the result.
她对结果非常满意。
We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.
他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very moving.
他的演讲非常感人。
(3)有时动词-ing形式表示主语所指的内容，这时动词-ing形式可以带有逻辑主语或者宾语。而动词-ed形式则不行。如：
My aim is everybody's having a good time.
我的目标是让每个人都玩得开心。
My job is teaching senior high school students.
我的工作是教高中生。
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
1．My job is ____________ (teach) you English.
2．The news is very ____________ (excite). After hearing the news, we feel quite ____________ (excite).
3．The story was ____________ (move). We were all deeply ____________ (move) by the story.
4．The window is ____________ (break); you'd better have it repaired.
5．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes, so he doesn't feel ____________ (challenge).
6．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ____________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
7．We got a little ____________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
8．While waiting for the opportunity to get ____________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
9．For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying __________ (connect).
10．It is easy to get ____________ (discourage) when things are going bad.
11．Please remain ____________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
12．The children will get ____________ (confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time.
13．The development of our aviation industry is quite __________ (encourage).
14．What he has done is really ____________ (disappoint). Now his parents are ____________ (disappoint) with him.
15．Word came that the audience were not ____________ (satisfy) with the commercial performance.
16．All of us were ________________ (puzzle) by the question ________________ (raise) by a six-year-old boy.
语法精讲③ 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
1．teaching 2.exciting; excited 3.moving; moved
4．broken 5.challenged 6.swept 7.sunburned/sunburnt 8.promoted 9.connected 10.discouraged 11.seated
12．confused 13.encouraging 14.disappointing; disappointed 15.satisfied 16.puzzled; raised
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共17张PPT)
语法精讲 ③
动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语有两种不同的含义：
(1)表示主语的内容是什么。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.
真正的问题是了解学生的需求。
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
(2)表示主语具有的特征。
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
It is astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.
看到了在世界上其他地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.
宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。
比较：
一般说来，动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。
It's not good for you to smoke so much.
吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。(具体)
They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
他们天冷时更喜欢待在室内。(泛指)
Would you prefer to stay at home this evening
今晚你想待在家里吗？(具体)
2．动词-ed形式作表语
(1)动词-ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared.
学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was closed.
我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars.
她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到满意。
Hearing the news，he looked disappointed.
听到这个消息，他看起来很失望。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year.
山顶上终年被积雪覆盖。
(2)-ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。-ed形式作表语表示状态，被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。
All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语，表示状态)
All the doors were locked by the guard.
所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态，表示动作)
Peter the Great is buried here.
彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语，表示状态)
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.
彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态，表示动作)
3．-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别
(1)动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思；而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
他们听到那可怕的声音感到很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene，all the people present were moved.
看到这么动人的情景，在场的所有人都感动了。
(2)一些动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的词(如pleased，tired, excited，disappointed，puzzling，surprising，disappointing，exciting，moving等)已经变成形容词，可以被very，too，greatly等表示程度的副词修饰。一些(如amused，puzzled，relaxed等)不能被very，too修饰。只能被much修饰。
These problems are very puzzling.
这些问题很令人迷惑。
The football match was very exciting.
足球赛非常令人激动。
She is greatly pleased with the result.
她对结果非常满意。
We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.
他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very moving.
他的演讲非常感人。
(3)有时动词-ing形式表示主语所指的内容，这时动词-ing形式可以带有逻辑主语或者宾语。而动词-ed形式则不行。如：
My aim is everybody's having a good time.
我的目标是让每个人都玩得开心。
My job is teaching senior high school students.
我的工作是教高中生。
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
1．My job is ____________ (teach) you English.
2．The news is very ____________ (excite). After hearing the news, we feel quite ___________ (excite).
3．The story was __________ (move). We were all deeply __________ (move) by the story.
4．The window is ____________ (break); you'd better have it repaired.
teaching
exciting
excited
moving
moved
broken
5．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes, so he doesn't feel ____________ (challenge).
6．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ____________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
7．We got a little ________________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
8．While waiting for the opportunity to get ____________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
challenged
swept
sunburned/sunburnt
promoted
9．For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying __________ (connect).
10．It is easy to get ____________ (discourage) when things are going bad.
11．Please remain ____________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
12．The children will get ____________ (confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time.
connected
discouraged
seated
confused
13．The development of our aviation industry is quite __________ (encourage).
14．What he has done is really ____________ (disappoint). Now his parents are ____________ (disappoint) with him.
15．Word came that the audience were not ____________ (satisfy) with the commercial performance.
16．All of us were ___________ (puzzle) by the question ___________ (raise) by a six-year-old boy.
encouraging
disappointing
disappointed
satisfied
puzzled
raised
