(共138张PPT)
Section A Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 沙漠
2．____________ n. 龙头；阀门
3．____________ n. 纸巾
4．____________ n. 海洋，大海
5．____________ n. 雾霾
6．____________ n. 电池
7．____________ n. 碳
desert
tap
tissue
ocean
smog
battery
carbon
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．globe n．地球；地球仪；球状物→________ adj.全球的，全世界的
2．industry n．工业→________ adj.工业的
3．extinct adj.已灭绝的；绝种的→________ n．灭绝
4．solve v．解决→________ n．解决办法
5．electric adj.电的，用电的→________ n．电
6．cycle n．循环；周期→________ vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
7．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式→___________ n．(美)输送/运；运输工具
global
industrial
extinction
solution
electricity
recycle
transportation
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．green living ________________
2．pick up litter ________________
3．use less tissue paper ________________
4．ocean pollution ________________
5．global warming ________________
6．use more public transport ____________________
绿色生活
捡起垃圾
少用纸巾
海洋污染
全球变暖
更多地使用公共交通工具
7．increase one's awareness of ________________
8．recycle used batteries ________________
9．live a low carbon life ________________
10．personal understanding ________________
11．interfere with ________________
12．It deserves to do... ________________
提高某人对……的意识
回收废电池
过低碳生活
切身体会
干预、阻挠，妨碍
值得做……
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 工业废料
2．________________ 动物/植物灭绝
3．________________ 减少污染
4．________________________ 节约能源/水/纸/资源
5．________________ 少用电
industrial waste
animal/plant extinction
reduce pollution
save energy/water/paper/resources
use less electricity
6．________________ 与……和谐共存
7．________________________ 保持……与……的平衡
8．________________ 尽自己所能做某事
9．________________ 住在公寓里
10．________________ 对抗，抵抗
live in harmony with
maintain the balance between... and...
do one's part for sth.
live in a flat
fight against
第一版块|核心单词
1)solution n．解决办法；答案，谜底，溶液 solve vt.解决；解答 )
a solution to... ……的解决办法；……的答案/谜底(to是介词)
make a solution by mixing salt with water 把盐和水混合成溶液
the best solution 最好的解决办法
put forward a solution 提出解决办法
come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决办法
remain to be solved 留待解决
solve all of the problems 解决所有问题
She proposed a possible solution to the mystery.
她提出了对这个奥秘的一种可能的解答。
Faced with a number of problems, he managed to solve them one by one.面对许多问题，他设法一个一个地解决了。
[拓展] 常见的“n.＋to”结构：
the key to... ……的关键
the way to... 去……的路
the entrance to... ……的入口
the answer to... ……的答案
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I had already taken steps to speed up a solution ________ the problem.
②The ________ (solve), of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
③Have you ________ (solve) all the problems
④They tried ________ (solution) the economic crisis.
to
solution
solved
to solve
2)transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播)
(教材原句)use less electricity/more public transport
少用电/多使用公共交通工具
transport...(from...)to... 把……(从……)运往……
air/rail/road transport 空中/铁路/公路运输
public transport 公共交通，公共交通工具
transport system 运输系统
have one's own transport 有自己的交通工具
means of transport/transportation 运输方式；运输工具
transport one's mind away 转移某人的注意力
The future of public transport is not in question.
公共交通的未来发展是不容置疑的。
The transport of goods by air is very expensive.
空运货物费用很贵。
Those passengers were transported by a Boeing 747 from Beijing to Haikou.
那批旅客是用波音747飞机从北京运送到海口的。
Flies transport different kinds of diseases.
苍蝇传播各种不同的疾病。
[易混比较]
·transport指“运输”的行为或“交通工具”；
·traffic指路上的行人和车辆，如heavy traffic拥挤的交通。
We recommend that you travel by public transport.
我们建议您乘坐公共交通工具出行。
We ran into heavy traffic near the airport.
我们在机场附近遇到了堵车。
[拓展]
transportation n．运输；运输工具；运输系统
The Panama Canal has played a very important role in transportation．
巴拿马运河在运输上起到了非常重要的作用。
My husband is using my car，so I have no means of transportation．
我丈夫在用我的车，所以我没有交通工具。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Guests ____________ (transport) to the top of the hill via bus last Sunday.
②The building of the bridge is very important for the ________ (transport) between the two towns.
③Water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot ________ (transport) from one side of the world to the other.
④The statue was transported ________ a London exhibition.
were transported
transportation
be transported
to
完成句子
⑤We needed to get to London but we ___________________________
(没有任何交通工具).
⑥________________________________(高效智能的交通系统) is critical to the long term future of London.
had no means of transport/transportation
An efficient and intelligent transport system
3)recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用)
(教材原句)recycle used batteries回收废电池
recycle waste 回收废弃物
recycle waste paper 回收废纸
recycled paper 再生纸(过去分语作定语)
recycling bin 回收站；资源回收箱
You can't recycle your wasted time.
你无法回收利用你浪费掉的时间。
The ecological system can recycle by itself.
生态系统本身就可以循环。
[说明]
前缀re 表示“再，重新”： review vt.复习；回顾
rebuild vt.重建 rewrite vt.重写
reappear v．再现 retell vt.复述
[拓展]
recycling n．回收利用
How does recycling help the environment
回收是如何改善环境的？
The recycling of paper is a good way to save resources.
回收利用纸是节约资源的一个好方法。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Water is one of the great examples of how Earth ________ (recycle).
②Governments are realising that ________ (recycle) may not be enough.
③The shop stocks everything from cigarettes to ________ (recycle) paper.
④Today, almost all plastic bottles ________ (recycle) in that country.
⑤To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more and more governments are requiring people ________ (recycle) materials.
recycles
recycling
recycled
are recycled
to recycle
完成句子
⑥We should try to ___________________ (把所有废纸回收再利用).
recycle all our waste paper
4)harmony n．和谐；协调)
(教材原句)To me, green living is about living in harmony with nature.对我来说，绿色生活就是与自然和谐相处。
in harmony with 与……协调/一致
in harmony 协调一致(相符合)
out of harmony with 与……不协调；与……不一致
world/colour harmony 世界和谐/色彩协调
Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
The couple live in perfect harmony.这对夫妇生活十分和睦。
The violin was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.小提琴拉得与其他乐器不协调。
[拓展]
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；和谐的；协调的
Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
他们和谐的关系部分源于他们相似的目标。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should protect wild animals from being harmed and live in harmony ________ them.
②The red sofa is out of harmony ________ the purple wall.
③Only in this way can we live ________ harmony with nature.
④So she felt greatly fortunate to live in such a ________ (harmony) community.
完成句子
⑤Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is ________________________ (与自然和谐相处).
with
with
in
harmonious
to live in harmony with nature
5)balance n．平衡；平衡能力；天平；结欠；余额 v．收支平衡；使……保持平衡；权衡)
(教材原句)maintaining the balance between human and nature 保持人与自然的平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
out of balance 失去平衡
off balance 站不稳，失去平衡
in the balance 悬而未决
on balance 总的来说
I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.
我觉得在结冰的小路上保持身体平衡是相当困难的。
In my opinion，we should keep a balance between amusement and study or work.
在我看来，我们应该保持娱乐和学习与工作之间的平衡。
On balance，the company has had a successful year.
总的来说，公司这一年业绩很好。
The cutting down of many trees will have a very bad effect on the balance of nature.
砍伐许多树木会对自然界的平衡产生非常坏的影响。
balance the national economy 使国民经济保持平衡
balance the advantages against the disadvantages 权衡利弊
balance one's accounts 使收支平衡
balance in power 势均力敌
The company's accounts did not balance.
公司的账目收支不平衡。
When you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.
你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。
[搭配] a good sense of balance良好的平衡感
the balance of nature自然界的平衡
psychological imbalances心理失衡
[拓展]
balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的；平稳的
imbalance n．失衡；不平衡；不公平
If you put on another one pound weight，the scale can be balanced．
如果你再放上一个一磅的砝码，这个秤就能平衡。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The long term future of the space programme hangs ________ the balance.
②We balance the benefits ________ the costs of medical insurance.
③It makes sense to eat a reasonably ________ (balance) diet when slimming.
in
against
balanced
④When more males are born than females, there is a population ________ (balance).
⑤________ balance, biotechnology should be good news for developing countries.
⑥It's very important to keep ________ balance between making and spending money.
imbalance
On
a
完成句子
⑦The girl ________________ (失去了平衡)and fell off the balance beam.
⑧Horse riders need ________________ (良好的平衡感).
⑨It's important for everyone to go on ________________ (均衡饮食).
⑩He ____________________________ (把去山里旅行与……作了比较)the chance of a summer job.
lost her balance
a good sense of balance
a balanced diet
balanced a trip to the mountains against
6)flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的；扁平的；无趣的；单调的；断然的；瘪了的；撒了气的 adv.(尤指贴着另一表面)平直地；直截了当地)
(教材原句)Why doesn't the woman like living in a flat
为什么这位女士不喜欢住在公寓里？
a two bedroom flat 带两间卧室的公寓
a block of flat 一幢公寓楼
share a flat with sb. 同某人合住一套公寓
a flat roof 平屋顶
a flat screen 平面屏幕
be flat as a pancake 非常平坦
a flat tyre 一个瘪了的轮胎
be/lie flat on one's back 仰面平躺
flat out 以最快速度，以全速
fall flat 直挺挺地躺下；完全失败，根本未达到预期效果
a flat refusal 断然拒绝
She bought a flat close to her office.
她购买了一套靠近她办公室的公寓。
In the flat open countryside there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.
在开阔平坦的乡村地区有大量的青草供牛群食用。
After the excitement was over，she felt flat.
令人兴奋的事过后，她感到兴味索然。
Her request was met with a flat refusal.
她的请求被断然拒绝。
She lay flat on her back in the warm sunshine.
她在温暖的阳光下平躺着。
My boss told me flat that I could not leave early.
我的老板明确地告诉我我不能早走。
[比较] flat/apartment
flat指比较简朴的住宅，通常占有不大或不很讲究的楼内某一层，多用于英式英语中；
apartment通常指单房，复数形式时指套房，也可指私人房或出租房，有无设备均可，多用在美式英语中。
[即学即练] 写出句中flat的词性及词义
①Her voice was flat and expressionless.________________
②One vehicle with a flat tyre can bring the motorway to a standstill.________________
③He turned down the suggestion flat.________________
形容词，单调的
形容词，瘪了的
副词，直截了当地
完成句子
④People used to think that ________________ (地球是扁平的).
⑤His answer was equal to ________________ (断然拒绝).
⑥I was so unlucky that I got __________________ (爆胎) on my way home.
⑦Sara lives with her husband and children ____________________ (在伦敦中心城区的一套公寓里).
⑧__________________ (他对……感到索然无味) the English Corner, because the foreign teacher was absent.
the earth was flat
a flat refusal
a flat tyre
in a flat in central London
He felt flat about
第二版块|重要短语
1)for instance 例如(＝for example))
(教材原句)．..which may cause different kinds of environmental problems, for instance...
……这可能会导致不同类型的环境问题，例如……
in this instance 在这种情况下；就这个情况而言
an instance where/when... ……的例子/实例
in the first instance 第一步，首先
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in Europe, for instance.
例如，欧洲的年轻劳动力可能会大幅减少。
In India, for instance, most people traditionally eat with their hands.例如，在印度，大多数人历来用手抓饭吃。
In the first instance, a letter from your employer may be all you need.首先，你所需要的或许只是雇主写的一封信。
It is not always helpful to draw analogies, but in this instance it is useful.
进行类比并非总能有所帮助，但在这种情况下还是有用的。
This is one of the few instances where the director does not succeed.这是这位导演少数不成功的作品之一。
I can't think of a single instance when mother was unfair.我想不出一个事例能说明母亲是不公正的。
[比较] for instance/such as
for instance与such as均可用于表示举例，有时可互换。
·for instance用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末，需要用逗号跟句子隔开。
·such as用于举例时，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，总是跟在被说明的内容之后，不能独立成句，也不能用于句首或句末，其后也不能用逗号。
[提示] 用instance where 和instance when 的基本区别是：若将instance看作“地点”，则通常用instance where；若将instance看作“时间”，则通常用instance when。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ instance, two female astronauts in China have boarded the space station.
②Ball games, ________ example, have spread around the world.
③This is an instance ________ he is wrong.
For
for
where
完成句子
④____________ (在这种情况下), you must follow the teacher's advice.
选词填空：for instance/such as
⑤After school, we can do various activities, ________ swimming, playing football and running.
⑥Offices can easily become more environment friendly by，________， using recycled paper.
In this instance
such as
for instance
2)do one's part for sth.尽自己所能做某事(＝do one's bit for sth.))
(教材原句)doing my part for the environment
为环境尽我的一份力
play a part in 参加，参与
have a part to play (in...) (在……中)发挥作用
play one's full part in 全力参与……
take an active part (in) 积极参加
want no part of sth. 不想参与某事
in large part/for the most part 多半，在很大程度上；在大多数地方
be (a) part of 是……的一部分
I'll do my part for the school sports meeting.
我将为学校运动会尽我的一份力量。
No one can say Mary didn't do her part/bit.
没人可以说玛丽没有尽其职责。
Your parents' personalities also play a part in how they'll react.你父母的性格也会对他们如何反应有影响。
We all have a part to play in the fight against crime.
打击犯罪，我们大家都有一份责任。
His brother plays his full part in the project.
他的兄弟在这项工程中发挥了全部作用。
I advise you to take an active part in sports and social activities.我建议你积极参加体育活动和社会活动。
The contributors are，for the most part，professional scientists.投稿者大多是专业科学家。
Commuting is a part of daily life for many people.
乘车上下班是许多人日常生活的一部分。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You must do your part ________ the growth of your children.
②I am sick of that and I want no part ________ it.
③Exercise has a major part ________ (play) in preventing diseases.
④________ the most part he left the books to his managers and accountants.
⑤These days work plays an important part ________ a single woman's life.
⑥Only if you take ________ active part in physical activity will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
for
of
to play
For
in
an
完成句子
⑦There is no denying that the Internet ___________________________
(扮演着越来越重要的角色)in our life and work.
plays a more and more important part
(3)end with 以……结束
(教材原句)Finally，the exhibition ends with a summary about what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life.最后，展览结束时总结了我们个人认为我们应该做些什么来引领绿色生活。
end up 结果为……，以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事告终(此处可理解为现在分词作方式状语)
end up with 以……结束(后接表具体事物的名词，反义短语：begin/start with)
end up in 以……结束(后接表抽象概念的名词及地点名词)
end up as 最终成为……(后接表职位或身份的名词)
end in 以……结束/告终
The letter ended with a personal request.
这封信以一个私人的请求结束。
[比较]
·end with 以……结束(无感彩，只是用于描述某事以……结束)
The evening ended with a reading from her latest novel.
晚会最后朗诵了一段她的最新小说。
·end up with 以……结束(结果往往与自己当初的设想不一样)
The film ended up with the heroine dead.
电影结束时，女主角去世了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A dinner may start with soup and end ________ nuts.
②At last I ended up ________ (hit) the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether.
③Anyone who swims in the river could end up ________ a stomach upset.
④After constant efforts，he finally ended up ________ the manager of the company.
with
hitting
with
as
完成句子
⑤He studied very hard and this term _________________ (以满分结束).
⑥He studied very hard but this term ________________ (以失败结束).
ended with full marks
ended up with failure
4)prefer to do更喜欢做；宁愿做)
(教材原句)I prefer to have a garden because I like being close to nature.我更喜欢有一个花园，因为我喜欢亲近大自然。
We mostly prefer to say yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
我们通常更喜欢答应我们所认识并喜欢的人的请求。
We can eat out if you like，but I would prefer to stay in.
如果你愿意，我们可以出去吃饭，但是我更愿意在家吃。
prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
prefer doing...(to doing...) 宁愿做……(而不愿做……)
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer that sb.(should) do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
＝would rather do...than do...
＝would do...rather than do...
这个男孩宁愿把玩具拆开也不愿把它扔掉。
The boy prefers to take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
＝The boy would rather take the toy apart than throw it away.
＝The boy would take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
[拓展] (1)prefer在变过去式、过去分词及现在分词时须双写r。
preferred—preferred—preferring
(2)prefer本身已具有比较意味，相当于like...better，因此不能再与better, more等词连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boss prefers ________ (reduce) the sales rather than cut the costs.
②Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers ________ (stay) longer and spend.
③That is why fish prefer shallow water ________ deep water because the former is warmer.
④I prefer ________ (earn) my own living to ________ (take) charge of my father's company.
＝I prefer ________ (earn) my own living rather than ________ (take) charge of my father's company.
to reduce
to stay
to
earning
taking
to earn
take
完成句子
⑤I prefer ____________________________________ (你待在家里) and do nothing.
⑥I prefer __________________ (骑自行车去上学) to by bus.
you to stay at home/that you (should) stay at home
going to school by bike
5)need to be done需要被做(＝need doing)(主语通常是物))
(教材原句)Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.
气候变化是一个可怕的问题，绝对需要解决。
This shirt needs to be washed.
＝This shirt needs washing.
这件衬衣该洗了。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The machine is broken down, and it needs ________________ (repair).
②When you need ________ (talk) to someone, don't do it in your own office.
③We needn't ________ (hurry) with our meeting.
④The weather is too hot. We don't need ________ (go) shopping.
to be repaired/repairing
to talk
hurry
to go
6)deserve to do值得做)
(教材原句)It deserves to be a huge priority.
这理应是优先考虑的事情。
deserve consideration 值得考虑
deserve to win 该赢
deserve a medal 应获得奖牌
It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。
[说明] deserve表示“值得”时后接doing，用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动语态，即deserve doing＝deserve to be done，类似的动词还有need, require, want(需要)等。
He's a responsible writer, and he deserves respecting/to be respected.
他是个有责任感的作家，理应受人尊重。
[翻译] 他需要批评了。
[拓展]
He deserves punishing.
＝He deserves to be punished.
＝He deserves punishment.
他罪有应得。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She has been working hard, so she deserves ________ (succeed).
②The story once again tells us that one good turn ________ (deserve) another.
③E waste deserves ________ (make) good use of.
④His music deserved ____________ (preserve) in the family.
完成句子
⑤The athletes' performance in the competition ____________________
_______________________ (值得表扬).
to succeed
deserves
to be made
to be preserved
deserves praising/deserves to be praised/deserves the praise
第三版块|典型句式
1)as if 引导方式状语从句(as if ＝as though))
(教材原句)We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.我们使用资源时就好像我们有两个地球而不是一个似的。
[句式分析]
(1)as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if 引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句谓语构成如下：
·与现在事实不符：过去式(be用were)
·与过去事实不符：过去完成式(be用had been)
·与将来事实不符：would/could/might＋be/do
He looks at me as if I were mad.他瞧着我仿佛我疯了似的。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。
He talks gladly as if/though he would be our monitor.
他高兴地谈论着，好像要成为我们的班长似的。
(2)look/seem/feel＋as if引导的表语从句
as if引导的表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)
She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.
她看起来好像又回到了她的童年时代。(虚拟语气)
[拓展]
as if 引导的从句有时用省略形式，as if ＋名词/分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.
她站在门口，好像在等人。
She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if (she was) to thank him for it.
她把手轻轻地放在他的胳膊上，好像要为此表示感谢。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Li Ming speaks English as though he ________ (be) an American.
②They look as if they ________ (not care).
③He closed his eyes as if ____________ (fall in sleep).
④They completely ignore these facts as if they never ________ (exist).
⑤That boy walked into the restaurant as if he ________ (not see) food for a week.
⑥She looked at me as if I ________ (be) a stranger.
were
didn't care
to fall in sleep
existed
hadn't seen
had been
完成句子
⑦He opens his mouth as if __________________ (要说话).
⑧This meat tastes as if ____________ (已经坏了).
⑨It seems as if __________________ (将有个选举)soon.
(he is) to speak something
it has gone bad
there will be an election
(2)leave＋宾语＋宾补 让……处于……（某种状态）
(教材原句)not to leave the tap running不要让龙头开着
[句式分析]
该结构主要有以下几种形式：
例：leave her waiting outside让她在外面等着
leave the window fastened 关紧窗户
leave her to find her own way home让她自己回家
leave him an orphan让他成了孤儿
leave the door open让门开着
leave the light on 让灯开着
leave the bird in the cage让鸟待在笼子里
leave the chair where it is把椅子留在原处
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Southbank is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ________ (ring).
②They put some rice into a pot of water and left it ________ (boil) while they made the French toast.
③They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________ (expose).
ringing
to boil
exposed
④It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases ________ the hallway.
in
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Switch off the ________ (电)before you attempt any repair even if you are professional.
2．Anyone needing ________ (运输方式)should not hesitate to ring me.
3．The family live in a ground floor ________ (公寓) next to an opera theatre.
4．Polluted air that is a mixture of smoke and fog is called ________ (雾霾)，which affects people's visual sense and health.
electricity
transport
flat
smog
5．I like to swim in the ________ (海洋) when it's warm enough, which is joyous.
6．A ________ (沙漠)is a large area of land with few plants and little water, where the weather is always dry.
7．When the red light comes on, you should recharge the ________ (电池).
8．The plant material itself is converted to black ________ (碳).
ocean
desert
battery
carbon
Ⅱ.短语填空
do your part for, increase people's awareness of, live in harmony with, pick up, fight against
1．They ____________ the enemy fiercely, struggling to defeat them.
2．The campaign aims to _______________________the dangers of passive smoking, which is threatening their health.
3．You should ____________ the task and get a better score.
fought against
increase people's awareness of
do your part for
4．The little girl ____________ a wallet on the road and didn't hesitate to hand it to the teacher.
5．Deep in the Amazon Rainforest, there are some mysterious tribes _________________ nature.
picked up
living in harmony with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We passed through several ________ (desert) villages whose inhabitants had fled.
2．On average, paper bags contain 35 percent ________ (recycle) paper.
3．You should continue to lead a healthy life, such as eating a ________ (balance) diet, taking exercise and keeping warm.
4．Your suggestion about the advertisement deserves _______________
_________ (consider).
deserted
recycled
balanced
to be considered
/considering
5．On a ________ (globe) scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.
6．Some western countries are advanced ________ (industry) societies and they have come into a developed stage.
7．They made plans to save the minor industry from ________ (extinct).
8．The committee has failed to come up with any ________ (solve) for the crisis, leading the meeting to a failure.
global
industrial
extinction
solutions
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她总是以我姐姐的语气跟我说话。(as if从句)
___________________________________________________________
2．他走得很慢，好像腿受伤了。(as if从句)
___________________________________________________________
3．我可以把鞋子放在这里吗？(leave＋宾语＋副词作宾补)
___________________________________________________________
She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
May I leave my shoes here
4．他有时会把雨伞落在火车上。(leave＋宾语＋介词短语作宾补)
___________________________________________________________
5．你应该委托律师去解决那个问题．(leave＋宾语＋to do作宾补)
___________________________________________________________
He sometimes leaves his umbrella on the train.
You should leave the lawyer to settle the problem.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．S________ is air pollution that is a mixture of smoke and fog in mid air.
2．Some shark species are now in danger of e________ due to serious pollution of the ocean.
3．The town is without ________ (电) and the water supply has been cut off.
Smog
extinction
electricity
4．The government calls on people to get around by using public ________ (交通工具).
5．Unfortunately, they lost their way in the ________ (沙漠) and finally died of thirst.
transport
desert
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．The next step is ________ (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
2．Environmental pollution has become a ________ (globe) issue and we must consider it seriously.
3．The pencils are made from ________ (recycle) paper. When you sharpen them, they turn into colorful paper shavings (碎屑).
to make
global
recycled
4．He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a ________ (balance) diet.
5．The teacher asked me to think of a better solution ________ the problem.
6．Rapid ________ (industry) growth makes new demands on science and technology.
balanced
to
industrial
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
do one's part for (sth.), increase one's awareness of, live in harmony with, end with, maintain the balance between...and...
1．I wanted to ____________ shaping a better world.
2．Our English evening began with a dance and ____________ a song.
3．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to _______________ nature.
do my part for
ended with
live in harmony with
4．These children always eat junk food and dislike eating fruit and vegetables, so it is important to _____________________ a healthy diet.
5．For the protection of the ecological environment, it is necessary to adopt clean mining (采矿) technology so as to __________________ energy production _____ ecology.
increase their awareness of
maintain the balance between
and
Ⅳ.完成句子(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．他英语讲得好极了，好像在英国生活了很多年一样。
He speaks English perfectly ___________________________ for many years.
2．我认为扩大你的词汇量的最好方法是读英文小说。(way, enlarge)
I think _____________________________ is reading English novels.
3．学生必须学会在学习和娱乐之间取得平衡。(balance)
Students must learn to ____________________________________．
as if/though he had lived in England
the best way to enlarge your vocabulary
strike a balance between study and entertainment
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551—479 B．C.), and Socrates (469—399 B．C.) lived only a hundred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential (潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph？( )
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common.
B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates' ideas.
C.The societies were influenced by the philosophers' ideas.
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句“...and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.”可知C项正确。
2．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________．( )
A．all men were equal when they were born
B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not do to others what they did not want others to do to them
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.”可以判断。
3．What made some people different from others according to Confucius？( )
A．Family. B．Potential.
C．Knowledge. D．Community.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“...and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。
4．This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.( )
A．time and events
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect
D．definition and classification
答案：B
解析：篇章结构题。文章的整篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。
B
The first CCTV (closed circuit television) cameras appeared in Britain in 1953, and by the 1960s there were already a few cameras in major streets in London. Today, there are more than four million CCTV cameras across the country.
That's one camera for every fourteen people. The cameras are there to film dangerous or illegal behaviour. With new software, they can recognise the faces of known criminals, and a new kind of CCTV in the Netherlands can discover angry voices and warn the police of trouble. But these cameras don't just watch criminals; they watch all of us, almost all of the time. Every time we go into a shop, or use a cash machine, or travel on public transport, a camera records our actions.
The amount of surveillance (监视) in towns and cities across Britain is increasing. Some goods in shops now have RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags (标签) stuck on them. When you pick up one of these things, the RFID tag sends a radio message to a CCTV camera and the camera starts filming you. Shops say that this technology helps to catch shoplifters—but only by treating everybody as a possible criminal.
Cameras and tags are not the only ways of monitoring (监视) our actions. Every time you make or receive a call on your mobile phone, the phone company knows the number of the phone you are calling and how long the call lasts. It is even possible to work out your exact location.
And what about satellites (卫星) Are they watching us from space How much can they see Anybody with a computer can download Google Earth and get satellite photos of the entire world.
Even when you are at home, you are not necessarily safe from surveillance. When you use your computer to visit websites, you are probably sending and receiving cookies without realising it. Cookies move information from your computer to the website and record which websites you visit. Modern technology is making it easier and easier to stay in touch, but it is also making it nearly impossible for us to hide.
5．What are CCTV cameras mainly used to do？( )
A．To film street crime.
B．To warn the police of trouble.
C．To record everybody's actions.
D．To educate people on safety.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“these cameras don't just watch criminals; they watch all of us, almost all of the time.”和“Every time we...a camera records our actions.”可知，闭路电视摄像机主要用于记录每个人的行为。
6．CCTV cameras receive a message from RFID tags when ________.( )
A．a thing is stolen
B．the cameras start filming
C．somebody goes into the shop
D．a thing with the tag is picked up
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When you pick up one of these things, the RFID tag sends a radio message to a CCTV camera and the camera starts filming you”可知，贴有RFID标签的东西一旦被拿起，闭路电视摄像机就会接收到无线电信息。
7．According to Paragraph 5, what can satellites be called？( )
A．Earth helpers.
B．Stars in space.
C．Eyes in the sky.
D．Google photographers.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由上文介绍闭路电视摄像机和RFID标签的功能都是为了监控人们的行为，和本段提及卫星所说的“Are they watching us from space How much can they see？”以及“satellite photos of the entire world”可知，因为能拍到整个地球，因此卫星也可以被叫做天眼。
8．What's the best title for the text？( )
A．Somebody Is Watching You
B．Technology Is Changing Our Lives
C．The Camera Is Being Used Everywhere
D．The World Is Becoming a Safer Place to Live in
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章先是介绍闭路电视摄像机的功能“records our actions”，再介绍手机公司对移动电话的监控，接着又提及卫星可以拍摄全球范围内的照片和电脑网络时刻记录用户行踪，最后总结“Modern technology... making it nearly impossible for us to hide.”由此可知，现代科技使得人们无处躲藏，因为时刻都在被监视。故A项作标题符合本文主旨。
Ⅵ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Handwriting can create or break the first impression. If your handwriting is difficult for others to read, you will sometimes feel embarrassed. 1(____). It needs lots of practice to improve your handwriting.
2(____). Try each of them out on a piece of paper by signing your name. Find out which type of pen you can write best with. You may be amazed at the change in your handwriting just by changing to another pen.
3(____). Do not just do what feels comfortable because that is just your old bad habit coming back. Try to hold the pen lightly and don't press too hard.
Use your chosen pen to write Os on some pieces of lined paper. Write until you have filled up all the lines. Be careful with each O that you write. 4(____). Practice writing Os as much as possible. Remember that practice makes perfect. You may practice for weeks or months if you need to. 5(____).
As your handwriting shows some signs of improvement, go ahead and keep on practicing by writing more words.
A．Prepare different types of pens
B．Practice holding your pen in different ways
C．However, a bad writing habit is hard to break
D．Choose a type of pen with which you write best
E.It won't help if you write a lot of careless Os on the paper
F.Two to three months' practice is enough to get good handwriting
G．After you are confident in your Os, do the same thing with your name
1．答案：C
解析：C选项意为“然而，不好的书写习惯很难改变”，与空后的“It needs lots of practice to improve your handwriting.”存在逻辑上的衔接。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：根据后面的“Try each of... your name.”可知，此处表示要准备好不同的笔。故选A。
3．答案：B
解析：根据后面的“Try to hold the pen lightly and don't press too hard.”可知，此处表达的是要练习不同的握笔方法。故选B。
4．答案：E
解析：E选项意为“如果你很漫不经心地在纸上写很多O，这是没有帮助的”，与空前的“Be careful with each O that you write”存在逻辑上的衔接。故选E。
5．答案：G
解析：根据空前的“You may practice for weeks or months if you need to”可知，此处表示当你写O很有信心以后再练习写名字。故选G。
Ⅶ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I was told that the movie 1.________ (make) by the famous director would be a hit. I had been longing for it.
Yesterday, I 2.________ (give) two tickets for it. I got dressed beautifully and went to the movie theatre downtown. This was my first time to be in an American movie theatre, and several things that seemed unusual to me happened. First, I was surprised that people were eating during the movie. Usually, popcorn, candy and soda water 3.________ (sell) in the theatre.
Such things can hardly 4. ________ (see) in my homeland. However, they 5.________ (sell) well in the US, and young people love eating them. I don't understand why people buy food to eat during the movie. Also, before the movie was shown, a lot of people were talking. But as soon as the movie got 6. ________ (start), everyone became quiet. Another unusual thing was that at the end of the movie, nobody applauded. While the credits were 7.________ (show), people were leaving. It was also strange to me that popcorn boxes and candy wrappers 8.________ (leave) on the floor of the theatre.
I was also surprised that the movie theatre was so small and narrow. I 9.________ (tell) that the theatre was big at one time. But it 10.________ (divide) into several small theatres so that several movies could be shown at the same time. It was said that more money could be made in that way.
1．答案：made
解析：考查非谓语动词。the movie与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填make的过去分词形式。
2．答案：was given
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。主语I与give之间是动宾关系，而且这是回忆昨天的事，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。
3．答案：are sold
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。本空在句中作谓语。主语是“popcorn，candy and soda water”，动词sell与主语之间是动宾关系，且此处表示习惯性的行为，应用一般现在时，故填are sold。
4．答案：be seen
解析：考查动词的语态。see与主语things之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。情态动词can后面跟动词原形，故填be seen。
5．答案：sell
解析：考查动词的时态。sell与副词well，badly等连用时，表示销售的情况，用主动形式表达被动意义。此处表示一般的情况，故用一般现在时。
6．答案：started
解析：考查形容词。got started在此意为“开始”。
7．答案：being shown
解析：考查动词的语态。此处表示当片尾字幕被放映时，人们就开始离开了。空处表示正在进行的被动动作，故填being shown。
8．答案：were left
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词leave与主语“popcorn boxes and candy wrappers”之间是动宾关系，且根据前面的was可知此处应用一般过去时，故填were left。
9．答案：was told
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词tell与主语I之间是动宾关系，且此处表示过去的事情，故填was told。
10．答案：was divided
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词divide与主语it之间是动宾关系，且此处表示过去的事情，故填was divided。Section A Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 沙漠
2．____________ n. 龙头；阀门
3．____________ n. 纸巾
4．____________ n. 海洋，大海
5．____________ n. 雾霾
6．____________ n. 电池
7．____________ n. 碳
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．globe n．地球；地球仪；球状物→________ adj.全球的，全世界的
2．industry n．工业→________ adj.工业的
3．extinct adj.已灭绝的；绝种的→________ n．灭绝
4．solve v．解决→________ n．解决办法
5．electric adj.电的，用电的→________ n．电
6．cycle n．循环；周期→________ vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
7．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式→________ n．(美)输送/运；运输工具
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．green living ________________
2．pick up litter ________________
3．use less tissue paper ________________
4．ocean pollution ________________
5．global warming ________________
6．use more public transport ________________
7．increase one's awareness of ________________
8．recycle used batteries ________________
9．live a low carbon life ________________
10．personal understanding ________________
11．interfere with ________________
12．It deserves to do... ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 工业废料
2．________________ 动物/植物灭绝
3．________________ 减少污染
4．________________ 节约能源/水/纸/资源
5．________________ 少用电
6．________________ 与……和谐共存
7．________________ 保持……与……的平衡
8．________________ 尽自己所能做某事
9．________________ 住在公寓里
10．________________ 对抗，抵抗
第一版块|核心单词
1)solution n．解决办法；答案，谜底，溶液 solve vt.解决；解答 )
a solution to... ……的解决办法；……的答案/谜底(to是介词)
make a solution by mixing salt with water 把盐和水混合成溶液
the best solution 最好的解决办法
put forward a solution 提出解决办法
come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决办法
remain to be solved 留待解决
solve all of the problems 解决所有问题
She proposed a possible solution to the mystery.
她提出了对这个奥秘的一种可能的解答。
Faced with a number of problems, he managed to solve them one by one.面对许多问题，他设法一个一个地解决了。
[拓展] 常见的“n.＋to”结构：
the key to... ……的关键
the way to... 去……的路
the entrance to... ……的入口
the answer to... ……的答案
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I had already taken steps to speed up a solution ________ the problem.
②The ________ (solve), of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
③Have you ________ (solve) all the problems
④They tried ________ (solution) the economic crisis.
2)transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播)
(教材原句)use less electricity/more public transport
少用电/多使用公共交通工具
transport...(from...)to... 把……(从……)运往……
air/rail/road transport 空中/铁路/公路运输
public transport 公共交通，公共交通工具
transport system 运输系统
have one's own transport 有自己的交通工具
means of transport/transportation 运输方式；运输工具
transport one's mind away 转移某人的注意力
The future of public transport is not in question.
公共交通的未来发展是不容置疑的。
The transport of goods by air is very expensive.
空运货物费用很贵。
Those passengers were transported by a Boeing 747 from Beijing to Haikou.
那批旅客是用波音747飞机从北京运送到海口的。
Flies transport different kinds of diseases.
苍蝇传播各种不同的疾病。
[易混比较]
·transport指“运输”的行为或“交通工具”；
·traffic指路上的行人和车辆，如heavy traffic拥挤的交通。
We recommend that you travel by public transport.
我们建议您乘坐公共交通工具出行。
We ran into heavy traffic near the airport.
我们在机场附近遇到了堵车。
[拓展]
transportation n．运输；运输工具；运输系统
The Panama Canal has played a very important role in transportation．
巴拿马运河在运输上起到了非常重要的作用。
My husband is using my car，so I have no means of transportation．
我丈夫在用我的车，所以我没有交通工具。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Guests ________ (transport) to the top of the hill via bus last Sunday.
②The building of the bridge is very important for the ________ (transport) between the two towns.
③Water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot ________ (transport) from one side of the world to the other.
④The statue was transported ________ a London exhibition.
完成句子
⑤We needed to get to London but we ______________ (没有任何交通工具).
⑥________________(高效智能的交通系统) is critical to the long term future of London.
3)recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用)
(教材原句)recycle used batteries回收废电池
recycle waste 回收废弃物
recycle waste paper 回收废纸
recycled paper 再生纸(过去分语作定语)
recycling bin 回收站；资源回收箱
You can't recycle your wasted time.
你无法回收利用你浪费掉的时间。
The ecological system can recycle by itself.
生态系统本身就可以循环。
[说明]
前缀re 表示“再，重新”： review vt.复习；回顾
rebuild vt.重建 rewrite vt.重写
reappear v．再现 retell vt.复述
[拓展]
recycling n．回收利用
How does recycling help the environment
回收是如何改善环境的？
The recycling of paper is a good way to save resources.
回收利用纸是节约资源的一个好方法。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Water is one of the great examples of how Earth ________ (recycle).
②Governments are realising that ________ (recycle) may not be enough.
③The shop stocks everything from cigarettes to ________ (recycle) paper.
④Today, almost all plastic bottles ________ (recycle) in that country.
⑤To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more and more governments are requiring people ________ (recycle) materials.
完成句子
⑥We should try to ________________ (把所有废纸回收再利用).
4)harmony n．和谐；协调)
(教材原句)To me, green living is about living in harmony with nature.对我来说，绿色生活就是与自然和谐相处。
in harmony with 与……协调/一致
in harmony 协调一致(相符合)
out of harmony with 与……不协调；与……不一致
world/colour harmony 世界和谐/色彩协调
Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
The couple live in perfect harmony.这对夫妇生活十分和睦。
The violin was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.小提琴拉得与其他乐器不协调。
[拓展]
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；和谐的；协调的
Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
他们和谐的关系部分源于他们相似的目标。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should protect wild animals from being harmed and live in harmony ________ them.
②The red sofa is out of harmony ________ the purple wall.
③Only in this way can we live ________ harmony with nature.
④So she felt greatly fortunate to live in such a ________ (harmony) community.
完成句子
⑤Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is ________________ (与自然和谐相处).
5)balance n．平衡；平衡能力；天平；结欠；余额 v．收支平衡；使……保持平衡；权衡)
(教材原句)maintaining the balance between human and nature 保持人与自然的平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
out of balance 失去平衡
off balance 站不稳，失去平衡
in the balance 悬而未决
on balance 总的来说
I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.
我觉得在结冰的小路上保持身体平衡是相当困难的。
In my opinion，we should keep a balance between amusement and study or work.
在我看来，我们应该保持娱乐和学习与工作之间的平衡。
On balance，the company has had a successful year.
总的来说，公司这一年业绩很好。
The cutting down of many trees will have a very bad effect on the balance of nature.
砍伐许多树木会对自然界的平衡产生非常坏的影响。
balance the national economy 使国民经济保持平衡
balance the advantages against the disadvantages 权衡利弊
balance one's accounts 使收支平衡
balance in power 势均力敌
The company's accounts did not balance.
公司的账目收支不平衡。
When you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.
你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。
[搭配] a good sense of balance良好的平衡感
the balance of nature自然界的平衡
psychological imbalances心理失衡
[拓展]
balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的；平稳的
imbalance n．失衡；不平衡；不公平
If you put on another one pound weight，the scale can be balanced．
如果你再放上一个一磅的砝码，这个秤就能平衡。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The long term future of the space programme hangs ________ the balance.
②We balance the benefits ________ the costs of medical insurance.
③It makes sense to eat a reasonably ________ (balance) diet when slimming.
④When more males are born than females, there is a population ________ (balance).
⑤________ balance, biotechnology should be good news for developing countries.
⑥It's very important to keep ________ balance between making and spending money.
完成句子
⑦The girl ________________ (失去了平衡)and fell off the balance beam.
⑧Horse riders need ________________ (良好的平衡感).
⑨It's important for everyone to go on ________________ (均衡饮食).
⑩He __________________ (把去山里旅行与……作了比较)the chance of a summer job.
6)flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的；扁平的；无趣的；单调的；断然的；瘪了的；撒了气的 adv.(尤指贴着另一表面)平直地；直截了当地)
(教材原句)Why doesn't the woman like living in a flat
为什么这位女士不喜欢住在公寓里？
a two bedroom flat 带两间卧室的公寓
a block of flat 一幢公寓楼
share a flat with sb. 同某人合住一套公寓
a flat roof 平屋顶
a flat screen 平面屏幕
be flat as a pancake 非常平坦
a flat tyre 一个瘪了的轮胎
be/lie flat on one's back 仰面平躺
flat out 以最快速度，以全速
fall flat 直挺挺地躺下；完全失败，根本未达到预期效果
a flat refusal 断然拒绝
She bought a flat close to her office.
她购买了一套靠近她办公室的公寓。
In the flat open countryside there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.
在开阔平坦的乡村地区有大量的青草供牛群食用。
After the excitement was over，she felt flat.
令人兴奋的事过后，她感到兴味索然。
Her request was met with a flat refusal.
她的请求被断然拒绝。
She lay flat on her back in the warm sunshine.
她在温暖的阳光下平躺着。
My boss told me flat that I could not leave early.
我的老板明确地告诉我我不能早走。
[比较] flat/apartment
flat指比较简朴的住宅，通常占有不大或不很讲究的楼内某一层，多用于英式英语中；
apartment通常指单房，复数形式时指套房，也可指私人房或出租房，有无设备均可，多用在美式英语中。
[即学即练] 写出句中flat的词性及词义
①Her voice was flat and expressionless.________________
②One vehicle with a flat tyre can bring the motorway to a standstill.________________
③He turned down the suggestion flat.________________
完成句子
④People used to think that ________________ (地球是扁平的).
⑤His answer was equal to ________________ (断然拒绝).
⑥I was so unlucky that I got __________________ (爆胎) on my way home.
⑦Sara lives with her husband and children ________________ (在伦敦中心城区的一套公寓里).
⑧__________________ (他对……感到索然无味) the English Corner, because the foreign teacher was absent.
第二版块|重要短语
1)for instance 例如(＝for example))
(教材原句)．..which may cause different kinds of environmental problems, for instance...
……这可能会导致不同类型的环境问题，例如……
in this instance 在这种情况下；就这个情况而言
an instance where/when... ……的例子/实例
in the first instance 第一步，首先
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in Europe, for instance.
例如，欧洲的年轻劳动力可能会大幅减少。
In India, for instance, most people traditionally eat with their hands.例如，在印度，大多数人历来用手抓饭吃。
In the first instance, a letter from your employer may be all you need.首先，你所需要的或许只是雇主写的一封信。
It is not always helpful to draw analogies, but in this instance it is useful.
进行类比并非总能有所帮助，但在这种情况下还是有用的。
This is one of the few instances where the director does not succeed.这是这位导演少数不成功的作品之一。
I can't think of a single instance when mother was unfair.我想不出一个事例能说明母亲是不公正的。
[比较] for instance/such as
for instance与such as均可用于表示举例，有时可互换。
·for instance用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末，需要用逗号跟句子隔开。
·such as用于举例时，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，总是跟在被说明的内容之后，不能独立成句，也不能用于句首或句末，其后也不能用逗号。
[提示] 用instance where 和instance when 的基本区别是：若将instance看作“地点”，则通常用instance where；若将instance看作“时间”，则通常用instance when。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ instance, two female astronauts in China have boarded the space station.
②Ball games, ________ example, have spread around the world.
③This is an instance ________ he is wrong.
完成句子
④________________ (在这种情况下), you must follow the teacher's advice.
选词填空：for instance/such as
⑤After school, we can do various activities, ________ swimming, playing football and running.
⑥Offices can easily become more environment friendly by，________， using recycled paper.
2)do one's part for sth.尽自己所能做某事(＝do one's bit for sth.))
(教材原句)doing my part for the environment
为环境尽我的一份力
play a part in 参加，参与
have a part to play (in...) (在……中)发挥作用
play one's full part in 全力参与……
take an active part (in) 积极参加
want no part of sth. 不想参与某事
in large part/for the most part 多半，在很大程度上；在大多数地方
be (a) part of 是……的一部分
I'll do my part for the school sports meeting.
我将为学校运动会尽我的一份力量。
No one can say Mary didn't do her part/bit.
没人可以说玛丽没有尽其职责。
Your parents' personalities also play a part in how they'll react.你父母的性格也会对他们如何反应有影响。
We all have a part to play in the fight against crime.
打击犯罪，我们大家都有一份责任。
His brother plays his full part in the project.
他的兄弟在这项工程中发挥了全部作用。
I advise you to take an active part in sports and social activities.我建议你积极参加体育活动和社会活动。
The contributors are，for the most part，professional scientists.投稿者大多是专业科学家。
Commuting is a part of daily life for many people.
乘车上下班是许多人日常生活的一部分。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You must do your part ________ the growth of your children.
②I am sick of that and I want no part ________ it.
③Exercise has a major part ________ (play) in preventing diseases.
④________ the most part he left the books to his managers and accountants.
⑤These days work plays an important part ________ a single woman's life.
⑥Only if you take ________ active part in physical activity will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
完成句子
⑦There is no denying that the Internet ________________ (扮演着越来越重要的角色)in our life and work.
(3)end with 以……结束
(教材原句)Finally，the exhibition ends with a summary about what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life.最后，展览结束时总结了我们个人认为我们应该做些什么来引领绿色生活。
end up 结果为……，以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事告终(此处可理解为现在分词作方式状语)
end up with 以……结束(后接表具体事物的名词，反义短语：begin/start with)
end up in 以……结束(后接表抽象概念的名词及地点名词)
end up as 最终成为……(后接表职位或身份的名词)
end in 以……结束/告终
The letter ended with a personal request.
这封信以一个私人的请求结束。
[比较]
·end with 以……结束(无感彩，只是用于描述某事以……结束)
The evening ended with a reading from her latest novel.
晚会最后朗诵了一段她的最新小说。
·end up with 以……结束(结果往往与自己当初的设想不一样)
The film ended up with the heroine dead.
电影结束时，女主角去世了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A dinner may start with soup and end ________ nuts.
②At last I ended up ________ (hit) the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether.
③Anyone who swims in the river could end up ________ a stomach upset.
④After constant efforts，he finally ended up ________ the manager of the company.
完成句子
⑤He studied very hard and this term ____________________ (以满分结束).
⑥He studied very hard but this term __________________ (以失败结束).
4)prefer to do更喜欢做；宁愿做)
(教材原句)I prefer to have a garden because I like being close to nature.我更喜欢有一个花园，因为我喜欢亲近大自然。
We mostly prefer to say yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
我们通常更喜欢答应我们所认识并喜欢的人的请求。
We can eat out if you like，but I would prefer to stay in.
如果你愿意，我们可以出去吃饭，但是我更愿意在家吃。
prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
prefer doing...(to doing...) 宁愿做……(而不愿做……)
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer that sb.(should) do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
＝would rather do...than do...
＝would do...rather than do...
这个男孩宁愿把玩具拆开也不愿把它扔掉。
The boy prefers to take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
＝The boy would rather take the toy apart than throw it away.
＝The boy would take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
[拓展] (1)prefer在变过去式、过去分词及现在分词时须双写r。
preferred—preferred—preferring
(2)prefer本身已具有比较意味，相当于like...better，因此不能再与better, more等词连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boss prefers ________ (reduce) the sales rather than cut the costs.
②Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers ________ (stay) longer and spend.
③That is why fish prefer shallow water ________ deep water because the former is warmer.
④I prefer ________ (earn) my own living to ________ (take) charge of my father's company.
＝I prefer ________ (earn) my own living rather than ________ (take) charge of my father's company.
完成句子
⑤I prefer ________________________ (你待在家里) and do nothing.
⑥I prefer ________________________ (骑自行车去上学) to by bus.
5)need to be done需要被做(＝need doing)(主语通常是物))
(教材原句)Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.
气候变化是一个可怕的问题，绝对需要解决。
This shirt needs to be washed.
＝This shirt needs washing.
这件衬衣该洗了。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The machine is broken down, and it needs ________ (repair).
②When you need ________ (talk) to someone, don't do it in your own office.
③We needn't ________ (hurry) with our meeting.
④The weather is too hot. We don't need ________ (go) shopping.
6)deserve to do值得做)
(教材原句)It deserves to be a huge priority.
这理应是优先考虑的事情。
deserve consideration 值得考虑
deserve to win 该赢
deserve a medal 应获得奖牌
It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。
[说明] deserve表示“值得”时后接doing，用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动语态，即deserve doing＝deserve to be done，类似的动词还有need, require, want(需要)等。
He's a responsible writer, and he deserves respecting/to be respected.
他是个有责任感的作家，理应受人尊重。
[翻译] 他需要批评了。
[拓展]
He deserves punishing.
＝He deserves to be punished.
＝He deserves punishment.
他罪有应得。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She has been working hard, so she deserves ________ (succeed).
②The story once again tells us that one good turn ________ (deserve) another.
③E waste deserves ________ (make) good use of.
④His music deserved ________ (preserve) in the family.
完成句子
⑤The athletes' performance in the competition ____________________________________ (值得表扬).
第三版块|典型句式
1)as if 引导方式状语从句(as if ＝as though))
(教材原句)We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.我们使用资源时就好像我们有两个地球而不是一个似的。
[句式分析]
(1)as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if 引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句谓语构成如下：
·与现在事实不符：过去式(be用were)
·与过去事实不符：过去完成式(be用had been)
·与将来事实不符：would/could/might＋be/do
He looks at me as if I were mad.他瞧着我仿佛我疯了似的。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。
He talks gladly as if/though he would be our monitor.
他高兴地谈论着，好像要成为我们的班长似的。
(2)look/seem/feel＋as if引导的表语从句
as if引导的表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)
She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.
她看起来好像又回到了她的童年时代。(虚拟语气)
[拓展]
as if 引导的从句有时用省略形式，as if ＋名词/分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.
她站在门口，好像在等人。
She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if (she was) to thank him for it.
她把手轻轻地放在他的胳膊上，好像要为此表示感谢。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Li Ming speaks English as though he ________ (be) an American.
②They look as if they ________ (not care).
③He closed his eyes as if ________ (fall in sleep).
④They completely ignore these facts as if they never ________ (exist).
⑤That boy walked into the restaurant as if he ________ (not see) food for a week.
⑥She looked at me as if I ________ (be) a stranger.
完成句子
⑦He opens his mouth as if __________________ (要说话).
⑧This meat tastes as if ____________________ (已经坏了).
⑨It seems as if ______________ (将有个选举)soon.
(2)leave＋宾语＋宾补 让……处于……（某种状态）
(教材原句)not to leave the tap running不要让龙头开着
[句式分析]
该结构主要有以下几种形式：
例：leave her waiting outside让她在外面等着
leave the window fastened 关紧窗户
leave her to find her own way home让她自己回家
leave him an orphan让他成了孤儿
leave the door open让门开着
leave the light on 让灯开着
leave the bird in the cage让鸟待在笼子里
leave the chair where it is把椅子留在原处
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Southbank is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ________ (ring).
②They put some rice into a pot of water and left it ________ (boil) while they made the French toast.
③They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________ (expose).
④It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases ________ the hallway.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Switch off the ________ (电)before you attempt any repair even if you are professional.
2．Anyone needing ________ (运输方式)should not hesitate to ring me.
3．The family live in a ground floor ________ (公寓) next to an opera theatre.
4．Polluted air that is a mixture of smoke and fog is called ________ (雾霾)，which affects people's visual sense and health.
5．I like to swim in the ________ (海洋) when it's warm enough, which is joyous.
6．A ________ (沙漠)is a large area of land with few plants and little water, where the weather is always dry.
7．When the red light comes on, you should recharge the ________ (电池).
8．The plant material itself is converted to black ________ (碳).
Ⅱ.短语填空
do your part for, increase people's awareness of, live in harmony with, pick up, fight against
1．They ____________ the enemy fiercely, struggling to defeat them.
2．The campaign aims to ____________ the dangers of passive smoking, which is threatening their health.
3．You should ____________ the task and get a better score.
4．The little girl ____________ a wallet on the road and didn't hesitate to hand it to the teacher.
5．Deep in the Amazon Rainforest, there are some mysterious tribes ____________ nature.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We passed through several ________ (desert) villages whose inhabitants had fled.
2．On average, paper bags contain 35 percent ________ (recycle) paper.
3．You should continue to lead a healthy life, such as eating a ________ (balance) diet, taking exercise and keeping warm.
4．Your suggestion about the advertisement deserves ________ (consider).
5．On a ________ (globe) scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.
6．Some western countries are advanced ________ (industry) societies and they have come into a developed stage.
7．They made plans to save the minor industry from ________ (extinct).
8．The committee has failed to come up with any ________ (solve) for the crisis, leading the meeting to a failure.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她总是以我姐姐的语气跟我说话。(as if从句)
________________________________________________________________________
2．他走得很慢，好像腿受伤了。(as if从句)
________________________________________________________________________
3．我可以把鞋子放在这里吗？(leave＋宾语＋副词作宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
4．他有时会把雨伞落在火车上。(leave＋宾语＋介词短语作宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
5．你应该委托律师去解决那个问题．(leave＋宾语＋to do作宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
Section A Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．desert 2.tap 3.tissue 4.ocean 5.smog 6.battery 7.carbon
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．global 2.industrial 3.extinction 4.solution
5．electricity 6.recycle 7.transportation
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．绿色生活 2.捡起垃圾 3.少用纸巾 4.海洋污染
5．全球变暖 6.更多地使用公共交通工具
7．提高某人对……的意识 8.回收废电池 9.过低碳生活 10.切身体会 11.干预、阻挠，妨碍 12.值得做……
1．industrial waste 2.animal/plant extinction 3.reduce pollution 4.save energy/water/paper/resources 5.use less electricity 6.live in harmony with 7.maintain the balance between... and... 8.do one's part for sth. 9.live in a flat
10．fight against
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①to ②solution ③solved ④to solve
2．①were transported ②transportation ③be transported ④to ⑤had no means of transport/transportation
⑥An efficient and intelligent transport system
3．①recycles ②recycling ③recycled ④are recycled
⑤to recycle ⑥recycle all our waste paper
4．①with ②with ③in ④harmonious
⑤to live in harmony with nature
5．①in ②against ③balanced ④imbalance ⑤On
⑥a ⑦lost her balance ⑧a good sense of balance
⑨a balanced diet ⑩balanced a trip to the mountains against
6．①形容词，单调的 ②形容词，瘪了的 ③副词，直截了当地 ④the earth was flat ⑤a flat refusal ⑥a flat tyre ⑦in a flat in central London ⑧He felt flat about
第二版块|重要短语
1．①For ②for ③where ④In this instance ⑤such as ⑥for instance
2．①for ②of ③to play ④For ⑤in ⑥an
⑦plays a more and more important part
3．①with ②hitting ③with ④as ⑤ended with full marks
⑥ended up with failure
4．①to reduce ②to stay ③to
④earning; taking; to earn; take
⑤you to stay at home/that you (should) stay at home
⑥going to school by bike
5．①to be repaired/repairing ②to talk ③hurry ④to go
6．①to succeed ②deserves ③to be made ④to be preserved
⑤deserves praising/deserves to be praised/deserves the praise
第三版块|典型句式
1．①were ②didn't care ③to fall in sleep ④existed
⑤hadn't seen ⑥had been ⑦(he is) to speak something
⑧it has gone bad ⑨there will be an election
2．①ringing ②to boil ③exposed ④in
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．electricity 2.transport 3.flat 4.smog 5.ocean
6．desert 7.battery 8.carbon
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．fought against 2.increase people's awareness of
3．do your part for 4.picked up 5.living in harmony with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．deserted 2.recycled 3.balanced 4.to be considered/considering 5.global 6.industrial 7.extinction 8.solutions
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
2．He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
3．May I leave my shoes here
4．He sometimes leaves his umbrella on the train.
5．You should leave the lawyer to settle the problem.
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