Unit 1 People of Achievement 定语从句 课件(共25张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

(共25张PPT)
Learning About Language
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Aims：
By the end of this period, you will be able to…
1. find out the differences in form and functions between restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive relative clauses.
2. introduce a great person using non-restrictive relative clauses.
3. express their own ideas and opinions using non-restrictive relative clauses.
Grammar
01
1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词 which，who，whom，whose，as
关系副词 when，where 等
Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free.
他将把野餐推迟到5 月1 日，那时他将有空。
单元语法--非限制性定语从句
The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard.
这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。
Once more I am in Boston，where I have not been for years.
我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来这里了。
He is absorbed in work，as he often was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。
We went to the carnival last night，where people wore colorful costumes and marched along the street.我们昨晚去了狂欢节，人们穿着五颜六色的服装沿街游行。
单句语法填空
（1）Tom was always late for school，____________made his teacher annoyed.
（2）Our graduation will be held in July，____________we’ll say goodbye to our teachers.
（3）I’ve invited Jim，____________ lives in the next flat.
（4）This academic paper was written in Latin，____________ language I did not understand.
（5）Toby was left on an island，____________ he stayed for as long as three months.
（6）He seems not to have understood what I mean，____________ greatly upsets me.
（7）The project，____________ we had expected，got along well.
which
when
who
whose
where
which
as
2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句
as 引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构：
as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 情况常常如此
as is said above 如上所述 as is reported 正如报道的那样
as is mentioned 正如所提及的那样 as we all know 众所周知
as we expected 正如我们预料的 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as has been said before 正如之前所说
He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.他忘了带笔，这是常事。
As is widely known，the moon is closer to us than the sun.众所周知，月球比太阳离我们近。
As we all know，this is the best solution to this problem.
众所周知，这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
As has been pointed out，we should make a plan ahead of schedule.
正如已经指出的那样，我们应该提前制订计划。
【学法点拨】
as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被 the same，such 等修饰。as
在句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
Such courses as are recommended by Mr Smith are optional.史密斯先生推荐的课程是选修课。
She is wearing the same dress as you wore yesterday.
她穿了一件和你昨天穿的一样的衣服。
This is the same squirrel that I saw yesterday.
这就是我昨天见过的那只松鼠。
②在such...as... 中as 引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；
在such/so...that... 中that 引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接词的作用，在从句中不作成分。
Such things as you describe are rare now.
你描述的这种事情现在很少见。
He is such a brilliant architect that we all admire him.
他是一位才华横溢的建筑师，我们都钦佩他。
单句语法填空
（1）Kate is late for school again，_____________ is often the case.
（2）The compass，_____________ is known to all，was invented in ancient China.
（3）She told a lie，_____________ we expected.
（4）_____________ we all know，Mark Twain was a famous American writer.
（5）_____________ is reported，many crops were damaged by the heavy rain.
（6）The computer is so expensive _____________I can’t afford it.
as
as　
as
As
As　
that
3 使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用 who，whom 指代人，用which 指代物。
She was very fond of speaking French，which indeed she spoke well.
她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。
（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
They went to London，where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。
Yesterday she sold her car，which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她的汽车，汽车是她一个月前买的。
（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。
In the presence of so many people he was a little tense，which was
understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 for which代替 why。
I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
单句语法填空
（1）Mr Smith，____________ is my friend，quit his job last year.
（2）The Great Wall，____________ is called in Chinese “The Ten Thousand Li Great Wall”，is very famous in the world.
（3）He is gentle，____________ is known to us all in our company.
（4）We could not give the reason，for ____________ so many people were for the proposal.
（5）The sun，____________ rises in the east，gives us light and heat.
（6）Last week we traveled to Beijing，____________there are many places of interest.
who
which
which
which
which
where
He is the man whom you are looking for.他就是你正在找的那个人。
（限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man）
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any
fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。（非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开）
She is always careless，which we should not be.
她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。（which 指代主句内容）
Friendship is precious wealth（that） one searches for all his life.
友谊是毕生难觅的珍贵财富。（that 在从句中作for 的宾语，可省略）
单句语法填空
（1）Do you have the photo ____________ we took together in our primary school
（2）He gave his mother a beautiful coat for her birthday，____________ pleased her a lot.
（3）The boy ____________ gave a speech just now is senior to me.
（4）Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，____________a conference was to be held.
（5）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season ____________ begins in September and
ends in November.
（6）This colorless gas is called oxygen，with____________ we can rescue patients.
完成句子
（7）Do you know the old man ______________________（把他所有的积蓄都捐赠给了教育事业）
（8）Next month，_____________________________（你将度过你的暑假） in your hometown，is
approaching.
that/which
which
who/that
where
which/that
which
who donated all his savings to the cause of education
when you’ll spend your summer holiday
5 特殊结构“名词/ 代词+ of+ which/whom”
I have many friends，some of whom are experts.
我有许多朋友，其中有些是专家。
There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.
大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
Light is the fastest thing in the world，the speed of which is about 300，000 kilometers per second.
光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒约30 万千米。
单句语法填空
（1）The factory has over 8，000 workers，eighty percent of ____________ are women.
（2）He bought many books yesterday，some of____________ were published many years ago.
whom　
which
6 关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择
关键是判断句子结构：
非限制性定语从句→选关系代词
并列句→选人称代词或指示代词
I met Professor Xu，who told me the result of the election.
我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。
This is my smartphone and it was bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的智能手机。
He came late again and this made his boss angry.
他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。
单句语法填空
（1）He has three sons，none of ____________ is an architect.
（2）He has three sons，but none of ____________（they） is an archaeologist.
（3）［2021·浙江1 月卷］BMI（体重指数） is an internationally recognized measurement tool
____________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
whom
them
that/which
Practice
02
Q1. Can you find any relative clauses
Underline them and name the types: the restrictive relative clauses or the non-restrictive ones.
Q2. Can you tell the differences in form between them
Tu Youyou, who was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 Dec. 1930, was a committed and patient scientist. Based on a medical text which suggested using sweet wormwood to treat malaria, she and her team drew out the artemisinin, for which she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physician or Medicine. Hundreds of thousands of lives are thought to be saved by Artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.
Tu Youyou, who was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 Dec. 1930, was a committed and patient scientist. Based on a medical text which suggested using sweet wormwood to treat malaria, she and her team drew out the artemisinin, for which she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physician or Medicine. Hundreds of thousands of lives are thought to be saved by Artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.
Restrictive: there is no comma in front of the clause
Non-restrictive: there is a comma in front of the clause
non-restrictive
restrictive
non-restrictive
non-restrictive
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.
Steps
1 find the repeating part;
2 replace it with a suitable relative(关系词)
3 replace the stop(.)with a comma (,)
Q1: Read the example, Can you summarize the steps to rewrite the sentences
Example:
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin.
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
Q2: Try to rewrite the following sentences using the steps.
1.We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
______________________________________________________________________________
We were very impressed by the old man，who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
Afterwards，Einstein had to flee Germany，where Hitler was in power.
There is nothing we can do to help Linda，whose circumstances are beyond our control.
4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist，J.K. Rowling，which inspired us a lot.
The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect，who was born in Guangzhou，China.
I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart， which was a big
challenge for me.
汇报人：
Thank you