Section B Lesson 1 Active Learning
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vt. & n. 企图；试图
2．____________ n. 火车 vt. 训练
3．____________ n. 观点；看法
4．____________ n. 恐龙
5．____________ n. 资料；数据
6．____________ n. 段落
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→ ________ n．沉思；想法；反射
2．argue vi.争论，争吵 → ________ n．争论；争吵；论点
3．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→ ________ n．假设
4．automatic adj.自动的；无意识的→________ adv.自动地；无意识地
5．promote vt.促进，增进→________ n．提升；提拔；促销活动
6．likely adj.可能的→________ adj.不大可能的
7．exist vi.存在；实际上有→________ n．存在
8．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→________ adj.无知的；愚昧的→________ n．无知；愚昧
9．impress v．给……留下深刻的好印象→________ n．印象；感想
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A写出下列短语的汉意
1．take notes ________________
2．focus on ________________
3．reflect on ________________
4．pay attention to(＋n./pron./v. ing) ________________
5．a different point of view ________________
6．train sb. to be ________________
7．suggest doing sth. ________________
8．take an active role in ________________
9．get in the way of ________________
10．keep doing sth. ________________
11．agree with sb. ________________
12．after all ________________
13．if not ________________
14．at least(＝at the least) ________________
15．a/the way to do sth. ________________
16．at the heart of... ________________
17．be based on... ________________
18．miss out on ________________
写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 独自地，单独
2．________________ 听取外部声音
3．________________ 专注于信息
4．________________ 与内心声音争论
5．________________ 需要做某事
6．________________ 冒险做某事
7．________________ 在背景中
8．________________ 这样；用这种方法
9．________________ 做决定
10．________________ 最后；最终
11．________________ 引导某人……
12．________________ 弄懂某事物；计算出
13．________________ 总而言之；简单地说
14．________________ 停止做某事
15．________________ 尝试
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．According to the author, what kind of behaviour is “active learning”？
A．Taking part in many activities.
B．Reflecting on what we have learnt.
C．Taking an active role in class.
D．Training ourselves to be better learners.
2．What will happen if we pay too much attention to our inner voice
A．We may focus on what the speaker is saying.
B．We may make better decisions.
C．We may change our way of learning.
D．We may miss important information.
3．In the author's view, what is the easiest way to promote active learning
A．Listening to the outer voice.
B．Arguing with your inner voice.
C．Asking questions.
D．Getting to the truth.
4．Which of the following statements is not the practice of an active learner
A．Accept everything they learn.
B．Find the truth at the heart of each idea.
C．Work out questions about certain information.
D．Argue with inner voice.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A good learner will always 1.________(active) take part in the learning process and reflect 2.________ what he has learnt. To take 3.________ active role in our learning, we'd better do the following things well.
Listen to the outer voice. Although your inner voice can be 4.________ (use), it can also get in the way of learning. Active learners focus on 5.________ the speaker/writer is saying. In this way, they are in a 6.________ (good) position to make decisions. Argue with your inner voice. If you find your inner voice difficult 7.________ (control), you can argue with it. Asking questions 8.________ (be) the easiest way to promote active learning. Get to the truth. Active learners don't accept everything they learn. They attempt to find the 9.________ (true) at the heart of each idea. Focus on the message. Active learners don't judge people 10.________ (base) on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.
[词汇注释]
①assume/ 'sju m/vt.
认为；假定，假设
※assumption n．假设
②automatic/ t 'm t k/
adj.自动的；无意识的
※automatically adv.
自动地；无意识地
③need to do sth.
需要做某事
④train sb. to be
训练某人成为……
⑤suggest doing sth.
建议做某事
⑥take an active role in
在……中起积极的作用；积极参与……
⑦get in the way of
妨碍，阻碍
⑧keep doing sth.
持续做某事
⑨risk doing sth.
冒险做某事
⑩open minded adj.愿意考虑不同意见的；思想开明的
in the background 在背景中
in this way这样；用这种方法
make decisions做决定
flexible/'fleks b l/adj.
灵活的，可变通的
end up doing 最后；最终
※end up with 以……而告终
agree with sb.同意某人(的看法)
after all毕竟；终究
if not 如果不；不然的话
at least至少
※at(the)most 至多
a/the way to do sth.
做某事的方法
promote/pr 'm t/vt.
促进，增进
※promotion n．提升；提拔；促销活动
lead sb. to sth.引导某人……
work out弄懂某事物；计算出
in short总而言之；简单地说
stop doing sth.停止做某事
※stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
attempt to尝试
※attempt to do sth.
尝试做某事
at the heart of...
在……的中心
unlikely/ n'la kli/adj.不大可能的
※be unlikely to do sth.不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that...……不大可能……
aspect n．方面
be based on...以……为根据
dinosaur/'da n s /n.恐龙
exist/ ɡ'z st/vi.存在；实际上有
※exist in 存在于……中
exist on(＝live on)
靠……生存
data/'de t /n.资料；数据
miss out on错过(机会)；错失
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
ignore/ ɡ'n /vt.忽视；置之不理
※ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
ignorance n．无知；愚昧
because of因为
cannot help doing sth.
情不自禁做某事
※can't help (to) do sth.
不能帮助做某事
can't help but do sth.
不得不做某事
judge vt.评价，评判
impression/ m'pre n/
n．印象；感想
※the first impression
第一印象
leave an impression on sb.
给某人留下印象
separate...from...
把……与……分开
as well也，又
[教材原文]
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume① that the human brain is set on “automatic②”— that means it learns all by itself. But this isn't always true. We need to③ train ourselves to be④ better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing⑤ five things to take an active role in⑥ your learning.
1 Listen to the outer voice
There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.【1】 Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of⑦ learning. If you keep paying⑧ too much attention to it，you risk missing⑨ important information. Instead, active learners are open minded⑩ and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background . In this way ， they are in a better position to make decisions .
【1】while conj.而，然而，表示对比，what引导的从句作介词from的宾语。
2 Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.【2】 When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all . If not ， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
【2】If引导条件状语从句，find＋宾语＋宾语补足语，as引导方式状语从句。
3 Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.【3】 When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In short : Do not stop being curious.
4 Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.【4】 They attempt to find the truth at the heart of
each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely , there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this. Where does the idea come from Do they have enough data to support their views If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.【5】
【3】※动名词短语作主语：单个的动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【4】※they learn是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰不定代词everything。
【5】If引导条件状语从句，no matter how引导让步状语从句，相当于however crazy it seems。
5 Focus on the message
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is. It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message fromB41 the messenger. This goes the other way as well —do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
[汉语译文]
主动学习
凯文·道姆
很多人认为(assume)人类的大脑是“自动运行的(automatic)”，这是说大脑能自动学习。但并不总是如此。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思(reflect)学到的东西。这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做以下五件事。
1．倾听外部的声音
有两种声音：内心的(inner)声音和外部的(outer)声音。内心的声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要信息。相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或者作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决策。
2．和内心的声音争论
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论(argue)。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话人或作者是错误的时候，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。灵活(flexible)处理你的意见，你最终(end up doing)，可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。
3．提出问题
提出问题是促进(promote)主动学习最简单的方法。当你从某个人那里、书籍或互联网上获得信息时，提出有关该主题的两个、三个，甚至五个问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，探究(work out)问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。简而言之(in short)：一定要始终保持好奇心。
4．弄清真相
主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力(attempt to)从每个观点最核心的(at the heart of)地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能(unlikely)，其中也可能有某个方面是基于( be based on)事实的。因此，如果有人说
现在还存在(exist)恐龙(dinosaur)，那就想一下他们为什么会相信这种观点。这个想法来自哪里？他们是否有足够的数据(data)来支持自己的观点？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。
5．专注于信息
许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会。他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视(ignore)他们所说的内容。确实，我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象(impression)或个人感受来判断人。相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
第一版块|核心单词
1)reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映；反射)
be reflected in 映在……中
reflect on/upon 思考；反思
reflect that... 思考/琢磨……
reflect...back 把……如实地反映出来
reflect from... 从……反射出来
reflect on oneself 自我反省
The light reflected from the water into my eyes.
光线从水面反射进我的双眼。
The mountains are reflected in the water.
群山倒映在水中。
I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.
我会反思这一天是怎么过的，然后想想这一周剩下的时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ (reflect) of his family environment.
②We should reflect ________ the likely reactions of the market before we act.
③Sean's strong love for his country ________ (reflect) in his recently published poems.
④A row of ________ (reflect) boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.
完成句子
⑤Does this letter ______________ (表达你的真实意见)？
2)argue v．争论，争吵；争辩)
(教材原句)Argue with your inner voice与内心声音争论
argue for 论证；为……辩护
argue against 反对；争辩
argue with sb. about/over sth. 因某事而与某人争辩
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
Many experts had argued for the Three Gorges Project for several years before its start.三峡工程上马以前，许多专家争论了好几年。
Father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
父亲反对增加我们的零花钱。
Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch？你曾为看哪个电视节目和家人争论过吗？
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们彼此争论关于度假的最好的地方。
You want to argue me into agreeing to your proposal
你想说服我同意你的建议吗？
[拓展]
argument n．辩论；论点；论据；争论；理由
an argument for/against sth. 支持/反对某事的论点
have an argument with sb. about/over sth.与某人就某事争吵
This point is vital to my argument．
这一点对我的论据极为重要。
I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument．
我认为任何抽象的东西都有太多的争论空间。
You shouldn't have an argument with your deskmate about the question.你不应该和同桌就这个问题争吵。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They tried to argue him ________ joining them.
②She thought it best to humour him rather than get into ________ argument.
③Her ________ (argue) was that it would be cheaper to buy a new radio than to get the old one repaired.
④As we've seen, the experts argue ________ which diet is best.
⑤A chimpanzee (黑猩猩)can't win an argument ________ a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
⑥The employees felt the policy about their promotion was unfair and argued ________ it.
完成句子
⑦You shouldn't __________________ (和……争论) your parents about the bike.
⑧Gun control is a subject about which Americans ____________ (争论已久的).
3)assume vt.认为；假定，假设 assumption n．假定；设想 assuming conj.假定，假设……为真)
(教材原句)Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”，这是说大脑能自动学习。
assume sb./sth. to be 认为某人/某物是……
assume(that)... 认为……
make an assumption 作出假设
on the assumption that... 假定……
assuming(that)... 假定……
It is generally/usually assumed that... 普遍/通常认为……
We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。
I assumed that he had received my telegram.
我想他已经收到了我的电报。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
Many people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困只存在于第三世界。
His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。
Assuming that it is true，what should we do now
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？
[拓展]
assuming that...(假定……)，常作独立成分。英语中常见的独立成分还有：supposing/providing...假如/如果……；
considering...考虑到……；judging from...根据……判断；
given...考虑到……；在有……的情况下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The theory is based on a series of wrong ________ (assume).
②I assume him ________ (be) the cleverest boy in this class.
③________ is assumed that this is the best possible translation.
④We are working ________ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
⑤________ (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do
⑥________ (judge) from her accent, she must be from Shandong.
⑦________ (give) that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
完成句子
⑧______________(我们认为)women are normally more sensitive than men.
⑨____________________ (人们认为)a student's daily life is as important as his learning experience.
4)promote vt.促进，增进；提升；推销；晋级 promotion n．提升，晋升；促进；推广；促销活动)
(教材原句)Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。
get promoted 得到晋升
promote sb. to sth. 把某人提升到某个职位上
promote sb. (to be)sth. 提升某人为……
promote safe development 推动安全发展
promote peace 促进和平
promote prosperity 促进繁荣
promote economic growth 促进经济增长
promote new books 促销新书
the promotion of... ……的推广/促销
get promotion from... to... 得到从……到……晋升
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
我们所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。
I'm happy to inform you that you have been promoted to captain.我很高兴地告诉你，你已被提升为上尉。
They promoted him (to be) captain.他们提升他为上尉。
He was in town to promote his new book.
他在镇上推销自己的新书。
Our teacher has been promoted to be headmaster.
我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
[拓展]
recommend sb. for promotion推荐提升某人
offer sb. promotion提出晋升某人
deny sb. promotion拒绝提升某人
have no chance of promotion in one's job
工作上没有晋升机会
We are doing a special promotion of our books.我们正在对我们的图书进行特别促销活动。
There are good chances of promotion in this firm.这家公司里晋升的机会很多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our teacher ________ (promote) to be headmaster last year.
②Her job is mainly concerned with sales and ________ (promote).
③As she had always been working hard, Miss Smith got ________ (promote) soon.
④Fortunately, Helen has been promoted ________ general manager.
完成句子
⑤While waiting for the opportunity ______________ (获得晋升)，Tom did his best to perform his duty.
⑥They worked for ________________ (促进世界和平).
5)attempt n. & vt.努力，尝试，企图)
(教材原句)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
(1)make an/no attempt to do/at doing 尝试/不尝试做……
in an attempt to do 为了做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
fail/succeed in one's attempt 尝试失败/成功
give up/abandon an attempt 放弃尝试
(2)attempt an attack 试图进攻
attempt a task 尝试一项任务
attempt to do sth.＝try do do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
attempt doing... 企图做某事
He made a weak attempt to look cheerful.
他勉强装出高兴的样子。
The enemy failed in their attempt to land on the island.
敌人在岛上登陆的企图失败了。
Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. 第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不很多。
He is attempting a difficult task.他正在尝试一项困难的任务。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.
我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题的。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He studied hard ________ an attempt to pass the exam.
②She passed her driving test ________ the first attempt.
③When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted ________ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾祸) that had happened to their lives.
④She made several attempts ________ (escape).
⑤This effort is not just an attempt ________ being community minded—it's also a crime cutting measure.
6)exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存，生活)
(教材原句)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.因此，如果有人说现在还存在恐龙，那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
exist by 靠……生活
exist in 存在于……中
exist on(＝live on) 靠……生存
There exist(s)... 有……/存在着……
[说明] 这是there be 句型的变式，其中exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
Most scientists believe that water doesn't exist on the surface of the moon.多数科学家认为，月球表面不存在水。
Some people existed on melons or coconuts for weeks at one time.有些人一度数周靠各种瓜与椰子生存。
There exist some misunderstandings between your teacher and you.你和你的老师之间有些误会。
[词语积累]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The old lady exists only ________ rice, coffee and bread.
②No one can tell for sure when the world came into ________ (exist).
③Many materials can exist ________ a variety of solid forms.
④I'm afraid that she will not be able to exist ________ selling houses.
⑤The pollution of university chemical laboratories is a generally ________ (exist) phenomenon.
完成句子
⑥________________ (存在着) a close relationship between families and their milkmen.
⑦How did the universe ______________________ (形成)first？
7)ignore vt.忽视；置之不理 ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的 ignorance n．无知；愚昧)
(教材原句)They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。
ignore the question 忽视这一问题
ignore one's advice/warning 不理会某人的建议/警告
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
ignore personal danger 不顾个人安危
ignore the fact that... 忽略……的事实
completely ignore 全然不顾
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
be in ignorance of sth. 不知道某事；(对于……的)无知
out of ignorance 出于无知
due to ignorance 因为无知
keep sb. in ignorance 把某人蒙在鼓里
I agree in principle，but we can't ignore the differences.
我原则上同意，但我们不能忽视这些差异。
I could no longer ignore the fact that he was deeply unhappy.我不能再对他深感不快这个事实不闻不问了。
They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.他们全然不顾这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。
He's so ignorant that he cannot write his own name.
他很无知，连自己的名字都写不出来。
They seem to be ignorant of what happened here.
他们似乎不知道这里发生的事。
[语境助记]
Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress.贫穷和愚昧是进步的敌人。
He was kept in ignorance of his true identity.
他一直被蒙在鼓里不知道自己的真实身份。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Poverty, disease and ________ (ignore) remain major world problems.
②She was ________ (ignore) of what the postman had delivered that morning.
③Firms may be ignorant ________ the markets they are entering.
完成句子
④We ________________ (不能忽略……的事实)many people will choose to live in the big cities.
⑤__________________ (无视差异) between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
8)impression n．印象；感想 impress vt.使钦佩；使留下深刻印象；使……了解(某事的重要性)；强调impressive adj.令人赞叹的)
(教材原句)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
give an impression(of) 给人(……)印象
get a good/bad impression of... 对……的印象好/不好
make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
be under the impression that... 以为……
impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人了解某事的重要性
be impressed with/by 对……印象深刻
Her gentleness has given me a deep impression.
她的亲切给我留下了很深的印象。
As a general rule，keeping smiling can leave a good impression on the interviewers.
一般来说，保持微笑能给面试官留下好的印象。
We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.
我们和她一见如故，并且被她知识的渊博折服。
My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
我父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义。
[语境助记]
The film's special effects are particularly impressive．
那部电影的特技效果尤其令人赞叹。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The film was very amusing and left a deep impression ________ me.
②A few characters are used to create a single ________ (impress) growing out of the theme.
③The professor impressed us ________ his knowledge.
④We were impressed ________ a wide variety of plants in the garden.
一句两译
她流利的英语口语给我们留下深刻印象。⑤___________________________________
⑥________________________________________________________________________
第二版块|重要短语
1)get in the way of 挡……的路；妨碍，阻碍)
(教材原句)Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of learning.虽然你内心的声音或许有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。
on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
get out of one's way 让开
on the/one's way to 在去……的路上
be/get in the/one's way 挡路，妨碍
in no way 绝不
in a/one way 在某种程度上
make one's way 行进
make way for 给……让路
give way to 被……取代
go a long way towards doing sth. 对于做某事很有帮助
Will you be able to make your own way to the airport
你能自己去机场吗？
Her social life gets in the way of her study.
她的社交生活妨碍了学业。
[语境助记]
Although technology might make day to day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.
虽然科技可能使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日子里，额外的努力会大有帮助。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He wouldn't allow emotions to get in ________ way of his job.
②On the way ________ the shop, he found $100.
完成句子
③__________________ (绝不) can we allow this to continue.
2)work out 弄懂某事物；计算出；解决；锻炼)
(教材原句)The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，探究问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。
I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出这道题。
With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.在如此忙碌的生活中，很难找到时间去锻炼。
[归纳拓展] “v.＋out”短语：
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然开始；爆发
carry out执行 die out灭绝；消失
figure out计算；弄清楚 sell out卖光
It would be difficult to figure out the losses at this time.
在这种时候很难计算损失。
She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions.
她需要一个清醒的头脑来执行命令。
Elephants would die out if men were to shoot as they wished.如果人们按自己的意愿去射杀，大象就会灭绝。
[即学即练] 选词填空：work/break/carry/figure
①Something unexpected always ________ out in this area.
②Have you ________ out what's wrong with your car
③Make sure the firm is competent to ________ out the work.
④A fire ________ out in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole building was in flames.
⑤If you ________ out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
完成句子
⑥We have some problems ______________________ (要解决).
3)in short 总而言之；简单地说)
(教材原句)In short：Do not stop being curious.
简而言之：一定要始终保持好奇心。
In short，being a good leader needs courage and practice.
总之，成为一个好的领导者需要勇气和实践。
That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short, he's reliable.
那个年轻人诚实、好合作，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在你身边。简而言之，他是可靠的。
[归纳拓展] for short简称，缩写
be short of (＝lack)缺乏；缺少(强调状态)
West Lake Longjing Tea is called Longjing for short.
西湖龙井茶简称龙井。
If I was short of money, he would lend me some.
如果我缺钱，他会借给我一些。
[学法点拨] 表示“总而言之”的短语：
in a word, in one word, in conclusion, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, to be brief, in brief
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ short, the new assistant left a good impression on us.
②The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED ________ short.
③This country is short ________ natural resources but rich in human resources.
完成句子
④__________________ (总之)，I will do my best to help make the sports meeting a success.
⑤He ______________________________(缺少) funds now.
4)miss out on错过(机会)；错失)
miss out 略去；遗漏；错过机会
miss the boat 错失良机
miss stays (海)(帆船)抢风失败
miss the mark 未打中目标；未达到目的；未达到预想的结果；不正确，出错
miss the thread of 失去(讲话、讲故事的)线索；忘了头绪
He missed out on chance to go to college because of his illness.他因生病，失去了上大学的机会。
Living in the country, I often feel that I am missing out on the activities of city life.
我住在乡下，常常感到没有机会参加城市生活的活动。
Don't miss out your brother when you send round the invitations.发请帖时不要把你弟弟给漏了。
I will not miss the boat when there is another opportunity next time.如果下次还有机会，我不会错失良机的。
In tracking, the sailors missed stays.
船员们抢风掉向没有成功。
Some people think the book very amusing, but I think it misses the mark.
有人认为这本书十分有趣，但是我看它并不怎么样。
[语境助记]
She had missed the thread of the argument, and didn't know what to say next.她在争论中忘了头绪，不知道接下去讲什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The typist has missed ________ a line because of his carelessness.
②Prepare food in advance to ensure you don't miss out ________ the fun.
完成句子
③His account of the accident ________________ (漏掉) one or two important facts.
④Of course I'm coming—I don't want to ________________ (错失好玩的机会)!
5)at the heart of 在……的中心；位于……的中心)
Data is at the heart of Internet applications.
数据是互联网应用的核心。
Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe.瑞士位于欧洲的中心。
At the heart of the phenomenon lie marine microorganisms called phytoplankton.
这种现象的核心是被称为浮游植物的海洋微生物。
[拓展] in the heart of在……的中心；在……的心脏地带
in the centre of...在……中间
Thailand is in the heart of Southeast Asia.
泰国位于东南亚的中心。
Vienna is a beautiful old city on the River Danube in the centre of Europe.维也纳是欧洲中部多瑙河畔的一座美丽的古城。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ the centre of the park is the cafe.
②The political idea ________ the heart of this is the primacy of the individual.
完成句子
③Zhengzhou is located ______________________ (在……的中心)the national railway network.
6)be based on...以……为根据)
(教材原句)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。
base n. 底部；基础；基地
vt. 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在
basic adj. 基本的；必需的
basis n. 基础；基点；基准，方式
This novel is based on historical facts.
这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
He was then taken by minibus to the military base.
接着他被小型公共汽车带到了军事基地。
The two firms are both based in America.
这两家公司都来自美国。
Hospitals lack even basic drugs for surgical operations.
医院甚至缺乏外科手术所必需的药品。
His research formed the basis of his new book.
他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。
[拓展] an air base空军基地
the base of a column柱基
at the base of在……底部；在……基础上
base...on/upon...以……为基础/根据
base...in...以……为据点，把(总部等)设在……
be basic to对……是基本的；对……是必需的
on the basis of在……的基础上，根据
form the basis of为……建立基础
lay a solid basis for为……打下坚实的基础
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A liquid layer forms ________ the base of the glacier.
②The students are studying the ________ (base) principles of chemistry.
③His conclusion is based ________ practical experience.
④We judge a worker ________ the basis of his performance.
⑤The two hotels are attractive ________ (base) from which to explore southeast Tuscany.
⑥The organisation is based ________ North Carolina and has programmes in seventy countries.
⑦Remember, even world champion athletes practise their skills on a consistent ________ (base).
7)separate...from把……和……分开)
(教材原句)Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。
separation n. 分离；分开
The channel separates the land from the island.
海峡将陆地与岛屿隔开。
[比较] separate/divide
·separate指把原来在一起的东西分开，后接介词from；
We should separate the good from the bad.
我们应该把好的和坏的分开。
·divide指把整体分成若干部分，后接介词into。
In order to play this game，we must divide them into six groups.
为了做这个游戏，我们必须把他们分成六个小组。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little girl got ________ (separate) from the group in the dark.
②________ (separate) from her children was a terrible thing for her.
③It is impossible to separate belief ________ emotion.
④Household waste can be roughly divided ________ food waste, recyclable waste, harmful waste and other waste.
8)can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事)
(教材原句)At the beginning, I found it difficult to do this and I couldn't help questioning the ideas I was reading or hearing.一开始，我发现很难做到这一点，我忍不住质疑我正在阅读或听到的想法。
I was moved so much that I couldn't help bursting into tears.我如此感动以至于我不禁放声大哭。
Hearing the news，she couldn't help laughing.
听到这个消息，她禁不住笑了起来。
[拓展] can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
Because I am too busy, I can't help (to) wash the clothes.
我太忙了，不能帮忙洗衣服了。
I can't help but admire her．我不得不佩服她。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
②I can't help ________ (feel) that there has been a mistake.
③Take this medicine. It will help you ________ (get) better.
④As I held my father's hands one night, I couldn't help but ________ (notice) their roughness.
第三版块|典型句式
1)“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
(教材原句)If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。
Each person，no matter who he is，must obey the law.
每个人，不管是谁，都必须守法。
(1)no matter意为“不管，无论”，与what/who/which/when/where/how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however等。
Whichever you buy，there is a six month guarantee.
＝No matter which you buy，there is a six month guarantee.
不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
No matter how hard he may try，he will not succeed.
＝However hard he may try，he will not succeed.
他无论怎么努力去做都不会成功的。
(2)whatever，whichever，whoever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句时，不可以替换为“no matter＋what/which/who”的形式。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'll do ________ I can to help you.
②—When could you have a meal with me
—I'd like to go ________ it is convenient to you.
③________ hard I tried to think about it, what he said didn't really get across to me.
完成句子
④__________________________________________ (别管他是谁)，we'll act according to the principle.
⑤______________________________________________ (不管她在哪里)，she will be happy.
2)动名词作宾语)
(教材原句)I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。
The squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
如果你今天下午能回电话，我将非常感激。
[拓展]
下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语。
consider，suggest，advise，look forward to，admit，delay，put off，fancy，avoid，miss，keep，practise，deny，finish，enjoy，appreciate，forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow，permit，escape等。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。
He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Isn't it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers
②We have to admit ________ (make) a serious error before, for we are far behind at present.
③I enjoy ________ (meet) new people and ________ (travel) a lot.
④My mother finished ________ (clean) the living room a little while ago.
⑤It's a little hot. Would you mind my ________ (open) the window？
3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句)
(教材原句)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
[句式分析] 祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果。表示顺承关系时用and，表示转折关系用or。
Use your head，and you'll find a way.
动动脑筋，你会想出办法来的。
Hurry up or we'll be late.抓紧时间，不然我们要迟到了。
[试比较] If you use your head, you'll find a way.
Using your head，(现在分词短语作条件状语)you'll find a way.
[句式拓展] 名词词组 ＋and ＋陈述句
One more hour and I'll get the work finished.
再有一个小时，我就能把工作做完。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Think of a rubber band.In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years ________ it will become dry and easily broken.
②Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
③Attach the stamp to the envelope, ________ the letter won't be sent.
④More effort ________ you will make greater progress.
4)find＋宾语＋宾补 发现……处于某状态)
(教材原句)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
[句子分析]
find your inner voice difficult to control中，your inner voice是宾语，difficult to control是宾补。该句相当于find it difficult to control your inner voice。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”中宾补的形式：
(1)形容词/副词/名词(短语)
I find my knowledge of the project limited.
我发现自己对这一项目的了解有限。(形容词作宾补)
When we got home, we found all the lights on.
我们到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。(副词作宾补)
The two brothers found Henry a penniless man.
这兄弟俩发现亨利身无分文。(名词短语作宾补)
(2)介词短语
He found his father in heavy debt.他发现他的父亲负债累累。
(3)现在分词(表主动或正在进行)
She turned around and found a man staring at her.
她转过身，发现一名男子在盯着她看。
(4)过去分词(表被动或已经完成)
He found his bike stolen.他发现他的自行车被偷了。
[注意]
(1)不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。结构：find ＋it ＋宾补 ＋不定式。如：
I find it important to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很重要。
(2)此类构成这种复合宾语的动词还有think, believe, consider(认为), make, feel等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he woke up and found ________ (he) alone, the 4 year old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on.
②Three months later I found myself ________ a plane to Phoenix, Arizona.
③As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello.
④When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ________ (wander) down to Southbank, spending hours there.
⑤I feel ________ useless sitting here quarrelling about it.
⑥I feel it my duty ________ (help) others.
句子转换
⑦I feel English easy to learn well.
→I feel it ________ to ______________ well.
→I feel it ________ easy to ________ English well.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________ (外部的) walls of the castle were built with six feet thick bricks.
2．A more ________ (灵活的) approach to childcare arrangements is needed.
3．He's ________ (不大可能) to find a better job than the former one.
4．From the documentary, we can tell there is no evidence that life ________ (存在) on other planets.
5．He ________ (忽视) his friend's advice and refused to take action.
6．Pictures of ________ (恐龙) popped up in Jurassic Park.
7．This computer can store as much ________ (资料) as many larger models.
8．I think we can safely ________ (假设) that the mysterious sculptor is out of town.
9．My reaction was ________ (无意识的).
10．He reached into the ________ (内部的) pocket of his jacket and held out a mask.
Ⅱ.短语填空
end up, on the assumption that, in short, attempt to, at the heart of, argue with, first impression, work out, reflect on, be based on
1．I will ____________ answer all your questions about global warming.
2．He wrote in his journal，“Freedom is ____________ happiness.”
3．Green politics ____________ the belief that the resources of the planet are limited and individuals are involved.
4．Her beauty is beyond description, which is my ____________ of her.
5．Stop doing that or you'll ____________ in serious trouble.
6．To ____________ the difficult maths problem, I have discussed with my partner several times.
7．____________， I am interested in his fiction.
8．I hope in years to come he will ____________ his decision after the failure.
9．Do what you are told by the organiser and don't ____________ me!
10．The law works ____________ it is of help for the youth who live with a single parent.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Two years ago, while Cathy ________ (watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
2．But Inglis ended up ________ (buy) hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them.
3．Hospital patients who see tree branches out of their window are likely ________ (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4．For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter ________ hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one.
5．Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle ________ is ahead of you for the day.
6．The GPNP is designed ________ (reflect) the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
7．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
8．Recent research suggests that if an ________ (argue) gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.
9．It ________ (assume) that a large brain makes huge advantages.
10．China has a responsibility to work with other countries ________ (promote) the healthy development of the tea industry.
11．Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt ________ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
12．Mom and pop carmakers are unlikely ________ (beat) the biggest car companies.
13．The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________ (base) on our present mental register.
14．Scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of ________ (exist).
15．Hundreds of people have formed ________ (impress) of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她的幽默感给我们留下了深刻的印象。(leave an impression on sb.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我们都觉得用两天的时间完成这个任务是不可能的。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．这群学生按照教授告知的那样进行了两周的实验。(as引导方式状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．时间是救援计划的核心。(at the heart of...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．她不大可能再犯同样的错误了。(It is unlikely that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．没有人知道世界是怎么形成的。(come into existence)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．我们的确能从阅读中获益很多。(It is true that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．好的小说读起来很有趣。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．一方面，网络能为学生提供丰富的学习资源，另一方面，它也困扰着学生们。(on the one hand...on the other hand...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10．努力学习吧，你会被重点大学录取的！(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11．你觉得提高英语口语难吗？如果不难的话，你能给我们一些好的建议吗？(状语从句的省略)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
12．不管天气多冷，他每天都坚持晨跑。(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section B Lesson 1 Active Learning
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．attempt 2.train 3.opinion 4.dinosaur 5.data 6.paragraph
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflection 2.argument 3.assumption 4.automatically 5.promotion 6.unlikely 7.existence 8.ignorant；ignorance
9．impression
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．做笔记 2.集中(注意力、精力)于，把重点放在……上
3．思考 4.注意 5.不同的观点 6.训练某人成为……
7．建议做某事 8.在……中起积极的作用；积极参与…… 9.妨碍，阻碍 10.持续做某事 11.同意某人(的看法)
12．毕竟；终究 13.如果不；不然的话 14.至少 15.做某事的方法 16.在……的中心 17.以……为根据/基础
18．错过(机会)；错失
1．by oneself 2.listen to the outer voice 3.focus on the message 4.argue with your inner voice 5.need to do sth. 6.risk doing sth. 7.in the background 8.in this way
9．make decisions 10.end up doing 11.lead sb. to sth.
12．work out 13.in short 14.stop doing sth.
15．attempt to
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．actively 2.on 3.an 4.useful 5.what 6.better
7．to control 8.is 9.truth 10.based
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①reflection ②on ③is reflected ④reflective
⑤reflect your real opinions
2．①into ②an ③argument ④about ⑤with
⑥against ⑦have an argument with/argue with
⑧have argued for a long time
3．①assumptions ②to be ③It ④on ⑤Assuming
⑥Judging ⑦Given ⑧We assume that ⑨It is assumed that
4．①was promoted ②promotion ③promoted ④to
⑤to get promoted ⑥the promotion of world peace
5．①in ②at ③to find ④to escape ⑤at
6．①on ②existence ③in ④by ⑤existent
⑥There exists ⑦come into existence
7．①ignorance ②ignorant ③of ④can't ignore the fact that
⑤Ignoring the difference
8．①on ②impression ③with ④with/by
⑤Her fluent spoken English made/left a deep impression on us.
⑥We were impressed with/by her fluent spoken English.
第二版块|重要短语
1．①the ②to ③In no way
2．①breaks ②figured ③carry ④broke ⑤work
⑥to work out
3．①In ②for ③of ④In short ⑤is short of
4．①out ②on ③misses out ④miss out on all the fun
5．①In ②at/in ③at/in the heart of
6．①at ②basic ③on ④on ⑤bases ⑥in ⑦basis
7．①separated ②Separation ③from ④into
8．①being persuaded ②feeling ③(to) get ④notice
第三版块|典型句式
1．①whatever ②whenever ③However
④No matter who/Whoever he is
⑤No matter where/Wherever she may be
2．①marking ②having made ③meeting；travelling
④cleaning ⑤opening
3．①and ②and ③or ④and
4．①himself ②on ③greeted ④wandering ⑤it
⑥to help ⑦easy; learn English; is; learn
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．outer 2.flexible 3.unlikely 4.exists 5.ignored
6．dinosaurs 7.data 8.assume 9.automatic 10.inner
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．attempt to 2.at the heart of 3.is based on
4．first impression 5.end up 6.work out 7.In short
8．reflect on 9.argue with 10.on the assumption that
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．was watching 2.buying 3.to recover 4.how
5．whatever 6.to reflect 7.reflecting 8.argument
9．is assumed 10.to promote 11.to control 12.to beat
13．is based 14.existence 15.impressions
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．Her sense of humour left a deep impression on us.
2．We all find it impossible to finish the task in two days.
3．This group of students carried out a two week experiment as they were told by the professor.
4．Time is at the heart of the rescue plan.
5．It was unlikely that she would make the same mistake again.
6．No one knows how the world came into existence.
7．It is true that we can benefit a lot from reading.
8．A good novel is interesting to read.
9．On the one hand, the network can provide students with rich learning resources; on the other hand, it also bothers students.
10．Study hard and you will be admitted into a key university!
11．Do you find spoken English difficult to improve If not, would you give us some good advice
12．No matter how cold it is, he keeps running every morning.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共195张PPT)
Section B Lesson 1 Active Learning
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vt. & n. 企图；试图
2．____________ n. 火车 vt. 训练
3．____________ n. 观点；看法
4．____________ n. 恐龙
5．____________ n. 资料；数据
6．____________ n. 段落
attempt
train
opinion
dinosaur
data
paragraph
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→ ________ n．沉思；想法；反射
2．argue vi.争论，争吵 → ________ n．争论；争吵；论点
3．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→ ________ n．假设
4．automatic adj.自动的；无意识的→______________ adv.自动地；无意识地
5．promote vt.促进，增进→________ n．提升；提拔；促销活动
reflection
argument
assumption
automatically
promotion
6．likely adj.可能的→________ adj.不大可能的
7．exist vi.存在；实际上有→________ n．存在
8．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→________ adj.无知的；愚昧的→________ n．无知；愚昧
9．impress v．给……留下深刻的好印象→________ n．印象；感想
unlikely
existence
ignorant
ignorance
impression
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A写出下列短语的汉意
1．take notes ________________
2．focus on ________________________________
3．reflect on ________________
4．pay attention to(＋n./pron./v. ing) ________________
5．a different point of view ________________
6．train sb. to be ________________
7．suggest doing sth. ________________
做笔记
集中(注意力、精力)于，把重点放在……上
思考
注意
不同的观点
训练某人成为……
建议做某事
8．take an active role in ______________________________
9．get in the way of ________________
10．keep doing sth. ________________
11．agree with sb. ________________
12．after all ________________
13．if not ________________
14．at least(＝at the least) ________________
在……中起积极的作用；积极参与……
妨碍，阻碍
持续做某事
同意某人(的看法)
毕竟；终究
如果不；不然的话
至少
15．a/the way to do sth. ________________
16．at the heart of... ________________
17．be based on... ________________
18．miss out on ________________
做某事的方法
在……的中心
以……为根据/基础
错过(机会)；错失
写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 独自地，单独
2．________________ 听取外部声音
3．________________ 专注于信息
4．__________________ 与内心声音争论
5．________________ 需要做某事
6．________________ 冒险做某事
7．________________ 在背景中
by oneself
listen to the outer voice
focus on the message
argue with your inner voice
need to do sth
risk doing sth.
in the background
8．________________ 这样；用这种方法
9．________________ 做决定
10．________________ 最后；最终
11．________________ 引导某人……
12．________________ 弄懂某事物；计算出
13．________________ 总而言之；简单地说
14．________________ 停止做某事
15．________________ 尝试
in this way
make decisions
end up doing
lead sb. to sth.
work out
in short
stop doing sth.
attempt to
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．According to the author, what kind of behaviour is “active learning”？
A．Taking part in many activities.
B．Reflecting on what we have learnt.
C．Taking an active role in class.
D．Training ourselves to be better learners.
B
2．What will happen if we pay too much attention to our inner voice
A．We may focus on what the speaker is saying.
B．We may make better decisions.
C．We may change our way of learning.
D．We may miss important information.
D
3．In the author's view, what is the easiest way to promote active learning
A．Listening to the outer voice.
B．Arguing with your inner voice.
C．Asking questions.
D．Getting to the truth.
C
4．Which of the following statements is not the practice of an active learner
A．Accept everything they learn.
B．Find the truth at the heart of each idea.
C．Work out questions about certain information.
D．Argue with inner voice.
A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A good learner will always 1.________(active) take part in the learning process and reflect 2.________ what he has learnt. To take 3.________ active role in our learning, we'd better do the following things well.
actively
on
an
Listen to the outer voice. Although your inner voice can be 4.________ (use), it can also get in the way of learning. Active learners focus on 5.________ the speaker/writer is saying. In this way, they are in a 6.________ (good) position to make decisions. Argue with your inner voice. If you find your inner voice difficult 7.________ (control), you can argue with it. Asking questions 8.________ (be) the easiest way to promote active learning. Get to the truth. Active learners don't accept everything they learn.
useful
what
better
to control
is
They attempt to find the 9.________ (true) at the heart of each idea. Focus on the message. Active learners don't judge people 10.________ (base) on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.
truth
based
①assume/ 'sju m/vt.
认为；假定，假设
※assumption n．假设
②automatic/ t 'm t k/
adj.自动的；无意识的
※automatically adv.
自动地；无意识地
③need to do sth.
需要做某事
④train sb. to be
训练某人成为……
⑤suggest doing sth.
建议做某事
⑥take an active role in
在……中起积极的作用；积极参与……
⑦get in the way of 妨碍，阻碍
⑧keep doing sth. 持续做某事
⑨risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
⑩open minded adj.愿意考虑不同意见的；思想开明的
in the background 在背景中
in this way这样；用这种方法
make decisions做决定
flexible/'fleks b l/adj.
灵活的，可变通的
end up doing 最后；最终
※end up with 以……而告终
agree with sb.同意某人(的看法)
after all毕竟；终究
if not 如果不；不然的话
at least至少
※at(the)most 至多
a/the way to do sth.
做某事的方法
promote/pr 'm t/vt. 促进，增进
※promotion n．提升；提拔；促销活动
lead sb. to sth.引导某人……
work out弄懂某事物；计算出
in short总而言之；简单地说
stop doing sth.停止做某事
※stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
attempt to尝试
※attempt to do sth.
尝试做某事
at the heart of...
在……的中心
unlikely/ n'la kli/adj.不大可能的
※be unlikely to do sth.不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that...……不大可能……
aspect n．方面
be based on...以……为根据
dinosaur/'da n s /n.恐龙
exist/ ɡ'z st/vi.存在；实际上有
※exist in 存在于……中
exist on(＝live on)靠……生存
data/'de t /n.资料；数据
miss out on错过(机会)；错失
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
ignore/ ɡ'n /vt.忽视；置之不理
※ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
ignorance n．无知；愚昧
because of因为
cannot help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
※can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
judge vt.评价，评判
impression/ m'pre n/
n．印象；感想
※the first impression
第一印象
leave an impression on sb.
给某人留下印象
separate...from...
把……与……分开
as well也，又
[教材原文]
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume① that the human brain is set on “automatic②”— that means it learns all by itself. But this isn't always true. We need to③ train ourselves to be④ better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing⑤ five things to take an active role in⑥ your learning.
1 Listen to the outer voice
There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.【1】 Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of⑦ learning.
If you keep paying⑧ too much attention to it，you risk missing⑨ important information. Instead, active learners are open minded⑩ and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background . In this way ， they are in a better position to make decisions .
【1】while conj.而，然而，表示对比，what引导的从句作介词from的宾语。
2 Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.【2】 When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all . If not ， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
【2】If引导条件状语从句，find＋宾语＋宾语补足语，as引导方式状语从句。
3 Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.【3】 When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In short : Do not stop being curious.
4 Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.【4】 They attempt to find the truth at the heart of
each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely , there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this. Where does the idea come from Do they have enough data to support their views If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.【5】
【3】※动名词短语作主语：单个的动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【4】※they learn是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰不定代词everything。
【5】If引导条件状语从句，no matter how引导让步状语从句，相当于however crazy it seems。
5 Focus on the message
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is. It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message fromB41 the messenger. This goes the other way as well —do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
[汉语译文]
主动学习
凯文·道姆
很多人认为(assume)人类的大脑是“自动运行的(automatic)”，这是说大脑能自动学习。但并不总是如此。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思(reflect)学到的东西。这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做以下五件事。
1．倾听外部的声音
有两种声音：内心的(inner)声音和外部的(outer)声音。内心的声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要信息。相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或者作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决策。
2．和内心的声音争论
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论(argue)。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话人或作者是错误的时候，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。灵活(flexible)处理你的意见，你最终(end up doing)，可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。
3．提出问题
提出问题是促进(promote)主动学习最简单的方法。当你从某个人那里、书籍或互联网上获得信息时，提出有关该主题的两个、三个，甚至五个问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，探究(work out)问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。简而言之(in short)：一定要始终保持好奇心。
4．弄清真相
主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力(attempt to)从每个观点最核心的(at the heart of)地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能(unlikely)，其中也可能有某个方面是基于( be based on)事实的。因此，如果有人说
现在还存在(exist)恐龙(dinosaur)，那就想一下他们为什么会相信这种观点。这个想法来自哪里？他们是否有足够的数据(data)来支持自己的观点？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。
5．专注于信息
许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会。他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视(ignore)他们所说的内容。确实，我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象(impression)或个人感受来判断人。相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
第一版块|核心单词
1)reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映；反射)
be reflected in 映在……中
reflect on/upon 思考；反思
reflect that... 思考/琢磨……
reflect...back 把……如实地反映出来
reflect from... 从……反射出来
reflect on oneself 自我反省
The light reflected from the water into my eyes.
光线从水面反射进我的双眼。
The mountains are reflected in the water.
群山倒映在水中。
I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.
我会反思这一天是怎么过的，然后想想这一周剩下的时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ (reflect) of his family environment.
②We should reflect ________ the likely reactions of the market before we act.
③Sean's strong love for his country ________ (reflect) in his recently published poems.
④A row of ________ (reflect) boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.
reflection
on
is reflected
reflective
完成句子
⑤Does this letter ______________________ (表达你的真实意见)？
reflect your real opinions
2)argue v．争论，争吵；争辩)
(教材原句)Argue with your inner voice与内心声音争论
argue for 论证；为……辩护
argue against 反对；争辩
argue with sb. about/over sth. 因某事而与某人争辩
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
Many experts had argued for the Three Gorges Project for several years before its start.三峡工程上马以前，许多专家争论了好几年。
Father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
父亲反对增加我们的零花钱。
Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch？你曾为看哪个电视节目和家人争论过吗？
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们彼此争论关于度假的最好的地方。
You want to argue me into agreeing to your proposal
你想说服我同意你的建议吗？
[拓展]
argument n．辩论；论点；论据；争论；理由
an argument for/against sth. 支持/反对某事的论点
have an argument with sb. about/over sth.与某人就某事争吵
This point is vital to my argument．
这一点对我的论据极为重要。
I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument．
我认为任何抽象的东西都有太多的争论空间。
You shouldn't have an argument with your deskmate about the question.你不应该和同桌就这个问题争吵。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They tried to argue him ________ joining them.
②She thought it best to humour him rather than get into ________ argument.
③Her ________ (argue) was that it would be cheaper to buy a new radio than to get the old one repaired.
④As we've seen, the experts argue ________ which diet is best.
into
an
argument
about
⑤A chimpanzee (黑猩猩)can't win an argument ________ a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
⑥The employees felt the policy about their promotion was unfair and argued ________ it.
with
against
完成句子
⑦You shouldn't ________________________ (和……争论) your parents about the bike.
⑧Gun control is a subject about which Americans ______________________ (争论已久的).
have an argument with/argue with
have argued for a long time
3)assume vt.认为；假定，假设 assumption n．假定；设想 assuming conj.假定，假设……为真)
(教材原句)Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”，这是说大脑能自动学习。
assume sb./sth. to be 认为某人/某物是……
assume(that)... 认为……
make an assumption 作出假设
on the assumption that... 假定……
assuming(that)... 假定……
It is generally/usually assumed that... 普遍/通常认为……
We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。
I assumed that he had received my telegram.
我想他已经收到了我的电报。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
Many people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困只存在于第三世界。
His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。
Assuming that it is true，what should we do now
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？
[拓展]
assuming that...(假定……)，常作独立成分。英语中常见的独立成分还有：supposing/providing...假如/如果……；
considering...考虑到……；judging from...根据……判断；
given...考虑到……；在有……的情况下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The theory is based on a series of wrong ________ (assume).
②I assume him ________ (be) the cleverest boy in this class.
③________ is assumed that this is the best possible translation.
④We are working ________ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
⑤________ (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do
assumptions
to be
It
on
Assuming
⑥________ (judge) from her accent, she must be from Shandong.
⑦________ (give) that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
完成句子
⑧______________(我们认为)women are normally more sensitive than men.
⑨______________ (人们认为)a student's daily life is as important as his learning experience.
Judging
Given
We assume that
It is assumed that
4)promote vt.促进，增进；提升；推销；晋级 promotion n．提升，晋升；促进；推广；促销活动)
(教材原句)Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。
get promoted 得到晋升
promote sb. to sth. 把某人提升到某个职位上
promote sb. (to be)sth. 提升某人为……
promote safe development 推动安全发展
promote peace 促进和平
promote prosperity 促进繁荣
promote economic growth 促进经济增长
promote new books 促销新书
the promotion of... ……的推广/促销
get promotion from... to... 得到从……到……晋升
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
我们所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。
I'm happy to inform you that you have been promoted to captain.我很高兴地告诉你，你已被提升为上尉。
They promoted him (to be) captain.他们提升他为上尉。
He was in town to promote his new book.
他在镇上推销自己的新书。
Our teacher has been promoted to be headmaster.
我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
[拓展]
recommend sb. for promotion推荐提升某人
offer sb. promotion提出晋升某人
deny sb. promotion拒绝提升某人
have no chance of promotion in one's job
工作上没有晋升机会
We are doing a special promotion of our books.我们正在对我们的图书进行特别促销活动。
There are good chances of promotion in this firm.这家公司里晋升的机会很多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our teacher __________ (promote) to be headmaster last year.
②Her job is mainly concerned with sales and ________ (promote).
③As she had always been working hard, Miss Smith got ________ (promote) soon.
④Fortunately, Helen has been promoted ________ general manager.
was promoted
promotion
promoted
to
完成句子
⑤While waiting for the opportunity ______________ (获得晋升)，Tom did his best to perform his duty.
⑥They worked for ______________________ (促进世界和平).
to get promoted
the promotion of world peace
5)attempt n. & vt.努力，尝试，企图)
(教材原句)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
(1)make an/no attempt to do/at doing 尝试/不尝试做……
in an attempt to do 为了做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
fail/succeed in one's attempt 尝试失败/成功
give up/abandon an attempt 放弃尝试
(2)attempt an attack 试图进攻
attempt a task 尝试一项任务
attempt to do sth.＝try do do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
attempt doing... 企图做某事
He made a weak attempt to look cheerful.
他勉强装出高兴的样子。
The enemy failed in their attempt to land on the island.
敌人在岛上登陆的企图失败了。
Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. 第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不很多。
He is attempting a difficult task.他正在尝试一项困难的任务。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.
我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题的。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He studied hard ________ an attempt to pass the exam.
②She passed her driving test ________ the first attempt.
③When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted ________ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾祸) that had happened to their lives.
④She made several attempts ________ (escape).
⑤This effort is not just an attempt ________ being community minded—it's also a crime cutting measure.
in
at
to find
to escape
at
6)exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存，生活)
(教材原句)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.因此，如果有人说现在还存在恐龙，那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
exist by 靠……生活
exist in 存在于……中
exist on(＝live on) 靠……生存
There exist(s)... 有……/存在着……
[说明] 这是there be 句型的变式，其中exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
Most scientists believe that water doesn't exist on the surface of the moon.多数科学家认为，月球表面不存在水。
Some people existed on melons or coconuts for weeks at one time.有些人一度数周靠各种瓜与椰子生存。
There exist some misunderstandings between your teacher and you.你和你的老师之间有些误会。
[词语积累]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The old lady exists only ________ rice, coffee and bread.
②No one can tell for sure when the world came into ________ (exist).
③Many materials can exist ________ a variety of solid forms.
④I'm afraid that she will not be able to exist ________ selling houses.
⑤The pollution of university chemical laboratories is a generally ________ (exist) phenomenon.
on
existence
in
by
existent
完成句子
⑥___________ (存在着) a close relationship between families and their milkmen.
⑦How did the universe _______________ (形成)first？
There exists
come into existence
7)ignore vt.忽视；置之不理 ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的 ignorance n．无知；愚昧)
(教材原句)They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。
ignore the question 忽视这一问题
ignore one's advice/warning 不理会某人的建议/警告
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
ignore personal danger 不顾个人安危
ignore the fact that... 忽略……的事实
completely ignore 全然不顾
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
be in ignorance of sth. 不知道某事；(对于……的)无知
out of ignorance 出于无知
due to ignorance 因为无知
keep sb. in ignorance 把某人蒙在鼓里
I agree in principle，but we can't ignore the differences.
我原则上同意，但我们不能忽视这些差异。
I could no longer ignore the fact that he was deeply unhappy.我不能再对他深感不快这个事实不闻不问了。
They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.他们全然不顾这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。
He's so ignorant that he cannot write his own name.
他很无知，连自己的名字都写不出来。
They seem to be ignorant of what happened here.
他们似乎不知道这里发生的事。
[语境助记]
Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress.贫穷和愚昧是进步的敌人。
He was kept in ignorance of his true identity.
他一直被蒙在鼓里不知道自己的真实身份。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Poverty, disease and ________ (ignore) remain major world problems.
②She was ________ (ignore) of what the postman had delivered that morning.
③Firms may be ignorant ________ the markets they are entering.
ignorance
ignorant
of
完成句子
④We ________________ (不能忽略……的事实)many people will choose to live in the big cities.
⑤__________________ (无视差异) between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
can't ignore the fact that
Ignoring the difference
8)impression n．印象；感想 impress vt.使钦佩；使留下深刻印象；使……了解(某事的重要性)；强调impressive adj.令人赞叹的)
(教材原句)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
give an impression(of) 给人(……)印象
get a good/bad impression of... 对……的印象好/不好
make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
be under the impression that... 以为……
impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人了解某事的重要性
be impressed with/by 对……印象深刻
Her gentleness has given me a deep impression.
她的亲切给我留下了很深的印象。
As a general rule，keeping smiling can leave a good impression on the interviewers.
一般来说，保持微笑能给面试官留下好的印象。
We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.
我们和她一见如故，并且被她知识的渊博折服。
My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
我父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义。
[语境助记]
The film's special effects are particularly impressive．
那部电影的特技效果尤其令人赞叹。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The film was very amusing and left a deep impression ________ me.
②A few characters are used to create a single ________ (impress) growing out of the theme.
③The professor impressed us ________ his knowledge.
④We were impressed ________ a wide variety of plants in the garden.
on
impression
with
with/by
一句两译
她流利的英语口语给我们留下深刻印象。
⑤_________________________________________________________
⑥_________________________________________________________
Her fluent spoken English made/left a deep impression on us.
We were impressed with/by her fluent spoken English.
第二版块|重要短语
1)get in the way of 挡……的路；妨碍，阻碍)
(教材原句)Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of learning.虽然你内心的声音或许有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。
on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
get out of one's way 让开
on the/one's way to 在去……的路上
be/get in the/one's way 挡路，妨碍
in no way 绝不
in a/one way 在某种程度上
make one's way 行进
make way for 给……让路
give way to 被……取代
go a long way towards doing sth. 对于做某事很有帮助
Will you be able to make your own way to the airport
你能自己去机场吗？
Her social life gets in the way of her study.
她的社交生活妨碍了学业。
[语境助记]
Although technology might make day to day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.
虽然科技可能使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日子里，额外的努力会大有帮助。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He wouldn't allow emotions to get in ________ way of his job.
②On the way ________ the shop, he found $100.
完成句子
③_________ (绝不) can we allow this to continue.
the
to
In no way
2)work out 弄懂某事物；计算出；解决；锻炼)
(教材原句)The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，探究问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。
I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出这道题。
With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.在如此忙碌的生活中，很难找到时间去锻炼。
[归纳拓展] “v.＋out”短语：
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然开始；爆发
carry out执行 die out灭绝；消失
figure out计算；弄清楚 sell out卖光
It would be difficult to figure out the losses at this time.
在这种时候很难计算损失。
She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions.
她需要一个清醒的头脑来执行命令。
Elephants would die out if men were to shoot as they wished.如果人们按自己的意愿去射杀，大象就会灭绝。
[即学即练] 选词填空：work/break/carry/figure
①Something unexpected always ________ out in this area.
②Have you ________ out what's wrong with your car
③Make sure the firm is competent to ________ out the work.
④A fire ________ out in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole building was in flames.
⑤If you ________ out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
完成句子
⑥We have some problems ___________ (要解决).
breaks
figured
carry
broke
work
to work out
3)in short 总而言之；简单地说)
(教材原句)In short：Do not stop being curious.
简而言之：一定要始终保持好奇心。
In short，being a good leader needs courage and practice.
总之，成为一个好的领导者需要勇气和实践。
That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short, he's reliable.
那个年轻人诚实、好合作，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在你身边。简而言之，他是可靠的。
[归纳拓展] for short简称，缩写
be short of (＝lack)缺乏；缺少(强调状态)
West Lake Longjing Tea is called Longjing for short.
西湖龙井茶简称龙井。
If I was short of money, he would lend me some.
如果我缺钱，他会借给我一些。
[学法点拨] 表示“总而言之”的短语：
in a word, in one word, in conclusion, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, to be brief, in brief
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ short, the new assistant left a good impression on us.
②The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED ________ short.
③This country is short ________ natural resources but rich in human resources.
In
for
of
完成句子
④________ (总之)，I will do my best to help make the sports meeting a success.
⑤He _________ (缺少) funds now.
In short
is short of
4)miss out on错过(机会)；错失)
miss out 略去；遗漏；错过机会
miss the boat 错失良机
miss stays (海)(帆船)抢风失败
miss the mark 未打中目标；未达到目的；未达到预想的结果；不正确，出错
miss the thread of 失去(讲话、讲故事的)线索；忘了头绪
He missed out on chance to go to college because of his illness.他因生病，失去了上大学的机会。
Living in the country, I often feel that I am missing out on the activities of city life.
我住在乡下，常常感到没有机会参加城市生活的活动。
Don't miss out your brother when you send round the invitations.发请帖时不要把你弟弟给漏了。
I will not miss the boat when there is another opportunity next time.如果下次还有机会，我不会错失良机的。
In tracking, the sailors missed stays.
船员们抢风掉向没有成功。
Some people think the book very amusing, but I think it misses the mark.
有人认为这本书十分有趣，但是我看它并不怎么样。
[语境助记]
She had missed the thread of the argument, and didn't know what to say next.她在争论中忘了头绪，不知道接下去讲什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The typist has missed ________ a line because of his carelessness.
②Prepare food in advance to ensure you don't miss out ________ the fun.
完成句子
③His account of the accident _________ (漏掉) one or two important facts.
④Of course I'm coming—I don't want to ________________ (错失好玩的机会)!
out
on
misses out
miss out on all the fun
5)at the heart of 在……的中心；位于……的中心)
Data is at the heart of Internet applications.
数据是互联网应用的核心。
Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe.瑞士位于欧洲的中心。
At the heart of the phenomenon lie marine microorganisms called phytoplankton.
这种现象的核心是被称为浮游植物的海洋微生物。
[拓展] in the heart of在……的中心；在……的心脏地带
in the centre of...在……中间
Thailand is in the heart of Southeast Asia.
泰国位于东南亚的中心。
Vienna is a beautiful old city on the River Danube in the centre of Europe.维也纳是欧洲中部多瑙河畔的一座美丽的古城。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ the centre of the park is the cafe.
②The political idea ________ the heart of this is the primacy of the individual.
完成句子
③Zhengzhou is located _____________ (在……的中心)the national railway network.
In
at/in
at/in the heart of
6)be based on...以……为根据)
(教材原句)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。
base n. 底部；基础；基地
vt. 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在
basic adj. 基本的；必需的
basis n. 基础；基点；基准，方式
This novel is based on historical facts.
这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
He was then taken by minibus to the military base.
接着他被小型公共汽车带到了军事基地。
The two firms are both based in America.
这两家公司都来自美国。
Hospitals lack even basic drugs for surgical operations.
医院甚至缺乏外科手术所必需的药品。
His research formed the basis of his new book.
他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。
[拓展] an air base空军基地
the base of a column柱基
at the base of在……底部；在……基础上
base...on/upon...以……为基础/根据
base...in...以……为据点，把(总部等)设在……
be basic to对……是基本的；对……是必需的
on the basis of在……的基础上，根据
form the basis of为……建立基础
lay a solid basis for为……打下坚实的基础
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A liquid layer forms ________ the base of the glacier.
②The students are studying the ________ (base) principles of chemistry.
③His conclusion is based ________ practical experience.
④We judge a worker ________ the basis of his performance.
⑤The two hotels are attractive ________ (base) from which to explore southeast Tuscany.
at
basic
on
on
bases
⑥The organisation is based ________ North Carolina and has programmes in seventy countries.
⑦Remember, even world champion athletes practise their skills on a consistent ________ (base).
in
basis
7)separate...from把……和……分开)
(教材原句)Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。
separation n. 分离；分开
The channel separates the land from the island.
海峡将陆地与岛屿隔开。
[比较] separate/divide
·separate指把原来在一起的东西分开，后接介词from；
We should separate the good from the bad.
我们应该把好的和坏的分开。
·divide指把整体分成若干部分，后接介词into。
In order to play this game，we must divide them into six groups.
为了做这个游戏，我们必须把他们分成六个小组。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little girl got ________ (separate) from the group in the dark.
②________ (separate) from her children was a terrible thing for her.
③It is impossible to separate belief ________ emotion.
④Household waste can be roughly divided ________ food waste, recyclable waste, harmful waste and other waste.
separated
Separation
from
into
8)can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事)
(教材原句)At the beginning, I found it difficult to do this and I couldn't help questioning the ideas I was reading or hearing.一开始，我发现很难做到这一点，我忍不住质疑我正在阅读或听到的想法。
I was moved so much that I couldn't help bursting into tears.我如此感动以至于我不禁放声大哭。
Hearing the news，she couldn't help laughing.
听到这个消息，她禁不住笑了起来。
[拓展] can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
Because I am too busy, I can't help (to) wash the clothes.
我太忙了，不能帮忙洗衣服了。
I can't help but admire her．我不得不佩服她。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①While shopping, people sometimes can't help ____________ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
②I can't help ________ (feel) that there has been a mistake.
③Take this medicine. It will help you ________ (get) better.
④As I held my father's hands one night, I couldn't help but ________ (notice) their roughness.
being persuaded
feeling
(to) get
notice
第三版块|典型句式
1)“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
(教材原句)If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。
Each person，no matter who he is，must obey the law.
每个人，不管是谁，都必须守法。
(1)no matter意为“不管，无论”，与what/who/which/when/where/how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however等。
Whichever you buy，there is a six month guarantee.
＝No matter which you buy，there is a six month guarantee.
不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
No matter how hard he may try，he will not succeed.
＝However hard he may try，he will not succeed.
他无论怎么努力去做都不会成功的。
(2)whatever，whichever，whoever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句时，不可以替换为“no matter＋what/which/who”的形式。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'll do ________ I can to help you.
②—When could you have a meal with me
—I'd like to go ________ it is convenient to you.
③________ hard I tried to think about it, what he said didn't really get across to me.
whatever
whenever
However
完成句子
④_______________________ (别管他是谁)，we'll act according to the principle.
⑤_____________________________ (不管她在哪里)，she will be happy.
No matter who/Whoever he is
No matter where/Wherever she may be
2)动名词作宾语)
(教材原句)I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。
The squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
如果你今天下午能回电话，我将非常感激。
[拓展]
下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语。
consider，suggest，advise，look forward to，admit，delay，put off，fancy，avoid，miss，keep，practise，deny，finish，enjoy，appreciate，forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow，permit，escape等。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。
He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Isn't it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers
②We have to admit __________ (make) a serious error before, for we are far behind at present.
③I enjoy ________ (meet) new people and ________ (travel) a lot.
④My mother finished ________ (clean) the living room a little while ago.
⑤It's a little hot. Would you mind my ________ (open) the window？
marking
having made
meeting
travelling
cleaning
opening
3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句)
(教材原句)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
[句式分析] 祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果。表示顺承关系时用and，表示转折关系用or。
Use your head，and you'll find a way.
动动脑筋，你会想出办法来的。
Hurry up or we'll be late.抓紧时间，不然我们要迟到了。
[试比较] If you use your head, you'll find a way.
Using your head，(现在分词短语作条件状语)you'll find a way.
[句式拓展] 名词词组 ＋and ＋陈述句
One more hour and I'll get the work finished.
再有一个小时，我就能把工作做完。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Think of a rubber band.In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years ________ it will become dry and easily broken.
②Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
③Attach the stamp to the envelope, ________ the letter won't be sent.
④More effort ________ you will make greater progress.
and
and
or
and
4)find＋宾语＋宾补 发现……处于某状态)
(教材原句)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
[句子分析]
find your inner voice difficult to control中，your inner voice是宾语，difficult to control是宾补。该句相当于find it difficult to control your inner voice。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”中宾补的形式：
(1)形容词/副词/名词(短语)
I find my knowledge of the project limited.
我发现自己对这一项目的了解有限。(形容词作宾补)
When we got home, we found all the lights on.
我们到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。(副词作宾补)
The two brothers found Henry a penniless man.
这兄弟俩发现亨利身无分文。(名词短语作宾补)
(2)介词短语
He found his father in heavy debt.他发现他的父亲负债累累。
(3)现在分词(表主动或正在进行)
She turned around and found a man staring at her.
她转过身，发现一名男子在盯着她看。
(4)过去分词(表被动或已经完成)
He found his bike stolen.他发现他的自行车被偷了。
[注意]
(1)不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。结构：find ＋it ＋宾补 ＋不定式。如：
I find it important to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很重要。
(2)此类构成这种复合宾语的动词还有think, believe, consider(认为), make, feel等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he woke up and found ________ (he) alone, the 4 year old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on.
②Three months later I found myself ________ a plane to Phoenix, Arizona.
③As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello.
himself
on
greeted
④When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ________ (wander) down to Southbank, spending hours there.
⑤I feel ________ useless sitting here quarrelling about it.
⑥I feel it my duty ________ (help) others.
wandering
it
to help
句子转换
⑦I feel English easy to learn well.
→I feel it ________ to ______________ well.
→I feel it ________ easy to ________ English well.
easy
learn English
is
learn
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________ (外部的) walls of the castle were built with six feet thick bricks.
2．A more ________ (灵活的) approach to childcare arrangements is needed.
3．He's ________ (不大可能) to find a better job than the former one.
4．From the documentary, we can tell there is no evidence that life ________ (存在) on other planets.
5．He ________ (忽视) his friend's advice and refused to take action.
outer
flexible
unlikely
exists
ignored
6．Pictures of ________ (恐龙) popped up in Jurassic Park.
7．This computer can store as much ________ (资料) as many larger models.
8．I think we can safely ________ (假设) that the mysterious sculptor is out of town.
9．My reaction was ________ (无意识的).
10．He reached into the ________ (内部的) pocket of his jacket and held out a mask.
dinosaurs
data
assume
automatic
inner
Ⅱ.短语填空
end up, on the assumption that, in short, attempt to, at the heart of, argue with, first impression, work out, reflect on, be based on
1．I will ____________ answer all your questions about global warming.
2．He wrote in his journal，“Freedom is ____________ happiness.”
3．Green politics ____________ the belief that the resources of the planet are limited and individuals are involved.
attempt to
at the heart of
is based on
4．Her beauty is beyond description, which is my ____________ of her.
5．Stop doing that or you'll ____________ in serious trouble.
6．To ____________ the difficult maths problem, I have discussed with my partner several times.
7．____________， I am interested in his fiction.
8．I hope in years to come he will ____________ his decision after the failure.
9．Do what you are told by the organiser and don't ____________ me!
10．The law works __________________ it is of help for the youth who live with a single parent.
first impression
end up
work out
In short
reflect on
argue with
on the assumption that
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Two years ago, while Cathy __________ (watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
2．But Inglis ended up ________ (buy) hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them.
3．Hospital patients who see tree branches out of their window are likely ________ (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
was watching
buying
to recover
4．For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter ________ hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one.
5．Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle ________ is ahead of you for the day.
6．The GPNP is designed ________ (reflect) the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
how
whatever
to reflect
7．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
8．Recent research suggests that if an ________ (argue) gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.
9．It ________ (assume) that a large brain makes huge advantages.
10．China has a responsibility to work with other countries ________ (promote) the healthy development of the tea industry.
reflecting
argument
is assumed
to promote
11．Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt ________ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
12．Mom and pop carmakers are unlikely ________ (beat) the biggest car companies.
13．The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________ (base) on our present mental register.
14．Scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of ________ (exist).
15．Hundreds of people have formed ________ (impress) of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.
to control
to beat
is based
existence
impressions
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她的幽默感给我们留下了深刻的印象。(leave an impression on sb.)
___________________________________________________________
2．我们都觉得用两天的时间完成这个任务是不可能的。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do)
___________________________________________________________
3．这群学生按照教授告知的那样进行了两周的实验。(as引导方式状语从句)
___________________________________________________________
Her sense of humour left a deep impression on us.
We all find it impossible to finish the task in two days.
This group of students carried out a two week experiment as they were told by the professor.
4．时间是救援计划的核心。(at the heart of...)
___________________________________________________________
5．她不大可能再犯同样的错误了。(It is unlikely that...)
___________________________________________________________
6．没有人知道世界是怎么形成的。(come into existence)
___________________________________________________________
Time is at the heart of the rescue plan.
It was unlikely that she would make the same mistake again.
No one knows how the world came into existence.
7．我们的确能从阅读中获益很多。(It is true that...)
___________________________________________________________
8．好的小说读起来很有趣。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
___________________________________________________________
9．一方面，网络能为学生提供丰富的学习资源，另一方面，它也困扰着学生们。(on the one hand...on the other hand...)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
It is true that we can benefit a lot from reading.
A good novel is interesting to read.
On the one hand, the network can provide students with rich learning resources; on the other hand, it also bothers students.
10．努力学习吧，你会被重点大学录取的！(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
___________________________________________________________
11．你觉得提高英语口语难吗？如果不难的话，你能给我们一些好的建议吗？(状语从句的省略)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
12．不管天气多冷，他每天都坚持晨跑。(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
___________________________________________________________
Study hard and you will be admitted into a key university!
Do you find spoken English difficult to improve If not, would you give us some good advice
No matter how cold it is, he keeps running every morning.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．Perhaps for the homeless people, home ________ (存在) only in their dreams.
2．Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of ________ (自动的) computers.
3．________ (恐龙) became extinct before the appearance of man.
4．Unfortunately, the project seemed u________ to succeed.
5．Researchers used ________ (数据) from 977 children for the study.
exists
automatic
Dinosaurs
unlikely
data
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested ________ (read) through our notes.
2．This is based on the ________ (assume) that science is universal, objective and reliable.
3．An increasing number of farmers are using the network ________ (promote) the sale of agricultural products.
4．It's no use arguing ________ him about the question, for he won't change his mind.
5．There is so much ________ (ignore) about mental illness.
reading
assumption
to promote
with
ignorance
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
reflect on, end up, work out, in short, attempt to
1．I ____________ finish the task by myself, but it was too difficult.
2．____________， the past performance does not predict future results.
3．To ____________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted my teacher several times.
attempted to
In short
work out
4．The start of a new year is a good time to ____________ your achievements of the past year.
5．If you don't know what you want, you might ____________ getting something you don't want.
reflect on
end up
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．《小舍得》根据一部小说改编，故事围绕几个孩子即将上中学的家庭展开。(base)
______________， A Love for Dilemma revolves around several families whose children are about to enter middle school.
2．这场运动会的开幕式给国内外的观众留下了深刻印象。(impression)
The opening ceremony of the sports meeting _____________________ the audience at home and abroad.
Based on a novel
made/left a deep impression on
3．人们普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。(assume)
____________________stress is caused by too much work.
4．我认为学习英语最好的方法就是使用它。
I think ______________________ is to use it.
It is generally assumed that
the best way to learn English
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Do you download (下载) music Do you buy CDs Do you listen to music on your phone Do you prefer to watch music or just to listen Have you ever seen your favourite band or singer perform live There are so many ways to discover, buy and listen to music!
In the UK, people enjoy live music.
The O2 in London is the second largest live music arena (场地) in Europe. There you can see world famous singers and bands such as One Direction, Justin Bieber, Scissor Sisters, Prince, The Rolling Stones, Elton John, and Take That. This large hall has space for 20，000 people. It also has 548 toilets! Tickets are not cheap. You need to pay more than 50 pounds to see a concert at The O2.
What about free live music There are music festivals across Britain every year that are completely free. Last year more than 150，000 people went to the Tramlines free music festival in Sheffield in the north of England. The festival is held every July. Last year there were 900 performances (表演) from all over the world.
What are you and your friends listening to these days Hip hop, dance, rock, heavy metal, rap, urban, reggae，... Personal interests are very different among British people. If a kind of music exists (存在) then somebody likes it.
A shopping centre in Birmingham, in central England, recently discovered what kind of music some local teenagers don't like. This is what happened... Shoppers and shop owners complained to the police about teenagers behaving badly in the shopping centre. When a new sound system in the centre started playing Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, the antisocial behaviour stopped. The young people causing problems had gone! Classical music was clearly not popular with these particular teenagers!
1．What can we learn about The O2？( )
A．Tickets aren't very expensive.
B．Great concerts are often held there.
C．It is the largest music arena in Europe.
D．People can enjoy free live music there.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，The O2这一音乐场馆的门票非常昂贵；在这里可以看到很多世界知名歌手和乐队的演出。
2．The numbers in Paragraph 4 are given to show ________.( )
A．free live music is quite popular
B．live music should be completely free
C．music has the power to bring people together
D.Tramlines is the best choice for music lovers
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，本段通过举例Tramlines音乐节并列举数字以说明：免费的现场音乐非常受欢迎。
3．Why did the young people leave the shopping centre？( )
A．They didn't find what they wanted.
B．They were angry with shoppers.
C．They didn't like classical music.
D．They were afraid of the police.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这些青少年之所以离开了购物中心，是因为他们讨厌商场里播放的古典音乐。
4．What did the author want to show by telling the story in the last paragraph？( )
A．Teenagers like going shopping.
B．Few people like classical music.
C．People have different tastes in music.
D．Teenagers behave badly while shopping.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者讲述这一故事，主要说明人们喜欢的音乐多种多样。作者举例想表达的观点在上段：Personal interests are very different among British people.
B
As most people know, in the past few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty.
The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only undermined the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people. It is expected that effective (有效的) measures should be taken as soon as possible through our joint efforts to limit its occurrence.
So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows: For one thing, more funds (基金) ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the earth. For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection. For example, banning the use of throw away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.
How people look forward to sunny days with little breeze (微风) touching their faces now and forever! Nevertheless, I am fully confident that the golden days can come back so long as everyone tries his best to protect natural environment from today on.
5．The underlined word “undermined” (in Paragraph 1) means ________．( )
A．weakened B．encouraged
C．kept D．made
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，沙尘暴不仅仅削弱了工农业的发展，还带来很多生活方面的困难，故该词是指A项意思。
6．From the first paragraph, we can infer ________．( )
A．China has taken no measures to prevent sandstorms
B．sandstorms can cause much damage to human beings and their daily lives
C.the sandstorm is the most dangerous natural disaster to human beings
D．more sandstorms will happen in the near future in North China
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people.”说明沙尘暴会给人们的生活带来很多的麻烦。故B正确。
7．How many ways do some experts put forward to fight against sandstorm？( )
A．5. B．4.
C．3. D．2.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For one thing, more funds (基金) ought to...”和“For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.”以及“Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.”说明文章中提出了3种方法。故C正确。
8．What's the author's attitude towards the situation to sandstorms' problems？( )
A．Unconfident. B．Optimistic.
C．Regretful. D．Satisfied.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后“I am fully confident that the...environment from today on.”说明作者很有信心。故B正确。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to take notes
Every student knows the importance of taking notes in class. 1(____) Adults need to take notes in meetings or training courses for work. So here are some ways to help you develop this important skill.
◆Begin with the date and the topic of the class. This may seem obvious(显而易见的), but it's easy to forget. 2(____)
◆Focus on(集中于) the most important points. Trying to write down everything the speaker says will only make you angry. 3(____)
◆If the speaker uses a PowerPoint, you may not need to copy the slides (幻灯片). Ask if the PowerPoint will be available (可得到的) afterward. If so, you can focus on writing the things the speaker says instead. Or you can take a picture with a phone. 4(____) If so, print it out so you can write notes on it.
◆5(____) This will give you the chance to add any information that you didn't write down. It's best to do this as soon as possible, so that you don't forget anything. This review will also increase your chances of remembering what you wrote.
Note taking is a useful skill, so it's important to practice doing it well.
A．Consider different note taking skills.
B．It will help you keep your notes organized.
C．Look over your notes again after taking them.
D．But the skill of note taking isn't only used in school.
E．Try your best to write down what you want to remember.
F．Instead, listen for the key ideas the person wants to communicate.
G.Also, the PowerPoint may be available before the class or meeting.
1．答案：D
解析：由该空前的“Every student knows the importance of taking notes in class”和该空后的“Adults need to take notes in meetings or training courses for work”的对比可知，做笔记的技巧不仅仅在学校派得上用场。
2．答案：B
解析：B项中的“help you keep your notes organized”是对本段的建议“Begin with the date and the topic of the class.”的进一步解释——日期和主题能帮助你把笔记整理得有条不紊。
3．答案：F
解析：F项中的“listen for the key ideas”和本段的建议“Focus on the most important points”相呼应。
4．答案：G
解析：G项中的Also承接上文，提出第三种方法；本项中的PowerPoint和上文中的两处PowerPoint相呼应；下文中的so指代G项中的内容，it指代PowerPoint。
5．答案：C
解析：C项中的“Look over your notes again”和下文中的“This review”相呼应。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Edinburgh: a city of culture
Edinburgh, 1.________ (locate) in the southeast of Scotland, is the capital city of Scotland.
With its museums, shops, wonderful historic castles, and many restaurants, there are many interesting things for visitors 2.________ (enjoy) all year round.
However, there is something more appealing in Edinburgh. Each year, the Edinburgh International Festival 3.________ (take) place in the city. In late summer, for three weeks, the festival presents classical music, theatre, opera and dance throughout the city. Whatever your cultural 4.________ (taste) are, you are sure to find something to enjoy.
So far, the Edinburgh International Festival 5.________ (earn) its reputation as one of the world's 6.________ (great) celebrations of the arts. The founders believe that the programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by 7.________ best artists in the world, that the festival should enrich the cultural life of European people 8.________ that it should provide a platform (平台) for the flowering of the human spirit.
The popularity of the festival led 9.________ the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Both of them have been 10.________ (wide) popular over the past 70 years.
1．答案：located
解析：考查非谓语动词。be located in是固定搭配，指“坐落于……，位于……”，此处用过去分词作定语。故填located。
2．答案：to enjoy
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示“有很多有趣的东西供游客全年欣赏”。此处运用了there be something for sb. to do sth. 句型。故填to enjoy。
3．答案：takes
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是the Edinburgh International Festival，而且此处指通常的情况，所以填takes。
4．答案：tastes
解析：考查名词的数。根据空格后面的“are”可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填tastes。
5．答案：has earned
解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语So far可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语“the Edinburgh International Festival”是单数，故填has earned。
6．答案：greatest
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，此处应用形容词最高级greatest表示“世界上最好的艺术庆典之一”。
7．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。根据后面的best可知，此处应填the，构成形容词的最高级。
8．答案：and
解析：考查连词。谓语动词believe后面跟了三个that引导的并列的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，后面的that不能省略，且最后一个that前需加and。故填and。
9．答案：to
解析：考查介词。此处运用了lead to这个短语，表示“带来，导致”。故填to。
10．答案：widely
解析：考查副词。修饰形容词popular应用副词，且此处表示抽象意义，故填widely，表示“广泛地”。
