非谓语专题（学生版）
基础知识
（一）非谓语动词的作用
句子成分 非谓语 主语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语
不定式
动名词
分 词
（二）非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
（三）非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
（四）非谓语动词的比较
一）不定式和动名词作主语的比较
1、不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2、不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型： It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。
二）不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1、只能接不定式的动词：
口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, care, pretend;
offer, promise, choose, plan;
agree, ask/beg, help.
2、只能接动名词的动词：
口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon;
admit, delay, put off, fancy;
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise;
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate;
forbid, imagine, risk;
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape
3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：
remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过;
forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过
try to do设法去做 try doing试着做,
go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事
mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做
stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做
4、要接动名词的几个句型：
prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做)
how about / what about doing
spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱
have some difficulty / trouble / problems( in )doing在做…有困难
have a hard / good time/fun in doing 做… 很艰难或做…很愉快
5、动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to
have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择，只好做…
can’t choose/help but(只好)
can’t but(只好)
6、allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do
7、sth need/want/require+doing/to be done
be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done
三）不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1、不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
2、一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动）
3、在be，seem / appear， prove/ turn out， remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。
四）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1、不定式作宾补有3种情况：
a．可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign, cause, call on, command, direct, drive, employ, enable, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, inform, invite, inspire, instruct, lead, order, oblige, permit, persuade, prepare, remind, require, request, recommend, send, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish.
b. 动词不定式在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at, witness（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
c. 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
2、感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel
3、表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况：
动词 have keep get leave make catch send set start
现在分词 √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ × × × ×
4、With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。
5、It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为：
sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth.
五）不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较
1、在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语。
2、不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。
3、动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语课转化为定语从句。
4、不定式和分词作定语的区别：
动作表将来， 主动时用to do
动作表将来， 被动时用to be done
动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用 doing
动作正在进行，被动时用 being done
动作已完成，表被动时用 done；不及物动词只表动作完成。
六）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1）目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
2）原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed.
如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
3）结果：常用 only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。
另外，固定结构：too… to do, enough to do, so / such… as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。
4）在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如：
The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)
2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。
* having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前
* being done：表示被动，且前后动作同时进行
* done：表示被动且完成
* having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前
3、独立主格结构
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
①. 名词(代词)+现在分词： 例如：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
②. 名词(代词)+过去分词： 例如：
The test finished（= When the test was finished ），we began our holiday.
③. 名词(代词)+不定式： 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
④. 名词(代词)+形容词：例如：
Computers very small, we can use them wide
⑤. 名词(代词)+副词：
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
⑥. 名词(代词)+名词：例如：
His first shot failure，he fired again．
⑦. 名词(代词) +介词短语：例如：
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
⑧. There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
⑨. It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
基础单句练习
1．We are invited to a party (hold) on our club next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．Doctors usually suggest (drink) little wine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．He was busy with his work, so he couldn’t help (tidy) the room. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4． (scold) by the teacher, the boy did not dare to go to school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．The closing ceremony of the Olympics follows 17 days of frequently breathtaking sporting action (set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks from the Eiffel Tower to the Chateau de Versailles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空)
7． (devote) to his family life, he has always been a good husband and father. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．Rooms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.（所给词的适当形式填空）
9．Sometimes you have to get used to (be) alone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．He is said (study) for two years in America and now he is teaching in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11． (get) a satisfactory reply, the customer wrote to the manager complaining about the bad service of that salesman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, (symbolize) the departure of the old. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．It is no good (chat) with strangers online. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Peter did not want to his fears and insecurity to anyone. (exposure)(所给词的适当形式填空)
16．As a habitual coffee drinker and a regular customer, his character named 663 soon finds it hard （not pay） attention to the free-spirited counter girl played by Faye Wong. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．The second story focuses on two people (Tony Leung and Faye Wong) and how they interact with each other at a local fast food store (specialize) in fish and chips, chef’s salad and black coffee. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．In the first story, the police officer (play) by Takeshi Kaneshiro refuses to accept the breakup by repeatedly saying that it is only a practical joke between May, his girlfriend, and him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．The plot centers around two separate narratives regarding two policemen (work) within Hong Kong. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20． (watch) so many impressive and wonderful movies, I may pretentiously (自命不凡地) believe that I have a say in recommending you a movie I like most. (所给词的适当形式填空)
一模真题汇编
(2023宝山一模)Rob: I also have to work most days after class. ____5____ (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry around a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
（2023崇明一模）People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem ____26____ (put) their lives in danger.
（2023崇明一模）____29____ (consider) factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw a clear pattern.
（2023奉贤一模）A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first ____5____(offer) quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people.
（2023虹口一模）In 1665, Johannes Vermeer dabbed (轻涂) the last drop of paint onto a canvas (帆布) in his Dutch studio, ___1___ (complete) his masterpiece “Girl with a Pearl Earring.”
（2023虹口一模）It is now a popularity on Strava often ___6___ (refer) to as “Strava art.”
（2023虹口一模）To complete her digital vision of “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” Ms. Strong biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn, carefully checking Strava ___8___ (make) sure that each turn, circle, and straightaway was
achieving the iconic earring and head covering of Vermeer’s original.
（2023黄浦一模）Throughout the country, prison officials have rejected or tried every means ___4___ (ban) books about biology, sketching, dragons and even the moon. ___5___ (claim) such bans are necessary for the safety and security of prisons seems stupid.
（2023黄浦一模）It’s not who I want to see ____10____ (send) back into society.
（2023嘉定一模）____2____ (weigh) over a ton, black rhinos are unexpectedly alert and have an unpredictable nature.
二模真题汇编
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）They are discovering that learning is easier, quicker with the body movements ____2____(involve).
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）It means that ____7____(encourage) children to think and learn in a purely abstract way might actually make lessons harder for them to understand and remember.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）According to Dobek’ design, the Mars Storage Station (MSS) will be built ___16___(accommodate) the need for sufficient supplies.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Rooms with circular ceilings allow astronauts to watch ___18___(download) shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Professor Suetsugu said he and his colleagues were “delighted ___28___ (identify) a new species”.
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）We need to protect natural environments to stop flowers ___29___ (disappear).
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Just like in the movie, most catfishing cheats start with the catfish ___34___ (try) to sweet talk their victim into falling in love with them.
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Some catfish attempt ___35___ (charm) their victim into trusting them, and then ask them for money.
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）But in some situations, catfish are just lonely people, ___37___ (dissatisfy) with their lives and using social media to live in an alternate reality.
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）I have found that the subscription-based app Sweat and Centr has good, short routines and clear instructions ___44___ (improve) your form.
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）There are countless personal trainers and yoga instructors on the Internet who have been giving free classes to people ___45___ (stick) at home.
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance ___53___ (taste) each one.
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers ___54___ (raise) in space.
（2024·上海宝山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．process B．impacting C． appearance D．linked E. assessment F. costly G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed
Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been 1 to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the 2 smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.
Despite being 3 as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating 4 used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) 5 addictive substance.
HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and 6 their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 7 review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.
The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 8 and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your 9 . Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.
Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are 10 for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life.非谓语专题（解析版）
基础知识：
（一）非谓语动词的作用
句子成分 非谓语 主语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语
不定式
动名词
分 词
（二）非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
（三）非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
（四）非谓语动词的比较
一）不定式和动名词作主语的比较
1、不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2、不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型： It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。
二）不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1、只能接不定式的动词：
口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, care, pretend;
offer, promise, choose, plan;
agree, ask/beg, help.
2、只能接动名词的动词：
口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon;
admit, delay, put off, fancy;
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise;
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate;
forbid, imagine, risk;
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape
3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：
remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过;
forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过
try to do设法去做 try doing试着做,
go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事
mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做
stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做
4、要接动名词的几个句型：
prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做)
how about / what about doing
spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱
have some difficulty / trouble / problems( in )doing在做…有困难
have a hard / good time/fun in doing 做… 很艰难或做…很愉快
5、动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to
have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择，只好做…
can’t choose/help but(只好)
can’t but(只好)
6、allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do
7、sth need/want/require+doing/to be done
be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done
三）不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1、不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
2、一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动）
3、在be，seem / appear， prove/ turn out， remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。
四）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1、不定式作宾补有3种情况：
a．可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign, cause, call on, command, direct, drive, employ, enable, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, inform, invite, inspire, instruct, lead, order, oblige, permit, persuade, prepare, remind, require, request, recommend, send, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish.
b. 动词不定式在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at, witness（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
c. 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
2、感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel
3、表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况：
动词 have keep get leave make catch send set start
现在分词 √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ × × × ×
4、With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。
5、It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为：
sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth.
五）不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较
1、在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语。
2、不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。
3、动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语课转化为定语从句。
4、不定式和分词作定语的区别：
动作表将来， 主动时用to do
动作表将来， 被动时用to be done
动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用 doing
动作正在进行，被动时用 being done
动作已完成，表被动时用 done；不及物动词只表动作完成。
六）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1）目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
2）原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed.
如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
3）结果：常用 only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。
另外，固定结构：too… to do, enough to do, so / such… as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。
4）在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如：
The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)
2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。
* having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前
* being done：表示被动，且前后动作同时进行
* done：表示被动且完成
* having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前
3、独立主格结构
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
①. 名词(代词)+现在分词： 例如：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
②. 名词(代词)+过去分词： 例如：
The test finished（= When the test was finished ），we began our holiday.
③. 名词(代词)+不定式： 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
④. 名词(代词)+形容词：例如：
Computers very small, we can use them wide
⑤. 名词(代词)+副词：
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
⑥. 名词(代词)+名词：例如：
His first shot failure，he fired again．
⑦. 名词(代词) +介词短语：例如：
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
⑧. There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
⑨. It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
基础单句练习
1．We are invited to a party (hold) on our club next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be held
【知识点】hold(held held)、不定式作定语、不定式的被动语态
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举行的晚会。句中谓语是are invited，空格处用非谓语动词，party和hold之间是逻辑动宾关系，由next Friday可知，晚会是将来被举办，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be held作后置定语修饰party。故填to be held。
2．Doctors usually suggest (drink) little wine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】drinking
【知识点】drink、动名词作宾语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生通常建议少喝酒。suggest doing sth.是固定用法，表示“建议做某事”。故填drinking。
3．He was busy with his work, so he couldn’t help (tidy) the room. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to tidy
【知识点】tidy、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形
【详解】考查不定式。句意：他忙于工作，所以没能帮忙整理房间。由“He was busy with his work”可知，句子表示“他忙于工作，所以没能帮忙整理房间”，couldn’t help to do是固定短语，意为“不能帮忙做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to tidy。故填to tidy。
4． (scold) by the teacher, the boy did not dare to go to school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having been scolded
【知识点】scold、现在分词的完成式：having done、现在分词的被动语态
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被老师骂了一顿后，这个男孩不敢去上学。句子已有谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the boy和scold为逻辑动宾关系，且scold发生在主句谓语动词之前，需用现在分词的完成被动式，句首字母需大写。故填Having been scolded。
5．The closing ceremony of the Olympics follows 17 days of frequently breathtaking sporting action (set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks from the Eiffel Tower to the Chateau de Versailles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】set
【知识点】set(set set)、过去分词作定语、过去分词表示被动意义
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在17天里，令人叹为观止的体育比赛接连上演，从埃菲尔铁塔到凡尔赛宫，这些比赛都以巴黎标志性的地标为背景，之后奥运会闭幕式举行。句中已有谓语动词follows，“(set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks”作后置定语，set(以……为背景)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语action之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填set。
6．The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】delivered
【知识点】deliver、过去分词作定语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统上周发表的讲话鼓舞人心。deliver和speech之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填delivered。
7． (devote) to his family life, he has always been a good husband and father. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Devoted
【知识点】devote、过去分词作状语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全身心地投入到家庭生活中，一直是一个好丈夫和好父亲。be deveoted to“专心于”，此处使用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Devoted。
8．Rooms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】varying
【知识点】vary、现在分词作定语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不同大小的房间都配有吹风机、电视和电话。vary和Rooms之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填varying。
9．Sometimes you have to get used to (be) alone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being
【知识点】动名词作宾语、get used to
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时候你得习惯一个人。get used to doing意思为：习惯于做，to为介词，空处用动名词作宾语。故填being。
10．He is said (study) for two years in America and now he is teaching in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to have studied
【知识点】不定式的完成式：to have done
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说他在美国学习了两年，现在在中国教书。be said to do sth表示“据说做某事”，又因为“学习”这个动作发生在“据说”之前，所以要用动词不定式的完成式to have done，故填to have studied。
11． (get) a satisfactory reply, the customer wrote to the manager complaining about the bad service of that salesman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To get
【知识点】get(got got)、不定式作目的状语
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了得到满意的答复，顾客写信给经理，抱怨那个推销员的服务太差。空格处需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示目的，所有用动词不定式。故填To get。
12．Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being infected
【知识点】infect、动名词作宾语、动名词的被动语态
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期进行体育锻炼是避免感染流感的有效方法。avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，infect与主语之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being infected。故填being infected。
13．Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, (symbolize) the departure of the old. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】symbolizing
【知识点】symbolize、现在分词作状语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利人在午夜时分把旧东西扔出窗外，象征着旧人的离去。此处symbolize与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填symbolizing。
14．It is no good (chat) with strangers online. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】chatting
【知识点】chat、动名词作主语、固定句型
【详解】考查动名词和固定句型。句意：在网上和陌生人聊天是不好的。“It is no good doing…”，固定句型，意为“做某事是不好的”，“It”为形式主语，动名词结构“doing…”为真正主语。故填chatting。
15．Peter did not want to his fears and insecurity to anyone. (exposure)(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expose
【知识点】expose、不定式作宾语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：彼得不想把他的恐惧和不安全感暴露给任何人。分析句子可知，设空处用作动词want的宾语，应使用不定式，此处缺少动词原形expose，故填expose。
16．As a habitual coffee drinker and a regular customer, his character named 663 soon finds it hard （not pay） attention to the free-spirited counter girl played by Faye Wong. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】not to play
【知识点】不定式作宾语、动词不定式的否定结构
【详解】考查不定式。句意：作为一个习惯喝咖啡的人和常客，他的角色663很快就发现很难不注意Faye Wong扮演的自由奔放的柜台女孩。find it hard to do，发现很难……，根据句意和所给提示词可知，此空应填不定式的否定结构形式作逻辑宾语，而it为形式宾语。故填not to play。
17．The second story focuses on two people (Tony Leung and Faye Wong) and how they interact with each other at a local fast food store (specialize) in fish and chips, chef’s salad and black coffee. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】specializing
【知识点】specialize、现在分词作定语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二个故事聚焦于两个人（梁朝伟和王菲），以及他们如何在当地一家专门经营炸鱼薯条、厨师沙拉和黑咖啡的快餐店互动。how引导的宾语从句谓语为interact，此处为非谓语动词，且store与specialize“专门从事”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰store。故填specializing。
18．In the first story, the police officer (play) by Takeshi Kaneshiro refuses to accept the breakup by repeatedly saying that it is only a practical joke between May, his girlfriend, and him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】played
【知识点】过去分词作定语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在第一个故事中，金城武扮演的警察拒绝接受分手，他反复说这只是他的女朋友梅和他之间的一个恶作剧。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词refuses，空处是非谓语动词，play“扮演”和the police officer逻辑上是被动关系，应用play的过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填played。
19．The plot centers around two separate narratives regarding two policemen (work) within Hong Kong. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】working
【知识点】work(奏效；起作用)、现在分词作定语
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：情节围绕两个单独的叙述展开，讲述的是两名在香港工作的警察。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词centers，空处是非谓语动词，work“工作”和policemen逻辑上是主动关系，应用work的现在分词形式，作policemen的后置定语。故填working。
20． (watch) so many impressive and wonderful movies, I may pretentiously (自命不凡地) believe that I have a say in recommending you a movie I like most. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having watched
【知识点】现在分词作状语、现在分词的完成式：having done、现在分词表示主动意义
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看了这么多令人印象深刻的精彩电影，我可能自命不凡地认为我有发言权向你推荐一部我最喜欢的电影。句中谓语是believe，空格处用非谓语动词，I和watch之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，watch的动作发生在believe之前，因此空格处用having done表示先于谓语动作发生的动作，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是Having watched。故填Having watched。
一模真题汇编
(2023宝山一模)Rob: I also have to work most days after class. ____5____ (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry around a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
5. Studying##To study
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：数字化学习意味着我不需要带着一堆沉重的书。此处作句子的主语，可用动名词或不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Studying/To study。
（2023崇明一模）People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem ____26____ (put) their lives in danger.
26. to be putting##to put##to have put
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那些将大量饮酒作为唯一危险因素的人似乎并没有将自己的生命置于危险之中。固定搭配seem to do sth. “似乎做某事”。因“大量饮酒”动作与“生命置于危险之中”动作先后情况不明显，所以可以用to do；也可以用to be doing表示前后动作几乎同时进行；也可用to have done表示先后动作顺序。故填to be putting或to put或to have put。
（2023崇明一模）____29____ (consider) factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw a clear pattern.
29. Considering##Having considered
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到年龄、性别、教育程度等因素，研究人员发现了一个清晰的模式。分析句子成分可知，谓语动词为“saw”，且无连词，所以空处应为非谓语动词，提示词“consider”和句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，应用doing，若强调非谓语的动作在谓语动作之前发生，也可用doing的完成式having done。故填Considering或Having considered。
（2023奉贤一模）A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first ____5____(offer) quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people.
5. to offer
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学研究人员的一项新研究首次提供了心理压力与人们头发变白之间的定量证据。序数词后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填to offer。
（2023虹口一模）In 1665, Johannes Vermeer dabbed (轻涂) the last drop of paint onto a canvas (帆布) in his Dutch studio, ___1___ (complete) his masterpiece “Girl with a Pearl Earring.”
1. completing
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1665年，Johannes Vermeer在他荷兰工作室的画布上涂抹了最后一滴颜料，完成了他的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》。句中谓语是dabbed，空格处用非谓语动词，Johannes Vermeer和complete之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填completing。
（2023虹口一模）It is now a popularity on Strava often ___6___ (refer) to as “Strava art.”
6. referred
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它现在在Strava很受欢迎，通常被称为“Strava艺术”。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，popularity和refer to之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，作后置定语，故填referred。
（2023虹口一模）To complete her digital vision of “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” Ms. Strong biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn, carefully checking Strava ___8___ (make) sure that each turn, circle, and straightaway was
achieving the iconic earring and head covering of Vermeer’s original.
8. to make
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》（Girl with a Pearl Earring）的数字视觉，Ms. Strong在Brooklyn南部骑行了近50英里，仔细检查Strava，确保每一个转弯、每一圈、每一秒都能达到Vermeer原作中标志性的耳环和头巾。由“carefully checking Strava”可知，Ms. Strong仔细检查Strava的目的是确保每一个转弯、每一圈、每一秒都能达到Vermeer原作中标志性的耳环和头巾，空格处用不定式，表目的，故填to make。
（2023黄浦一模）Throughout the country, prison officials have rejected or tried every means ___4___ (ban) books about biology, sketching, dragons and even the moon. ___5___ (claim) such bans are necessary for the safety and security of prisons seems stupid.
4. to ban 5. Claiming
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国各地，监狱官员拒绝或试图用所有的方法来禁止有关生物学、素描、龙甚至月亮的书籍。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ban。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：声称这样的禁令对监狱的安全和保障是必要的，似乎很愚蠢。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，表示事实。故填Claiming。
（2023黄浦一模）It’s not who I want to see ____10____ (send) back into society.
10. sent
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那不是我想看到的被送回社会的样子。分析句子结构和意思可知，who I want to
see ___10___ (send) back into society是表语从句，连词who在从句中作see的宾语，动词send和被修饰的宾语who是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，作宾补。故填sent。
（2023嘉定一模）____2____ (weigh) over a ton, black rhinos are unexpectedly alert and have an unpredictable nature.
2. Weighing
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：体重超过一吨，黑犀牛出乎意料地警觉，并且具有不可预测的天性。分析句子可知，句子已经有谓语，空格处应使用非谓语形式，weigh在此表示“有……重”，与逻辑主语black rhinos之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词表主动，作状语，且置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Weighing。
二模真题汇编
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）They are discovering that learning is easier, quicker with the body movements ____2____(involve).
2．involved
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发现，通过肢体动作，学习变得更容易、更快。此处为with的复合结构，且involve与body movements构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填involved。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）It means that ____7____(encourage) children to think and learn in a purely abstract way might actually make lessons harder for them to understand and remember.
7．encouraging
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着，鼓励孩子以纯粹抽象的方式思考和学习，实际上可能会让他们更难理解和记住课程。作宾语从句的主语，表示一般性的行为，应用动名词形式。故填encouraging。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）According to Dobek’ design, the Mars Storage Station (MSS) will be built ___16___(accommodate) the need for sufficient supplies.
16．to accommodate
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Dobek的设计，火星储存站（MSS）的建造将满足充足供应的需要。此处accommodate作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to accommodate。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Rooms with circular ceilings allow astronauts to watch ___18___(download) shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
18．downloaded
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：有圆形天花板的房间可以让宇航员观看下载的节目，甚至可以看到地球上的地方，比如他们的家。修饰后文名词shows应用过去分词downloaded，作定语。故填downloaded。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Professor Suetsugu said he and his colleagues were “delighted ___28___ (identify) a new species”.
28．to have identified
28．考查不定式。句意：Suetsugu教授说，他和他的同事“很高兴发现了一个新物种”。be delighted to do是固定短语，意为“很高兴做某事”，此处表示“很高兴发现了一个新物种”，因此空格处用不定式的完成式，即to have done，故填to have identified。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）We need to protect natural environments to stop flowers ___29___ (disappear).
29．disappearing
29．考查动名词。句意：我们需要保护自然环境，防止花朵消失。stop sb. (from) doing是固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，因此空格处用动名词，故填disappearing。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Just like in the movie, most catfishing cheats start with the catfish ___34___ (try) to sweet talk their victim into falling in love with them.
34．trying
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像电影里一样，大多数Catfishing欺骗都是从诱饵试图用甜言蜜语让受害者爱上自己开始的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词start，所以try应该用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语catfish是主动关系，故用动名词的一般式和catfish构成动名词的复合结构作start with的宾语。故填trying。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Some catfish attempt ___35___ (charm) their victim into trusting them, and then ask them for money.
35．to charm
35．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些诱饵试图诱使受害者相信自己，然后向他们要钱。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：attempt to do意为“尝试做……”。故填to charm。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）But in some situations, catfish are just lonely people, ___37___ (dissatisfy) with their lives and using social media to live in an alternate reality.
37．dissatisfied
37．考查形容词。句意：但在某些情况下，诱饵只是孤独的人，对自己的生活不满意，利用社交媒体生活在另一个现实中。be dissatisfied with“对……不满”是固定短语，此处省略be，用形容词作状语。故填dissatisfied。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）I have found that the subscription-based app Sweat and Centr has good, short routines and clear instructions ___44___ (improve) your form.
44．to improve/improving
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现基于订阅的应用Sweat and center有很好的、简短的程序和明确的指导来改善你的姿势。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，improve与short routines and clear instructions之间为主动关系，强调未发生的动作可以使用不定式形式；也可用现在分词。故填to improve/improving。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）There are countless personal trainers and yoga instructors on the Internet who have been giving free classes to people ___45___ (stick) at home.
45．stuck
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：网上有无数的私人教练和瑜伽教练为困在家里的人提供免费课程。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，stick与people之间为被动关系，使用过去分词形式。故填stuck。
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance ___53___ (taste) each one.
53．to taste
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：自2015年以来，宇航员已经在空间站成功种植了十种不同的作物，并有机会品尝每一种。名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to taste。
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers ___54___ (raise) in space.
54．raised
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对，庆祝收获了第一批在太空种植的辣椒。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语the first chili peppers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动和完成。故填raised。
（2024·上海宝山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．process B．impacting C． appearance D．linked E. assessment F. costly G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed
Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been 1 to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the 2 smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.
Despite being 3 as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating 4 used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) 5 addictive substance.
HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and 6 their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 7 review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.
The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 8 and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your 9 . Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.
Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are 10 for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life.
1．D 2．I 3．K 4．A 5．H 6．B 7．E 8．J 9．C 10．G
【知识点】个人保健、社会问题与社会现象
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了几十年来，烟草使用及其对健康的负面影响已得到充分证明。中国台湾省已将法定吸烟年龄提高到20岁或以上。通过实行这一改变，他们希望减少染上这种习惯的年轻人的数量。
1．考查动词。句意：传统烟草产品，如香烟，与广泛的健康问题有关，包括癌症、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和其他疾病。根据“to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory disorders and others”以及句意“与……有关”可知应，填动词link，根据上文have been可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
2．考查形容词。句意：中国台湾省已将法定吸烟年龄提高到20岁或以上。根据“smoking age to 20 or above”以及句意“法定”可知，应填形容词legal，修饰名词age，作定语。故选I。
3．考查动词。句意：尽管被宣传为传统香烟的安全替代品，但加热烟草制品仍被认为是烟草。根据“as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes”以及句意“被宣传为”可知，短语为be marketed as。故选K。
4．考查名词。句意：这些产品的加热过程会释放有害的化学物质和毒物，包括焦油、一氧化碳和尼古丁，这是一种极易上瘾的物质。根据“used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons”以及句意“过程”可知，应填名词process，作主语。故选A。
5．考查副词。句意：这些产品的加热过程会释放有害的化学物质和毒物，包括焦油、一氧化碳和尼古丁，这是一种极易上瘾的物质。根据“addictive substance”以及句意“极易”可知，应填副词highly，修饰形容词addictive。故选H。
6．考查动词。句意：为防止青少年尝试烟草制品，影响其健康，台湾省通过增加健康风险评估审查机制，严格控制每一种烟草制品。根据“To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and”以及句意“影响”可知，应填动词impact，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选B。
7．考查名词。句意：为防止青少年尝试烟草制品，影响其健康，台湾省通过增加健康风险评估审查机制，严格控制每一种烟草制品。根据“Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product”以及句意“评估”可知，应填名词assessment，作宾语，不定冠词提示，应用名词单数形式。故选E。
8．考查名词。句意：吸烟的无数缺点应该让吸烟者停下来，鼓励他们戒烟。根据“encourage them to quit”以及句意“停下来”可知，应填名词pause，作宾语。故选J。
9．考查名词。句意：戒烟也可以改善你的外表。根据“Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.(吸烟会导致皱纹和牙齿变黄。戒烟可以使皮肤更健康，牙齿更白，口气更清新。吸烟还会使你的味觉和嗅觉变得迟钝)”以及句意“外表”可知，应填名词appearance，作宾语，不可数。故选C。
10．考查形容词。句意：支持性的社会环境、应对策略和专业帮助对于克服这些问题和过上无烟生活至关重要。根据“Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help”以及句意“至关重要”可知，应填形容词crucial，作表语。故选G。
