(共134张PPT)
Section E Writing Workshop,
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 塑料制的 n. 塑料
2．____________ n. 居民
3．____________ n. 看法；态度
4．____________ n. 图解，示意图
5．____________ n. 蜂蜜
6．____________ n. 黄油，牛油
7．____________ n. 酸奶
plastic
resident
attitude
diagram
honey
butter
yoghurt
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．residence n．住所→________ n．居民
2．dispose vt. & vi.处理；处置→________ adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的
3．package vt. 包装→________ n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
4．percent n．百分比→________ n．百分比，百分率
5．contain v．包含，容纳→________ n．容器
6．major adj.主要的；重要的→________ n．大多数
7．indicate vt.表明；显示→________ n．表明
resident
disposable
packaging
percentage
container
majority
indication
8．annual adj.每年的→________ adv.每年；一年一度地
9．pollute vt.污染→________ n．污染物
10．flood v．淹没→________ n．水灾，洪水泛滥
11．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→________ adv.正式地；官方地；公开地
annually
pollutant
flooding
officially
Ⅲ.合成词汇
1．air＋conditioning→______________ n．空调系统
2．land＋fill→________ n．废弃物填埋场
3．clean＋burning→____________ adj.清洁焚烧的
4．waste＋to＋energy→____________ adj.以垃圾作为能源的
5．foot＋wear→________ n．鞋类
6．near＋surface→________ adj.近地表的
7．build＋up→________ n．增长；加强
8．over＋flow→________ vi. & vt.满是，有许多；泛滥
air conditioning
landfill
clean burning
waste to energy
footwear
near surface
build up
overflow
Ⅳ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．attitudes to ________________
2．take action(s) to do sth. ________________
3．reduce the use of ________________
4．as high as ________________
5．more than ________________
对……的态度/看法
采取措施/行动做某事
减少……的使用
高达……
超过，多于
6．the majority of ________________
7．not as many ________________
8．take showers ________________
9．turn off ______________________
10．cut back on the use of ________________
11．write an outline for ________________
12．(be) based on ________________
13．the number of ________________
14．give recommendations ________________
大多数……
没有那么多……
洗淋浴
关掉(灯、电源、水龙头等)
减少……的使用
为……撰写提纲
根据……
……的数量
给出建议
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 参加
2．________________ 削减，缩减
3．________________ 一次性包装
4．________________ 塑料蜂蜜瓶
5．____________________ 黄油和酸奶容器
6．________________ 总之
7．________________ 保护；照顾
take part in
cut back on
disposable packaging
plastic honey bottles
butter and yoghurt containers
to sum up
take care of
8．________________ 更多地关注……
9．________________ 消极的调查结果
10．________________ 积极的调查结果
11．________________ 太阳能
12．________________________ 转变成其他形式的能源
13．________________ 把……转化成……
14．________________ 一张，一块，一片
15．________________ 把……看作……
pay more attention to
negative findings
positive findings
solar energy
change into other forms of energy
turn... into...
a piece of
see... as...
第一版块|核心单词
1)official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的；正式的)
(教材原句)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500名市民，调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
The measure will mainly be carried out by government officials.这项措施主要由政府官员来执行。
He settled down again to the official mail.
他又定下心来处理那些公务邮件。
[比较] official/officer
·official多指政府官员；
·officer多指军官、警官，也可指机构的高级职员、政府的官员。
[拓展] officially adv.官方地；正式地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The President and the Secretary of State are government ________ (official).
②The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
选词填空：official/officer
③The bullet hit the police ________ in the shoulder.
④An ________ of the local government called to see him.
officials
officially
officer
official
完成句子
⑤The President wanted to ________________ (进行公务访问) to the country.
make an official visit
2)attitude n．看法；态度)
a(n)... attitude towards/to... 对……的……看法/态度
a good/bad attitude 好的/坏的态度
a positive/negative attitude 积极的/消极的态度
a friendly/relaxed attitude 友好的/放松的态度
have/take a positive attitude towards life
对生活有积极的态度
an attitude of mind 心态，思想方法
The teacher is angry at the poor attitudes of the students.老师对学生的恶劣态度很生气。
As you get older, your attitude towards death will change.随着年龄的增长，你对死亡的看法将会改变。
His attitude to his new job seemed to be very negative.
他对新工作的态度似乎很消极。
[语境助记]
Only when you take a positive attitude to wards the project will you enjoy the whole process.只有当你对此项目抱有积极态度时，你才能享受整个过程。
(“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only when you take a positive attitude ________ the study will you make great progress.
②There are two kinds of views. What is your attitude ________ the latter
完成句子
③She shows _________________ (非常积极的态度) to her work.
towards/to
towards/to
a very positive attitude
3majority n．大多数(反：minority n．少数) major adj.较大的；主要的 n．主修科目；主修学生 ,vi.以……为专业,(教材原句)Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.此外，大多数居民骑自行车或步行。
The majority was/were for the proposal that the president should be directly elected.大多数人赞成直选总统的提议。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.,达成协议似乎不可能，因为委员会的大多数成员都反对。
Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority.调查显示该条约的支持者仍占多数。
She majored in maths and physics at university.,她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
Only a minority of people support these new laws.,只有少数人支持这些新法令。
Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.,舞蹈课上男生很少。
[用法] ,·the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。,·the majority of后可接不可数名词，也可接复数名词，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致。,·“the majority of＋集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空,①To my surprise, the majority of the students ________ (be) for his proposal.,②The English ________ (major) are asked to explore the roots of the language.,③He majored ________ International Politics at Harvard University.,④For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority ________ (be) over the age of fifty.,⑤In the general population right handed people are ________ the majority.
are
majors
in
is/are
in
(4)sum vt.概括，总结 n．金额；总数)
(教材原句)To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
sum up 总结，概括
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
to sum up 总之
in sum 总之
(＝in short/in brief/in a word/all in all/in conclusion/to conclude)
We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.我们可以用三句话来概括本课要点。
To sum up, we need to concentrate on staff training.
概括地说，我们需要集中精力进行职工培训。
The sum will be increased by fifteen percent.
金额将要增加百分之十五。
In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners.总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (sum) up, he is a person with many outstanding qualities.
②She came into ________ large sum of money when her father died.
③The last section sums ________ all the arguments on either side.
④________ sum, theory should be combined with practice.
To sum
a
up
In
完成句子
⑤________________ (总之), for your health, you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
⑥I had to spend ________________ (一大笔钱) to get it back.
To sum up/In sum
a large sum of money
5)indicate vt.表明；显示；指示；象征；暗示，预示 indication n．迹象；显示，表明)
(教材原句)This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
这表明居民需要对这两项行动给予更多的关注。
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/指出某事
indicate that... 表明/显示……
indicate to sb. that... 向某人暗示……；向某人表明……
The state of his clothes indicates clearly that he has been playing football.他衣服的样子清晰地表明他一直在踢足球。
My car's gas gauge indicates that there is little gas left.
我车上的汽油量表显示剩下的油不多了。
There is every indication that the price will rise.
各种迹象表明价格将上涨。
The fuel tank indication light doesn't work anymore.
油箱指示灯坏了。
[句式] There are clear indications that...有明显的迹象显示……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route ______ us.
②The study ________ (indicate) that our living standards have risen.
③Every ________ (indicate) shows there lives a mysterious monster in the valley.
to
indicates
indication
完成句子
④He ________________ (向我暗示) we could never be good friends again.
⑤____________________ (没有迹象表明) we shall have an earthquake.
indicated to me that
There is no indication that
6)overflow vi. & vt.满是，有许多；泛滥；过度延伸 n．漫出；溢出)
(教材原句)They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is...
他们认为，虽然回收垃圾是有效的，但解决垃圾填埋场溢出问题的最有效方法是……
overflow into 延伸到……
overflow onto 溢出流到……上
overflow with 充满……
He always fills his glass till it overflows.
他总是把杯子斟得很满。
The waste water often overflows into rivers and streams during storms.
在暴风雨期间，废水经常溢出到河流和小溪中。
His heart overflowed with joy at the good news.
听到这个好消息，他高兴得心花怒放。
There is an overflow of cheap ballpoint pens in the market.
市场上廉价的圆珠笔泛滥。
The overflow from the bath ran onto the floor.
浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
[说明] overflow由前缀over 加flow构成，前缀over 含有“过度”之意，所以overflow有“泛滥”之意。类似的词还有：
overpopulation人口过剩
overcooked煮过头的
overweight超重的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Water from the kitchen sink overflowed ________ the floor.
②The kitchen garden was full to overflowing ________ fresh vegetables.
完成句子
③A new office block was built to accommodate ________________ (多出的员工).
onto
with
the overflow of staff
选词填空：overflow/overpopulation/
overweight/overcooked
④I wonder if the parcel is ________．
⑤After a long period of rain the river may ________ its banks.
⑥Some scientists are concerned about ______________ in the world.
⑦The steak is a little ________， and the vegetables are a little undercooked.
overweight
overflow
overpopulation
overcooked
第二版块|重要短语
1)take part(in)参加)
(教材原句)More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.参与调查的人中，超过一半的人在过去一个月里做了五项活动中的四项。
paly a part in 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games？有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？
Only if you take an active part in physical activities will you be able to keep fit.
你只有积极参加体育活动，才能够保持身体健康。
Climate plays a significant part in agriculture.
气候在农业中起着重要的作用。
[用法] ·take part in指参加集体性活动，重在说明参加者是其中一员并在其中发挥一定的作用。
·part前有形容词修饰时，必须加不定冠词，如take an active part in; take part in为及物短语动词，take part为不及物短语动词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All the students take ________ active part in physical activities.
②Officials have said lightning may have played ________ part in the accident.
③Some of us were confident and eager to take part ________ the class activity, while others were nervous and anxious.
④Everyone should play a part in ________ (protect) the earth.
an
a
in
protecting
2)take action to do sth.采取措施做某事)
(教材原句)Unfortunately, not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes.不幸的是，没有那么多参加的人采取行动在家里节约用水和能源。
in action 在活动中；在运转
out of action 失去作用；停止运转
put... in action 使……行动起来；使……开始工作；使……起作用
We must take action to fight pollution.
我们必须采取行动防治污染。
[归纳拓展]
take measures to do sth.＝take steps to do sth.
采取措施做某事
We hope the school will take measures/steps to improve our lives.我们希望学校采取措施改善我们的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The police are taking action ________ (deal) with the theft.
②The charity, which was founded in 1910, is still ________ action.
完成句子
③Approaching the final exam, our class will ____________________________ (采取措施去提高) our grades.
to deal
in
take measures/steps/action to improve
3)pay attention to注意，关注)
pay more attention 多多注意
pay no attention 没注意
attract/catch/draw one's attention (to) 引起某人(对……)的注意
bring... to one's attention 使某人注意……
turn one's attention to 把注意力转向
focus one's attention on 集中注意力于
keep attention 保持专注
hold one's attention 保持注意力
Please pay attention to what the teacher is saying.
请注意老师正在说的话。
But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
但是在这个实验中，它们所做的是更多地关注大的数而不是小的数。
The education department suggested more attention (should) be paid to the safety of the students in summer holidays.
教育部门建议应该更加注意暑期学生的安全。
[语境助记]Mr. Smith's act drew much of the public's attention.史密斯先生的行为引起了公众的广泛注意。
I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes...我原以为一个玩具能使他集中注意力大约五分钟……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The education experts suggested more attention ____________ (pay) to protecting the students' eyes.
②Parents should pay more attention ________ their children's Internet problems.
完成句子
③As a student, we should ________________ (把我们的注意力集中在) study.
(should) be paid
to
focus our attention on
4)cut back on削减，缩减；(尤指为了改善健康而)少吃，少喝)
(教材原句)．.. and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging...
……超过三分之二(70%)的人试图减少一次性包装的使用……
cut back on spending/expenses 削减开支/花销
cut back on staff 裁减员工
cut back on fatty foods 少吃高脂食物
The consumers have cut back on buying cars.
消费者们已削减了购车花销。
When my dad lost his job, we had to cut back on entertainment expenses.爸爸失业时，我们必须减少娱乐开支。
[归纳拓展]
cut down (on sth.)＝cut back (on sth.)削减，缩减；(尤指为了改善健康而)少吃，少喝
cut down on spending＝cut back on spending削减开支
cut in插嘴，打断别人说话 cut out裁剪；删去
cut down砍倒；删节；削减 cut up切碎，剁碎
cut across走近路；抄近路穿过 cut off切掉；中断；使与外界隔绝
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They had to cut back ________ production during the power cuts.
②Don't cut ________ the tree that gives you shade.
③She always focused on what her friend was saying and seldom cut ________．
④We can gain some time if we cut ________ this field.
⑤Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut ________ from the outside world.
⑥We must do more to cut ________ on carbon emission.
on
down
in
across
off
back
5)be able to do能够做)
(教材原句)Sweden's waste to energy plants are able to burn more waste than the country produces.瑞典的垃圾焚烧发电厂能够燃烧的垃圾比该国产生的垃圾还要多。
ability n.能力；才能
She is able to speak three languages.她能够讲三种语言。
Students of all abilities will get together and study for two weeks.各种水平的学生将聚集在一起学习两个星期。
I am able to run very fast.我能够跑得很快。
He was able to make lots of friends when he was very young.当他年轻的时候，他能够交很多朋友。
They will be able to finish the work soon.
他们很快就能完成工作。
I wonder whether they have been able to find jobs.
我想知道他们是否(已)能够找到工作。
[归纳拓展]
一般现在时：am/is/are able to do
一般过去时：was/were able to do
一般将来时：will__be able to do
现在完成时：have/has__been able to do
[说明]was/were able to do＝managed to do＝succeeded in doing做成功了
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able ________ (ride) a bike if I had lost heart.
②Being able to make small talk ________ (be) a very useful skill in relating with other people.
③The ability ________ (laugh) is actually something we are born with.
④We ________ (be) able to master all the words by next week.
to ride
is
to laugh
will be
一句多译
他成功地准时完成了工作。
⑤_________________________________________________________
⑥_________________________________________________________
⑦_________________________________________________________
He managed to finish his work on time.
He was able to finish his work on time.
He succeeded in finishing his work on time.
6)deal with处理；对付；涉及；和……做生意；讲述)
(教材原句)Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.
尽管这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区正在想解决办法来处理自己的废物。
deal with the situation 应对这一形势
deal with pressure 应对压力
deal with the difficulty 应付困难
deal with a problem 解决问题
Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.普通肥皂正确使用，可以有效地对付细菌。
This book deals with the ancient history of China.
这本书讲述了中国的古代史。
In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.
许多人认为，那家公司虽小，但跟它做生意却很愉快。
[说明] deal with与do with表“处理，对待”。
I have no idea how to deal with the problem.＝I have no idea what to do with the problem.我不知道该如何处理这个问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is used to ________ (deal) with all kinds of people in her job.
②I can't control what happens to me, but I can choose ________ to deal with it.
③I must leave now, because I have some business to deal ________．
④She does not know ________ to do with this situation.
dealing
how
with
what
完成句子
⑤I like to _________________ (与这家公司做生意) because it is honest.
⑥This book ______________ (讲述了一个故事) of a student trying to change the fate of his family.
deal with the company
deals with a story
7)make the best of充分利用)
(教材原句)They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.
他们也为别人树立了一个很好的榜样，告诉他们如何充分利用糟糕的情况。
make the most of 充分利用
make good use of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
take full advantage of 充分利用
We should make the best of this valuable opportunity.
我们应该充分利用这个宝贵的机会。
If you cannot have the best, then make the best of what you have.如果你不能拥有最好的，那就充分利用你所拥有的。
Happiness is the ability to make the most of what you have.幸福就是充分利用你所拥有的一切的能力。
You should make good use of your spare time to practice English.你应该充分利用空闲时间练习英语。
I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们需要的物品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's my first trip abroad so I'm going to make ________ most of it.
②Good use has been made ________ your time to study English.
③The school isn't the one I really want to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to make the ________ (good) of it.
完成句子
④They tried their best ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (充分利用) the chance that their school offered to study hard.
the
of
best
o make the best of/to make good use of/to make full use of/to make the most of/to take full advantage of
8)contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；投稿)
(教材原句)Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution.
其他人类活动，如建筑和焚烧废物，也会造成空气污染。
make a contribution/contributions to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款
All the students contribute money to the flood stricken area.所有学生向洪灾区捐款。
Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country.在这个国家，酒精每年造成许多人死亡。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章。
[拓展] contribution n．贡献；捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
②Who made a great ___________ (contribute) to the civil rights movement in the U．S.
完成句子
③She would try to persuade local business leaders to
____________________ (为这项事业捐款).
to
contribution
contribute to the cause
第三版块|典型句式
1)as... as...结构)
(教材原句)As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
如图所示，认为自己需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
[句式分析] as... as...意为“像/和……一样……”，表示同级比较，两个as之间常使用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为not as... as...或not so... as...。
You are as tall as your father.你和你父亲一样高。
It's not as hard as I thought.这没有我想象的那么困难。
[拓展] as... as...结构还有以下几种常见形式：
表示倍数的修饰词放在第一个as前面：
Cats sleep twice as much as people.
猫睡觉的时间是人的两倍。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①外面有一个神奇的世界，它需要我们的孩子们，就像孩子们需要它一样。
There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children __________ they need it.
②随着年龄的增长，即使我们很健康，心脏处理氧气的效率也不像以前那么高了。
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't ________ efficient in processing oxygen ________ it used to be.
as much as
as
as
③她演奏得不如她姐姐。
She doesn't play ____________ her sister.
④参加会议的人数没有我们期望的那么多。
There weren't ________________ at the meeting ________ we had hoped.
⑤有些医生的薪水几乎是护士的两倍。
Some of the doctors are paid almost ________________ the nurses.
as well as
as many people
as
twice as much as
2)when it comes to...当涉及……时，当谈及……时)
(教材原句)In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.
在欧洲，瑞典在回收利用方面树立了一个很好的榜样。
when it comes to＋n./pron./v. ing 当涉及……时，当说到……时
When it comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.要说公开发言的话，没人能比得上他。
[归纳拓展]
come to a conclusion得出结论 come to one's aid援助某人
come to oneself恢复知觉 come to a decision做出决定
come to an agreement达成协议 come to an end结束
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact, when it comes ________ the art of war, ants have no equal.
②When it comes to ________ (adapt), it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
③When it comes to ________ (get) things done, he's useless.
to
adaptation
getting
3)even though/if即使(引导让步状语从句))
(教材原句)Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year...
尽管该国每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾……
as though/if 意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
You should have a try even though you don't succeed.
即使你不成功，你也应该试一试。
It looks as if it's going to thunder.
天看起来好像要打雷。(as if引导表语从句)
[说明]
如果主句用一般将来时，则even if/though引导的让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
Even though it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be on schedule.
即使明天下雨，会议也要如期进行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even ________ I fail this time, I will try again.
②The child talked to us ________ if he were a grown up.
完成句子
③I felt that it would be a victory for us ________________________ (即使我们输了比赛).
though/if
as
even if/though we lost the game
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A high ________ (百分比) of the female staff are part time workers.
2．Those flowers aren't real—they're made of ________ (塑料).
3．________ (蜂蜜) is sweet, sticky yellow or brown food made by bees, which is popular with the old.
4．Many people who retired from that institute are now ________ (居民) in Hainan Province.
5．As soon as they found out I was an official, their whole ________ (态度) changed and they took action quickly.
percentage
plastic
Honey
residents
attitude
6．This is a ________ (示意图) involving the manufacturing process.
7．His job is to represent the views of the ________ (大多数).
8．The organiser will ________ (总结) briefly and then we'll ask some questions.
9．Her tone ________ (暗示) that she didn't agree with my proposal.
10．The heavy rain has led to serious __________ (水灾) in some areas.
diagram
majority
sum
indicated
flooding
Ⅱ.短语填空
pay attention to, end up, make the best of, apart from, even though, take responsibility for, take... part (in), to sum up, take action, contribute... to
1．____________ your limited time to study hard, and you will make your dream come true.
2．He ________ a lot of money ________ the institute.
3．____________ the colour, the dress doesn't suit me in many other aspects.
4．He tried to escape __________________ the industrial accident.
Make the best of
contributed
to
Apart from
taking responsibility for
5．____________， he appreciates our contribution.
6．He didn't ____________ the teacher and hesitated to get out of the classroom.
7．____________ he is poor, she loves him faithfully.
8．He ____________ as the head of the empire.
9．We urge the youth to ____________ to protect the environment.
10．The students should ________ an active ________ the debate on global warming during class.
To sum up
pay attention to
Even though
ended up
take action
take
part in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I had only focused ________ the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.
2．The Bajau, ________ these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
3．There are three books I reread ________ (annual). The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast.
4．It prevents people who are cut ________ from society falling victim to cheaters.
on
as
annually
off
5．Studies show that friendlier communication leads ________ a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly ________ that positive outcome.
6．However, the ________ (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
7．________ (make) the best of this close encounter (相遇), I took some pictures of the bear.
to
to
majority
Making
8．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named ________ (official) by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
9．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research ________ (indicate) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
officially
indicates
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．很明显，这个问题不会容易解决。(it作形式主语)
___________________________________________________________
2．我们从这里步行到车站要30分钟。(It takes sb. some time to do sth.)
___________________________________________________________
3．当提到篮球时，我们会想起姚明。(when it comes to...)
___________________________________________________________
It is clear that this problem will not be easily solved.
It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
When it comes to basketball, we will think of Yao Ming.
4．我们喜欢这个演员，他拿剑和持枪的样子同样好看。(as＋adj./adv.＋as)
___________________________________________________________
5．因为天色已晚，我们决定找家旅馆投宿。(as引导原因状语从句)
___________________________________________________________
We like the actor, who is as good looking with a sword as he is with a gun.
As it was getting late, we decided to book into a hotel.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．This foldable food ________ (容器) is easy to take, and you can fold it into one small piece.
2．________ (每年), around 30，000 elephants are killed for their tusks to make a profit.
3．A high p________ of the female staff are part time workers.
4．The local ________ (居民) were angry at lack of parking places.
5．The used ________ (塑料制的) bags can be used to contain our family rubbish.
container
Annually
percentage
residents
plastic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．There are clear ________ (indicate) that the economy is improving.
2．As an environmentalist, she always brings her own chopsticks instead of using the ________ (dispose) ones.
3．The ________ (major) of the residents chose to stay at home rather than go out to travel during the Spring Festival due to the wide spread of the virus.
indications
disposable
majority
4．He had a very bad attitude ________ work, which resulted in him losing the job.
5．The college is not an ________ (official) recognized English language school.
to/towards
officially
Ⅲ.选词填空(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
take part in, cut back on, to sum up, end up, dispose of, set a great example for, a wide range of
1．There is ____________ career opportunities open to young people.
2．____________ voluntary activities can develop our communicative ability.
3．____________， it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.
a wide range of
Taking part in
To sum up
4．By cleaning up your garbage before you leave the theatre, you can __________________ your kids.
5．He was so diligent that he ____________ as a fresher in Tsinghua University three years later.
6．Many of these infections are avoidable if the syringes (注射器) have been ____________ safely.
7．Meanwhile, the best advice may come from doctors who are advising patients to ____________ salt voluntarily.
set a great example for
ended up
disposed of
cut back on
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我们没有想到徒步旅行是如此艰难。(occur)
___________________hiking was such a hardship.
2．在过去的几十年里，生活变得更加舒适和方便。
Life ________________________ and convenient in the past few decades.
3．该是我们采取行动保护环境的时候了。
It's high time for us ________________________________．
4．是谁想出这个营销活动的主意的？
Who ____________ the idea of this marketing campaign
It didn't occur to us that
has become more comfortable
to take action to protect our environment
came up with
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers，small，tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1．What can we infer about languages in hunter gatherer times？( )
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B。
根据第一段第二句“When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.”可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D项错误；根据第一段的内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。
2．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2？( )
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。此题可从画线词后面的举例“such as English，Spanish and Chinese”着手，英语、西班牙语和汉语都是目前世界上几大语言之一，这几门语言的影响力是很大的；由此猜测，dominant与选项中的powerful最为接近。complex“复杂的”；advanced“高级的，先进的”；powerful“有影响力的”；modern“现代的”。故选C。
3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？( )
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.”可知，选B。
4．What is the main idea of the text？( )
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句中的“but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类越来越少。故选C。
B
Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday. And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.
Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.
Situated in the central Asia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.
The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7，585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1，284 square kilometres a year.
The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10，400 square kilometres and 3，436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.
Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total.
5．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4？( )
A．Going down. B．Going up.
C．Coming from. D．Taking up.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1，284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，故选A项。
6．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from？( )
A．The northwestern Chinese regions.
B．The northern Chinese regions.
C．The western part of China.
D．Foreign countries.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段提到“Most of the sandstorms that...control said on Monday.”去年袭击中国的沙尘暴来自外国，故选D项。
7．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia？( )
A．Mongolia. B．Africa.
C．China. D．Australia.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“China also suffers from sandstorms...sand source to northeast Asia.”可知中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地，故选C项。
8．What can we infer from this passage？( )
A.The land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.
B．China has made achievements in its own desertification control.
C．The desertification land makes up nearly half of China's territory.
D．Little progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段提到“The land suffering from...falling by 1，284 square kilometres a year.”遭受风沙袭击的土地每年减少7 585平方公里，沙地的区域一年减少了1 284平方公里，故可知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故选B项。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Successful students are highly motivated (激励) by an inner drive to study well. They have a specific career goal in mind. 1(____) So they form their own good study habits, plan ahead and stick to their study timetables on their own initiative.
If you want to be a successful student, motivate yourself and know that it is only you who are responsible for your study. There are some useful ways to improve your motivation.
1．You should write down your learning goals, which makes them become clear.
2．Imagine your success. Experience the feeling of reaching your particular goal.
3．2(____)
4．Seek advice and learn from the good students in your class.
Successful students tend to study hard. They pay attention to class as well as taking notes. 3(____) Outside class they find a quiet place to study, because they know that academic life comes before their social life.
Set your goals. After setting goals it is important to write them down for many reasons.
1．Goals that aren't written are only wishes.
2．It helps you make a commitment to yourself.
3．4(____)
4．No one wants to regret not doing something they could have done.
Successful students manage their time well by setting up weekly timetables. They make the best use of their study time and find a quiet place to study every day. 5(____) Most of the suggestions mentioned above can improve your motivation.
A．Give yourself rewards. Each time you complete a lesson, do something special for yourself.
B.It gives you a way to see your progress.
C．They make study time productive and not necessarily long.
D．You will be proud of yourself when you achieve success.
E．They know that they are responsible for their success or failure.
F．When you set your goals, make sure that your goals are specific and realistic.
G．They arrive at the classroom early and sit in the front.
1．答案：E
解析：根据空前“在他们心中都有具体的职业目标”，再结合空后“因此他们形成了良好的学习习惯”可知，过渡句是E项，即他们知道成败在于自己。故选E。
2．答案：A
解析：此空属于提升自己学习动力的方法之一，A项表示奖励一下自己，即每次完成一课后，为自己做一些特别的事情。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：这里说到成功的学生在校的学习方法，认真听讲，仔细记笔记，因此G项与语境相符，早到学校，坐在前排。故选G。
4．答案：B
解析：写下设定的目标有很多理由，B项表示它能让你看到自己的进步，属于理由中的一条。故选B。
5．答案：C
解析：找一个安静的环境，每天在那里学习，这样学习会事半功倍，因此C项内容符合语境。故选C。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
If you think you can't do something, then you can't do it 1.________ (real).
It's that simple. And it is the saddest truth in the process of being 2.________ (success). There are a variety of 3.________ (hardship) you will face in your journey to wherever you are going, and there is no way of 4.________ (avoid) them, which is a natural part in the process.
However, the biggest challenge you will likely face is 5.________ (you). You can accomplish almost anything you can dream of 6.________ motivation. But you will not accomplish even your most ordinary goals if you say you can't. You will never know how hard or how easy something really is if you never give it 7.________ chance. In turn, any chance is bound to 8.________ (destroy) by a “can't”. You might not even be aware that you are your own worst enemy, and how much you are limiting yourself simply by saying that you “can't” do and how much you can turn them into 9.________ you can do.
Always remember 10.________ (think) that you can do it.
1．答案：really
解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，故答案为really。
2．答案：successful
解析：考查形容词。be动词后面用形容词作表语，故答案为successful。
3．答案：hardships
解析：考查名词的数。此处表示在旅途中你将遇到各种各样的磨难。由此可知此处用名词的复数形式，故答案为hardships。
4．答案：avoiding
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示没有办法避免它们。介词of后用动名词作介词的宾语，故答案为avoiding。
5．答案：yourself
解析：考查代词。句意：然而，你可能面对的最大挑战就是你自己。根据句意可知答案为yourself。
6．答案：with/by
解析：考查介词。句意：你可以通过动力实现几乎所有的梦想。根据句意可知答案为with/by。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：如果你从不给它一个机会，你永远也不会知道它到底有多困难或多容易。根据句意可知答案为a。
8．答案：be destroyed
解析：考查动词的语态。句意：反过来，任何机会都注定要被“不能”摧毁。be bound to do sth.“肯定会做某事”，故此处用动词原形；根据句中“by a‘can't’”及句意可知此处指机会被摧毁，应用被动语态。故答案为be destroyed。
9．答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。此处表示把它们变成你能做的。此处是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和宾语，故答案为what。
10．答案：to think
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：永远记住，你可以做到。remember to do sth.“记得要去做某事”。根据句意可知答案为to think。Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 塑料制的 n. 塑料
2．____________ n. 居民
3．____________ n. 看法；态度
4．____________ n. 图解，示意图
5．____________ n. 蜂蜜
6．____________ n. 黄油，牛油
7．____________ n. 酸奶
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．residence n．住所→________ n．居民
2．dispose vt. & vi.处理；处置→________ adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的
3．package vt. 包装→________ n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
4．percent n．百分比→________ n．百分比，百分率
5．contain v．包含，容纳→________ n．容器
6．major adj.主要的；重要的→________ n．大多数
7．indicate vt.表明；显示→________ n．表明
8．annual adj.每年的→________ adv.每年；一年一度地
9．pollute vt.污染→________ n．污染物
10．flood v．淹没→________ n．水灾，洪水泛滥
11．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→________ adv.正式地；官方地；公开地
Ⅲ.合成词汇
1．air＋conditioning→________ n．空调系统
2．land＋fill→________ n．废弃物填埋场
3．clean＋burning→________ adj.清洁焚烧的
4．waste＋to＋energy→________ adj.以垃圾作为能源的
5．foot＋wear→________ n．鞋类
6．near＋surface→________ adj.近地表的
7．build＋up→________ n．增长；加强
8．over＋flow→________ vi. & vt.满是，有许多；泛滥
Ⅳ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．attitudes to ________________
2．take action(s) to do sth. ________________
3．reduce the use of ________________
4．as high as ________________
5．more than ________________
6．the majority of ________________
7．not as many ________________
8．take showers ________________
9．turn off ________________
10．cut back on the use of ________________
11．write an outline for ________________
12．(be) based on ________________
13．the number of ________________
14．give recommendations ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 参加
2．________________ 削减，缩减
3．________________ 一次性包装
4．________________ 塑料蜂蜜瓶
5．________________ 黄油和酸奶容器
6．________________ 总之
7．________________ 保护；照顾
8．________________ 更多地关注……
9．________________ 消极的调查结果
10．________________ 积极的调查结果
11．________________ 太阳能
12．________________ 转变成其他形式的能源
13．________________ 把……转化成……
14．________________ 一张，一块，一片
15．________________ 把……看作……
第一版块|核心单词
1)official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的；正式的)
(教材原句)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500名市民，调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
The measure will mainly be carried out by government officials.这项措施主要由政府官员来执行。
He settled down again to the official mail.
他又定下心来处理那些公务邮件。
[比较] official/officer
·official多指政府官员；
·officer多指军官、警官，也可指机构的高级职员、政府的官员。
[拓展] officially adv.官方地；正式地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The President and the Secretary of State are government ________ (official).
②The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
选词填空：official/officer
③The bullet hit the police ________ in the shoulder.
④An ________ of the local government called to see him.
完成句子
⑤The President wanted to ________________ (进行公务访问) to the country.
2)attitude n．看法；态度)
a(n)... attitude towards/to... 对……的……看法/态度
a good/bad attitude 好的/坏的态度
a positive/negative attitude 积极的/消极的态度
a friendly/relaxed attitude 友好的/放松的态度
have/take a positive attitude towards life
对生活有积极的态度
an attitude of mind 心态，思想方法
The teacher is angry at the poor attitudes of the students.老师对学生的恶劣态度很生气。
As you get older, your attitude towards death will change.随着年龄的增长，你对死亡的看法将会改变。
His attitude to his new job seemed to be very negative.
他对新工作的态度似乎很消极。
[语境助记]
Only when you take a positive attitude to wards the project will you enjoy the whole process.只有当你对此项目抱有积极态度时，你才能享受整个过程。
(“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only when you take a positive attitude ________ the study will you make great progress.
②There are two kinds of views. What is your attitude ________ the latter
完成句子
③She shows ______________________ (非常积极的态度) to her work.
3majority n．大多数(反：minority n．少数) major adj.较大的；主要的 n．主修科目；主修学生 ,vi.以……为专业,(教材原句)Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.此外，大多数居民骑自行车或步行。
The majority was/were for the proposal that the president should be directly elected.大多数人赞成直选总统的提议。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.,达成协议似乎不可能，因为委员会的大多数成员都反对。
Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority.调查显示该条约的支持者仍占多数。
She majored in maths and physics at university.,她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
Only a minority of people support these new laws.,只有少数人支持这些新法令。
Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.,舞蹈课上男生很少。
[用法] ,·the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。,·the majority of后可接不可数名词，也可接复数名词，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致。,·“the majority of＋集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空,①To my surprise, the majority of the students ________ (be) for his proposal.,②The English ________ (major) are asked to explore the roots of the language.,③He majored ________ International Politics at Harvard University.,④For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority ________ (be) over the age of fifty.,⑤In the general population right handed people are ________ the majority.
(4)sum vt.概括，总结 n．金额；总数)
(教材原句)To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
sum up 总结，概括
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
to sum up 总之
in sum 总之
(＝in short/in brief/in a word/all in all/in conclusion/to conclude)
We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.我们可以用三句话来概括本课要点。
To sum up, we need to concentrate on staff training.
概括地说，我们需要集中精力进行职工培训。
The sum will be increased by fifteen percent.
金额将要增加百分之十五。
In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners.总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (sum) up, he is a person with many outstanding qualities.
②She came into ________ large sum of money when her father died.
③The last section sums ________ all the arguments on either side.
④________ sum, theory should be combined with practice.
完成句子
⑤________________ (总之), for your health, you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
⑥I had to spend __________________ (一大笔钱) to get it back.
5)indicate vt.表明；显示；指示；象征；暗示，预示 indication n．迹象；显示，表明)
(教材原句)This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
这表明居民需要对这两项行动给予更多的关注。
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/指出某事
indicate that... 表明/显示……
indicate to sb. that... 向某人暗示……；向某人表明……
The state of his clothes indicates clearly that he has been playing football.他衣服的样子清晰地表明他一直在踢足球。
My car's gas gauge indicates that there is little gas left.
我车上的汽油量表显示剩下的油不多了。
There is every indication that the price will rise.
各种迹象表明价格将上涨。
The fuel tank indication light doesn't work anymore.
油箱指示灯坏了。
[句式] There are clear indications that...有明显的迹象显示……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route ______ us.
②The study ________ (indicate) that our living standards have risen.
③Every ________ (indicate) shows there lives a mysterious monster in the valley.
完成句子
④He ________________ (向我暗示) we could never be good friends again.
⑤________________ (没有迹象表明) we shall have an earthquake.
6)overflow vi. & vt.满是，有许多；泛滥；过度延伸 n．漫出；溢出)
(教材原句)They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is...
他们认为，虽然回收垃圾是有效的，但解决垃圾填埋场溢出问题的最有效方法是……
overflow into 延伸到……
overflow onto 溢出流到……上
overflow with 充满……
He always fills his glass till it overflows.
他总是把杯子斟得很满。
The waste water often overflows into rivers and streams during storms.
在暴风雨期间，废水经常溢出到河流和小溪中。
His heart overflowed with joy at the good news.
听到这个好消息，他高兴得心花怒放。
There is an overflow of cheap ballpoint pens in the market.
市场上廉价的圆珠笔泛滥。
The overflow from the bath ran onto the floor.
浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
[说明] overflow由前缀over 加flow构成，前缀over 含有“过度”之意，所以overflow有“泛滥”之意。类似的词还有：
overpopulation人口过剩 overcooked煮过头的
overweight超重的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Water from the kitchen sink overflowed ________ the floor.
②The kitchen garden was full to overflowing ________ fresh vegetables.
完成句子
③A new office block was built to accommodate ________________ (多出的员工).
选词填空：overflow/overpopulation/
overweight/overcooked
④I wonder if the parcel is ________．
⑤After a long period of rain the river may ________ its banks.
⑥Some scientists are concerned about ________ in the world.
⑦The steak is a little ________， and the vegetables are a little undercooked.
第二版块|重要短语
1)take part(in)参加)
(教材原句)More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.参与调查的人中，超过一半的人在过去一个月里做了五项活动中的四项。
paly a part in 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games？有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？
Only if you take an active part in physical activities will you be able to keep fit.
你只有积极参加体育活动，才能够保持身体健康。
Climate plays a significant part in agriculture.
气候在农业中起着重要的作用。
[用法] ·take part in指参加集体性活动，重在说明参加者是其中一员并在其中发挥一定的作用。
·part前有形容词修饰时，必须加不定冠词，如take an active part in; take part in为及物短语动词，take part为不及物短语动词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All the students take ________ active part in physical activities.
②Officials have said lightning may have played ________ part in the accident.
③Some of us were confident and eager to take part ________ the class activity, while others were nervous and anxious.
④Everyone should play a part in ________ (protect) the earth.
2)take action to do sth.采取措施做某事)
(教材原句)Unfortunately, not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes.不幸的是，没有那么多参加的人采取行动在家里节约用水和能源。
in action 在活动中；在运转
out of action 失去作用；停止运转
put... in action 使……行动起来；使……开始工作；使……起作用
We must take action to fight pollution.
我们必须采取行动防治污染。
[归纳拓展]
take measures to do sth.＝take steps to do sth.
采取措施做某事
We hope the school will take measures/steps to improve our lives.我们希望学校采取措施改善我们的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The police are taking action ________ (deal) with the theft.
②The charity, which was founded in 1910, is still ________ action.
完成句子
③Approaching the final exam, our class will ________________ (采取措施去提高) our grades.
3)pay attention to注意，关注)
pay more attention 多多注意
pay no attention 没注意
attract/catch/draw one's attention (to) 引起某人(对……)的注意
bring... to one's attention 使某人注意……
turn one's attention to 把注意力转向
focus one's attention on 集中注意力于
keep attention 保持专注
hold one's attention 保持注意力
Please pay attention to what the teacher is saying.
请注意老师正在说的话。
But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
但是在这个实验中，它们所做的是更多地关注大的数而不是小的数。
The education department suggested more attention (should) be paid to the safety of the students in summer holidays.
教育部门建议应该更加注意暑期学生的安全。
[语境助记]Mr. Smith's act drew much of the public's attention.史密斯先生的行为引起了公众的广泛注意。
I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes...我原以为一个玩具能使他集中注意力大约五分钟……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The education experts suggested more attention ________ (pay) to protecting the students' eyes.
②Parents should pay more attention ________ their children's Internet problems.
完成句子
③As a student, we should ________________ (把我们的注意力集中在) study.
4)cut back on削减，缩减；(尤指为了改善健康而)少吃，少喝)
(教材原句)．.. and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging...
……超过三分之二(70%)的人试图减少一次性包装的使用……
cut back on spending/expenses 削减开支/花销
cut back on staff 裁减员工
cut back on fatty foods 少吃高脂食物
The consumers have cut back on buying cars.
消费者们已削减了购车花销。
When my dad lost his job, we had to cut back on entertainment expenses.爸爸失业时，我们必须减少娱乐开支。
[归纳拓展]
cut down (on sth.)＝cut back (on sth.)削减，缩减；(尤指为了改善健康而)少吃，少喝
cut down on spending＝cut back on spending削减开支
cut in插嘴，打断别人说话 cut out裁剪；删去
cut down砍倒；删节；削减 cut up切碎，剁碎
cut across走近路；抄近路穿过 cut off切掉；中断；使与外界隔绝
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They had to cut back ________ production during the power cuts.
②Don't cut ________ the tree that gives you shade.
③She always focused on what her friend was saying and seldom cut ________．
④We can gain some time if we cut ________ this field.
⑤Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut ________ from the outside world.
⑥We must do more to cut ________ on carbon emission.
5)be able to do能够做)
(教材原句)Sweden's waste to energy plants are able to burn more waste than the country produces.瑞典的垃圾焚烧发电厂能够燃烧的垃圾比该国产生的垃圾还要多。
ability n.能力；才能
She is able to speak three languages.她能够讲三种语言。
Students of all abilities will get together and study for two weeks.各种水平的学生将聚集在一起学习两个星期。
I am able to run very fast.我能够跑得很快。
He was able to make lots of friends when he was very young.当他年轻的时候，他能够交很多朋友。
They will be able to finish the work soon.
他们很快就能完成工作。
I wonder whether they have been able to find jobs.
我想知道他们是否(已)能够找到工作。
[归纳拓展]
一般现在时：am/is/are able to do
一般过去时：was/were able to do
一般将来时：will__be able to do
现在完成时：have/has__been able to do
[说明]was/were able to do＝managed to do＝succeeded in doing做成功了
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able ________ (ride) a bike if I had lost heart.
②Being able to make small talk ________ (be) a very useful skill in relating with other people.
③The ability ________ (laugh) is actually something we are born with.
④We ________ (be) able to master all the words by next week.
一句多译
他成功地准时完成了工作。
⑤________________________________________________________________________
⑥________________________________________________________________________
⑦________________________________________________________________________
6)deal with处理；对付；涉及；和……做生意；讲述)
(教材原句)Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.
尽管这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区正在想解决办法来处理自己的废物。
deal with the situation 应对这一形势
deal with pressure 应对压力
deal with the difficulty 应付困难
deal with a problem 解决问题
Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.普通肥皂正确使用，可以有效地对付细菌。
This book deals with the ancient history of China.
这本书讲述了中国的古代史。
In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.
许多人认为，那家公司虽小，但跟它做生意却很愉快。
[说明] deal with与do with表“处理，对待”。
I have no idea how to deal with the problem.＝I have no idea what to do with the problem.我不知道该如何处理这个问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is used to ________ (deal) with all kinds of people in her job.
②I can't control what happens to me, but I can choose ________ to deal with it.
③I must leave now, because I have some business to deal ________．
④She does not know ________ to do with this situation.
完成句子
⑤I like to ________________________ (与这家公司做生意) because it is honest.
⑥This book ________________________ (讲述了一个故事) of a student trying to change the fate of his family.
7)make the best of充分利用)
(教材原句)They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.
他们也为别人树立了一个很好的榜样，告诉他们如何充分利用糟糕的情况。
make the most of 充分利用
make good use of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
take full advantage of 充分利用
We should make the best of this valuable opportunity.
我们应该充分利用这个宝贵的机会。
If you cannot have the best, then make the best of what you have.如果你不能拥有最好的，那就充分利用你所拥有的。
Happiness is the ability to make the most of what you have.幸福就是充分利用你所拥有的一切的能力。
You should make good use of your spare time to practice English.你应该充分利用空闲时间练习英语。
I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们需要的物品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's my first trip abroad so I'm going to make ________ most of it.
②Good use has been made ________ your time to study English.
③The school isn't the one I really want to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to make the ________ (good) of it.
完成句子
④They tried their best ________________ (充分利用) the chance that their school offered to study hard.
8)contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；投稿)
(教材原句)Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution.
其他人类活动，如建筑和焚烧废物，也会造成空气污染。
make a contribution/contributions to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款
All the students contribute money to the flood stricken area.所有学生向洪灾区捐款。
Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country.在这个国家，酒精每年造成许多人死亡。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章。
[拓展] contribution n．贡献；捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
②Who made a great ________ (contribute) to the civil rights movement in the U．S.
完成句子
③She would try to persuade local business leaders to __________________________ (为这项事业捐款).
第三版块|典型句式
1)as... as...结构)
(教材原句)As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
如图所示，认为自己需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
[句式分析] as... as...意为“像/和……一样……”，表示同级比较，两个as之间常使用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为not as... as...或not so... as...。
You are as tall as your father.你和你父亲一样高。
It's not as hard as I thought.这没有我想象的那么困难。
[拓展] as... as...结构还有以下几种常见形式：
表示倍数的修饰词放在第一个as前面：
Cats sleep twice as much as people.
猫睡觉的时间是人的两倍。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①外面有一个神奇的世界，它需要我们的孩子们，就像孩子们需要它一样。
There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children ________________ they need it.
②随着年龄的增长，即使我们很健康，心脏处理氧气的效率也不像以前那么高了。
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't ________ efficient in processing oxygen ________ it used to be.
③她演奏得不如她姐姐。
She doesn't play ____________ her sister.
④参加会议的人数没有我们期望的那么多。
There weren't ________________ at the meeting ________ we had hoped.
⑤有些医生的薪水几乎是护士的两倍。
Some of the doctors are paid almost ________________ the nurses.
2)when it comes to...当涉及……时，当谈及……时)
(教材原句)In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.
在欧洲，瑞典在回收利用方面树立了一个很好的榜样。
when it comes to＋n./pron./v. ing 当涉及……时，当说到……时
When it comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.要说公开发言的话，没人能比得上他。
[归纳拓展]
come to a conclusion得出结论 come to one's aid援助某人
come to oneself恢复知觉 come to a decision做出决定
come to an agreement达成协议 come to an end结束
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact, when it comes ________ the art of war, ants have no equal.
②When it comes to ________ (adapt), it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
③When it comes to ________ (get) things done, he's useless.
3)even though/if即使(引导让步状语从句))
(教材原句)Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year...
尽管该国每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾……
as though/if 意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
You should have a try even though you don't succeed.
即使你不成功，你也应该试一试。
It looks as if it's going to thunder.
天看起来好像要打雷。(as if引导表语从句)
[说明]
如果主句用一般将来时，则even if/though引导的让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
Even though it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be on schedule.
即使明天下雨，会议也要如期进行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even ________ I fail this time, I will try again.
②The child talked to us ________ if he were a grown up.
完成句子
③I felt that it would be a victory for us ________________________ (即使我们输了比赛).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A high ________ (百分比) of the female staff are part time workers.
2．Those flowers aren't real—they're made of ________ (塑料).
3．________ (蜂蜜) is sweet, sticky yellow or brown food made by bees, which is popular with the old.
4．Many people who retired from that institute are now ________ (居民) in Hainan Province.
5．As soon as they found out I was an official, their whole ________ (态度) changed and they took action quickly.
6．This is a ________ (示意图) involving the manufacturing process.
7．His job is to represent the views of the ________ (大多数).
8．The organiser will ________ (总结) briefly and then we'll ask some questions.
9．Her tone ________ (暗示) that she didn't agree with my proposal.
10．The heavy rain has led to serious __________ (水灾) in some areas.
Ⅱ.短语填空
pay attention to, end up, make the best of, apart from, even though, take responsibility for, take... part (in), to sum up, take action, contribute... to
1．____________ your limited time to study hard, and you will make your dream come true.
2．He ________ a lot of money ________ the institute.
3．____________ the colour, the dress doesn't suit me in many other aspects.
4．He tried to escape ____________ the industrial accident.
5．____________， he appreciates our contribution.
6．He didn't ____________ the teacher and hesitated to get out of the classroom.
7．____________ he is poor, she loves him faithfully.
8．He ____________ as the head of the empire.
9．We urge the youth to ____________ to protect the environment.
10．The students should ________ an active ________ the debate on global warming during class.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I had only focused ________ the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.
2．The Bajau, ________ these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
3．There are three books I reread ________ (annual). The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast.
4．It prevents people who are cut ________ from society falling victim to cheaters.
5．Studies show that friendlier communication leads ________ a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly ________ that positive outcome.
6．However, the ________ (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
7．________ (make) the best of this close encounter (相遇), I took some pictures of the bear.
8．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named ________ (official) by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
9．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research ________ (indicate) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．很明显，这个问题不会容易解决。(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________
2．我们从这里步行到车站要30分钟。(It takes sb. some time to do sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
3．当提到篮球时，我们会想起姚明。(when it comes to...)
________________________________________________________________________
4．我们喜欢这个演员，他拿剑和持枪的样子同样好看。(as＋adj./adv.＋as)
________________________________________________________________________
5．因为天色已晚，我们决定找家旅馆投宿。(as引导原因状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
Section E Writing Workshop, ViewingWorkshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．plastic 2.resident 3.attitude 4.diagram 5.honey
6．butter 7.yoghurt
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．resident 2.disposable 3.packaging 4.percentage
5．container 6.majority 7.indication 8.annually
9．pollutant 10.flooding 11.officially
Ⅲ.合成词汇
1．air conditioning 2.landfill 3.clean burning
4．waste to energy 5.footwear 6.near surface 7.build up
8．overflow
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．对……的态度/看法 2.采取措施/行动做某事 3.减少……的使用 4.高达…… 5.超过，多于 6.大多数…… 7.没有那么多…… 8.洗淋浴 9.关掉(灯、电源、水龙头等)
10．减少……的使用 11.为……撰写提纲 12.根据…… 13.……的数量 14.给出建议
1．take part in 2.cut back on 3.disposable packaging
4．plastic honey bottles 5.butter and yoghurt containers
6．to sum up 7.take care of 8.pay more attention to
9．negative findings 10.positive findings 11.solar energy 12.change into other forms of energy 13.turn... into... 14.a piece of 15.see... as...
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①officials ②officially ③officer ④official
⑤make an official visit
2．①towards/to ②towards/to ③a very positive attitude
3．①are ②majors ③in ④is/are ⑤in
4．①To sum ②a ③up ④In ⑤To sum up/In sum
⑥a large sum of money
5．①to ②indicates ③indication ④indicated to me that ⑤There is no indication that
6．①onto ②with ③the overflow of staff ④overweight ⑤overflow ⑥overpopulation ⑦overcooked
第二版块|重要短语
1．①an ②a ③in ④protecting
2．①to deal ②in ③take measures/steps/action to improve
3．①(should) be paid ②to ③focus our attention on
4．①on ②down ③in ④across ⑤off ⑥back
5．①to ride ②is ③to laugh ④will be
⑤He managed to finish his work on time.
⑥He was able to finish his work on time.
⑦He succeeded in finishing his work on time.
6．①dealing ②how ③with ④what
⑤deal with the company ⑥deals with a story
7．①the ②of ③best ④to make the best of/to make good use of/to make full use of/to make the most of/to take full advantage of
8．①to ②contribution ③contribute to the cause
第三版块|典型句式
1．①as much as ②as; as ③as well as
④as many people; as ⑤twice as much as
2．①to ②adaptation ③getting
3．①though/if ②as ③even if/though we lost the game
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．percentage 2.plastic 3.Honey 4.residents 5.attitude
6．diagram 7.majority 8.sum 9.indicated 10.flooding
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．Make the best of 2.contributed; to 3.Apart from
4．taking responsibility for 5.To sum up 6.pay attention to
7．Even though 8.ended up 9.take action 10.take; part in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．on 2.as 3.annually 4.off 5.to; to 6.majority
7．Making 8.officially 9.indicates
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It is clear that this problem will not be easily solved.
2．It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
3．When it comes to basketball, we will think of Yao Ming.
4．We like the actor, who is as good looking with a sword as he is with a gun.
5．As it was getting late, we decided to book into a hotel.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
