(共148张PPT)
Section E Writing Workshop,
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. (大的)差距，差额，差别
2．____________ n. 性别
3．____________ adj. 滑稽的，好笑的
4．____________ n. 小说
gap
gender
comic
fiction
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflect v．仔细思考；表达(意见)；反射，反映→________ n．沉思；想法；反射→________ adj. 沉思的；深思的
2．journal n．日记，日志→________ n．新闻记者；新闻工作者
3．surf v．冲浪→________ n. 冲浪
4．identify v．确认；鉴定→________ adj.完全相同的；非常相似的
5．evident adj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的→________ n．证据，证明
reflection
reflective
journalist
surfing
identical
evidence
6．expose vt.晒；暴露；揭穿；使接触；使体验→________ n．暴露；揭发→________ adj.无遮蔽的；暴露的；无保护的
7．sea＋food→________ n．海鲜
8．out＋come→________ n．结果，后果
9．more＋over→________ adv.此外，而且
exposure
exposed
seafood
outcome
moreover
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．write a reflective journal ________________
2．read the learning reflection ________________
3．reflect on ________________
4．that is to say ________________
5．make an effort (to do sth.) ________________
6．what's more ____________________
写一篇反思日记
阅读学习反思
仔细考虑，思考
也就是说
努力(做某事)
而且；更重要的是；另外
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 充分利用……
2．________________ 遵循建议
3．________________ 与……建立联系
4．________________ 复习，重温
5．________________ 另外，此外(作状语)
make the best use of
follow the advice
make connections with
go over
in addition
第一版块|核心单词
1)reflection n．沉思；想法；反射；映像；倒影 reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；(物体表面)反光的 reflect vt.反射；(镜)反映 vi.反射；考虑，思考)
be a reflection of... 是……的反映
on/upon reflection 经过考虑后
give sb. time for reflection 给某人时间思考
have reflections about/on/upon sth. 有关于……的见解
a period of reflection 思考期
a period for reflection 反思阶段
time for reflection 思考时间
a moment of reflection＝a moment's reflection稍加考虑
be reflective 沉思
become reflective 变得好思考
be merely reflective of... 只是反映出……
Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection of his family environment.通常一个孩子的表现是他家庭环境的反映。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
A week off would give him time for reflection.
歇上一周会使他有时间反思。
The mirror reflected the light.镜子能反射光。
The hills were reflected in the water.山倒映在水中。
Light reflects.光线会反射。
He reflected on the matter.他考虑了这件事。
He has become reflective since then.
自那时以来他变得好思考了。
I fear my comments are merely reflective of a larger problem.恐怕我的意见只是反映出一个更大的问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (reflect) of the trees in the lake is very beautiful.
②A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
③It's important to wear special ______ (reflect) clothing when riding a bike at night.
reflection
reflecting
reflective
完成句子
④Your clothes are often ___________ (……的反映) your personality.
⑤She ______________________ (有些值得思考的见解)about/on/upon the spiritual state of the country.
⑥________________ (再仔细一想), I'm not so sure it's a good idea.
a reflection of
has some valuable reflections
On further reflection
2)moreover adv.此外，而且)
(教材原句)Moreover, I must also learn to do “spaced review”， especially during the first day after learning.
此外，我还必须学会做“间隔复习”，尤其是在学习(新知识)后的第一天。
moreover/besides/furthermore/what's more/in addition此外(还)，加之
besides/as well as/apart from/in addition to除……之外(还……)
The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.租金合理，而且位置也很好。
I don't like skating. Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/What's more/In addition, the ice is too thin.
我不喜欢滑冰，而且冰太薄了。
Besides/As well as/Apart from/In addition to filling out a form, Linda got a present.
除了填一张表格外，琳达还收到了一份礼物。
[提示] (1)组中的moreover、besides(除此之外)，in addition(而且；另外)，furthermore(此外；而且), what's more(而且，更为重要的是)(用作副词)后接句子，通常用逗号与句子隔开。
(2)组中besides, as well as, apart from, in addition to(除……之外，还……)用作介词，后直接跟名词、代词和动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper has a fantastic car ________ addition to a large house.
完成句子
②Running is good for our health.
__________________________________________ (此外), it is friendly to the environment.
③The products are of high quality.
_______________________________________ (此外), the price is low.
in
Moreover/Furthermore/What's more/In addition/Besides
Moreover/Furthermore/What's more/In addition/Besides
3)identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的 identify vt.确认；认出；发现 identity n．个性，特性；身份,identification n．确认；鉴定；识别；身份证明)
be identical to/with... 与……相同/一致
identify sb./oneself with... 认为某人/自己和……关系紧密
identify... with... 认为……等同于……；认为……与……有密切关联
The two pictures are similar, although not identical.
这两幅画虽然不完全相同，但很相似。
Her dress is almost identical to mine.
她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。
We identify sportsmanship with good character.
我们认为体育精神与良好的品质有关。
[拓展] identity card身份证(缩写为ID card)
a sense of national/cultural/social identity
民族/文化/社会认同感
The police asked him to show his identity card．
警察让他出示身份证。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She wore the ________ (identify) dress on both occasions.
②The number on the card should be identical ________ the one on the chequebook.
③I knew that if I protested he would at once identify me ________ his father.
④Early __________ (identify) of a disease can prevent illness and death.
identical
with
with
identification
完成句子
⑤One cannot ______________________ (把幸福与财富等同起来).
⑥The guard asked him to _________________ (出示身份证) before he entered.
identify happiness with wealth
show his identity card
4)evidence n．证据，证明；根据)
(教材原句)While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged, the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do, is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.
虽然各种形式的阅读肯定都是有益的，并且应该受到鼓励，但男孩为乐趣而阅读的人数很少，而且他们在阅读时的选择有限，这证明是一个需要解决的问题。
have evidence 有证据
look for/search for evidence 寻找/搜寻证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
give evidence at the trial 出庭作证
hide evidence 隐藏证据
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
[句式分析] There is (some) evidence that...有证据表明……(that引导同位语从句)
There is no evidence that...没有……的证据。(that引导同位语从句)如：There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.有证据表明，户外活动对我们有好处。
At present, there's no evidence of life on other planets.
目前，没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
Do you have evidence that this treatment works
你有没有证据证明这种治疗有效？
I was asked to give evidence at the trial.我被要求出庭作证。
He was released when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him.法官裁决没有证明他有罪的证据后，他被释放了。
We found further scientific evidence for this theory.
我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。
[拓展]
evident adj.明白的；明显的
It is evident that...很明显……
It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions.显然有人翻过我的物品。
注意：evidence为不可数名词。
如：一项证据
a piece of evidence(√)
an evidence(×)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His footprints were clearly ________ (evidence) in the heavy dust.
②It was evident ________ she had once been a beauty.
③According to a review of ________ (evident) in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non runners.
完成句子
④_________________ (有证据表明) his new teaching method works.
evident
that
evidence
There is evidence that
5)expose vt. 使接触；使体验；揭露；使曝光，使暴露 exposed adj.无遮蔽的；暴露的 exposure n．暴露；揭发；接触；体验)
(教材原句)Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.各国需要想办法激发男孩的阅读兴趣，并确保他们从小就接触到各种不同类型的文学作品。
expose... to... 使……暴露于……；使……接触……
expose oneself to... 使自己暴露于……；使自己置身于……
expose sb./sth. as... 揭露某人/某物为……
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
be exposed to... 暴露于……；接触……
exposure to... 对……的接触
We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们尽量多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。
Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
待在室内，不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
Don't expose yourself to the sun for too long. You'll get sunburned.不要在太阳下暴露太长时间，你会被晒伤的。
It was exposed as a piece of fake news.
它被曝光是一条假新闻。
It is harmful to your skin if you are exposed to the hot sun for too long.
如果你暴露在烈日下太长时间，那对你的皮肤是有害的。
Daniel's early exposure to motor racing did not excite his interest.丹尼尔早期对赛车运动的接触并没有激起他的兴趣。
[提示] 以上expose短语中，to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The merchant was exposed ________ a liar.
②After only a short ________ (expose) to sunlight, his face began to turn red.
③Children exposed ________ difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.
④The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when ________ (expose) to daylight.
as
exposure
to
exposed
写出句中expose的含义
⑤The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.________
⑥The more you are exposed to the English speaking environment, the better you will learn the language.________
⑦His study shows that when robins (知更鸟) are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.________
揭露
接触
暴露
6)outcome n．结果，后果)
(教材原句)Fortunately, studies such as PISA provide clear evidence that can be acted on to improve outcomes for all young people.幸运的是，像PISA这样的研究提供了可以采取行动改善所有年轻人的阅读效果的明确依据。
the final outcome of the negotiations
谈判的最终结果
a successful outcome 圆满的结果
possible outcomes 可能的结果
predict the outcome 预测结果
the direct outcome 直接结果
We are confident of a successful outcome.
我们相信会有圆满的结果。
No one could have predicted the final outcome.
没有人能预料到最终结果。
[说明] outcome的同义词：result, effect, consequence
[说明] Mr Singh said he was pleased with the outcome．
辛格先生说他对此结果感到满意。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①It's too early to know ____________________ (分析结果).
②We are waiting to hear ____________ (最终结果) of the negotiations.
③The public are concerned with ____________________ (选举的结果).
④In fact, science is determining ________________ (质量和结果) of their life.
the outcome of the analysis
the final outcome
the outcome of the election
the quality and outcomes
第二版块|重要短语
1)make an effort作出努力)
(教材原句)That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things.也就是说，我们中的大多数人在尝试记忆事物时都必须付出努力。
make an effort to do sth.＝make efforts to do sth.
努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 努力/为了做某事
through one's efforts 通过某人的努力
with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
What's the point of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself？如果他自己不努力，那么帮他又有什么意义呢？
No effort has been spared to make this hotel a welcoming, comfortable place.
尽了一切努力将这个酒店打造成为受欢迎的舒适之所。
[语境助记] The club has changed the rules in an effort to make them fairer.
为了更公平一些，俱乐部调整了规则。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Everybody should ____________ (尽一份力) to reduce pollution.
②Hospitals should ________________ (尽一切努力) to treat the sick.
③Let's start right now and ________________ (不遗余力地做) a little bit every minute.
make an effort
make every effort
spare no effort to do
2)go over仔细检查；仔细琢磨；重复(某事)；练习(某事))
(教材原句)For example, this means going over what I've learnt soon after learning and before going to bed.
例如，这意味着在学习后不久和睡觉前复习所学内容。
go after 追赶；追求；谋求
go against 违反；对……不利
go by (时间)过去；遵循
go up (价格、数量等)上升，增加；(建筑)建造起来
go down (水平、数量等)下降，下跌；(船只)沉没；(太阳)落下
go through 穿过；经历；仔细检查；(提案等)被通过
She went over her lines again before the first night of the play.她在该剧首晚演出之前又练习了一遍台词。
I was determined not to go against my father's wishes.
我决定不违背父亲的心愿。
When supplies go down, prices tend to go up.
供货减少时，价格往往会上涨。
[语境助记] It is said that the new school rule didn't go through．
据说新校规没有被通过。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I've got to go ________ my notes for tomorrow's exam.
②With time going ________， he became stronger and stronger.
③We're both going ________ the same job.
④New buildings are going ________ everywhere.
完成句子
⑤Let us ________________ (仔细检查) your answer again.
⑥The contest is ___________ (对……不利) the blue team.
over
by
after
up
go over/through
going against
3)seem to do似乎；好像)
(教材原句)Actually, I've noticed that a lot of Chinese students seem to only spend time with their Chinese friends.事实上，我注意到很多中国学生似乎只和他们的中国朋友在一起。
It seems that... 似乎……，看上去像……
It seems to sb. that... 在某人看来……
It seems like/as if/as though... 好像……
Everyone in the picture seems to have put on some weight, don't they？照片中的每个人好像都胖了些，是不是？
She seems (to be) happy.＝It seems that she is happy.
她似乎很快乐。
Mother seemed to know that. 母亲似乎知道那件事。
He seems to be doing something now.
＝It seems that he is doing something now.
他似乎现在正做着什么。
They seemed to have finished their work.＝It seemed that they had finished their work.他们好像已完成了工作。
[语境助记] It seems to me that working experience is more important than a degree.在我看来，工作经验比学历更重要。
It seems as if he didn't care about my feeling at all. 他似乎毫不在乎我的感受。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There seems ________ (be) some disagreement between his words and actions.
②It seemed ________ he was lying.
③It seemed ________ a good idea.
④It always seemed as ________ they would get married.
完成句子
⑤But __________ (似乎) many people don't cook fish at home.
to be
that
like
if/though
it seems that
4)be associated with与……有联系)
(教材原句)A closer look at the reading tests, shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this is associated with girls' greater enjoyment of reading.
仔细看一下阅读测试，可以发现一个有趣的事实，即女孩的阅读成绩优于男孩，这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关。
associate vt. 联想，联系
vi. 交往，(尤指)混在一起
association n. 联合，联系，关联；协会，社团
associate... with... 把……与……联系起来
in association with 与……联合，与……合作，与……在一起
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people.有些人称古典音乐仅仅与老年人有关。
I always associate Switzerland with the Alps.
我一想到瑞士就联想到阿尔卑斯山。
[拓展归纳] “与……有关系/有联系”的其他表达：
be related to be linked with/to be involved in be connected with have something to do with
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is reported that there are many health problems ________ (associate) with smoking.
②We are working in ________ (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
③We tend to associate fresh air ________ health care.
associated
association
with
完成句子
④His great achievements
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (与……有关) growing up in a great motherland.
are associated with/are related to/are linked with/are linked to/are involved in/are connected with/have something to do with
5)spend... (in) doing sth.花……做某事)
(教材原句)I spent a few months studying at a language college in Beijing.我在北京的一所语言学院学习了几个月。
sb. spends some time/money on sth. 某人在某物上花费多少时间/金钱
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
＝sth. takes (sb.) some time to do (某人)花费多少时间做某事
sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少金钱
it costs sb. some money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少金钱
sb. pays some money for sth. 某人花费多少金钱买某物
In order to improve his spoken English, he spends three hours practising every day.
为了提高英语口语，他每天花费3小时练习。
I spend about 50 yuan a month just on books.
我每月仅买书就要花50元左右。
It took me over 20 years to get my college degree!
我花了20多年才拿到大学文凭。
[语境助记] The search has cost them a lot of time and money.
搜寻工作已经耗去了他们大量的时间和金钱。
He paid 2，000 yuan for his new computer.他买新电脑花了2 000元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We certainly do spend a good deal of our time ________ (wait).
②It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
③While the Internet is very helpful, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time ________ it.
④It costs a lot ________ (buy) all the furniture.
⑤Think of how long it takes ________ (listen) to one of those messages.
⑥Sports team owners spend millions of dollars ________ (attract) top talent.
waiting
to acquire
on
to buy
to listen
attracting
6)be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事)
(教材原句)Everyone shared the food, which was nice, but I'm used to ordering my own meal.
每个人都分享了食物，这很好，但我习惯于自己点餐。
used to do/be used to doing/be used to do
·used to do“过去(常常)做……”，指过去的习惯，现在已经不这样了；
·be used to doing“习惯于做……”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语；
·be used to do“被用来做……”，是被动语态。
After a period of exercise in the army, he was used to getting up early and running.
在部队里经过一段时间的锻炼，他习惯了早起跑步。
I used to get up early.我过去常早起。
I'm used to getting up early.我习惯了早起。
The paper can be used to fold something.
这些纸可以用来折东西。
In the past holidays, he used to go to the library, where he was quickly used to reading books that were used to improve his thinking.
在过去的假期里，他经常去图书馆，在那里他很快就习惯了阅读那些用来提高他的思维能力的书籍。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In those days, some students were used to ________ (go) to bed late and ________ (get) up late as well.
②The plastic cloth is used ________ (cover) things when it rains.
③“This used ________ (be) the center of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
完成句子
④Travelers _______________ (习惯生活在) different climates and conditions.
going
getting
to cover
to be
are used to living in
7)insist on坚持)
(教材原句)I kept telling him that I knew the way myself, but he insisted on taking me there.
我一直告诉他我自己知道路，但他坚持带我去那里。
I insist on an immediate answer.我坚持要立即答复。
The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.尽管我告诉他我住在附近，那个人还是坚持要为我找辆出租车。
[归纳拓展] insist作“坚持要求”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可省略)；作“坚称，坚持认为”讲，从句用陈述语气，用所需的各种时态。
She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.
她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on ________ (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
②Papa insisted that we ________ (learn) at least one new thing each day.
③He insisted that he ________ (be) right.
完成句子
④He insisted that the problem _________________ (被讨论) at the meeting.
testing
learn
was
(should) be discussed
8)fit in with与……相处融洽；适应 fit adj.健壮的；健康的；适合的，恰当的 v．合身；适合；符合)
fit in with the other people 与其他人相处融洽
fit in with the need of new situation
适应新形势的需要
fit in with your arrangements 和你的安排不冲突
I'll come in your car, if you can fit me in.
如果还有我的地方，我就上你的车。(有足够的空间)
We can fit the bookshelf in between the windows.
我们可以把书架放在两个窗户之间。
His idea didn't quite fit in with our aims.
他那些想法与我们的目标不大相符。
I hope that the dentist can fit me in on Tuesday afternoon.我希望牙医能把我安排在周二下午看病。(给……安排时间)
We're fitting new locks on all the doors.
我们在为所有的门安装新锁。
He is fit for the work.他适合这项工作。
The water is fit to drink.这水适合饮用。
[相关拓展] fit in放进；为某人/物腾出空间/时间，相处融洽；适应，适合
fit on a handle安装上把手
keep fit(＝keep healthy)保持健康
be fit for...适合……
be fit to do sth.适合做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I joined the club but did not fit ________．
②You should fit in ________ other employees.
③When it comes to nutrition, those meals can fit ________ an overall healthy eating plan.
完成句子
④She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them _____________ (保持健康).
in
with
in
keep fit/healthy
第三版块|典型句式
1)部分否定)
(教材原句)Living in a foreign country sounds exciting, but it's not always easy to fit in with another culture.生活在外国听起来很刺激，但融入另一种文化并不总是那么容易。
[句式分析] 总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, every, everything，everybody, everyone, always, altogether等。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Life is not always easy.生活并不总是那么容易。
[拓展] 全部否定：表示全部否定意义的词(none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①But ____________________ (并不是所有的城市) develop slowly over a long period of time.
②____________ (并不是每个人) can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy.
③But my life was _________ (并不总是) so great.
④This fruit is so sour that ____________ (我们都不喜欢) it.
not all cities/all cities don't
Not everybody
not always
none of us like
2)with复合结构)
(教材原句)In places like Japan, boys and girls read for enjoyment at an almost identical level, with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading.
在日本等地方，男孩和女孩为了乐趣而阅读的比例相差无几，54%的男孩和58%的女孩表示他们喜欢阅读。
[句式分析] 构成：with＋宾语＋宾补
功能：在句中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
I can't work with all that noise going on.
吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法工作。
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
他理了发，看上去年轻多了。
With so much work to do, I can't go on holiday.
有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉。
He left the room with the light on.他开着灯离开了房间。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。
[知识拓展] with复合结构在句中还可作定语。
Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms？你认识那位怀抱婴儿的女士吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①With the Spring Festival ________ (approach), people are busy preparing the new year's goods.
②With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time.
approaching
to settle
③With his homework ________ (finish), Mother allowed him to go out for a while.
完成句子
④He often sleeps ________________ (开着音乐).
finished
with the music on
3)given that... 考虑到……)
(教材原句)Given that in OECD countries, two in three boys only read newspapers for pleasure, there is work to be done.鉴于在经合组织国家，三分之二的男孩只是为了娱乐而读报纸，(要解决这一问题)还有工作要做。
Given that it is a difficult task, you've done really well.
鉴于任务困难，你已经做得很好了。
[比较] given/provided that与providing/supposing that
(1)前者：表示“鉴于，考虑到”，用来表示已知的事实；
Given that he doesn't have enough time, he has done a good job.鉴于他的时间不足，他做得还可以。
(2)后者：表示“假如”，用来表示一件不确切的事情、一个可能的条件或一个未知的假设。
Providing that he has more time, he will do a better job.
假如他有更多的时间，他就会做得更出色。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (give) that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
②I will agree to go ________ (provide) that my expenses are paid.
③________ (suppose) that it rains tomorrow, what shall we do
完成句子
④________________ (考虑到) you have enough pencils, I will give these to others.
Given
providing
Supposing
Given/Provided that
4)动名词短语作主语)
(教材原句)Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it, but also the ways to improve it.了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅了解相关事实，而且要了解改善记忆力的方法。
[句式分析] 单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。一般来说，动名词(短语)作主语表示一种抽象的或泛指的动作。
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
除了身体健康，早上锻炼还有其他好处。
[知识拓展] 下列句式中，it是形式主语，动名词短语是真正主语：
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用处/好处的。
It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Writing an essay ________ (be) a difficult process for most people.
②________ (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
③Being emotionally intelligent ________ (not) necessarily ________ (make) one a moral person.
is
Producing
does not
make
5)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
(教材原句)Secondly, if you are having trouble with unfamiliar words, try thinking about the context in which the words are spoken.其次，如果你们有不熟悉的单词方面的困难，试着想想讲这些单词的语境。
[句式分析] 使用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时需注意以下几点：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)和which(先行词指物)。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
(3)介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music.我想找一个能和我讨论音乐的人。
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk.
这是我煮了牛奶的锅。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is a warm hearted person ________ whom you can turn when you are in trouble.
②They also had a small pond ________ which they raised fish.
③These are the reasons ___________ we do it.
④I admired Mr. Smith from ________ class I graduated.
⑤I live in a village at the back of ________ runs a river.
⑥I bought a house
to
in
for which/why
whose
which
which
whose
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There is a lot of ________ (证据) that stress is partly responsible for disease in one way or another.
2．She is one of the most gifted ________ (滑稽的) actresses on television.
3．It can sometimes be difficult to tell fact from ________ (小说).
4．I like ________ (海鲜) and white meat dishes and light Chinese food.
5．________ (沉思的) ability is of great importance to a novelist.
evidence
comic
fiction
seafood
Reflective
6．The performer kept a ________ (日志) of his daily performance.
7．The rent of the flat is reasonable, and ________ (此外), the location is perfect.
8．There was a wide ________ (差距) between the views of the two partners.
9．There may be ________ (性别) differences in attitudes to paid work.
journal
moreover
gap
gender
Ⅱ.短语填空
have a major impact on, be identical with, be associated with, a wide variety of, figure out, decide on, believe it or not, rather than, be exposed to, the number of
1．____________ unemployed people has grown by more than a quarter in the last month.
2．The medicine should not ____________ daylight.
3．They enjoy participating in ____________ activities.
4．____________， what I have told you is all true.
The number of
be exposed to
a wide variety of
Believe it or not
5．It took me a while to ____________ how to solve this problem.
6．His band has been banned from large musical events because it ____________ violence.
7．Stress and emotional pressure __________________ our health.
8．The zoo needed better management ____________ more money.
9．The number on the card should ____________ the one on the chequebook.
10．She has ____________ what path to follow.
figure out
is associated with
have a major impact on
rather than
be identical with
decided on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．When ________ comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
2．There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked ________ (identity) to my dog.
3．They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________ (expose).
4．Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
it
identical
exposed
that
5．On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health, good friends and good ________ (outcome).
6．Tom rather than you ________ (be) to take charge of the company.
7．The number of individuals taking part in the contest ________ (be) on the increase.
8．We found no ________ (evident) against him, so he was likely to be freed soon.
outcomes
is
is
evidence
9．________ (expose) to English reading and listening every day, you will end up getting an ideal score.
10．A wide variety of birds ________ (be) singing in the trees, which is a typical scene in the park.
11．When we were in Hawaii, we went ________ (surf) every day.
12．I walked on in a ________ (reflect) mood to my destination.
13．________ (identical), if you want that book, I'll bring it next time.
Exposed
are
surfing
reflective
Identically
14．I prefer ________ (walk) you to the parking lot rather than see you leave alone.
15．If you insist on ________ (leave) now, don't be bothered and please go ahead.
to walk
leaving
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．这里的商品不但价格公道，而且质量好。(not only... but also...)
___________________________________________________________
2．那时候并不是所有女性都有受教育的机会。(部分否定)
___________________________________________________________
3．每当我们在学习上遇到困难时，老师总是耐心帮助我们。(have trouble with)
___________________________________________________________
The goods here are not only inexpensive, but also of good quality.
Not all the females had the chance to get an education at that time.
Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
4．你刚刚与之握手的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
___________________________________________________________
5．放学后，我陪你走回家。(walk)
___________________________________________________________
6．我迫不及待要见到你。(can't wait to do sth.)
___________________________________________________________
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.
I will walk you home after school.
I can't wait to see you.
7．有如此多书要读，他在家里度过了一整天。(with复合结构)
___________________________________________________________
8．考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经做得很好了。(given that...)
___________________________________________________________
With so many books to read, he spent the whole day at home.
Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．We are waiting to hear the final o________ of the negotiations.
2．Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the generation g________ between them.
3．Their views on this problem are ________ (完全相同的).
4．________ (冲浪) the Internet is fun, but it's also a time waster.
5．Female students no longer have to worry about ________ (性别) issues.
6．The rent is reasonable, and ________ (此外，而且), the location is perfect.
outcome
gap
identical
Surfing
gender
moreover
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．________ (give) that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.
2．________， they did something illegal, but we couldn't accuse them of guilt as we hadn't found enough ________．(evident)
3．We offered ________ (give) Sharon a ride home, but she refused, saying that she felt like ________ (walk).
Given
Evidently
evidence
to give
walking
4．Your clothes are often a ________ (reflect) of your personality.
5．The earlier the treatment is given, the ________ (good) the patient's chance of recovery will be.
reflection
better
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
at first, a variety of, be associated with, believe it or not, fit in with
1．____________， what I have told you is all true.
2．The important thing to remember is to eat ____________ healthy food.
3．_______， the little girl was nervous and shy, but later she chatted with others happily.
Believe it or not
a variety of
At first
4．A lot of traditional foods such as zongzi, mooncakes and dumplings ______________ festivals.
5．Living in a foreign country sounds exciting, but it's not always easy to ________ another culture.
are associated with
fit in with
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．定期锻炼不仅使我保持身心健康，而且使我精力充沛。
Not only ____________________________ regularly keep me fit both physically and mentally, ______ it makes me energetic.
2．有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。(with的复合结构；lead)
______________________， we had no difficulty in finding his home.
does working out/does taking exercise
but also
With the boy leading the way
3．据报道，优秀的影片对儿童成长的很多方面都有影响。
It is reported that excellent movies __________________________ many aspects of children's development.
4．使我最感兴趣的是接触不同中国画的机会。(expose)
What interests me most is the opportunity to ___________ various Chinese paintings.
have an influence/effect/impact on
be exposed to
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Think of London and you will probably remember the bright red double－decker buses. Think of Thailand's capital city, Bangkok, and the noisy tuk－tuks may come to mind. Think of San Francisco and you might see the city's cable cars.
Imagining what these cities would look like without those is difficult. They are symbols of these cities that make them different. However, these city symbols are not always so well loved by their city leaders. City leaders want what is best for their city, which often means the most modern transport.
In Bangkok, city leaders have banned (禁止) tuk－tuks because they consider them noisy and polluting. However, the ban has largely been unsuccessful as it has not changed Thai people's love for the cheap tuk－tuks over taxis.
In London the city's first ever mayor (市长) removed the red double－decker buses, which he thought were old fashioned.His plan worked, but Londoners were unhappy to lose the nice old buses they believed represented the best of their city. They made their unhappiness felt when the mayor came up for re－election. Most Londoners voted for his competitor, who promised to bring the bus back.
As for San Francisco, several cable cars are still in use but mainly as tourist attractions. They are too slow to be used for anything other than scenic trips.
City transport symbols may have a place in their city people's hearts, but it seems they are increasingly out of step with the modern world. As Londoners have proved, their continued life depends on people's willingness to fight for their survival.
1．What's the author's purpose of writing the first paragraph？( )
A．To introduce some city transport symbols.
B．To explain why some cities are popular.
C．To talk about modern transport in some cities.
D．To attract more tourists to visit some cities.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。从第一段可以看出不同城市有不同的象征性的交通工具，有泰国的tuk－tuks；英国的double－decker汽车等。故A项正确。
2．The London double－decker bus is returning mainly because ________.( )
A．the new mayor loves it
B．Londoners fought for it
C．it is an improved transport
D．it is popular with tourists
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后伦敦的大多数市民都投票选举了答应使用double－decker汽车的竞选人，而不给反对这种汽车的竞选人投票。由文章最后一句话也可得出同样的答案，故选B项。
3．Which proves the old city transport symbols are not loved by city leaders？( )
A．Only a few cable cars are still in use in San Francisco.
B.Bangkok city leaders tried to remove the cheap tuk－tuks.
C．The mayor who sold double－decker buses lost the re－election.
D．The new mayor will bring back improved double－decker buses.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知在曼谷，市长禁止这种车的使用，故B项正确。
4．What can we infer from the passage？( )
A.Modern cities should remove old city transport symbols.
B.The writer thinks highly of the old city transport symbols.
C.Old city transport symbols face the problem of survival.
D.Tourist cities will lose their attraction without the symbols.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话的句意“尽管这些标志性的交通工具在人们心中占有一席之地，但是跟不上现代社会的发展步伐。”可推知这些旧的交通方式面临着生存问题。
B
There are few clear rules in the UK saying drivers should not park on the pavement (人行道). But Scotland, a country of Britain, is planning a complete ban on pavement paking. And, earlier this year, the UK government admitted it was considering changing the law for the other parts of Britain.
Joe Irvin of Living Streets (the UK charity for everyday walking) says there is “no excuse” for the disagreement and has called on the UK government to act the same way.
“Pavement parking is really thoughtless—and if you think about people with wheelchairs, pushchairs, or sight impairment (受损), they have to go out on to the road，” says Mr Irvin.
Steve Hynd, from Bristol, said his father, who uses a wheelchair, had recently ended up in hospital after a parked car had blocked his path.
“My dad's experience was near his care home，” he says. “He was trying to wheel himself back inside and a car had parked up on the pavement. He tried to get around it and fell out of his wheelchair.”
“He went to hospital. He'd hurt his head and got a black eye where his glasses had gone in.”
Groups such as the AA and RAC admit “some streets” should not allow pavement parking if it causes problems to emergency vehicles (紧急车辆)—but they do not believe in a complete ban across the country.
AA president Edmund King says, “We would be concerned if there was a total ban. It is clearly possible in some areas to park on the pavement while still allowing room for pushchairs or people in wheelchairs to pass.”
Hugh Bladon of the Alliance of British Drivers argues a complete ban would cause serious problems as some streets were so narrow.
The simple way to deal with the problems, Mr Bladon believes, is that all drivers must leave at least one metre between their car and the inside of the pavement to allow people with pushchairs and so on to pass by.
5．What should the UK government do according to Joe Irvin？( )
A．Give equal rights to drivers in the UK.
B．Prevent Scotland from making the law.
C．Ban pavement parking totally in the UK.
D．Find more ways to protect walking people.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中Joe Irvin说的“there is‘no excuse’for the disagreement and has called on the UK government to act the same way.”可知，他认为没有借口不同意全面禁止在人行道上停车，因而英国政府应该执行该禁令。
6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to？( )
A．A hospital. B．A parked car.
C．A wheelchair. D．A care home.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。联系第四段中的“ended up in hospital after a parked car had blocked his path”和该画线词前的“a car had parked up on the pavement”可知，此处的it指一辆停在人行道上的小汽车。
7．What is Edmund King's attitude to a complete ban on pavement parking？( )
A．He is against it.
B．He is uncertain of it.
C．He feels hopeful about it.
D．He pays little attention to it.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中Edmund King说的“It is clearly possible in some areas to park on the pavement while still allowing room for pushchairs or people in wheelchairs to pass.”可知，他认为在人行道上停车的同时也可以给行人留出通过的空间，因而推测他并不支持全面禁止在人行道上停车。
8．What does Hugh Bladon want drivers to do when parking？( )
A．Be careful with cars on the pavement.
B．Stop parking on the pavement forever.
C．Allow people with pushchairs to go first.
D．Leave enough space for pavement walkers.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知，Bladon希望司机们在人行道上停车的时候可以给行人留出一定的空间让他们通过。
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
When I heard my name pronounced by the teacher, I knew what lay ahead. She called me to the whiteboard to 1 a long division (除法) problem. Math was my 2 subject. When doing a long division problem, I always repeatedly put the numbers in the wrong places，or forgot to add in the zeros.
As I 3 the whiteboard, I looked at the blonde haired girl next to me, trying to copy what she was writing. 4 I tried my best, she went faster than I could understand. Impossible to understand. Why me Why couldn't I wrap my mind around this strange concept that all the other kids understood Why, even when I 5 my hardest to deal with the division problems
Why Why
I 6 back salty tears and wrote some numbers randomly (随便地) on the board. The teacher read over our answers silently.
“Now, class, Susie did this problem absolutely correctly.”
“As for Tara，” the teacher said, 7 her eyes, “Gosh, I don't 8 know what she did.”
The class burst into laughter, and I felt my face turned 9 as I tried to sink as low as possible into my seat, hoping to 10 them from seeing me at all. However, after class my teacher wrote me a note, 11 ， “No one will care how you feel, unless you 12 yourself to succeed.”
This memory from middle school is the most impressive and the only one I can remember. The experience made me feel stronger, and gave me 13 . When I get a 14 grade in school, or am put down by somebody, I think of that moment and every single one of those whys that I asked myself, which gives me the willingness to 15 all of those whys and continue until perfection, or as close as I can get.,
1．( )A.find B．do
C．make D．examine
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文意，老师叫“我”到白板上做(do)一道除法题。do a problem 为固定搭配，意为“做题；解决问题”。find 意为“发现”，make 意为“制作，使”，examine 意为“检查；调查”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
2．( )A.favorite B．best
C．worst D．last
答案：C
解析：考查形容词辨析。结合文章第一段最后一句“When doing a long division problem, I always ... put the numbers in the wrong places, ... forgot to add in the zeros.”可知，当做长除法题目的时候，“我”总是反复地把数字放在错误的地方，……忘记加零。由此推知，“我”不擅长数学，数学是“我”成绩最差(worst)的学科。favorite 意为“最喜欢的”，best 意为“最好的”，last 意为“最后的”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
3．( )A.moved B．approached
C．used D．returned
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文章第一段第二句“She called me to the whiteboard to ... a long division (除法) problem.”可知，“我”走近(approach)白板去写题目。move 意为“移动”，use 意为“使用”，return 意为“返回”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
4．( )A.If B．Unless
C．Though D．Because
答案：C
解析：考查连词辨析。结合下文“Impossible to understand.”可知，尽管(though)“我”尽了最大的努力，“我”仍然不能明白她所写的，此处为让步状语从句。if 意为“如果”，unless 意为“除非”，because 意为“因为”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
5．( )A.suggested B．asked
C．admitted D．tried
答案：D
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文章第二段第二句“... I tried my best, she went faster than I could understand.”可知，为什么“我”竭尽全力(try)解决这些除法问题却还是做不出来。try one's hardest 为固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大的努力”。suggest 意为“建议”，ask 意为“问；咨询”，admit 意为“承认”，均不符合文意。故选D项。
6．( )A.gave B．went
C．held D．cut
答案：C
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文意，“我”抑制住(hold)“我”的眼泪，随便在黑板上写了一些数字。hold back 为固定搭配，意为“抑制；忍住”。give back 意为“归还”，go back 意为“追溯到”，cut back 意为“减少，削减”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
7．( )A.rolling B．closing
C．focusing D．opening
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文意，至于 Tara，老师转了(roll)一下眼珠说，“天哪，我……不知道她在写什么”。close 意为“闭上”，focus 意为“专注于”，open 意为“打开”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
8．( )A.even B．never
C．hardly D．still
答案：A
解析：考查副词辨析。结合句中的Gosh可知，老师对于Tara的所作所为持否定态度。故老师说“天哪，我甚至(even)不知道她在写什么”。even 表示加强语气。never 意为“绝不，永不”，hardly 意为“几乎不”，still 意为“仍然”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
9．( )A.puzzled B．annoyed
C．pale D．red
答案：D
解析：考查形容词辨析。结合文章第六段“‘As for Tara，’ the teacher said, ... her eyes, ‘Gosh, I don't ... know what she did.’” 可知，全班听到老师的话哄然大笑……，“我”感到自己的脸因为尴尬而变红(red)了。puzzled 意为“困惑的”，annoyed 意为“愤怒的”，pale 意为“苍白的”，均不符合文意。故选D项。
10．( )A.protect B．judge
C．prevent D．differ
答案：C
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文章第六段“‘As for Tara，’ the teacher said, ... her eyes, ‘Gosh, I don't ... know what she did.’” 可知，“我”希望能阻止(prevent)他们看到“我”，因为“我”此时感到十分羞愧。prevent sb. from doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。protect 意为“保护”，judge 意为“判断”，differ 意为“与……不同”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
11．( )A.saying B．writing
C．showing D．persuading
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文意，但是在下课之后，“我”的老师给我写了一张纸条，上面写着(saying)：没有人会在意你的感受，除非你……自己成功。say 常用于表示书信或者便条的内容，而非常见的“说”的释义。write 意为“写”，show 意为“展示”，persuade 意为“劝说，说服”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
12．( )A.force B．allow
C．forbid D．hope
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文章最后一段第一句“This ... from middle school is the most impressive and the only one I can remember.”可知，但是在下课之后，“我”的老师给我写了一张纸条，……：没有人会在意你的感受，除非你强迫(force)自己成功。force sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“逼迫某人做某事”。allow 意为“允许”，forbid 意为“禁止”，hope 意为“希望”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
13．( )A.determination B．explanation
C．frustration D．imagination
答案：A
解析：考查名词辨析。结合文意，这次经历让“我”更加坚强，并且让“我”下定决心(determination)。explanation 意为“解释”，frustration 意为“沮丧”，imagination 意为“想象”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
14．( )A.big B．bad
C．little D．good
答案：B
解析：考查形容词辨析。结合文章第一段最后一句“When doing a long division problem, I always ... put the numbers in the wrong places, ... forgot to add in the zeros.”可知，当“我”在学校里的成绩差(bad)时，或者被别人羞辱的时候，“我”会想起那一刻。big 意为“大的”，little 意为“很少的，小的”，good 意为“好的”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
15．( )A.get B．answer
C．see D．find
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。结合文章第一段最后一句“When doing a long division problem, I always... put the numbers in the wrong places, ... forgot to add in the zeros.”可知，当“我”在学校里的成绩……时，或者被别人羞辱的时候，“我”会想起那一刻，想起“我”问自己成为这样的每一个缘由，这也让“我”去愿意去回答(answer)所有的为什么，并继续努力直到做到完美，或者尽可能接近完美。get 意为“得到”，see 意为“看”，find 意为“发现”，均不符合文意。故选B项。Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. (大的)差距，差额，差别
2．____________ n. 性别
3．____________ adj. 滑稽的，好笑的
4．____________ n. 小说
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflect v．仔细思考；表达(意见)；反射，反映→________ n．沉思；想法；反射→________ adj. 沉思的；深思的
2．journal n．日记，日志→________ n．新闻记者；新闻工作者
3．surf v．冲浪→________ n. 冲浪
4．identify v．确认；鉴定→________ adj.完全相同的；非常相似的
5．evident adj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的→________ n．证据，证明
6．expose vt.晒；暴露；揭穿；使接触；使体验→________ n．暴露；揭发→________ adj.无遮蔽的；暴露的；无保护的
7．sea＋food→________ n．海鲜
8．out＋come→________ n．结果，后果
9．more＋over→________ adv.此外，而且
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．write a reflective journal ________________
2．read the learning reflection ________________
3．reflect on ________________
4．that is to say ________________
5．make an effort (to do sth.) ________________
6．what's more ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 充分利用……
2．________________ 遵循建议
3．________________ 与……建立联系
4．________________ 复习，重温
5．________________ 另外，此外(作状语)
第一版块|核心单词
1)reflection n．沉思；想法；反射；映像；倒影 reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；(物体表面)反光的 reflect vt.反射；(镜)反映 vi.反射；考虑，思考)
be a reflection of... 是……的反映
on/upon reflection 经过考虑后
give sb. time for reflection 给某人时间思考
have reflections about/on/upon sth. 有关于……的见解
a period of reflection 思考期
a period for reflection 反思阶段
time for reflection 思考时间
a moment of reflection＝a moment's reflection稍加考虑
be reflective 沉思
become reflective 变得好思考
be merely reflective of... 只是反映出……
Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection of his family environment.通常一个孩子的表现是他家庭环境的反映。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
A week off would give him time for reflection.
歇上一周会使他有时间反思。
The mirror reflected the light.镜子能反射光。
The hills were reflected in the water.山倒映在水中。
Light reflects.光线会反射。
He reflected on the matter.他考虑了这件事。
He has become reflective since then.
自那时以来他变得好思考了。
I fear my comments are merely reflective of a larger problem.恐怕我的意见只是反映出一个更大的问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (reflect) of the trees in the lake is very beautiful.
②A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
③It's important to wear special ______ (reflect) clothing when riding a bike at night.
完成句子
④Your clothes are often ______________________________ (……的反映) your personality.
⑤She ______________________________________(有些值得思考的见解)about/on/upon the spiritual state of the country.
⑥________________________________ (再仔细一想), I'm not so sure it's a good idea.
2)moreover adv.此外，而且)
(教材原句)Moreover, I must also learn to do “spaced review”， especially during the first day after learning.
此外，我还必须学会做“间隔复习”，尤其是在学习(新知识)后的第一天。
moreover/besides/furthermore/what's more/in addition
此外(还)，加之
besides/as well as/apart from/in addition to
除……之外(还……)
The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.租金合理，而且位置也很好。
I don't like skating. Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/What's more/In addition, the ice is too thin.
我不喜欢滑冰，而且冰太薄了。
Besides/As well as/Apart from/In addition to filling out a form, Linda got a present.
除了填一张表格外，琳达还收到了一份礼物。
[提示] (1)组中的moreover、besides(除此之外)，in addition(而且；另外)，furthermore(此外；而且), what's more(而且，更为重要的是)(用作副词)后接句子，通常用逗号与句子隔开。
(2)组中besides, as well as, apart from, in addition to(除……之外，还……)用作介词，后直接跟名词、代词和动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper has a fantastic car ________ addition to a large house.
完成句子
②Running is good for our health. ________________________ (此外), it is friendly to the environment.
③The products are of high quality. ________________________ (此外), the price is low.
3)identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的 identify vt.确认；认出；发现 identity n．个性，特性；身份,identification n．确认；鉴定；识别；身份证明)
be identical to/with... 与……相同/一致
identify sb./oneself with... 认为某人/自己和……关系紧密
identify... with... 认为……等同于……；认为……与……有密切关联
The two pictures are similar, although not identical.
这两幅画虽然不完全相同，但很相似。
Her dress is almost identical to mine.
她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。
We identify sportsmanship with good character.
我们认为体育精神与良好的品质有关。
[拓展] identity card身份证(缩写为ID card)
a sense of national/cultural/social identity
民族/文化/社会认同感
The police asked him to show his identity card．
警察让他出示身份证。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She wore the ________ (identify) dress on both occasions.
②The number on the card should be identical ________ the one on the chequebook.
③I knew that if I protested he would at once identify me ________ his father.
④Early ________ (identify) of a disease can prevent illness and death.
完成句子
⑤One cannot ______________________ (把幸福与财富等同起来).
⑥The guard asked him to ________________________ (出示身份证) before he entered.
4)evidence n．证据，证明；根据)
(教材原句)While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged, the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do, is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.
虽然各种形式的阅读肯定都是有益的，并且应该受到鼓励，但男孩为乐趣而阅读的人数很少，而且他们在阅读时的选择有限，这证明是一个需要解决的问题。
have evidence 有证据
look for/search for evidence 寻找/搜寻证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
give evidence at the trial 出庭作证
hide evidence 隐藏证据
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
[句式分析] There is (some) evidence that...有证据表明……(that引导同位语从句)
There is no evidence that...没有……的证据。(that引导同位语从句)如：There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.有证据表明，户外活动对我们有好处。
At present, there's no evidence of life on other planets.
目前，没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
Do you have evidence that this treatment works
你有没有证据证明这种治疗有效？
I was asked to give evidence at the trial.我被要求出庭作证。
He was released when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him.法官裁决没有证明他有罪的证据后，他被释放了。
We found further scientific evidence for this theory.
我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。
[拓展]
evident adj.明白的；明显的
It is evident that...很明显……
It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions.显然有人翻过我的物品。
注意：evidence为不可数名词。
如：一项证据
a piece of evidence(√)
an evidence(×)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His footprints were clearly ________ (evidence) in the heavy dust.
②It was evident ________ she had once been a beauty.
③According to a review of ________ (evident) in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non runners.
完成句子
④______________________________ (有证据表明) his new teaching method works.
5)expose vt. 使接触；使体验；揭露；使曝光，使暴露 exposed adj.无遮蔽的；暴露的 exposure n．暴露；揭发；接触；体验)
(教材原句)Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.各国需要想办法激发男孩的阅读兴趣，并确保他们从小就接触到各种不同类型的文学作品。
expose... to... 使……暴露于……；使……接触……
expose oneself to... 使自己暴露于……；使自己置身于……
expose sb./sth. as... 揭露某人/某物为……
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
be exposed to... 暴露于……；接触……
exposure to... 对……的接触
We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们尽量多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。
Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
待在室内，不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
Don't expose yourself to the sun for too long. You'll get sunburned.不要在太阳下暴露太长时间，你会被晒伤的。
It was exposed as a piece of fake news.
它被曝光是一条假新闻。
It is harmful to your skin if you are exposed to the hot sun for too long.
如果你暴露在烈日下太长时间，那对你的皮肤是有害的。
Daniel's early exposure to motor racing did not excite his interest.丹尼尔早期对赛车运动的接触并没有激起他的兴趣。
[提示] 以上expose短语中，to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The merchant was exposed ________ a liar.
②After only a short ________ (expose) to sunlight, his face began to turn red.
③Children exposed ________ difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.
④The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when ________ (expose) to daylight.
写出句中expose的含义
⑤The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.________
⑥The more you are exposed to the English speaking environment, the better you will learn the language.________
⑦His study shows that when robins (知更鸟) are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.________
6)outcome n．结果，后果)
(教材原句)Fortunately, studies such as PISA provide clear evidence that can be acted on to improve outcomes for all young people.幸运的是，像PISA这样的研究提供了可以采取行动改善所有年轻人的阅读效果的明确依据。
the final outcome of the negotiations
谈判的最终结果
a successful outcome 圆满的结果
possible outcomes 可能的结果
predict the outcome 预测结果
the direct outcome 直接结果
We are confident of a successful outcome.
我们相信会有圆满的结果。
No one could have predicted the final outcome.
没有人能预料到最终结果。
[说明] outcome的同义词：result, effect, consequence
[说明] Mr Singh said he was pleased with the outcome．
辛格先生说他对此结果感到满意。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①It's too early to know ______________ (分析结果).
②We are waiting to hear ____________ (最终结果) of the negotiations.
③The public are concerned with ________________ (选举的结果).
④In fact, science is determining ________________ (质量和结果) of their life.
第二版块|重要短语
1)make an effort作出努力)
(教材原句)That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things.也就是说，我们中的大多数人在尝试记忆事物时都必须付出努力。
make an effort to do sth.＝make efforts to do sth.
努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 努力/为了做某事
through one's efforts 通过某人的努力
with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
What's the point of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself？如果他自己不努力，那么帮他又有什么意义呢？
No effort has been spared to make this hotel a welcoming, comfortable place.
尽了一切努力将这个酒店打造成为受欢迎的舒适之所。
[语境助记] The club has changed the rules in an effort to make them fairer.
为了更公平一些，俱乐部调整了规则。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Everybody should ________________ (尽一份力) to reduce pollution.
②Hospitals should ________________ (尽一切努力) to treat the sick.
③Let's start right now and __________________________ (不遗余力地做) a little bit every minute.
2)go over仔细检查；仔细琢磨；重复(某事)；练习(某事))
(教材原句)For example, this means going over what I've learnt soon after learning and before going to bed.
例如，这意味着在学习后不久和睡觉前复习所学内容。
go after 追赶；追求；谋求
go against 违反；对……不利
go by (时间)过去；遵循
go up (价格、数量等)上升，增加；(建筑)建造起来
go down (水平、数量等)下降，下跌；(船只)沉没；(太阳)落下
go through 穿过；经历；仔细检查；(提案等)被通过
She went over her lines again before the first night of the play.她在该剧首晚演出之前又练习了一遍台词。
I was determined not to go against my father's wishes.
我决定不违背父亲的心愿。
When supplies go down, prices tend to go up.
供货减少时，价格往往会上涨。
[语境助记] It is said that the new school rule didn't go through．
据说新校规没有被通过。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I've got to go ________ my notes for tomorrow's exam.
②With time going ________， he became stronger and stronger.
③We're both going ________ the same job.
④New buildings are going ________ everywhere.
完成句子
⑤Let us ________________ (仔细检查) your answer again.
⑥The contest is ____________________ (对……不利) the blue team.
3)seem to do似乎；好像)
(教材原句)Actually, I've noticed that a lot of Chinese students seem to only spend time with their Chinese friends.事实上，我注意到很多中国学生似乎只和他们的中国朋友在一起。
It seems that... 似乎……，看上去像……
It seems to sb. that... 在某人看来……
It seems like/as if/as though... 好像……
Everyone in the picture seems to have put on some weight, don't they？照片中的每个人好像都胖了些，是不是？
She seems (to be) happy.＝It seems that she is happy.
她似乎很快乐。
Mother seemed to know that. 母亲似乎知道那件事。
He seems to be doing something now.
＝It seems that he is doing something now.
他似乎现在正做着什么。
They seemed to have finished their work.＝It seemed that they had finished their work.他们好像已完成了工作。
[语境助记] It seems to me that working experience is more important than a degree.在我看来，工作经验比学历更重要。
It seems as if he didn't care about my feeling at all. 他似乎毫不在乎我的感受。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There seems ________ (be) some disagreement between his words and actions.
②It seemed ________ he was lying.
③It seemed ________ a good idea.
④It always seemed as ________ they would get married.
完成句子
⑤But ________________ (似乎) many people don't cook fish at home.
4)be associated with与……有联系)
(教材原句)A closer look at the reading tests, shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this is associated with girls' greater enjoyment of reading.
仔细看一下阅读测试，可以发现一个有趣的事实，即女孩的阅读成绩优于男孩，这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关。
associate vt. 联想，联系
vi. 交往，(尤指)混在一起
association n. 联合，联系，关联；协会，社团
associate... with... 把……与……联系起来
in association with 与……联合，与……合作，与……在一起
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people.有些人称古典音乐仅仅与老年人有关。
I always associate Switzerland with the Alps.
我一想到瑞士就联想到阿尔卑斯山。
[拓展归纳] “与……有关系/有联系”的其他表达：
be related to be linked with/to be involved in be connected with have something to do with
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is reported that there are many health problems ________ (associate) with smoking.
②We are working in ________ (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
③We tend to associate fresh air ________ health care.
完成句子
④His great achievements __________________________________ (与……有关) growing up in a great motherland.
5)spend... (in) doing sth.花……做某事)
(教材原句)I spent a few months studying at a language college in Beijing.我在北京的一所语言学院学习了几个月。
sb. spends some time/money on sth. 某人在某物上花费多少时间/金钱
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
＝sth. takes (sb.) some time to do
(某人)花费多少时间做某事
sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少金钱
it costs sb. some money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少金钱
sb. pays some money for sth. 某人花费多少金钱买某物
In order to improve his spoken English, he spends three hours practising every day.
为了提高英语口语，他每天花费3小时练习。
I spend about 50 yuan a month just on books.
我每月仅买书就要花50元左右。
It took me over 20 years to get my college degree!
我花了20多年才拿到大学文凭。
[语境助记] The search has cost them a lot of time and money.
搜寻工作已经耗去了他们大量的时间和金钱。
He paid 2，000 yuan for his new computer.他买新电脑花了2 000元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We certainly do spend a good deal of our time ________ (wait).
②It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
③While the Internet is very helpful, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time ________ it.
④It costs a lot ________ (buy) all the furniture.
⑤Think of how long it takes ________ (listen) to one of those messages.
⑥Sports team owners spend millions of dollars ________ (attract) top talent.
6)be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事)
(教材原句)Everyone shared the food, which was nice, but I'm used to ordering my own meal.
每个人都分享了食物，这很好，但我习惯于自己点餐。
used to do/be used to doing/be used to do
·used to do“过去(常常)做……”，指过去的习惯，现在已经不这样了；
·be used to doing“习惯于做……”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语；
·be used to do“被用来做……”，是被动语态。
After a period of exercise in the army, he was used to getting up early and running.
在部队里经过一段时间的锻炼，他习惯了早起跑步。
I used to get up early.我过去常早起。
I'm used to getting up early.我习惯了早起。
The paper can be used to fold something.
这些纸可以用来折东西。
In the past holidays, he used to go to the library, where he was quickly used to reading books that were used to improve his thinking.
在过去的假期里，他经常去图书馆，在那里他很快就习惯了阅读那些用来提高他的思维能力的书籍。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In those days, some students were used to ________ (go) to bed late and ________ (get) up late as well.
②The plastic cloth is used ________ (cover) things when it rains.
③“This used ________ (be) the center of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
完成句子
④Travelers ________________________ (习惯生活在) different climates and conditions.
7)insist on坚持)
(教材原句)I kept telling him that I knew the way myself, but he insisted on taking me there.
我一直告诉他我自己知道路，但他坚持带我去那里。
I insist on an immediate answer.我坚持要立即答复。
The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.尽管我告诉他我住在附近，那个人还是坚持要为我找辆出租车。
[归纳拓展] insist作“坚持要求”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可省略)；作“坚称，坚持认为”讲，从句用陈述语气，用所需的各种时态。
She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.
她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on ________ (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
②Papa insisted that we ________ (learn) at least one new thing each day.
③He insisted that he ________ (be) right.
完成句子
④He insisted that the problem ________________________ (被讨论) at the meeting.
8)fit in with与……相处融洽；适应 fit adj.健壮的；健康的；适合的，恰当的 v．合身；适合；符合)
fit in with the other people 与其他人相处融洽
fit in with the need of new situation
适应新形势的需要
fit in with your arrangements 和你的安排不冲突
I'll come in your car, if you can fit me in.
如果还有我的地方，我就上你的车。(有足够的空间)
We can fit the bookshelf in between the windows.
我们可以把书架放在两个窗户之间。
His idea didn't quite fit in with our aims.
他那些想法与我们的目标不大相符。
I hope that the dentist can fit me in on Tuesday afternoon.我希望牙医能把我安排在周二下午看病。(给……安排时间)
We're fitting new locks on all the doors.
我们在为所有的门安装新锁。
He is fit for the work.他适合这项工作。
The water is fit to drink.这水适合饮用。
[相关拓展] fit in放进；为某人/物腾出空间/时间，相处融洽；适应，适合
fit on a handle安装上把手
keep fit(＝keep healthy)保持健康
be fit for...适合……
be fit to do sth.适合做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I joined the club but did not fit ________．
②You should fit in ________ other employees.
③When it comes to nutrition, those meals can fit ________ an overall healthy eating plan.
完成句子
④She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them ________________ (保持健康).
第三版块|典型句式
1)部分否定)
(教材原句)Living in a foreign country sounds exciting, but it's not always easy to fit in with another culture.生活在外国听起来很刺激，但融入另一种文化并不总是那么容易。
[句式分析] 总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, every, everything，everybody, everyone, always, altogether等。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Life is not always easy.生活并不总是那么容易。
[拓展] 全部否定：表示全部否定意义的词(none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①But ____________________________ (并不是所有的城市) develop slowly over a long period of time.
②______________________________ (并不是每个人) can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy.
③But my life was ________________ (并不总是) so great.
④This fruit is so sour that ______________________ (我们都不喜欢) it.
2)with复合结构)
(教材原句)In places like Japan, boys and girls read for enjoyment at an almost identical level, with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading.
在日本等地方，男孩和女孩为了乐趣而阅读的比例相差无几，54%的男孩和58%的女孩表示他们喜欢阅读。
[句式分析] 构成：with＋宾语＋宾补
功能：在句中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
I can't work with all that noise going on.
吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法工作。
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
他理了发，看上去年轻多了。
With so much work to do, I can't go on holiday.
有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉。
He left the room with the light on.他开着灯离开了房间。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。
[知识拓展] with复合结构在句中还可作定语。
Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms？你认识那位怀抱婴儿的女士吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①With the Spring Festival ________ (approach), people are busy preparing the new year's goods.
②With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time.
③With his homework ________ (finish), Mother allowed him to go out for a while.
完成句子
④He often sleeps ________________ (开着音乐).
3)given that... 考虑到……)
(教材原句)Given that in OECD countries, two in three boys only read newspapers for pleasure, there is work to be done.鉴于在经合组织国家，三分之二的男孩只是为了娱乐而读报纸，(要解决这一问题)还有工作要做。
Given that it is a difficult task, you've done really well.
鉴于任务困难，你已经做得很好了。
[比较] given/provided that与providing/supposing that
(1)前者：表示“鉴于，考虑到”，用来表示已知的事实；
Given that he doesn't have enough time, he has done a good job.鉴于他的时间不足，他做得还可以。
(2)后者：表示“假如”，用来表示一件不确切的事情、一个可能的条件或一个未知的假设。
Providing that he has more time, he will do a better job.
假如他有更多的时间，他就会做得更出色。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (give) that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
②I will agree to go ________ (provide) that my expenses are paid.
③________ (suppose) that it rains tomorrow, what shall we do
完成句子
④________________ (考虑到) you have enough pencils, I will give these to others.
4)动名词短语作主语)
(教材原句)Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it, but also the ways to improve it.了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅了解相关事实，而且要了解改善记忆力的方法。
[句式分析] 单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。一般来说，动名词(短语)作主语表示一种抽象的或泛指的动作。
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
除了身体健康，早上锻炼还有其他好处。
[知识拓展] 下列句式中，it是形式主语，动名词短语是真正主语：
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用处/好处的。
It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Writing an essay ________ (be) a difficult process for most people.
②________ (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
③Being emotionally intelligent ________ (not) necessarily ________ (make) one a moral person.
5)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
(教材原句)Secondly, if you are having trouble with unfamiliar words, try thinking about the context in which the words are spoken.其次，如果你们有不熟悉的单词方面的困难，试着想想讲这些单词的语境。
[句式分析] 使用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时需注意以下几点：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)和which(先行词指物)。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
(3)介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music.我想找一个能和我讨论音乐的人。
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk.
这是我煮了牛奶的锅。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is a warm hearted person ________ whom you can turn when you are in trouble.
②They also had a small pond ________ which they raised fish.
③These are the reasons ________ we do it.
④I admired Mr. Smith from ________ class I graduated.
⑤I live in a village at the back of ________ runs a river.
⑥I bought a house
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There is a lot of ________ (证据) that stress is partly responsible for disease in one way or another.
2．She is one of the most gifted ________ (滑稽的) actresses on television.
3．It can sometimes be difficult to tell fact from ________ (小说).
4．I like ________ (海鲜) and white meat dishes and light Chinese food.
5．________ (沉思的) ability is of great importance to a novelist.
6．The performer kept a ________ (日志) of his daily performance.
7．The rent of the flat is reasonable, and ________ (此外), the location is perfect.
8．There was a wide ________ (差距) between the views of the two partners.
9．There may be ________ (性别) differences in attitudes to paid work.
Ⅱ.短语填空
have a major impact on, be identical with, be associated with, a wide variety of, figure out, decide on, believe it or not, rather than, be exposed to, the number of
1．____________ unemployed people has grown by more than a quarter in the last month.
2．The medicine should not ____________ daylight.
3．They enjoy participating in ____________ activities.
4．____________， what I have told you is all true.
5．It took me a while to ____________ how to solve this problem.
6．His band has been banned from large musical events because it ____________ violence.
7．Stress and emotional pressure ____________ our health.
8．The zoo needed better management ____________ more money.
9．The number on the card should ____________ the one on the chequebook.
10．She has ____________ what path to follow.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．When ________ comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
2．There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked ________ (identity) to my dog.
3．They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________ (expose).
4．Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
5．On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health, good friends and good ________ (outcome).
6．Tom rather than you ________ (be) to take charge of the company.
7．The number of individuals taking part in the contest ________ (be) on the increase.
8．We found no ________ (evident) against him, so he was likely to be freed soon.
9．________ (expose) to English reading and listening every day, you will end up getting an ideal score.
10．A wide variety of birds ________ (be) singing in the trees, which is a typical scene in the park.
11．When we were in Hawaii, we went ________ (surf) every day.
12．I walked on in a ________ (reflect) mood to my destination.
13．________ (identical), if you want that book, I'll bring it next time.
14．I prefer ________ (walk) you to the parking lot rather than see you leave alone.
15．If you insist on ________ (leave) now, don't be bothered and please go ahead.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．这里的商品不但价格公道，而且质量好。(not only... but also...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．那时候并不是所有女性都有受教育的机会。(部分否定)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．每当我们在学习上遇到困难时，老师总是耐心帮助我们。(have trouble with)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．你刚刚与之握手的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．放学后，我陪你走回家。(walk)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．我迫不及待要见到你。(can't wait to do sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．有如此多书要读，他在家里度过了一整天。(with复合结构)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经做得很好了。(given that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．gap 2.gender 3.comic 4.fiction
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflection; reflective 2.journalist 3.surfing 4.identical
5．evidence 6.exposure; exposed 7.seafood 8.outcome 9.moreover
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．写一篇反思日记 2.阅读学习反思 3.仔细考虑，思考 4.也就是说 5.努力(做某事) 6.而且；更重要的是；另外
1．make the best use of 2.follow the advice
3．make connections with 4.go over 5.in addition
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①reflection ②reflecting ③reflective ④a reflection of ⑤has some valuable reflections ⑥On further reflection
2．①in ②Moreover/Furthermore/What's more/In addition/Besides
③Moreover/Furthermore/What's more/In addition/Besides
3．①identical ②with ③with ④identification
⑤identify happiness with wealth ⑥show his identity card
4．①evident ②that ③evidence ④There is evidence that
5．①as ②exposure ③to ④exposed ⑤揭露 ⑥接触 ⑦暴露
6．①the outcome of the analysis ②the final outcome
③the outcome of the election ④the quality and outcomes
第二版块|重要短语
1．①make an effort ②make every effort
③spare no effort to do
2．①over ②by ③after ④up ⑤go over/through
⑥going against
3．①to be ②that ③like ④if/though ⑤it seems that
4．①associated ②association ③with ④are associated with/are related to/are linked with/are linked to/are involved in/are connected with/have something to do with
5．①waiting ②to acquire ③on ④to buy ⑤to listen ⑥attracting
6．①going; getting ②to cover ③to be
④are used to living in
7．①testing ②learn ③was ④(should) be discussed
8．①in ②with ③in ④keep fit/healthy
第三版块|典型句式
1．①not all cities/all cities don't ②Not everybody
③not always ④none of us like
2．①approaching ②to settle ③finished ④with the music on
3．①Given ②providing ③Supposing ④Given/Provided that
4．①is ②Producing ③does not; make
5．①to ②in ③for which/why ④whose ⑤which
⑥which; whose
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．evidence 2.comic 3.fiction 4.seafood 5.Reflective 6.journal 7.moreover 8.gap 9.gender
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The number of 2.be exposed to 3.a wide variety of
4．Believe it or not 5.figure out 6.is associated with
7．have a major impact on 8.rather than 9.be identical with
10．decided on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．it 2.identical 3.exposed 4.that 5.outcomes 6.is 7.is 8.evidence 9.Exposed 10.are 11.surfing
12．reflective 13.Identically 14.to walk 15.leaving
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．The goods here are not only inexpensive, but also of good quality.
2．Not all the females had the chance to get an education at that time.
3．Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
4．The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.
5．I will walk you home after school.
6．I can't wait to see you.
7．With so many books to read, he spent the whole day at home.
8．Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.
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