(共136张PPT)
Section C Lesson 2 Greening the Desert
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 盈利，利润
2．____________ n. 联合会
3．____________ n. 比率，率
4．____________ n. 县
5．____________ vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情)
6．____________ adj. 以前的，从前的
profit
union
rate
county
overcome
former
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．post vt.张贴→________ n．海报
2．found vt.创建，创办→________ n．创办人，创始者
3．organise vt. & vi.组织→________ n．组织者，安排者
4．content vt.使满足，使满意→________ adj.满意的；满足的
5．agriculture n．农业→___________ adj.农业的
6．propose vt. & vi.建议，提议→________ n．建议，提议
poster
founder
organiser
contented
agricultural
proposal
7．survive vt. & vi.继续生存→________ n．继续生存，幸存
8．determine vt. & vi.(使)下决心，(使)作出决定→___________n．决心；毅力
9．current adj.当前的，现时的→________ adv.现时；目前；当前
10．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的→________ adv.普通地；平常地
11．occur vi.发生→________ n．发生，事件→________ vi.再发生→__________ n．再发生
12．quote n．引文，引用(的话) vt.引用；引证；用引号把……括起来；把……放于引号内→________ n．引用，引用句
survival
determination
currently
ordinarily
occurrence
reoccur
reoccurrence
quotation
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．the Student Union ________________
2．turn deserts/dry farmland into forest________________
3．help to stop droughts ________________
4．make one's dream come true ________________
5．a survival rate ________________
学生会
把沙漠/旱地变为森林
帮助阻止干旱
(使)某人梦想成真
生存率/存活率
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 坚定地
2．________________ 调整(情绪)
3．_________________________ 以前与现在的情况
4．________________ 所谓的普通人
5．________________ 有机会做某事
with one's determination
work through
the former and the current conditions
so called “ordinary people”
have a chance to do sth.
第一版块|核心单词
1)profit n．盈利，利润；收益 v．得益；获利；有益于)
(教材原句)A Non Profit Organisation I Admire
一个我敬佩的非营利组织
make/earn a profit 赚取利润
at a profit 获利；赚钱
the net profit 净利润；净收益
a big/huge profit 巨额利润
a healthy/handsome/tidy profit 一大笔利润
a good profit 可观的利润
a small/modest profit 微薄的利润
The firm, which employs some 65 people, has not made a profit to date.该公司雇员约65人，截至目前仍未获利。
I want to know the net profit.我想知道净收益。
We buy them cheaply and then flog them off at a profit.
我们低价买下它们，然后卖出获利。
Taking these courses profited him.
选修这些课程对他有好处。
You will be profited if you follow my advice.
如果照我的建议去做，你会受益的。
[拓展] profitable adj.有益的；有利可图的
non profit adj.非营利的
Betty believed yoga was a very profitable exercise.
贝蒂认为瑜伽是一项非常有益的锻炼。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We are in business to make ________ profit.
②She will never be a professional musician, but I'm sure that she has profited ________ her lessons.
③The mechanic fixed up the old car and sold it ________ a profit.
④He studied the German market to find the potential there for ________ (profit) investment.
a
from
at
profitable
完成句子
⑤Due to the recent economic crisis, investors suffer _______________ (收益大减).
⑥It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot ___________ (赚取利润).
a huge drop in profits
make a profit
2)contented adj.满意的；满足的 content v．(使)满足；(使)满意 n．内容；目录；含量 adj.满足的；满意的)
(教材原句) Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.易女士过着满足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情发生，这件事改变了她的生活。
be/feel contented 感到满意的
content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对某事满意
be/feel content with (＝be/feel satisfied with) 对……感到满意
be content to do sth. (＝be willing to do sth.) 愿意做某事
Whenever he returns to this place, he is happy and contented.无论什么时候回到这里，他都是既高兴又满足。
John contented himself with two glasses of beer even though he could have had more.即使约翰本来能够多喝几杯啤酒，但他喝了两杯就感到满足了。
I am content to admire the mountains from below.
我愿意从山脚下赏山。
[比较] contented/content
二者均可表示“满足的，满意的”，其区别是：
·contented指安于现状已无他求，有“知足”的意味，可用作表语或定语。
Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was contented with the marks he got.汤姆是个懒家伙，他勉强通过了考试，就对他得到的分数感到满足了。
·content表示“甘心的，甘愿的”，多用作表语，后面还可接不定式。
Many men are content with this routine life.
很多人满足于这种有规律的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You will have to content yourself ________ what you have.
② She is happy to see her daughter lead a fulfilling and ________ (content) life.
③ She dropped her suitcase and the ________ (content) fell out on the floor.
④After a while she seemed content ________ (leave) her husband over at the cemetery (墓地).
with
contented
contents
to leave
选词填空：contented/content
⑤He has a ________ smile.
⑥He was quite ________ to do so.
完成句子
⑦As the TV is broken, you'll have to _________________ (使自己满足于) the radio.
contented
content
content yourself with
3)occur vi.发生；存在；出现；想到)
Sth. occurs/occurred to sb. (观念或想法)被某人想到。
It occurs/occurred to sb. that... 某人想到……
It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事。
(It是形式主语，that从句或不定式是真正的主语)
I was only two years old when the accident occurred.
事故发生时我才两岁。
I hope no accident has occurred to him.
我希望他没出什么事。
It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.
我忽然想起来忘了锁门。
Didn't it occur to you to phone them about it
关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？
[拓展] occurrence n．发生；事件；出现
Complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence.
投诉似乎成了日常的事。
It is more a made up story than a real occurrence.
那(更像)是杜撰的故事，而不是真实的事情。
[说明] (1)表示“发生”的动词(词组)occur, happen, take place, break out等都是不及物动词(词组)，都不能用于被动语态。
(2)以下动词的过去式、过去分词及现在分词都要双写r：
occur—occurred—occurred—occurring，prefer—preferred—preferred—preferring，refer—referred—referred—referring，infer—inferred—inferred—inferring
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① His name did not occur ________ my memory.
② The explosion ________ (occur) during an exercise near the town.
③It never occurred ________ me that I had seen her before somewhere.
④But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the ________ (occur) of anger.
⑤________occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
⑥It seldom occurred to them ________ (wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.
to
occurred
to
occurrence
It
to wander
完成句子
⑦____________________ (我想到了一个好主意) that we could advertise our agriculture products on the Internet.
＝______________ that we could advertise our agriculture products on the Internet.
A good idea occurred to me
It occurred to me
4)proposal n．建议，提议 propose vt.提议；打算；计划)
(教材原句)The local government agreed with her proposal to plant one million trees in the region over ten years.当地政府同意了她在十年的时间里在该地区种植一百万棵树的建议。
make a proposal 提建议
put forward a proposal 提出建议
come up with a proposal 提出建议
approve/accept a proposal 批准/接受提议
support/reject a proposal 支持/否决提议
propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事
propose doing sth. 打算做某事
propose to do sth. 打算做某事
Various proposals were put forward by the employees for increasing sales.员工们提出了各种提高销售额的建议。
The manager made a proposal for uniting the two companies.
经理提出了将两家公司联合起来的建议。
It was proposed to build a dam on the upper reach of the river.有人建议在河流的上游修建一座水坝。
[说明] proposal意为“建议”，后跟同位语从句或表语从句，或propose后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
My proposal is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups.
我的建议是我们(应该)派几个同志去帮其他小组。
The teachers proposed that they (should) all go to the Museum of Natural History.
教师们建议他们(应该)都去参观自然历史博物馆。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They proposed ____________ (make) arrangements beforehand.
②The teacher may require a second ________ (propose) if the first is off topic or unclear.
③In his speech he proposed that the UN ________ (set) up an emergency centre for the environment.
④They proposed ____________ (form) a group to investigate the case.
⑤The proposal that we ____________ (send) another satellite into space is to be discussed at the meeting.
⑥Tom proposed ________ (delay) our decision until the next meeting.
making/to make
proposal
(should) set
forming/to form
(should) send
delaying
完成句子
⑦They ___________________ (提出建议) for a joint research project.
⑧____________________ (提案得到批准) by the committee.
put forward a proposal
The proposal was approved
5)slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 v．减肥；缩减)
stay/keep slim 保持苗条
slim down 消瘦；精简(机构)；裁减(人员)
There's a slim chance that...
有很小的机会……
There's still a slim chance that he may become president.
他成为总统的可能性仍然很小。
If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
如果他能吃得多还能保持苗条身材，为什么我不能？
Many firms have had little choice but to slim down.
许多公司除了裁员已经没有多少选择了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The industry may have to slim ________ even further.
完成句子
②____________________ (为了保持苗条), she only eats one meal a day.
③She has only ___________ (很渺茫的希望) of passing the exam.
down
In order to keep/stay slim
a slim chance
6)survival n．继续生存，幸存)
the struggle/battle/fight for survival
为生存而拼搏/战斗/斗争
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
survival skills 生存技能
survive on 靠……活下来；靠……生存
survive sb. by 3 years 比某人多活三年
Now the trees have a survival rate of 85%.
现在这些树有85%的存活率。
The operation was his only hope of survival.
那次手术是他生存的唯一希望。
We support their struggle for survival.
我们支持他们为生存而进行的斗争。
She was the only one to survive the car crash.
她是那次汽车撞车事故的唯一幸存者。
The old lady has survived all her children.
那位老妇人的子女都先她而去了。
There was only one survivor from the plane crash.
那次飞机失事中只有一个幸存者。
[拓展] survive vt.幸免于难；艰难度过；比……活得长 vi.存活；继续存在
survivor n．幸存者，生还者
[说明] v.＋ al→n.
survive v．→survival n．生存
arrive v．→arrival n．到达
refuse v．→refusal n．拒绝
approve v．→approval n．支持
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This soldier was the sole ________ (survive) of the battle.
②If cancers are spotted early，there's a high chance of ________ (survive).
③Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ (survive).
④Whales are the largest animals ever ________ (survive) on earth.
survivor
survival
survived
survived
⑤After he ________ (survive) the earthquake, the old man became one of the few ________ (survive) of the family and his ________ (survive) made his old friends very happy.
⑥Receiving the ________ (approve) from the parliament, the president decided to carry out the economic reform.
survived
survivors
survival
approval
7)rate n．比率，率；速度，进度 v．认为；估价；定等级)
the birth/death rate 出生/死亡率
at this rate 照此情形；如此下去
at any rate 无论如何，不管怎样；
至少；反正；总而言之
at a steady rate 以平稳的速度
at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度
a high/low/rising rate of... 高/低/不断增长的……率
at an average rate of 以……的平均速度
rate...as... 认为……是……
At this rate we won't be able to afford a holiday.
照这样下去，我们就没有钱去度假了。
He will get some valuable experience, at any rate.
无论如何他会得到些宝贵的经验。
We rate him as one of the best.
我们认为他是最优秀者之一。
The novel was rated as a brilliant performance.
这部小说被认为是一部出色的作品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most people walk ________ an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.
②He ________ (rate) as one of the richest men in Texas.
③I would rate this wine ________ the finest I have ever tasted.
④New diet books appear ________ a rate of nearly one a week.
完成句子
⑤In the north of India, the population is booming ________________ (由于出生率高).
⑥The disease has spread _______________ (以惊人的速度).
at
was rated
as
at
due to high birth rates
at an alarming rate
8)overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)；战胜)
(教材原句)I have complete respect for her and admire her strength in overcoming such a great personal loss.
我完全尊重她，也敬佩她有克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量。
overcome bad habits 改掉恶习
overcome difficulties/fear/obstacles/disadvantages
克服困难/恐惧/障碍/不利条件
be overcome by 被……克服/控制/战胜
be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief
因情感/兴奋/恐惧/悲伤而不能自持
You cannot overcome them without enough motivation.
如果没有足够的动力，你就无法克服它们。
There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot overcome.世界上没有他们克服不了的困难。
The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.
天亮时，火势被完全控制住了。
I realised that there is no way I can overcome it.
我意识到自己没有办法战胜它。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Overcome ________ emotion, he pressed her hand and left her.
②Once this difficulty ________ (overcome), other problems will be easy to solve.
③Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges ___________ (overcome).
④Sue was overcome ________ surprise when Peter walked in.
完成句子
⑤Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student ______________________ (不可能克服她的困难).
with
is overcome
to overcome
by
could not overcome her difficulty
9)determination n．决心；毅力；决定)
(教材原句)She has made a huge difference with her determination to make her son's dreams a reality.
她已经下定决心做出巨大的改变以使她儿子的梦想成为现实。
the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心
with determination 坚决地
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
determine on/upon 决定
determine sth./that/wh ... 决定/确定……
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
be determined that... 决定/确定……
The police chief spoke of his determination to catch the killers.警长谈到他要抓住凶手的决心。
The determination of a name for the club took a very long time.决定俱乐部的名称花了很长的时间。
[拓展] determine v．决定；确定；测定→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；确定的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He now has the ________ (determine) to push further and keep on going.
②We are determined ________ (defend) our motherland at all costs.
③Her encouragement determined me ________ (carry) on with the work.
④He was determined ________ no one knew anything about it.
⑤The boundaries ___________ (determine) by the mountains and rivers.
determination
to defend
to carry
that
are determined
完成句子
⑥We ___________________________ (下定决心) this should never be allowed to happen again.
were determined that/determined that
10)former adj.以前的，从前的；前者的 n．前者)
(教材原句)Can you say something about the former and the current conditions in the desert
你能说一说有关沙漠以前和现在的情况吗？
I paid a visit to my former English teacher.
我拜访了我以前的英语老师。
Of these two men, the former is dead but the latter is still alive.这两个人中，前者已经死了，而后者仍然活着。
[归纳拓展] latter adj.以后的；较晚时候的 n．后者
固定表达：the former...the latter...(两者中的)前者……后者……
Tears and sweat are similar, but the former is only in exchange for the sympathy, while the latter can win success for you.泪水和汗水很相似，但前者只能换来同情，而后者能为你赢得成功。
[说明] (1)the former/the latter作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它指代的事物。
(2)former作形容词时只作定语；former作名词时常与定冠词the连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The city has a concert hall and two theatres. The former ________ (be) built in the 1950s.
②The family rented a ________ (form) church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
完成句子
③Many of _________________ (他以前的支持者) voted against him.
④I have two good friends, Mary and Lily. ________ (前者) is good at dancing; ________ (后者) can speak Danish fluently.
was
former
his former supporters
The former
the latter
11)ordinary adj.普通的；平常的；平淡的 ordinarily adv.通常；一般地)
(教材原句)Yi has shown that so called “ordinary people” can do amazing things.
易(解放)已经证明了所谓的“普通人”也能做出惊人的事情。
ordinary people/clothes 普通人/衣服
in the ordinary way 一般，通常
out of the ordinary 不寻常，出乎意料
An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.
一场普通的感冒很快便会引起发烧。
He can make ordinary things sound interesting.
他能把平常的事说得很有趣。
This room was ordinarily used by the doctor.
这个房间通常是医生用的。
Temperature ordinarily decreases with the increase of the altitude.温度一般随海拔增加而降低。
[比较] ordinary/common/usual/normal
·ordinary指普通，无奇特之处；
·common指常见，不足为奇；common sense常识；
common practice惯例；
·usual指惯常：as usual照例；照常；像往常一样
·normal指正常：lead a normal life过正常的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm looking for something a little more out of ________ ordinary.
选词填空：ordinary/common/usual/normal
②Jackson is a ________ English name.
③Although he is getting along in years, he can work hard as ________．
④The novelist's latest book is quite ________．
⑤It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to ________．
the
common
usual
ordinary
normal
完成句子
⑥The boy's knowledge was _______________ (非比寻常).
⑦One evening, I got off the bus halfway home where I had to change buses, and _______ (和往常一样) I ran into something.
out of the ordinary
as usual
第二版块|重要短语
1)make one's dream come true (使)某人梦想成真)
(教材原句)So Yi Jiefang decided to make her son's dream come true, and NPO Greenlife was born.于是，易解放决定使儿子梦想成真，非营利组织“绿色生命”应运而生。
dream of/about 梦想；梦到
a dream of... ……的梦想
realise/fulfil a dream 圆梦；实现梦想
beyond one's dreams 做梦也想不到
(go/work) like a dream 好极了；非常顺利；非常有效
be a dream 很完美；非常理想
have a dream 做梦
This story tells of two sporting heroes who made their dream come true.
这个故事讲述了两位体育英雄实现自己梦想的故事。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他的梦想已经实现了。
①_________________________________________________________
②_________________________________________________________
③_________________________________________________________
④_________________________________________________________
⑤_________________________________________________________
His dream has come true.
His dream has become a reality.
His dream has been realised.
He has realised his dream.
He has made his dream a reality.
完成句子
⑥The result of the competition is __________________ (我们做梦也想不到).
⑦Instead of feeling bitter about the unfair world, he tried his best to _________________ (实现他的梦想).
beyond our dreams
realise/fulfil his dream
2)prevent sb. from doing sth.(from可以省略，后面接doing或being done作宾语)阻止某人做某事)
(教材原句)Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.虽然这些树存活的可能性似乎很微小，但困难并没有阻止她尝试一下。
If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.如果你喜欢，在香蕉上挤一点新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成褐色。
[归纳拓展] (1)“保护某人不受……(伤害)”的表达法：
protect sb. from/against sth.
defend sb. from sth.
(2)“阻止某人做某事”的表达法：
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
(keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep...doing sth.使……一直做某事。在被动语态中，keep/stop/prevent...from doing结构中的from都不能省略。)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The heavy rain prevented the early bus from ________ (arrive) on time.
②Some government departments must take effective measures to prevent our environment from __________ (pollute) further.
③Hearing the words, he couldn't keep himself ________ laughing.
④We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from ________ (hunt).
⑤The processes take place to stop our brains________ (become) loaded with memories.
arriving
being polluted
from
being hunted
becoming
3)work through调整(情绪)；(使)逐渐通过，穿过；完成；解决)
(教材原句)How did Ms Yi Jiefang work through her sadness after her son's death？易解放女士在儿子去世后是如何从悲伤的情绪中调整过来的？
work through your grief 调整悲伤的情绪
work through problems 解决难题
Life is full of concerns, but you should work through them.生活充满了忧虑，但你应该努力排解这些忧虑。
Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
相反，这是一种健康的方式，来利用这段经历为积极的成长和宽恕留出空间。
[归纳拓展] “动词＋through”结构的短语：
go through 检查；浏览；通过，穿过；经历，遭受
get through 通过；到达；完成；用完；接通电话
live through 度过；经受住
look through 看穿；审核；浏览
read through 读完；通读
The hardy plant lived through the cold winter.
耐寒的植物经受住了严冬的考验。
Peter starts looking through the email as soon as the door shuts.
门一关上，彼得就开始查看电子邮件。
[即学即练] 写出句中work through的含义
①But talking about a problem probably helps her work through it._____
②We must work through the difficulties until we find an answer.______
③To work through these emotions, you first write all of your emotions down.____________
完成
解决
调整(情绪)
选词填空：work/go/read/look
④________ through the peephole to see who it is before you open the door.
⑤She ________ through pages and pages of the book I had brought for her.
⑥When Arafat came to see me I tried to ________ through the next steps with him.
⑦He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to ________ through.
Look
read
work
go
4)stand for表示，代表；主张，支持，拥护；容忍，忍受)
stand against 反对
stand by 袖手旁观；支持(某人)；信守(诺言)；遵守(协议)
stand up for 支持；维护
stand out 显眼；出色
What does WTO stand for
WTO表示什么？
We stand for religious freedom.我们主张宗教信仰自由。
I can't stand for your rudeness.我忍受不了你的粗鲁。
[提示] stand for作“容忍”讲时，常和否定词连用，表示“不能容忍”。for可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that “gym” stands ________ “gymnasium”．
②Don't lose heart; all your friends will stand ________ you.
③I think the people in this country will stand up ________ what is right.
④She's the sort of person who stands ________ in a crowd.
完成句子
⑤中国结代表着友谊、爱和好运。
Chinese knots ________friendship, love and good luck.
for
by
for
out
stand for
第三版块|典型句式
there seems/is a chance that...(似乎)有机会……)
(教材原句)Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.尽管这些树存活的机会似乎很渺茫，但困难并没有阻止她去尝试。
[句式分析]
(that引导同位语从句，对a chance进行解释说明)
The chance is that he has paid off his debt.
＝Chances are that he has paid off his debt.
＝There is a chance that he has paid off his debt.
他可能已经偿清债务了。
[相关短语]
by chance (＝by accident) 偶然地，意外地
give sb. a chance 给某人一次机会
a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会
a chance of doing sth. 做某事的可能性
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a good chance ________ we will win the game tomorrow.
②Chances are ________ Jim didn't realise he was disturbing you, so he probably didn't notice your annoyance.
③I never got the chance ________ (thank) him for his help.
④She has only a slim chance ________ passing the exam.
⑤It also gives people a chance ________ (see) what the new home looks like.
that
that
to thank
of
to see
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He ________ (克服) his difficulties to graduate with a first class degree.
2．Up to five million people a year visit the ________ (县).
3．Of the two suggestions, they prefer the ________ (前者).
4．There are several reasons for the ________ (当前的) political situation with a hard atmosphere.
5．His father is an ________ (普通的) worker, who works hard.
overcame
county
former
current
ordinary
6．Most of the population in this area are currently employed in ________ (农业) and fishing.
7．The disease has spread at an alarming ________ (比率).
8．Wages of officials varied in different ________ (地区), according to a professional survey.
9．Most ballet dancers are extremely ________ (苗条的) and artistic.
10．I gave the letter to the local press and they ________ (引用) a few lines from it.
agriculture
rate
regions
slim
quoted
11．As is mentioned in the documentary, Li Dazhao was one of the original ________ (创始者) of the Communist Party of China.
12．All the________ (利润) from the sales of the CD will go to the classical concert.
13．I have seen the ________ (海报) for the jazz festival in Monterey.
14．The grave was marked by a simple ________ (墓碑).
15．Police said the accident caused by burning rubbish________ (发生) at about 4：30 pm.
founders
profits
poster
headstone
occurred
Ⅱ.短语填空
prevent...from..., make sb.'s dream come true, stand for, bring...to an end, work through, join in
1．The letters ERM ____________ Exchange Rate Mechanism all around the world.
2．The owner taking charge of the firm ____________ by law ____________ making any major changes.
3．The General Secretary of the UN is wondering how he can ______ the global dispute (纷争) ____________．
stand for
is prevented
from
bring
to an end
4．She ____________of becoming an actress__________and performed a lot in front of viewers.
5．It's a complex situation but we'll ____________ it.
6．She invited us to ____________ a discussion about global warming.
made her dream
come true
work through
join in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．You will surely need ________ (overcome) some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned.
2．As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong
__________ (determine).
3．These developments are likely to make our ________ (currency) problems with robocalls much worse.
to overcome
determination
current
4．Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, ________ (determine) to test my own theory on this.
5．It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they're ________ (profit).
6．We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago.
7．Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early ________ (agriculture) societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
determined
profitable
occurred
agricultural
8．Submit a topic ________ (propose) to your history teacher.
9．The individual ________ (survive) rate of patients with this form of cancer is low.
10．Seeing the clown covered a mask on his face, the baby gurgled (发出咯咯声) with a ________ (content) smile.
proposal
survival
contented
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我不知如何才能让他们停止争论。(bring...to an end)
___________________________________________________________
2．他的努力使他横渡太平洋的梦想得以实现。(make sb.'s dream come true)
___________________________________________________________
3．总有可能会出现问题。(there seems/is a chance that...)
___________________________________________________________
I don't know how I can bring their dispute to an end.
His efforts made his dream of sailing across the Pacific Ocean come true.
There seems/is always a chance that something will go wrong.
4．要是我当初努力学习的话，我就能有机会通过考试了。(there seems/is a chance that...)
___________________________________________________________
5．约翰背部受了伤，这可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。(prevent...from doing...)
___________________________________________________________
There seemed/was a chance that I could pass the exam if I had worked hard.
John has a back injury that may prevent him from playing in tomorrow's game.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．Although she is a famous actress, she dresses like an ________ (普通的) girl so maybe you can't pick her out in the crowd.
2．Food from different ________ (地区) of China will enable global athletes to fully experience Chinese tastes.
3．In the animation Ne Zha, we can see a rebellious (叛逆的) child who ________ (克服) hardships and becomes a hero.
4．Of the two choices, the f________ is better than the latter.
ordinary
regions
overcomes
former
5．They had made a clear ________ (利润)of ￡2，000 by the end of last year.
6．They decided to extend the c________ UN humanitarian program.
profit
current
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．It never ________ (occur) to him that his novel would become such a hit and bring him so much fame and wealth.
2．The Speaker's Club is well ________ (organise) so that all members are able to have the opportunity to speak at every club meeting.
3．Harvard University issued a ________ (propose) entitled “Turning The Tide”， suggesting that colleges should place less emphasis on high stakes tests.
occurred
organised
proposal
4．With no tools on the deserted island, chances of their ________ (survive) were slim.
5．Not content ________ his present life, he decided to try his fortune in a bigger city.
6．After listening to the lecture, they determined ________ (join) the volunteer organization.
survival
with
to join
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
make sb.'s dream come true, work through, prevent...from..., refer to sb. as..., work on
1．Should I ________ you ________ Dr. Smith or Professor Smith
2．Linda spends all her time ____________ the garden.
3．To ____________ these emotions, first write all of your emotions down.
refer to
as
working on
work through
4．Something is ________ the machine ________ shutting down, so the motor is getting overheated.
5．Some of my favorite organizations are the ones that ________ terminally (晚期地) ill children's ______________．
preventing
from
make
dreams come true
Ⅳ.同义句转换(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．She was determined to make her son's dream a reality, despite all possible difficulties.
→She was determined to make her son's dream _________， despite all possible difficulties.
2．If it had been given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.
→______________________， the fire could have been avoided.
3．There is a small river that flows through the farm.
→There is a small river ____________________．
come true
Given more attention
flowing through the farm
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
About eight years ago, Mary Grace Henry of Harrison, New York, asked for a sewing machine (缝纫机) for her birthday. She wanted to design and sell headbands (头巾) to pay for just one African girl's schooling.
Now, 11，000 headbands later, Mary Grace has sold enough to give 45 girls living in poverty (贫穷) the gift of an education.
Henry is the founder of Reverse The Course—a headband making business that gives 100 percent of the money it makes toward educational chances for girls, primarily in Uganda and Kenya. Henry had the idea to start her business after learning about early marriage in some developing countries—a practice that greatly reduces the likelihood of a girl receiving education.
There are about 67 million child brides (新娘) worldwide, according to the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). Girls in poor communities in the developing world are greatly affected by the practice, which “repeats the cycle of poverty”， according to the organization.
On November 6, Henry won a World of Children Award for her work to fight against the practice through educational chances. According to the organization, $35，000 will be given to support Reverse The Course's work by providing money for student workshops and programs for girls in poor Africa.
“The greatest difficulty of education faced by both girls and boys is poverty，” Henry told the awards organization. “Girls, though, face a second hurdle that is far more difficult to address: their culture. In many countries throughout the world, girls are viewed as having not just less value than boys, but often little or no value.”
“When you see a need, act，” Henry said of the advice she'd give to others who want to make change. “Dream big, but start small, taking little steps. Set a goal (目标) and don't frighten yourself by thinking about the ‘what ifs’. Each step taken will present both new chances and new difficulties. Face each one as it comes and then keep going. All those little steps, done with love, will lead you to places impossible to imagine.”
1．Why did Henry found Reverse The Course？( )
A．To develop girls' sewing skills.
B．To raise money for the homeless.
C．To teach girls to design headbands.
D．To help African girls receive education.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Henry is the founder of Reverse The Course—a headband making business that gives 100 percent of the money it makes toward educational chances for girls, primarily in Uganda and Kenya.”可知，Henry建立了Reverse The Course，目的是想通过卖头巾获得资金去帮助非洲的贫困女孩，为她们提供教育机会。
2．What might surprise Henry greatly eight years ago？( )
A．Girls having less value than boys.
B．Child marriage in some countries.
C．Health problems in poor Africa.
D．Unfair schooling in some countries.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第一段可知，八年前，Henry开始卖自己做的头巾；再由第三段中的“start her business after learning about early marriage in some developing countries—a practice that greatly reduces the likelihood of a girl receiving education.”可知，Henry八年前了解到一些发展中国家的童婚问题导致很多女孩没有受到良好的教育，继而使得她们一直困于贫穷中，因此才萌生了卖头巾帮助她们的想法，故推断童婚问题使她大为震惊。
3．Which of the following best explains “hurdle” underlined in Paragraph 6？( )
A．Problem. B．Choice.
C．Need. D．Mistake.
答案：A
解析：猜测词义题。由画线词前的“‘The greatest difficulty of education faced by both girls and boys is poverty’”以及画线词后的“‘far more difficult to address: their culture... girls are viewed as having not just less value than boys, but often little or no value.’”可知，hurdle与difficulty意思相近，即“障碍，难题，问题”。
4．What did Henry advise readers to do？( )
A．Treasure what they have.
B．Put themselves in others' shoes.
C．Take small steps towards achieving their goal.
D.Bring happiness to others with time and patience.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中Henry说的话可知，她给那些想要改变这个世界的人提出了建议：行动起来，树立大梦想，从小事做起，采取措施，克服困难，永不放弃，终将有收获。
B
As a boy growing up in India, I had longed to travel abroad. I used to listen to the stories my father would tell me about his stay in Canada and tours to Europe in the 1970s, with great interest.
My big moment finally came in the summer of 1998 when I was able to accompany my parents to Europe, where my father was to attend a meeting. We planned to travel to Belgium, Netherlands and West Germany.
I have vivid memories even today of going to Mumbai airport at night all excited about finally going abroad. I had heard several great things about Lufthansa till then but now I finally got to experience them first hand, during the flight to Frankfurt. We flew business class and even today I can remember the excellent service by the Lufthansa crew. The flight was really smooth and thoroughly enjoyable, even for someone like me, who is otherwise scared of flying.
After spending almost two weeks in Europe, we took the Lufthansa airport express from Dusseldorf to Frankfurt airport, for our return flight. What a journey that was! All along the Rhine (莱茵河), it was simply an unforgettable experience. I was in a sombre mood on the flight back to Mumbai as it marked the end of a wonderful vacation, but the Lufthansa crew members were able to change it into a most enjoyable experience yet again, with the quality of their service.
Being the first airline to take me overseas, Lufthansa will always hold a special place in my heart. Even today, I continue to enjoy flights on Lufthansa and simply cannot dream of choosing any other airline. Flying, in general, for me, has always been an ordeal (terrible and painful experience). Flying on Lufthansa, however, is something I always have and always will look forward to.
5．Which country does the author live in now？( )
A．India. B．Canada.
C．Belgium. D．Germany.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段首句以及最后一段“Being the first airline to take me overseas...”可分析，作者生活的国度是在印度(India)，故选A。
6．Which of the following is TRUE about the author's trip to Europe in 1998？( )
A．The author traveled with one of his parents.
B．Both their going and return are by air.
C．They traveled in spring that year.
D．They stayed in Europe for nearly two months.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。A项错在与事实“和父母双亲一起去的”不符；C项错在与事实“他们是在夏季去的”不符；D项错在与事实“在欧洲待了两个星期”不符。B项与文章吻合，故选B。
7．It can be inferred from the passage that Lufthansa is ________.( )
A．a city in India
B．a city in Europe
C．an airline company
D．a travel agency
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通过后三段内容不难看出，此为一家航空公司的名称(德国汉莎航空公司)。故选C。
8．The underlined word “sombre” in the 4th paragraph probably means “________”．( )
A．happy B．sad
C．angry D．enjoyable
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。想到愉快的旅行就要结束，其心情自然不好，故选B项。根据后半句“但德国汉莎航空公司却以其高质量的服务使得‘我’这一返程旅行转变为‘a most enjoyable experience’”也可推知。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
If you want to write a strong essay, it is important to make sure you have three clear parts in your paper: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
1(____). It's used to catch your readers' attention and tell them what the essay will be about. Start with information they will need to know in order to understand your topic. Your thesis statement (论点) tells the readers the point or main idea of your essay. 2(____) Besides, many teachers suggest making your first sentence eye catching.
Once you have written a good opening paragraph, it is time to write the body. You'll usually produce at least three supporting paragraphs. 3(____) After you have written a supporting paragraph, read it and ask yourself: does it prove what I'm trying to say Remember, if you want to write a strong essay, one paragraph will center on one idea. 4(____)
Finally, a strong essay should end with a strong conclusion. When writing this paragraph, ask yourself the following question. 5(____) This is your last chance to make an impression on your readers, so tell them one last time what you wanted to prove and how you proved it. Be sure not to simply restate your thesis statement.
A．So, it should appear in the first paragraph.
B．Does this paragraph support my thesis statement
C．What do I want them to walk away thinking about
D．Your first paragraph is probably the most important.
E.Of course, you can have as many as you need to prove your point.
F．In other words, you want to attract your readers and keep them reading.
G．If you have two ideas in a single paragraph, break it up into two paragraphs.
1．答案：D
解析：由本空后面的内容可知，本段主要介绍创作文章时首段的重要性以及写法。故D项符合本段主旨大意。
2．答案：A
解析：第二段中的“Your thesis statement tells the readers the point or main idea of your essay.”与A项内容形成因果关系；且A项中的it指代“Your thesis statement”。
3．答案：E
解析：上文中的“supporting paragraphs”与E项中的“prove your point”在语意上相关；本空前一句说明一般情况，E项内容说明其他情况。
4．答案：G
解析：上文“one paragraph will center on one idea”与G项中的“two ideas in a single paragraph”存在关联；本空前一句介绍恰当写法：一段说明一个观点，而G项是对这个写法的补充说明。
5．答案：C
解析：由上文“ask yourself the following question”可推断，本空应填一个问句；本段介绍末尾段的写法，故C项符合语境。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1.________ (write) in classical Chinese and certain of traditional forms. Many 2.________ (poem) come from particular historical periods, such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty and the verse of the Song Dynasty. 3.________ (it) existence dates back to at least as early as the publication of The Book of Poetry or Shijing. There are 4.________ (vary) combinations of forms and genres, most of 5.________ arose at the Tang Dynasty.
Development of Classical Chinese poetry 6.________ (active) continued up to the year of 1919, when the May Fourth Movement 7.________ (take) place, and is still popular even today. Classical Chinese poetry created during this 3，000 year period has been developing continuously, 8.________ (produce) a great deal of diversity—classified by both major historical periods 9.________ dynastic periods.
Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry is its close inter relationship with other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy (书法). Classical Chinese poetry has proven to have a strong influence 10.________ poetry worldwide.
1．答案：written
解析：考查非谓语动词。中国古典诗歌是用古文写的传统中国诗歌。动词write与poetry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
2．答案：poems
解析：考查名词的数。poem为可数名词，空前有Many修饰，所以要用其复数形式。
3．答案：Its
解析：考查代词。此处指的是“它的”，要用形容词性物主代词。
4．答案：various
解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词combinations，故填形容词various“多种多样的”。
5．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是combinations，指物，因此在介词of之后要用关系代词which。
6．答案：actively
解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词continued，故用副词actively“活跃地”。
7．答案：took
解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的the year of 1919判断，此处要用一般过去时。
8．答案：producing
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用v. ing形式作结果状语。
9．答案：and
解析：考查连词。根据句子的结构和空前的both可知，此处应用表示并列关系的连词and。
10．答案：on
解析：考查介词。have an influence on为固定用法，表示“对……有影响”，故用介词on。Section C Lesson 2 Greening the Desert
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 盈利，利润
2．____________ n. 联合会
3．____________ n. 比率，率
4．____________ n. 县
5．____________ vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情)
6．____________ adj. 以前的，从前的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．post vt.张贴→________ n．海报
2．found vt.创建，创办→________ n．创办人，创始者
3．organise vt. & vi.组织→________ n．组织者，安排者
4．content vt.使满足，使满意→________ adj.满意的；满足的
5．agriculture n．农业→________ adj.农业的
6．propose vt. & vi.建议，提议→________ n．建议，提议
7．survive vt. & vi.继续生存→________ n．继续生存，幸存
8．determine vt. & vi.(使)下决心，(使)作出决定→________ n．决心；毅力
9．current adj.当前的，现时的→________ adv.现时；目前；当前
10．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的→________ adv.普通地；平常地
11．occur vi.发生→________ n．发生，事件→________ vi.再发生→________ n．再发生
12．quote n．引文，引用(的话) vt.引用；引证；用引号把……括起来；把……放于引号内→________ n．引用，引用句
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．the Student Union ________________
2．turn deserts/dry farmland into forest________________
3．help to stop droughts ________________
4．make one's dream come true ________________
5．a survival rate ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 坚定地
2．________________ 调整(情绪)
3．________________ 以前与现在的情况
4．________________ 所谓的普通人
5．________________ 有机会做某事
第一版块|核心单词
1)profit n．盈利，利润；收益 v．得益；获利；有益于)
(教材原句)A Non Profit Organisation I Admire
一个我敬佩的非营利组织
make/earn a profit 赚取利润
at a profit 获利；赚钱
the net profit 净利润；净收益
a big/huge profit 巨额利润
a healthy/handsome/tidy profit 一大笔利润
a good profit 可观的利润
a small/modest profit 微薄的利润
The firm, which employs some 65 people, has not made a profit to date.该公司雇员约65人，截至目前仍未获利。
I want to know the net profit.我想知道净收益。
We buy them cheaply and then flog them off at a profit.
我们低价买下它们，然后卖出获利。
Taking these courses profited him.
选修这些课程对他有好处。
You will be profited if you follow my advice.
如果照我的建议去做，你会受益的。
[拓展] profitable adj.有益的；有利可图的
non profit adj.非营利的
Betty believed yoga was a very profitable exercise.
贝蒂认为瑜伽是一项非常有益的锻炼。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We are in business to make ________ profit.
②She will never be a professional musician, but I'm sure that she has profited ________ her lessons.
③The mechanic fixed up the old car and sold it ________ a profit.
④He studied the German market to find the potential there for ________ (profit) investment.
完成句子
⑤Due to the recent economic crisis, investors suffer ____________________ (收益大减).
⑥It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot __________________________ (赚取利润).
2)contented adj.满意的；满足的 content v．(使)满足；(使)满意 n．内容；目录；含量 adj.满足的；满意的)
(教材原句) Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.易女士过着满足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情发生，这件事改变了她的生活。
be/feel contented 感到满意的
content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对某事满意
be/feel content with (＝be/feel satisfied with) 对……感到满意
be content to do sth. (＝be willing to do sth.) 愿意做某事
Whenever he returns to this place, he is happy and contented.无论什么时候回到这里，他都是既高兴又满足。
John contented himself with two glasses of beer even though he could have had more.即使约翰本来能够多喝几杯啤酒，但他喝了两杯就感到满足了。
I am content to admire the mountains from below.
我愿意从山脚下赏山。
[比较] contented/content
二者均可表示“满足的，满意的”，其区别是：
·contented指安于现状已无他求，有“知足”的意味，可用作表语或定语。
Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was contented with the marks he got.汤姆是个懒家伙，他勉强通过了考试，就对他得到的分数感到满足了。
·content表示“甘心的，甘愿的”，多用作表语，后面还可接不定式。
Many men are content with this routine life.
很多人满足于这种有规律的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You will have to content yourself ________ what you have.
② She is happy to see her daughter lead a fulfilling and ________ (content) life.
③ She dropped her suitcase and the ________ (content) fell out on the floor.
④After a while she seemed content ________ (leave) her husband over at the cemetery (墓地).
选词填空：contented/content
⑤He has a ________ smile.
⑥He was quite ________ to do so.
完成句子
⑦As the TV is broken, you'll have to ______________________ (使自己满足于) the radio.
3)occur vi.发生；存在；出现；想到)
Sth. occurs/occurred to sb. (观念或想法)被某人想到。
It occurs/occurred to sb. that... 某人想到……
It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事。
(It是形式主语，that从句或不定式是真正的主语)
I was only two years old when the accident occurred.
事故发生时我才两岁。
I hope no accident has occurred to him.
我希望他没出什么事。
It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.
我忽然想起来忘了锁门。
Didn't it occur to you to phone them about it
关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？
[拓展] occurrence n．发生；事件；出现
Complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence.
投诉似乎成了日常的事。
It is more a made up story than a real occurrence.
那(更像)是杜撰的故事，而不是真实的事情。
[说明] (1)表示“发生”的动词(词组)occur, happen, take place, break out等都是不及物动词(词组)，都不能用于被动语态。
(2)以下动词的过去式、过去分词及现在分词都要双写r：
occur—occurred—occurred—occurring，prefer—preferred—preferred—preferring，refer—referred—referred—referring，infer—inferred—inferred—inferring
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① His name did not occur ________ my memory.
② The explosion ________ (occur) during an exercise near the town.
③It never occurred ________ me that I had seen her before somewhere.
④But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the ________ (occur) of anger.
⑤________occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
⑥It seldom occurred to them ________ (wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.
完成句子
⑦____________________ (我想到了一个好主意) that we could advertise our agriculture products on the Internet.
＝____________________ that we could advertise our agriculture products on the Internet.
4)proposal n．建议，提议 propose vt.提议；打算；计划)
(教材原句)The local government agreed with her proposal to plant one million trees in the region over ten years.当地政府同意了她在十年的时间里在该地区种植一百万棵树的建议。
make a proposal 提建议
put forward a proposal 提出建议
come up with a proposal 提出建议
approve/accept a proposal 批准/接受提议
support/reject a proposal 支持/否决提议
propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事
propose doing sth. 打算做某事
propose to do sth. 打算做某事
Various proposals were put forward by the employees for increasing sales.员工们提出了各种提高销售额的建议。
The manager made a proposal for uniting the two companies.
经理提出了将两家公司联合起来的建议。
It was proposed to build a dam on the upper reach of the river.有人建议在河流的上游修建一座水坝。
[说明] proposal意为“建议”，后跟同位语从句或表语从句，或propose后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
My proposal is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups.
我的建议是我们(应该)派几个同志去帮其他小组。
The teachers proposed that they (should) all go to the Museum of Natural History.
教师们建议他们(应该)都去参观自然历史博物馆。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They proposed ________ (make) arrangements beforehand.
②The teacher may require a second ________ (propose) if the first is off topic or unclear.
③In his speech he proposed that the UN ________ (set) up an emergency centre for the environment.
④They proposed ________ (form) a group to investigate the case.
⑤The proposal that we ________ (send) another satellite into space is to be discussed at the meeting.
⑥Tom proposed ________ (delay) our decision until the next meeting.
完成句子
⑦They ________________________ (提出建议) for a joint research project.
⑧____________________ (提案得到批准) by the committee.
5)slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 v．减肥；缩减)
stay/keep slim 保持苗条
slim down 消瘦；精简(机构)；裁减(人员)
There's a slim chance that...
有很小的机会……
There's still a slim chance that he may become president.
他成为总统的可能性仍然很小。
If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
如果他能吃得多还能保持苗条身材，为什么我不能？
Many firms have had little choice but to slim down.
许多公司除了裁员已经没有多少选择了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The industry may have to slim ________ even further.
完成句子
②______________________ (为了保持苗条), she only eats one meal a day.
③She has only ____________________________ (很渺茫的希望) of passing the exam.
6)survival n．继续生存，幸存)
the struggle/battle/fight for survival
为生存而拼搏/战斗/斗争
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
survival skills 生存技能
survive on 靠……活下来；靠……生存
survive sb. by 3 years 比某人多活三年
Now the trees have a survival rate of 85%.
现在这些树有85%的存活率。
The operation was his only hope of survival.
那次手术是他生存的唯一希望。
We support their struggle for survival.
我们支持他们为生存而进行的斗争。
She was the only one to survive the car crash.
她是那次汽车撞车事故的唯一幸存者。
The old lady has survived all her children.
那位老妇人的子女都先她而去了。
There was only one survivor from the plane crash.
那次飞机失事中只有一个幸存者。
[拓展] survive vt.幸免于难；艰难度过；比……活得长 vi.存活；继续存在
survivor n．幸存者，生还者
[说明] v.＋ al→n.
survive v．→survival n．生存
arrive v．→arrival n．到达
refuse v．→refusal n．拒绝
approve v．→approval n．支持
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This soldier was the sole ________ (survive) of the battle.
②If cancers are spotted early，there's a high chance of ________ (survive).
③Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ (survive).
④Whales are the largest animals ever ________ (survive) on earth.
⑤After he ________ (survive) the earthquake, the old man became one of the few ________ (survive) of the family and his ________ (survive) made his old friends very happy.
⑥Receiving the ________ (approve) from the parliament, the president decided to carry out the economic reform.
7)rate n．比率，率；速度，进度 v．认为；估价；定等级)
the birth/death rate 出生/死亡率
at this rate 照此情形；如此下去
at any rate 无论如何，不管怎样；
至少；反正；总而言之
at a steady rate 以平稳的速度
at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度
a high/low/rising rate of... 高/低/不断增长的……率
at an average rate of 以……的平均速度
rate...as... 认为……是……
At this rate we won't be able to afford a holiday.
照这样下去，我们就没有钱去度假了。
He will get some valuable experience, at any rate.
无论如何他会得到些宝贵的经验。
We rate him as one of the best.
我们认为他是最优秀者之一。
The novel was rated as a brilliant performance.
这部小说被认为是一部出色的作品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most people walk ________ an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.
②He ________ (rate) as one of the richest men in Texas.
③I would rate this wine ________ the finest I have ever tasted.
④New diet books appear ________ a rate of nearly one a week.
完成句子
⑤In the north of India, the population is booming ______________________ (由于出生率高).
⑥The disease has spread ________________________ (以惊人的速度).
8)overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)；战胜)
(教材原句)I have complete respect for her and admire her strength in overcoming such a great personal loss.
我完全尊重她，也敬佩她有克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量。
overcome bad habits 改掉恶习
overcome difficulties/fear/obstacles/disadvantages
克服困难/恐惧/障碍/不利条件
be overcome by 被……克服/控制/战胜
be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief
因情感/兴奋/恐惧/悲伤而不能自持
You cannot overcome them without enough motivation.
如果没有足够的动力，你就无法克服它们。
There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot overcome.世界上没有他们克服不了的困难。
The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.
天亮时，火势被完全控制住了。
I realised that there is no way I can overcome it.
我意识到自己没有办法战胜它。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Overcome ________ emotion, he pressed her hand and left her.
②Once this difficulty ________ (overcome), other problems will be easy to solve.
③Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges ________ (overcome).
④Sue was overcome ________ surprise when Peter walked in.
完成句子
⑤Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student ______________________ (不可能克服她的困难).
9)determination n．决心；毅力；决定)
(教材原句)She has made a huge difference with her determination to make her son's dreams a reality.
她已经下定决心做出巨大的改变以使她儿子的梦想成为现实。
the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心
with determination 坚决地
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
determine on/upon 决定
determine sth./that/wh ... 决定/确定……
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
be determined that... 决定/确定……
The police chief spoke of his determination to catch the killers.警长谈到他要抓住凶手的决心。
The determination of a name for the club took a very long time.决定俱乐部的名称花了很长的时间。
[拓展] determine v．决定；确定；测定→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；确定的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He now has the ________ (determine) to push further and keep on going.
②We are determined ________ (defend) our motherland at all costs.
③Her encouragement determined me ________ (carry) on with the work.
④He was determined ________ no one knew anything about it.
⑤The boundaries ________ (determine) by the mountains and rivers.
完成句子
⑥We __________________ (下定决心) this should never be allowed to happen again.
10)former adj.以前的，从前的；前者的 n．前者)
(教材原句)Can you say something about the former and the current conditions in the desert
你能说一说有关沙漠以前和现在的情况吗？
I paid a visit to my former English teacher.
我拜访了我以前的英语老师。
Of these two men, the former is dead but the latter is still alive.这两个人中，前者已经死了，而后者仍然活着。
[归纳拓展] latter adj.以后的；较晚时候的 n．后者
固定表达：the former...the latter...(两者中的)前者……后者……
Tears and sweat are similar, but the former is only in exchange for the sympathy, while the latter can win success for you.泪水和汗水很相似，但前者只能换来同情，而后者能为你赢得成功。
[说明] (1)the former/the latter作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它指代的事物。
(2)former作形容词时只作定语；former作名词时常与定冠词the连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The city has a concert hall and two theatres. The former ________ (be) built in the 1950s.
②The family rented a ________ (form) church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
完成句子
③Many of ____________________ (他以前的支持者) voted against him.
④I have two good friends, Mary and Lily. ________ (前者) is good at dancing; ________ (后者) can speak Danish fluently.
11)ordinary adj.普通的；平常的；平淡的 ordinarily adv.通常；一般地)
(教材原句)Yi has shown that so called “ordinary people” can do amazing things.
易(解放)已经证明了所谓的“普通人”也能做出惊人的事情。
ordinary people/clothes 普通人/衣服
in the ordinary way 一般，通常
out of the ordinary 不寻常，出乎意料
An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.
一场普通的感冒很快便会引起发烧。
He can make ordinary things sound interesting.
他能把平常的事说得很有趣。
This room was ordinarily used by the doctor.
这个房间通常是医生用的。
Temperature ordinarily decreases with the increase of the altitude.温度一般随海拔增加而降低。
[比较] ordinary/common/usual/normal
·ordinary指普通，无奇特之处；
·common指常见，不足为奇；common sense常识；
common practice惯例；
·usual指惯常：as usual照例；照常；像往常一样
·normal指正常：lead a normal life过正常的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm looking for something a little more out of ________ ordinary.
选词填空：ordinary/common/usual/normal
②Jackson is a ________ English name.
③Although he is getting along in years, he can work hard as ________．
④The novelist's latest book is quite ________．
⑤It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to ________．
完成句子
⑥The boy's knowledge was ____________________________ (非比寻常).
⑦One evening, I got off the bus halfway home where I had to change buses, and ______________________ (和往常一样) I ran into something.
第二版块|重要短语
1)make one's dream come true (使)某人梦想成真)
(教材原句)So Yi Jiefang decided to make her son's dream come true, and NPO Greenlife was born.于是，易解放决定使儿子梦想成真，非营利组织“绿色生命”应运而生。
dream of/about 梦想；梦到
a dream of... ……的梦想
realise/fulfil a dream 圆梦；实现梦想
beyond one's dreams 做梦也想不到
(go/work) like a dream 好极了；非常顺利；非常有效
be a dream 很完美；非常理想
have a dream 做梦
This story tells of two sporting heroes who made their dream come true.
这个故事讲述了两位体育英雄实现自己梦想的故事。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他的梦想已经实现了。
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
⑤________________________________________________________________________
完成句子
⑥The result of the competition is __________________ (我们做梦也想不到).
⑦Instead of feeling bitter about the unfair world, he tried his best to ________________________ (实现他的梦想).
2)prevent sb. from doing sth.(from可以省略，后面接doing或being done作宾语)阻止某人做某事)
(教材原句)Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.虽然这些树存活的可能性似乎很微小，但困难并没有阻止她尝试一下。
If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.如果你喜欢，在香蕉上挤一点新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成褐色。
[归纳拓展] (1)“保护某人不受……(伤害)”的表达法：
protect sb. from/against sth.
defend sb. from sth.
(2)“阻止某人做某事”的表达法：
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
(keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep...doing sth.使……一直做某事。在被动语态中，keep/stop/prevent...from doing结构中的from都不能省略。)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The heavy rain prevented the early bus from ________ (arrive) on time.
②Some government departments must take effective measures to prevent our environment from ________ (pollute) further.
③Hearing the words, he couldn't keep himself ________ laughing.
④We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from ________ (hunt).
⑤The processes take place to stop our brains ________ (become) loaded with memories.
3)work through调整(情绪)；(使)逐渐通过，穿过；完成；解决)
(教材原句)How did Ms Yi Jiefang work through her sadness after her son's death？易解放女士在儿子去世后是如何从悲伤的情绪中调整过来的？
work through your grief 调整悲伤的情绪
work through problems 解决难题
Life is full of concerns, but you should work through them.生活充满了忧虑，但你应该努力排解这些忧虑。
Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
相反，这是一种健康的方式，来利用这段经历为积极的成长和宽恕留出空间。
[归纳拓展] “动词＋through”结构的短语：
go through 检查；浏览；通过，穿过；经历，遭受
get through 通过；到达；完成；用完；接通电话
live through 度过；经受住
look through 看穿；审核；浏览
read through 读完；通读
The hardy plant lived through the cold winter.
耐寒的植物经受住了严冬的考验。
Peter starts looking through the email as soon as the door shuts.
门一关上，彼得就开始查看电子邮件。
[即学即练] 写出句中work through的含义
①But talking about a problem probably helps her work through it.____________
②We must work through the difficulties until we find an answer.____________
③To work through these emotions, you first write all of your emotions down.____________
选词填空：work/go/read/look
④________ through the peephole to see who it is before you open the door.
⑤She ________ through pages and pages of the book I had brought for her.
⑥When Arafat came to see me I tried to ________ through the next steps with him.
⑦He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to ________ through.
4)stand for表示，代表；主张，支持，拥护；容忍，忍受)
stand against 反对
stand by 袖手旁观；支持(某人)；信守(诺言)；遵守(协议)
stand up for 支持；维护
stand out 显眼；出色
What does WTO stand for
WTO表示什么？
We stand for religious freedom.我们主张宗教信仰自由。
I can't stand for your rudeness.我忍受不了你的粗鲁。
[提示] stand for作“容忍”讲时，常和否定词连用，表示“不能容忍”。for可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that “gym” stands ________ “gymnasium”．
②Don't lose heart; all your friends will stand ________ you.
③I think the people in this country will stand up ________ what is right.
④She's the sort of person who stands ________ in a crowd.
完成句子
⑤中国结代表着友谊、爱和好运。
Chinese knots ____________________ friendship, love and good luck.
第三版块|典型句式
there seems/is a chance that...(似乎)有机会……)
(教材原句)Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.尽管这些树存活的机会似乎很渺茫，但困难并没有阻止她去尝试。
[句式分析]
(that引导同位语从句，对a chance进行解释说明)
The chance is that he has paid off his debt.
＝Chances are that he has paid off his debt.
＝There is a chance that he has paid off his debt.
他可能已经偿清债务了。
[相关短语]
by chance (＝by accident) 偶然地，意外地
give sb. a chance 给某人一次机会
a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会
a chance of doing sth. 做某事的可能性
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a good chance ________ we will win the game tomorrow.
②Chances are ________ Jim didn't realise he was disturbing you, so he probably didn't notice your annoyance.
③I never got the chance ________ (thank) him for his help.
④She has only a slim chance ________ passing the exam.
⑤It also gives people a chance ________ (see) what the new home looks like.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He ________ (克服) his difficulties to graduate with a first class degree.
2．Up to five million people a year visit the ________ (县).
3．Of the two suggestions, they prefer the ________ (前者).
4．There are several reasons for the ________ (当前的) political situation with a hard atmosphere.
5．His father is an ________ (普通的) worker, who works hard.
6．Most of the population in this area are currently employed in ________ (农业) and fishing.
7．The disease has spread at an alarming ________ (比率).
8．Wages of officials varied in different ________ (地区), according to a professional survey.
9．Most ballet dancers are extremely ________ (苗条的) and artistic.
10．I gave the letter to the local press and they ________ (引用) a few lines from it.
11．As is mentioned in the documentary, Li Dazhao was one of the original ________ (创始者) of the Communist Party of China.
12．All the ________ (利润) from the sales of the CD will go to the classical concert.
13．I have seen the ________ (海报) for the jazz festival in Monterey.
14．The grave was marked by a simple ________ (墓碑).
15．Police said the accident caused by burning rubbish________ (发生) at about 4：30 pm.
Ⅱ.短语填空
prevent...from..., make sb.'s dream come true, stand for, bring...to an end, work through, join in
1．The letters ERM ____________ Exchange Rate Mechanism all around the world.
2．The owner taking charge of the firm ____________ by law ____________ making any major changes.
3．The General Secretary of the UN is wondering how he can ______________ the global dispute (纷争) ____________．
4．She ____________ of becoming an actress __________ and performed a lot in front of viewers.
5．It's a complex situation but we'll ____________ it.
6．She invited us to ____________ a discussion about global warming.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．You will surely need ________ (overcome) some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned.
2．As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong ________ (determine).
3．These developments are likely to make our ________ (currency) problems with robocalls much worse.
4．Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, ________ (determine) to test my own theory on this.
5．It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they're ________ (profit).
6．We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago.
7．Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early ________ (agriculture) societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
8．Submit a topic ________ (propose) to your history teacher.
9．The individual ________ (survive) rate of patients with this form of cancer is low.
10．Seeing the clown covered a mask on his face, the baby gurgled (发出咯咯声) with a ________ (content) smile.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我不知如何才能让他们停止争论。(bring...to an end)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．他的努力使他横渡太平洋的梦想得以实现。(make sb.'s dream come true)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．总有可能会出现问题。(there seems/is a chance that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．要是我当初努力学习的话，我就能有机会通过考试了。(there seems/is a chance that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．约翰背部受了伤，这可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。(prevent...from doing...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section C Lesson 2 Greening the Desert
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．profit 2.union 3.rate 4.county 5.overcome 6.former
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．poster 2.founder 3.organiser 4.contented
5．agricultural 6.proposal 7.survival 8.determination
9．currently 10.ordinarily 11.occurrence; reoccur; reoccurrence
12．quotation
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．学生会 2.把沙漠/旱地变为森林 3.帮助阻止干旱
4．(使)某人梦想成真 5.生存率/存活率
1．with one's determination
2．work through
3．the former and the current conditions
4．so called “ordinary people”
5．have a chance to do sth.
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①a ②from ③at ④profitable ⑤a huge drop in profits
⑥make a profit
2．①with ②contented ③contents ④to leave
⑤contented ⑥content ⑦content yourself with
3．①to ②occurred ③to ④occurrence ⑤It ⑥to wander
⑦A good idea occurred to me; It occurred to me
4．①making/to make ②proposal ③(should) set
④forming/to form ⑤(should) send ⑥delaying
⑦put forward a proposal ⑧The proposal was approved
5．①down ②In order to keep/stay slim ③a slim chance
6．①survivor ②survival ③survived ④survived
⑤survived; survivors; survival ⑥approval
7．①at ②was rated ③as ④at
⑤due to high birth rates
⑥at an alarming rate
8．①with ②is overcome ③to overcome ④by
⑤could not overcome her difficulty
9．①determination ②to defend ③to carry
④that ⑤are determined
⑥were determined that/determined that
10．①was ②former ③his former supporters
④The former; the latter
11．①the ②common ③usual ④ordinary ⑤normal
⑥out of the ordinary ⑦as usual
第二版块|重要短语
1．①His dream has come true. ②His dream has become a reality.
③His dream has been realised. ④He has realised his dream.
⑤He has made his dream a reality. ⑥beyond our dreams
⑦realise/fulfil his dream
2．①arriving ②being polluted ③from ④being hunted
⑤becoming
3．①完成 ②解决 ③调整(情绪) ④Look ⑤read
⑥work ⑦go
4．①for ②by ③for ④out ⑤stand for
第三版块|典型句式
①that ②that ③to thank ④of ⑤to see
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．overcame 2.county 3.former 4.current 5.ordinary 6.agriculture 7.rate 8.regions 9.slim 10.quoted
11．founders 12.profits 13.poster 14.headstone 15.occurred
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．stand for 2.is prevented; from 3.bring; to an end
4．made her dream; come true 5.work through 6.join in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．to overcome 2.determination 3.current 4.determined 5.profitable 6.occurred 7.agricultural 8.proposal
9．survival 10.contented
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．I don't know how I can bring their dispute to an end.
2．His efforts made his dream of sailing across the Pacific Ocean come true.
3．There seems/is always a chance that something will go wrong.
4．There seemed/was a chance that I could pass the exam if I had worked hard.
5．John has a back injury that may prevent him from playing in tomorrow's game.
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