新七年级讲义
五大基本句型&成分分析
英语五大基本句型 句型一(Subject + Verb) 主谓 句型二(Subject + Verb+ Object) 主谓宾 句型三(Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object) 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓双宾) 句型四(Subject + Verb + Object + Complement) 主谓+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓宾宾补) 句型五(Subject + Link. V + Predicate) 主系表 英语句子有以下严格要求： 1.有主语； 2.有谓语动词； 3.要能表达一个完整的意思，若主谓结构不能表达完整的意思，则需要在其后添加其他补充成分如表语/宾语/双宾语/宾补。 基本句型一(S+V) 主谓 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，不能直接带宾语(接宾语必须后加介词)，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等。 常见的不及物动词有work, arrive, go, live, fall, rise, exist, agree, sing, swim, jump, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。 SVi (不及物动词)1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6.I 7. They 8.He 9.He 10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing. have gone.
巩固练习：选出主谓结构的句子(圈出题号)。 I sing. I like games. He dance. I bought you a book. She cried. 基本句型二(S+V+O) 主谓宾 谓语动词都具有实义，这类动词叫做及物动词，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一 个宾语，即动作的承受着，才能使意思完整。宾语的成分通常是：名词、代词、动词不定式(to do)、动名词(v-ing)或从句。 常见的动词如：make, want, help, have, respect, like, provide, own, think, believe, appreciate等。 SV(实义动词)O(宾语）1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6. Danny 7.I 8.Heknows laugh at understands made ate likes want saidthe answer her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
巩固练习：选出主谓宾结构的句子(圈出题号)。 She loves you. He breaks her heart. They work hard. He gives me a pen. He saw me cry. 基本句型三(S+V+IO+DO) 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓双宾) 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，但如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，中间需要加上一个介词to 或for。 常见动词有 give, send, tell, teach, pay, show, offer, buy, cook, pass, lend, bring等。 SV(及物动词)IO(间接宾语—人)O(直接宾语—物)1. She
2. She
3. He
4. He
5. I
6. I
7. I
8. He passed cooked
brought
bought
showed
gave
told
showed him
her husband
you
her
him
him
me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
巩固练习：选出主谓双宾结构的句子(圈出题号)。 He breaks her heart. They work hard. She told me a story. You make me happy. He gave me a pen. 基本句型四(S+V+O+C) 主谓+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓宾宾补) 动词虽然是及物动词，但是宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、非谓语动词、副词或介词短语等充当。 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 SV(及物动词)O(宾语)C(补语)1. We
2. They
3. They
4. They
5. What
6. We
7. He
8. I keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
findthe table
the door
supper
the house
him
him
me
themclean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
巩固练习：选出主谓宾宾补结构的句子(圈出题号)。 I am a teacher. She asked you to play games. You make me happy. I like games. He dance. 基本句型五(S+V+P) 主系表 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 连系动词分别有：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound，get, grow, become, turn, go等。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
SV(系动词)P(表语)1. This
2. The dinner
3. He
4. Everything
5. He
6. The book
7. The weather
8. His face is
smells
fell
looks
is
is
became
turnedan English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
巩固练习：选出主系表结构的句子(圈出题号)。 The cake tastes nice. Everything is OK. He breaks her heart. They work hard. He gives me a pen. 区分双宾语和宾语补足语 ①位置可以互换是双宾(直接宾语和间接宾语），位置不能互换则是宾补。 Mum gave me a pair of new running shoes. =Mum bought a pair of new running shoes to me. 双宾语 She tells me a story. =She tells a story to me. 双宾语 We call him Enoch ≠We call Enoch him. 宾补 Mum asked me to go for a walk with her. ≠Mum asked to go for a walk with her me. 宾补 The smell makes me sick. ≠The smell makes sick me.宾补 ②宾语与补语之间用is连接可以构成完整的句子。 We must keep our classroom neat. (our classroom is neat.)宾补 I find her a charming girl. (she is a charming girl)宾补 巩固练习 写出下列句子属于那种结构 1.They work hard. _______________ 2.The flower is dead. _______________
3.Plants need water. _______________
4.He gives me some seeds. _______________
5.We should keep the plants in the shade. _______________
6.Many animals live in trees. _______________
SVOO&SVOC辨析 SVOO 句型:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO句型是英语中一种常见的句子结构,其中S代表主语(Subject),V代表谓语(Verb),O代表间接宾语(Indirect Object,简写为 IO),O 代表直接宾语( Direct Object,简写为 DO)。 这个句型中, 主语通常是句子的主要行为者或发出者,谓语表示主语的动作或状态,直接宾语是动作的承受者,而间接宾语是动作的施加对象。 注意:间接宾语跟在动词后面;直接宾语跟在间接宾语后面。因为这种句型有两个宾语,也被称为“双宾语”结构。 I bring them warm baths.我给他们带来了热水澡。 S V IO DO S--主语是I(我) V--谓语是bring(带来) DO--直接宾语是warm baths(热水澡) IO--间接宾语是them(他们)，是bring这个动作的施加对象 My father bought me a cake.我的爸爸给我买了一个蛋糕, S V IO DO S--主语是 my father(我的爸爸) V--谓语是bought(买了) DO直接宾语是a cake(一个蛋糕) IO--间接宾语是me(我),也就是“买”这个行为的施加对象。 拓展：SVOO句型有时候可以用介词to和介词for 来表达同样的意思。 (1)用to的情况 当动词表示给予、传递等意义时,我们常用to来连接IO(间接宾语)(对象)和DO(直接宾语)(物)。 常用的动词有give(给)、sell(卖)、pass(递)等。如: I gave him a book. → I give a book to him. 我给他一本书。 He passed me the bottle. → He passed the bottle to me.他把瓶子递给我。 (2)用 for 的情况 当动词表示购买、制作等意义时,我们常用for 来连接IO(间接宾语)(对象)和 DO(直接宾语)(物)。 常用的动词有 buy(买)、make(做)、cook(烹饪)等。如: My mother made me a cake. → My mother made a cake for me.我妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。 I will buy you a new dress. → I will buy a new dress for you.我会给你买条新裙子。 SVOC 句型：主语+谓语+宾语+补语 SVOC句型中的S代表主语(Subject),V代表谓语(Verb),O 代表宾语(object),C代表补语(Complement),又称“补足语”。 这个结构中，谓语动词用于描述主语施加在宾语上的动作或行为,即“某人对某物做了什么”,而补语是用来补充说明宾语的状态、意义等,即说明“某物的状态”充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等,为宾语提供更多信息或修饰。 They made me a prize winner.他们给我授予了奖项。 S V O C S--主语是 they(他们) V--谓语是made(让……成为) O--宾语是me(我) C--补语是名词词组a prize winner(一名获奖人),用来补充说明宾语 me 的状态。 句子直译为“他们让我成为了一名获奖人”,意思就是“他们给我授予了奖项”。 I saw the kite up and down.我看着风筝起起伏伏。 S V O C 该句补语由副词词组up and down充当,补充说明风筝当时的状态。 We found everything in good condition.我们认为一切都状况良好。 S V O C 该句补语由介词词组in good condition充当,说明宾语everything的情况。 My friends encouraged me to have a try.我的朋友们鼓励我试试看。 S V O C 该句补语由不定式to have a ty 充当,补充说明鼓励的内容。 拓展：当make(使得)、have(使得)、let(允许;让)等使役动词以及 see(看见)、hear(听见)、notice(注意到)、feel(感觉到)等感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式常省略to。如: Mr. Jones made us stay for tea.琼斯先生让我们留下来喝茶。 We’ll let you go.我们会放你走的。 She saw her husband go into a clothes shop.她看见她丈夫进了一家服装店。 句子主要与次要成分 主要成分：主谓宾 次要成分：定状补 主语 主语是句子说明的人或事物，是句子叙述的主体。一般位于句首，谓语动词、系动词之前。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She goes out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for our health. 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征 (实义动词)。 简单谓语：由动词（动词原形、三单、过去式）或动词词组组成。 I see the flag on the top of the hill. He looks at two dogs. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词 He can speak English well. She doesn't seem to like dancing. He is reading a newspaper. 宾语 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词之后。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。(间人直物) I like my job. He gives me some books. 系动词 1）be动词类： am, is, are, was, were 2）表示“变得”类：become, get, turn, grow, go 3）感官动词“起来”类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 4）表示延续性“保持”类动词：remain, stay, keep 5） 表示“似乎”“好像”类：seem, appear I am a teacher. I become happy. The apple tastes sweet. I must keep my hair short. My father seems tired but happy after work. 定语 定语是修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句。 He is a clever boy. There are 54 students in our class. Do you know betty's sister He buys some sleeping pills. She is a girl from Thailand. 状语 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in three days. He was late because he got up late. He often goes to school by bus. They are playing on the playground. 巩固练习 标出下列划横线部分在句中充当的成分。 She lent me a book. _________ He feels tried. _________ You make me sad. _________ Everything looks di erent. _________ This is an English book. _________ We saw him out. _________ The moon rose. _________ They work hard. _________ 分析句子成分。 1. I can speak a little Japanese. _________________________________________ 2. All I can do is to wait and see. _________________________________________ 3. Being a middle student is a difficult thing. _________________________________________ 4. She cut her hair short so that she looked beautiful. _________________________________________ 句型结构判断 1. The sentence structure of "They are swimming” is__________. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+O D. S+V+DO+OC 2. What is the sentence pattern of "They laughed." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+C+OC 3. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "James will arrive next week." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V D. S+V+O+OC 4. The structure of "The children are playing in the park now." belongs to__________. A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 5. The sentence structure of "The children are playing on the playground" is__________. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+IO+DO 6. The sentence pattern of "His mother is cooking now.” is__________. A. S+V+P B. S+V+O C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V 11. What is the sentence pattern of "We all love China." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC 12． What is the sentence pattern of the sentence＂I usually go to school by bus.＂？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 13. What is the sentence pattern of "I like travelling." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+O+O D. S+V+O+OC 14. What is the sentence structure of You can find the answer to the question easily." A. S+V+P. B. S+V+DO+OC. C. S+V+IO+DO. D. S+V+O. 15.Which is the sentence pattern of the sentence “Wendy will help me." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 16. The sentence pattern of "We often clean the windows." is__________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 17. Which of the following has the same structure as “Eddie gives Hobo some ice cream.＂？ A. Jim loves hamburgers. B. Daniel always feels hungry. C. I lend Tom three books. D. Dad often watches me study. 18. The sentence structure of “She offers me some help." is __________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+C D. S+V+P 19. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "His father bought him an e-dictionary." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V D. S+V+O+OC 20. Tom bought his grandparents a beautiful house. A.主语 B.定语 C.间接宾语 D.直接宾语 21. Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "My mother seldom buys herself expensive A. buys B. seldom C. herself D. expensive 22. Jim's father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语 23. "They think John the best student." The sentence structure is __________. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 24. The sentence pattern of "We make our classroom clean." is __________. A. S+V+IO+DO B. S+V+O C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V+P 25. I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. This sentence belongs to __________. A. S+V+IO+DO B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC 26. The sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work." is __________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 27. The structure of the sentence "All of us should make our county stronger and stronger." is__________. A. S+V+P B. S+V+DO C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 28. The sentence structure of “Teachers often ask us to read more.” is__________. A. S+V+DO B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 课后作业 写出下列句子中对应的主语、谓语和宾语 例：She likes cakes. 主语She 谓语likes 宾语cakes 2.The students study English. _________________________________________ 3.The students study English hard. _________________________________________ 4.The students study English hard for the test in the school every day. _________________________________________ 5.The students plant trees in the garden in the school every day. _________________________________________ 6.Does the teacher from England have a little black dog _________________________________________ 7.The girl of your class eats an apple in the classroom every day. _________________________________________ 8.My father and my mother watch TV in the living room every evening. _________________________________________ 9.The girl from America reads books in the reading room every afternoon. _________________________________________ 10.Who teaches you English _________________________________________ 写出下列句子属于哪一种句型。 1. Your sister dances beautifully. _________________________________________ 2. This food looks inviting. _________________________________________ 3. They kept their marriage a secret. _________________________________________ 4. Good keeps you healthy. _________________________________________ 5.The palaces were large and beautiful. _________________________________________ 6.Horse-riding, hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. _________________________________________ 例句分析。 主谓 1. He runs fast.他跑得快。(副词) 2. They stopped to take a rest.他们停下来休息。(不定式) 3. He is standing by the window.他站在窗户旁边。(介词短语) 主谓宾 Mary loves music. (名词) He loves her. (代词) I want to get your help. (不定式) I don’t know what to do. (疑问词+不定式) The old man enjoys living in the countryside.(动名词) 主系表 He is a boy .他是一个男孩. (名词) The book is hers.这本书是她的. (名词性物主代词) He is tall 他个子高。(形容词) John is in good health.约翰身体健康。(介词短语) We are excited at the news. 我们对这个消息很兴奋。(过去分词) The book is boring.这本书很无聊。(现在分词) Her dream is to become a teacher. (不定式) My hobby is collecting coins. 我的爱好是收集硬币。(动名词) 主谓宾宾补 1. We elected Li Yang our monitor.(名词) 2. The news made us sad.(形容词) 3. We elected him as our monitor.（介词短语） 4. I found myself in the dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 （介词短语） 5. He encourage her to work harder. (不定式） 6. He always has others wait for him.他总是要别人等他。（不定式） 7. Don’t leave the water running.（现在分词）不要让水一直流着。 8. I heard my name called. (过去分词) 主谓双宾 He gave me a coin. He offered me a job. He taught me English. give me power = give power to me若要先说出直宾(事物)，后说间宾(人)，要借助介词to/for新七年级讲义
五大基本句型&成分分析
英语五大基本句型 句型一(Subject + Verb) 主谓 句型二(Subject + Verb+ Object) 主谓宾 句型三(Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object) 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓双宾) 句型四(Subject + Verb + Object + Complement) 主谓+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓宾宾补) 句型五(Subject + Link. V + Predicate) 主系表 英语句子有以下严格要求： 1.有主语； 2.有谓语动词； 3.要能表达一个完整的意思，若主谓结构不能表达完整的意思，则需要在其后添加其他补充成分如表语/宾语/双宾语/宾补。 基本句型一(S+V) 主谓 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，不能直接带宾语(接宾语必须后加介词)，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等。 常见的不及物动词有work, arrive, go, live, fall, rise, exist, agree, sing, swim, jump, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。 SVi (不及物动词)1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6.I 7. They 8.He 9.He 10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing. have gone.
巩固练习：选出主谓结构的句子(圈出题号)。 I sing. I like games. He dance. I bought you a book. She cried. 基本句型二(S+V+O) 主谓宾 谓语动词都具有实义，这类动词叫做及物动词，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一 个宾语，即动作的承受着，才能使意思完整。宾语的成分通常是：名词、代词、动词不定式(to do)、动名词(v-ing)或从句。 常见的动词如：make, want, help, have, respect, like, provide, own, think, believe, appreciate等。 SV(实义动词)O(宾语）1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6. Danny 7.I 8.Heknows laugh at understands made ate likes want saidthe answer her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
巩固练习：选出主谓宾结构的句子(圈出题号)。 She loves you. He breaks her heart. They work hard. He gives me a pen. He saw me cry. 基本句型三(S+V+IO+DO) 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓双宾) 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，但如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，中间需要加上一个介词to 或for。 常见动词有 give, send, tell, teach, pay, show, offer, buy, cook, pass, lend, bring等。 SV(及物动词)IO(间接宾语—人)O(直接宾语—物)1. She
2. She
3. He
4. He
5. I
6. I
7. I
8. He passed cooked
brought
bought
showed
gave
told
showed him
her husband
you
her
him
him
me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
巩固练习：选出主谓双宾结构的句子(圈出题号)。 He breaks her heart. They work hard. She told me a story. You make me happy. He gave me a pen. 基本句型四(S+V+O+C) 主谓+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓宾宾补) 动词虽然是及物动词，但是宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、非谓语动词、副词或介词短语等充当。 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 SV(及物动词)O(宾语)C(补语)1. We
2. They
3. They
4. They
5. What
6. We
7. He
8. I keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
findthe table
the door
supper
the house
him
him
me
themclean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
巩固练习：选出主谓宾宾补结构的句子(圈出题号)。 I am a teacher. She asked you to play games. You make me happy. I like games. He dance. 基本句型五(S+V+P) 主系表 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 连系动词分别有：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound，get, grow, become, turn, go等。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
SV(系动词)P(表语)1. This
2. The dinner
3. He
4. Everything
5. He
6. The book
7. The weather
8. His face is
smells
fell
looks
is
is
became
turnedan English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
巩固练习：选出主系表结构的句子(圈出题号)。 The cake tastes nice. Everything is OK. He breaks her heart. They work hard. He gives me a pen. 区分双宾语和宾语补足语 ①位置可以互换是双宾(直接宾语和间接宾语），位置不能互换则是宾补。 Mum gave me a pair of new running shoes. =Mum bought a pair of new running shoes to me. 双宾语 She tells me a story. =She tells a story to me. 双宾语 We call him Enoch ≠We call Enoch him. 宾补 Mum asked me to go for a walk with her. ≠Mum asked to go for a walk with her me. 宾补 The smell makes me sick. ≠The smell makes sick me.宾补 ②宾语与补语之间用is连接可以构成完整的句子。 We must keep our classroom neat. (our classroom is neat.)宾补 I find her a charming girl. (she is a charming girl)宾补 巩固练习 写出下列句子属于那种结构 1.They work hard. 主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 +间宾+ 直宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓 SVOO&SVOC辨析 SVOO 句型:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO句型是英语中一种常见的句子结构,其中S代表主语(Subject),V代表谓语(Verb),O代表间接宾语(Indirect Object,简写为 IO),O 代表直接宾语( Direct Object,简写为 DO)。 这个句型中, 主语通常是句子的主要行为者或发出者,谓语表示主语的动作或状态,直接宾语是动作的承受者,而间接宾语是动作的施加对象。 注意:间接宾语跟在动词后面;直接宾语跟在间接宾语后面。因为这种句型有两个宾语,也被称为“双宾语”结构。 I bring them warm baths.我给他们带来了热水澡。 S V IO DO S--主语是I(我) V--谓语是bring(带来) DO--直接宾语是warm baths(热水澡) IO--间接宾语是them(他们)，是bring这个动作的施加对象 My father bought me a cake.我的爸爸给我买了一个蛋糕, S V IO DO S--主语是 my father(我的爸爸) V--谓语是bought(买了) DO直接宾语是a cake(一个蛋糕) IO--间接宾语是me(我),也就是“买”这个行为的施加对象。 拓展：SVOO句型有时候可以用介词to和介词for 来表达同样的意思。 (1)用to的情况 当动词表示给予、传递等意义时,我们常用to来连接IO(间接宾语)(对象)和DO(直接宾语)(物)。 常用的动词有give(给)、sell(卖)、pass(递)等。如: I gave him a book. → I give a book to him. 我给他一本书。 He passed me the bottle. → He passed the bottle to me.他把瓶子递给我。 (2)用 for 的情况 当动词表示购买、制作等意义时,我们常用for 来连接IO(间接宾语)(对象)和 DO(直接宾语)(物)。 常用的动词有 buy(买)、make(做)、cook(烹饪)等。如: My mother made me a cake. → My mother made a cake for me.我妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。 I will buy you a new dress. → I will buy a new dress for you.我会给你买条新裙子。 SVOC 句型：主语+谓语+宾语+补语 SVOC句型中的S代表主语(Subject),V代表谓语(Verb),O 代表宾语(object),C代表补语(Complement),又称“补足语”。 这个结构中，谓语动词用于描述主语施加在宾语上的动作或行为,即“某人对某物做了什么”,而补语是用来补充说明宾语的状态、意义等,即说明“某物的状态”充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等,为宾语提供更多信息或修饰。 They made me a prize winner.他们给我授予了奖项。 S V O C S--主语是 they(他们) V--谓语是made(让……成为) O--宾语是me(我) C--补语是名词词组a prize winner(一名获奖人),用来补充说明宾语 me 的状态。 句子直译为“他们让我成为了一名获奖人”,意思就是“他们给我授予了奖项”。 I saw the kite up and down.我看着风筝起起伏伏。 S V O C 该句补语由副词词组up and down充当,补充说明风筝当时的状态。 We found everything in good condition.我们认为一切都状况良好。 S V O C 该句补语由介词词组in good condition充当,说明宾语everything的情况。 My friends encouraged me to have a try.我的朋友们鼓励我试试看。 S V O C 该句补语由不定式to have a ty 充当,补充说明鼓励的内容。 拓展：当make(使得)、have(使得)、let(允许;让)等使役动词以及 see(看见)、hear(听见)、notice(注意到)、feel(感觉到)等感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式常省略to。如: Mr. Jones made us stay for tea.琼斯先生让我们留下来喝茶。 We’ll let you go.我们会放你走的。 She saw her husband go into a clothes shop.她看见她丈夫进了一家服装店。 句子主要与次要成分 主要成分：主谓宾 次要成分：定状补 主语 主语是句子说明的人或事物，是句子叙述的主体。一般位于句首，谓语动词、系动词之前。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She goes out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for our health. 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征 (实义动词)。 简单谓语：由动词（动词原形、三单、过去式）或动词词组组成。 I see the flag on the top of the hill. He looks at two dogs. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词 He can speak English well. She doesn't seem to like dancing. He is reading a newspaper. 宾语 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词之后。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。(间人直物) I like my job. He gives me some books. 系动词 1）be动词类： am, is, are, was, were 2）表示“变得”类：become, get, turn, grow, go 3）感官动词“起来”类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 4）表示延续性“保持”类动词：remain, stay, keep 5） 表示“似乎”“好像”类：seem, appear I am a teacher. I become happy. The apple tastes sweet. I must keep my hair short. My father seems tired but happy after work. 定语 定语是修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句。 He is a clever boy. There are 54 students in our class. Do you know betty's sister He buys some sleeping pills. She is a girl from Thailand. 状语 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in three days. He was late because he got up late. He often goes to school by bus. They are playing on the playground. 巩固练习 标出下列划横线部分在句中充当的成分。 She lent me a book. _________ He feels tried. _________ You make me sad. _________ Everything looks di erent. _________ This is an English book. _________ We saw him out. _________ The moon rose. _________ They work hard. _________ 答案：直接宾语、表语、宾补、主语、表语、宾语、主语、谓语 分析句子成分。 1. I can speak a little Japanese. 主语、谓语、宾语 2. All I can do is to wait and see. 主语、定语、表语 3. Being a middle student is a difficult thing. 主语、定语、表语 4. She cut her hair short so that she looked beautiful. 主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语 句型结构判断 1. The sentence structure of "They are swimming” is__________. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+O D. S+V+DO+OC 2. What is the sentence pattern of "They laughed." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+C+OC 3. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "James will arrive next week." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V D. S+V+O+OC 4. The structure of "The children are playing in the park now." belongs to__________. A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 5. The sentence structure of "The children are playing on the playground" is__________. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+IO+DO 6. The sentence pattern of "His mother is cooking now.” is__________. A. S+V+P B. S+V+O C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V 1-6主谓结构：AACAAD 11. What is the sentence pattern of "We all love China." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC 12． What is the sentence pattern of the sentence＂I usually go to school by bus.＂？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 13. What is the sentence pattern of "I like travelling." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+O+O D. S+V+O+OC 14. What is the sentence structure of You can find the answer to the question easily." A. S+V+P. B. S+V+DO+OC. C. S+V+IO+DO. D. S+V+O. 15.Which is the sentence pattern of the sentence “Wendy will help me." A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 16. The sentence pattern of "We often clean the windows." is__________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 11-16主谓宾结构：BABDBA 17. Which of the following has the same structure as “Eddie gives Hobo some ice cream.＂？ A. Jim loves hamburgers. B. Daniel always feels hungry. C. I lend Tom three books. D. Dad often watches me study. 18. The sentence structure of “She offers me some help." is __________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+C D. S+V+P 19. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "His father bought him an e-dictionary." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V D. S+V+O+OC 20. Tom bought his grandparents a beautiful house. A.主语 B.定语 C.间接宾语 D.直接宾语 21. Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "My mother seldom buys herself expensive A. buys B. seldom C. herself D. expensive 22. Jim's father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语 17-22 主谓双宾：CBBDAC 23. "They think John the best student." The sentence structure is __________. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 24. The sentence pattern of "We make our classroom clean." is __________. A. S+V+IO+DO B. S+V+O C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V+P 25. I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. This sentence belongs to __________. A. S+V+IO+DO B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC 26. The sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work." is __________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 27. The structure of the sentence "All of us should make our county stronger and stronger." is__________. A. S+V+P B. S+V+DO C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 28. The sentence structure of “Teachers often ask us to read more.” is__________. A. S+V+DO B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 23-28主谓宾宾补：DCDDDD 课后作业 写出下列句子中对应的主语、谓语和宾语 例：She likes cakes. 主语She 谓语likes 宾语cakes 2.The students study English. 主语The students 谓语study 宾语English 3.The students study English hard. 主语The students 谓语study 宾语English 4.The students study English hard for the test in the school every day. 主语The students 谓语study 宾语English 5.The students plant trees in the garden in the school every day. 主语The students 谓语plant 宾语trees 6.Does the teacher from England have a little black dog 主语the teacher 谓语have 宾语dog 7.The girl of your class eats an apple in the classroom every day. 主语The girl 谓语eats 宾语apple 8.My father and my mother watch TV in the living room every evening. 主语My father and my mother 谓语watch 宾语TV 9.The girl from America reads books in the reading room every afternoon. 主语The girl 谓语reads 宾语books 10.Who teaches you English 主语Who 谓语teaches 宾语you English 写出下列句子属于哪一种句型。 1. Your sister dances beautifully. 主+谓 2. This food looks inviting. 主+系+表 3. They kept their marriage a secret. 主+谓+宾+宾补 4. Good keeps you healthy. 主+谓+宾+宾补 5.The palaces were large and beautiful. 主+系+表 6.Horse-riding, hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. 主+系+表 例句分析。 主谓 1. He runs fast.他跑得快。(副词) 2. They stopped to take a rest.他们停下来休息。(不定式) 3. He is standing by the window.他站在窗户旁边。(介词短语) 主谓宾 Mary loves music. (名词) He loves her. (代词) I want to get your help. (不定式) I don’t know what to do. (疑问词+不定式) The old man enjoys living in the countryside.(动名词) 主系表 He is a boy .他是一个男孩. (名词) The book is hers.这本书是她的. (名词性物主代词) He is tall 他个子高。(形容词) John is in good health.约翰身体健康。(介词短语) We are excited at the news. 我们对这个消息很兴奋。(过去分词) The book is boring.这本书很无聊。(现在分词) Her dream is to become a teacher. (不定式) My hobby is collecting coins. 我的爱好是收集硬币。(动名词) 主谓宾宾补 1. We elected Li Yang our monitor.(名词) 2. The news made us sad.(形容词) 3. We elected him as our monitor.（介词短语） 4. I found myself in the dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 （介词短语） 5. He encourage her to work harder. (不定式） 6. He always has others wait for him.他总是要别人等他。（不定式） 7. Don’t leave the water running.（现在分词）不要让水一直流着。 8. I heard my name called. (过去分词) 主谓双宾 He gave me a coin. He offered me a job. He taught me English. give me power = give power to me若要先说出直宾(事物)，后说间宾(人)，要借助介词to/for
