Unit 3 The world of science
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Born in 1958 in Nanning, Guangxi Province, Dr Huang Danian became interested in geophysics early.His parents, teaching at a local geological institution, passed the passion down to him.In 1977, Huang was admitted to Changchun Institute of Geology and later taught there.He once wrote that rejuvenating (使恢复活力) the Chinese nation was their generation’s responsibility.
In 1992, he went to Britain for further studies.There, he obtained his doctorate in geophysics and joined a local firm.During his time in the UK, Huang remained devoted to the motherland, frequently flying back to China to attend academic meetings or seminars related to his field.In 2009, he returned to China with great resolve.For him, no matter how successful he was abroad, the biggest satisfaction would be improving his home country.
Upon his return to China, he was entrusted to work at Jilin University as a professor and chief scientist in a branch of China’s biggest deep-earth exploration programme.Over 400 scientists participated in the programme, which aimed to fix high-tech cameras on aircraft, ships, and satellites that would enable scientists to see through Earth’s crust (地壳) without digging into it.
For seven years, Huang worked racing against time.Many of his co-workers called him a workaholic while he thought he was more like a “lunatic (疯狂的人)”.“China is in urgent need of ‘lunatics’ if it is to become a stronger country.It would be an honour if I could be one of them,” he said.The lunatic’s madness paid off.He and his team helped China greatly narrow its gap with developed countries in obtaining precise data on deep-earth exploration.They created a number of China’s No.1s, filling many technical gaps for China’s sky survey, ground detection, and sea exploration.
During his whole life, he sought no fame, and always kept the motherland in mind.As a scientist, he fulfilled his dream of rejuvenating the nation with exceptional achievements.
( )1.Why did Dr Huang decide to return and work in China
[A] To work at Jilin University.
[B] To attend academic meetings.
[C] To devote himself to researching.
[D] To serve his motherland whole-heartedly.
( )2.What did the deep-earth exploration programme focus on
[A] Discovering new mineral resources.
[B] Competing with developed countries.
[C] Equipping various platforms with cameras.
[D] Helping scientists explore beneath the Earth’s crust.
( )3.What did Dr Huang and his team achieve
[A] They won many international awards.
[B] They got accurate data on the deep ocean.
[C] They attained many firsts in relevant fields.
[D] They helped China overtake developed countries.
( )4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Huang
[A] Committed and patriotic.
[B] Enterprising and crazy.
[C] Sensitive and rigid.
[D] Single-minded and unreliable.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full use of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 1 on obvious facts, and therefore 2 to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford.He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths.
However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of the several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England. He began to show how many important
7 could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 8 towards Earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so.But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 9 stones, proving Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 10 of going directly to nature and proving our
11 and theories by experiment that has 12 all the discoveries of modern science.
What 13 those people good scientists From the example of Galileo, we can see
14 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results.
( )1.[A] dependent [B] based
[C] insisted [D] centred
( )2.[A] refuses [B] desires
[C] intends [D] regrets
( )3.[A] casually [B] carefully
[C] quickly [D] privately
( )4.[A] look [B] keep
[C] date [D] turn
( )5.[A] command [B] suspect
[C] predict [D] conclude
( )6.[A] brought [B] recorded
[C] discovered [D] announced
( )7.[A] truths [B] problems
[C] investigations [D] subjects
( )8.[A] slowly [B] rapidly
[C] lightly [D] heavily
( )9.[A] big [B] small
[C] similar [D] unequal
( )10.[A] spirit [B] skill
[C] theory [D] wish
( )11.[A] plans [B] opinions
[C] world [D] ability
( )12.[A] led to [B] came with
[C] set up [D] put forward
( )13.[A] promises [B] prevents
[C] considers [D] makes
( )14.[A] likely [B] clearly
[C] naturally [D] unwillingly
( )15.[A] foreseen [B] rejected
[C] produced [D] challenged
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Can you imagine what the future will be like Some 1. (company) are looking to produce flying vehicles.That is amazing.If we have our own 2. (person) flying cars, we would fly at the speed of 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding busy roads.However, 3. seems that there is a long way to go before they get off the ground! One of the problems 4. (point) out by some people is what 5. (happen) if the flying cars break down.
Others are trying to build a practical suit“exoskeleton”, a suit of robot arms and legs
6. follows your movement.It will allow the wearer 7. (lift) heavy objects and walk a long way! It is useful in many ways, 8. (especial) for people with disabilities.This suit might help people to walk again after disease or injury.But the disadvantage at the moment is battery life.A suit like this potentially 9. (need) a lot of power but batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment.
So in the future, whether we may fly to work 10. lift heavy objects with the“exoskeleton”, there are plenty of problems to solve before this is possible.
1.become interested in 对……感兴趣
2.pass...down to sb 把……传给某人
3.pay off 取得成功,奏效
4.make full use of充分利用
5.be based on...以……为基础/依据
6.point out 指出
1.become a reality成为现实
2.in conversation(s) with与……交谈
3.make important advances in...在……方面取得重大进展
4.in terms of...在……方面;从……角度来看;就……而言
5.be capable of有能力做/能够……
6.inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
7.no doubt毫无疑问
8.improve the quality of life for...改善……的生活质量
9.send a warning to...向……发送警告
10.respond to回应,应对
1. (3分)惊讶于科技的魅力,我们对其产生了兴趣。(过去分词短语作原因状语)
2. (3分)毫无疑问,正是这款机器人识别基本的人类情绪以及在老年人需要陪伴时与他们进行交谈的能力才让它特别有吸引力。(no doubt;强调句)
3. (3分)科学家们在理解癌症的遗传基础方面取得了重大进展,从而为患者提供了更有针对性的治疗。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
4. (3分)以前不可能的事情已经成为现实,大大改善了人们的生活质量。(主语从句;非限制性定语从句)
(15分)上周五,你校组织了一次以“科技让生活更美好”为主题的社会实践活动,学生们参观了一家科技公司。请你为学校英语角写一篇报道,介绍这次活动,内容包括:
1.活动时间、主题;
2.参观过程(听讲座、观摩并体验3D打印技术等);
3.活动感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Unit 3 The world of science
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Born in 1958 in Nanning, Guangxi Province, Dr Huang Danian became interested in geophysics early.His parents, teaching at a local geological institution, passed the passion down to him.In 1977, Huang was admitted to Changchun Institute of Geology and later taught there.He once wrote that rejuvenating (使恢复活力) the Chinese nation was their generation’s responsibility.
In 1992, he went to Britain for further studies.There, he obtained his doctorate in geophysics and joined a local firm.During his time in the UK, Huang remained devoted to the motherland, frequently flying back to China to attend academic meetings or seminars related to his field.In 2009, he returned to China with great resolve.For him, no matter how successful he was abroad, the biggest satisfaction would be improving his home country.
Upon his return to China, he was entrusted to work at Jilin University as a professor and chief scientist in a branch of China’s biggest deep-earth exploration programme.Over 400 scientists participated in the programme, which aimed to fix high-tech cameras on aircraft, ships, and satellites that would enable scientists to see through Earth’s crust (地壳) without digging into it.
For seven years, Huang worked racing against time.Many of his co-workers called him a workaholic while he thought he was more like a “lunatic (疯狂的人)”.“China is in urgent need of ‘lunatics’ if it is to become a stronger country.It would be an honour if I could be one of them,” he said.The lunatic’s madness paid off.He and his team helped China greatly narrow its gap with developed countries in obtaining precise data on deep-earth exploration.They created a number of China’s No.1s, filling many technical gaps for China’s sky survey, ground detection, and sea exploration.
During his whole life, he sought no fame, and always kept the motherland in mind.As a scientist, he fulfilled his dream of rejuvenating the nation with exceptional achievements.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了黄大年教授的生平事迹,特别是他在深地探测领域的贡献以及他对祖国科技发展的执着追求。
( )1.Why did Dr Huang decide to return and work in China
[A] To work at Jilin University.
[B] To attend academic meetings.
[C] To devote himself to researching.
[D] To serve his motherland whole-heartedly.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段中的“In 2009, he returned to China...would be improving his home country.”可知,黄大年为了全心全意为祖国服务,决定回国工作。故选D。
( )2.What did the deep-earth exploration programme focus on
[A] Discovering new mineral resources.
[B] Competing with developed countries.
[C] Equipping various platforms with cameras.
[D] Helping scientists explore beneath the Earth’s crust.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,深地探测项目的重点是帮助科学家探索地壳下的世界。故选D。
( )3.What did Dr Huang and his team achieve
[A] They won many international awards.
[B] They got accurate data on the deep ocean.
[C] They attained many firsts in relevant fields.
[D] They helped China overtake developed countries.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,黄大年和他的团队在相关领域取得了许多第一。故选C。
( )4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Huang
[A] Committed and patriotic.
[B] Enterprising and crazy.
[C] Sensitive and rigid.
[D] Single-minded and unreliable.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段最后两句和最后一段内容可知,黄大年是忠诚和爱国的。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full use of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 1 on obvious facts, and therefore 2 to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford.He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths.
However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of the several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England. He began to show how many important
7 could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 8 towards Earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so.But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 9 stones, proving Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 10 of going directly to nature and proving our
11 and theories by experiment that has 12 all the discoveries of modern science.
What 13 those people good scientists From the example of Galileo, we can see
14 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点:科学家应该是一个很好的观察者,不能盲目相信他人,应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
( )1.[A] dependent [B] based
[C] insisted [D] centred
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“He makes full use of the facts he observes.”可知,成功的科学家不接受没有明显事实依据的想法,be based on意为“以……为基础/依据”。故选B。
( )2.[A] refuses [B] desires
[C] intends [D] regrets
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据句意和句中的“therefore”可知,前后为因果关系,不接受没有明显事实依据的想法,因此拒绝(refuses)接受权威是唯一的真理。故选A。
( )3.[A] casually [B] carefully
[C] quickly [D] privately
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“He always checks ideas”和下文“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处介绍好的科学家的品质,故应为仔细(carefully)检查想法。故选B。
( )4.[A] look [B] keep
[C] date [D] turn
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处指现代科学的兴起或许被认为最早可以追溯到罗杰·培根时期。date as far back as意为“最早可追溯到”。故选C。
( )5.[A] command [B] suspect
[C] predict [D] conclude
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处指罗杰·培根可能是中世纪第一个推断出(conclude)我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学的人。故选D。
( )6.[A] brought [B] recorded
[C] discovered [D] announced
【答案】 C
【解析】 结合句意和后面的宾语“many important truths”可知,他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。故选C。
( )7.[A] truths [B] problems
[C] investigations [D] subjects
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“could be discovered by observation”以及上文“many important truths”可知,很多真理(truths)可以通过观察而被发现。故选A。
( )8.[A] slowly [B] rapidly
[C] lightly [D] heavily
【答案】 B
【解析】 此处指在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快(rapidly),因为亚里士多德是这么说的。故选B。
( )9.[A] big [B] small
[C] similar [D] unequal
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知,此处表示使用了两块大小不相等的(unequal)石头。故选D。
( )10.[A] spirit [B] skill
[C] theory [D] wish
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“But Galileo went to the top of...proving Aristotle was wrong.”可知,这是伽利略科学精神(spirit)的具体表现。故选A。
( )11.[A] plans [B] opinions
[C] world [D] ability
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句意和后面的“and theories by experiment”可知,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。故选B。
( )12.[A] led to [B] came with
[C] set up [D] put forward
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处指正是伽利略直面自然和用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神才引发(led to)了现代科学的所有发现。故选A。
( )13.[A] promises [B] prevents
[C] considers [D] makes
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处发出疑问:是什么让(makes)这些人成为优秀的科学家 故选D。
( )14.[A] likely [B] clearly
[C] naturally [D] unwillingly
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“It is Galileo’s...and theories by experiment”可知,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人,这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地(clearly)知道。故选B。
( )15.[A] foreseen [B] rejected
[C] produced [D] challenged
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后面的宾语“better results”可知,此处指那些成功的科学家们的观察产生了(produced)更好的结果。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Can you imagine what the future will be like Some 1. (company) are looking to produce flying vehicles.That is amazing.If we have our own 2. (person) flying cars, we would fly at the speed of 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding busy roads.However, 3. seems that there is a long way to go before they get off the ground! One of the problems 4. (point) out by some people is what 5. (happen) if the flying cars break down.
Others are trying to build a practical suit“exoskeleton”, a suit of robot arms and legs
6. follows your movement.It will allow the wearer 7. (lift) heavy objects and walk a long way! It is useful in many ways, 8. (especial) for people with disabilities.This suit might help people to walk again after disease or injury.But the disadvantage at the moment is battery life.A suit like this potentially 9. (need) a lot of power but batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment.
So in the future, whether we may fly to work 10. lift heavy objects with the“exoskeleton”, there are plenty of problems to solve before this is possible.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了两项未来科技——飞行汽车和“外骨骼”套装的可行性,以及人们需要为此做出哪些努力。
1.【答案】 companies
【解析】 考查名词复数。Some后需接可数名词复数,故填companies。
2.【答案】 personal
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰flying cars,应用形容词作定语,故填personal。
3.【答案】 it
【解析】 考查代词。it seems that...意为“似乎……”,为固定句型,故填it。
4.【答案】 pointed
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,主句已有谓语动词is,其后为what引导的表语从句,所以此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词problems,动词point与名词problems之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填pointed。
5.【答案】 will happen
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据“if the flying cars break down”可知,if引导的条件状语从句表示对将来情况的预测时,要遵从“主将从现”原则,所以此处表语从句的谓语动词应用一般将来时,故填will happen。
6.【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词是a suit of robot arms and legs,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填which/that。
7.【答案】 to lift
【解析】 考查动词不定式。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”,故填to lift。
8.【答案】 especially
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,表示“尤其”,故填especially。
9.【答案】 needs
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空后的last可知,此处谓语动词应用一般现在时,描述客观事实,主语是A suit,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填needs。
10.【答案】 or
【解析】 考查连词。根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应用whether...or...结构,意为“无论是……还是……”,故填or。
1.become interested in 对……感兴趣
2.pass...down to sb 把……传给某人
3.pay off 取得成功,奏效
4.make full use of充分利用
5.be based on...以……为基础/依据
6.point out 指出
1.become a reality成为现实
2.in conversation(s) with与……交谈
3.make important advances in...在……方面取得重大进展
4.in terms of...在……方面;从……角度来看;就……而言
5.be capable of有能力做/能够……
6.inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
7.no doubt毫无疑问
8.improve the quality of life for...改善……的生活质量
9.send a warning to...向……发送警告
10.respond to回应,应对
1. (3分)惊讶于科技的魅力,我们对其产生了兴趣。(过去分词短语作原因状语)
Amazed at the magic of technology, we became interested in it.
2. (3分)毫无疑问,正是这款机器人识别基本的人类情绪以及在老年人需要陪伴时与他们进行交谈的能力才让它特别有吸引力。(no doubt;强调句)
No doubt it is the robot’s ability to recognise basic human emotions and communicate with the elderly when they need company that makes it particularly appealing.
3. (3分)科学家们在理解癌症的遗传基础方面取得了重大进展,从而为患者提供了更有针对性的治疗。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Scientists have made important advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer, leading to more targeted treatments for patients.
4. (3分)以前不可能的事情已经成为现实,大大改善了人们的生活质量。(主语从句;非限制性定语从句)
What was previously impossible has become a reality, which has significantly improved people’s quality of life.
(15分)上周五,你校组织了一次以“科技让生活更美好”为主题的社会实践活动,学生们参观了一家科技公司。请你为学校英语角写一篇报道,介绍这次活动,内容包括:
1.活动时间、主题;
2.参观过程(听讲座、观摩并体验3D打印技术等);
3.活动感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
Last Friday witnessed an extraordinary activity organised by our school, whose theme was “Technology makes life better”.
In the morning, we set off for a technology company.Upon our arrival, an engineer there welcomed us and gave a lecture on 3D printing,introducing its history, development and application in various fields.In addition, he showed us how the 3D printer worked.Amazed at the magic of technology, we became interested in it.We couldn’t wait to give it a try.Our group first designed a 3D model of a bike and then operated the printer as instructed.The bike gradually taking shape, we felt more than excited.
No doubtit was an educative and eye-opening activity that impressed us with the convenience and benefits brought by technology.
点津:为无灵主语句和非限制性定语从句;
为现在分词短语作伴随状语;
为过去分词短语作原因状语;
为独立主格结构;
为强调句。
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Unit 3 The world of science
以读促写
(限时40分钟 总分67分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Born in 1958 in Nanning, Guangxi Province, Dr Huang Danian became interested in geophysics early.His parents, teaching at a local geological institution, passed the passion down to him.In 1977, Huang was admitted to Changchun Institute of Geology and later taught there.He once wrote that rejuvenating (使恢复活力) the Chinese nation was their generation’s responsibility.
STEP1
语篇训练
In 1992, he went to Britain for further studies.There, he obtained his doctorate in geophysics and joined a local firm.During his time in the UK, Huang remained devoted to the motherland, frequently flying back to China to attend academic meetings or seminars related to his field.In 2009, he returned to China with great resolve.For him, no matter how successful he was abroad, the biggest satisfaction would be improving his home country.
Upon his return to China, he was entrusted to work at Jilin University as a professor and chief scientist in a branch of China’s biggest deep-earth exploration programme.Over 400 scientists participated in the programme, which aimed to fix high-tech cameras on aircraft, ships, and satellites that would enable scientists to see through Earth’s crust (地壳) without digging into it.
For seven years, Huang worked racing against time.Many of his
co-workers called him a workaholic while he thought he was more like a “lunatic (疯狂的人)”.“China is in urgent need of ‘lunatics’ if it is to become a stronger country.It would be an honour if I could be one of them,” he said.The lunatic’s madness paid off.He and his team helped China greatly narrow its gap with developed countries in obtaining precise data on deep-earth exploration.They created a number of China’s No.1s, filling many technical gaps for China’s sky survey, ground detection, and sea exploration.
During his whole life, he sought no fame, and always kept the motherland in mind.As a scientist, he fulfilled his dream of rejuvenating the nation with exceptional achievements.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了黄大年教授的生平事迹,特别是他在深地探测领域的贡献以及他对祖国科技发展的执着追求。
( )1.Why did Dr Huang decide to return and work in China
[A] To work at Jilin University.
[B] To attend academic meetings.
[C] To devote himself to researching.
[D] To serve his motherland whole-heartedly.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段中的“In 2009, he returned to China...would be improving his home country.”可知,黄大年为了全心全意为祖国服务,决定回国工作。故选D。
( )2.What did the deep-earth exploration programme focus on
[A] Discovering new mineral resources.
[B] Competing with developed countries.
[C] Equipping various platforms with cameras.
[D] Helping scientists explore beneath the Earth’s crust.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,深地探测项目的重点是帮助科学家探索地壳下的世界。故选D。
( )3.What did Dr Huang and his team achieve
[A] They won many international awards.
[B] They got accurate data on the deep ocean.
[C] They attained many firsts in relevant fields.
[D] They helped China overtake developed countries.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,黄大年和他的团队在相关领域取得了许多第一。故选C。
( )4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Huang
[A] Committed and patriotic.
[B] Enterprising and crazy.
[C] Sensitive and rigid.
[D] Single-minded and unreliable.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段最后两句和最后一段内容可知,黄大年是忠诚和爱国的。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full use of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 1 on obvious facts, and therefore 2 to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford.
He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths.
However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of the several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England. He began to show how many important 7 could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 8 towards Earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so.But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 9 stones, proving Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s
10 of going directly to nature and proving our 11 and theories by experiment that has 12 all the discoveries of modern science.
What 13 those people good scientists From the example of Galileo, we can see 14 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点:科学家应该是一个很好的观察者,不能盲目相信他人,应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
( )1.[A] dependent [B] based
[C] insisted [D] centred
B
【解析】 根据上文“He makes full use of the facts he observes.”可知,成功的科学家不接受没有明显事实依据的想法,be based on意为“以……为基础/依据”。故选B。
( )2.[A] refuses [B] desires
[C] intends [D] regrets
A
【解析】 根据句意和句中的“therefore”可知,前后为因果关系,不接受没有明显事实依据的想法,因此拒绝(refuses)接受权威是唯一的真理。故选A。
( )3.[A] casually [B] carefully
[C] quickly [D] privately
B
【解析】 根据上文“He always checks ideas”和下文“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处介绍好的科学家的品质,故应为仔细(carefully)检查想法。故选B。
( )4.[A] look [B] keep
[C] date [D] turn
C
【解析】 此处指现代科学的兴起或许被认为最早可以追溯到罗杰·培根时期。date as far back as意为“最早可追溯到”。故选C。
( )5.[A] command [B] suspect
[C] predict [D] conclude
D
【解析】 此处指罗杰·培根可能是中世纪第一个推断出(conclude)我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学的人。故选D。
( )6.[A] brought [B] recorded
[C] discovered [D] announced
C
【解析】 结合句意和后面的宾语“many important truths”可知,他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。故选C。
( )7.[A] truths [B] problems
[C] investigations [D] subjects
A
【解析】 根据下文“could be discovered by observation”以及上文“many important truths”可知,很多真理(truths)可以通过观察而被发现。故选A。
( )8.[A] slowly [B] rapidly
[C] lightly [D] heavily
B
【解析】 此处指在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快(rapidly),因为亚里士多德是这么说的。故选B。
( )9.[A] big [B] small
[C] similar [D] unequal
D
【解析】 根据下文“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知,此处表示使用了两块大小不相等的(unequal)石头。故选D。
( )10.[A] spirit [B] skill
[C] theory [D] wish
A
【解析】 根据上文“But Galileo went to the top of...proving Aristotle was wrong.”可知,这是伽利略科学精神(spirit)的具体表现。故选A。
( )11.[A] plans [B] opinions
[C] world [D] ability
B
【解析】 根据句意和后面的“and theories by experiment”可知,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。故选B。
( )12.[A] led to [B] came with
[C] set up [D] put forward
A
【解析】 此处指正是伽利略直面自然和用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神才引发(led to)了现代科学的所有发现。故选A。
( )13.[A] promises [B] prevents
[C] considers [D] makes
D
【解析】 此处发出疑问:是什么让(makes)这些人成为优秀的科学家 故选D。
( )14.[A] likely [B] clearly
[C] naturally [D] unwillingly
B
【解析】 根据上文“It is Galileo’s...and theories by experiment”可知,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人,这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地(clearly)知道。故选B。
( )15.[A] foreseen [B] rejected
[C] produced [D] challenged
C
【解析】 根据后面的宾语“better results”可知,此处指那些成功的科学家们的观察产生了(produced)更好的结果。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Can you imagine what the future will be like Some 1.
(company) are looking to produce flying vehicles.That is amazing.If we have our own 2. (person) flying cars, we would fly at the speed of 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding busy roads.However, 3. seems that there is a long way to go before they get off the ground! One of the problems 4. (point) out by some people is what 5. (happen) if the flying cars break down.
companies
personal
it
pointed
will happen
Others are trying to build a practical suit“exoskeleton”, a suit of robot arms and legs 6. follows your movement.It will allow the wearer 7. (lift) heavy objects and walk a long way! It is useful in many ways, 8. (especial) for people with disabilities.This suit might help people to walk again after disease or injury.But the disadvantage at the moment is battery life.A suit like this potentially 9. (need) a lot of power but batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment.
which/that
to lift
especially
needs
So in the future, whether we may fly to work 10. lift heavy objects with the“exoskeleton”, there are plenty of problems to solve before this is possible.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了两项未来科技——飞行汽车和“外骨骼”套装的可行性,以及人们需要为此做出哪些努力。
or
1.【解析】 考查名词复数。Some后需接可数名词复数,故填companies。
2.【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰flying cars,应用形容词作定语,故填personal。
3. 【解析】 考查代词。it seems that...意为“似乎……”,为固定句型,故填it。
4.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,主句已有谓语动词is,其后为what引导的表语从句,所以此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词problems,动词point与名词problems之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填pointed。
5.【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据“if the flying cars break down”可知,if引导的条件状语从句表示对将来情况的预测时,要遵从“主将从现”原则,所以此处表语从句的谓语动词应用一般将来时,故填will happen。
6.【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词是a suit of robot arms and legs,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填which/that。
7.【解析】 考查动词不定式。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”,故填to lift。
8.【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,表示“尤其”,故填especially。
9.【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空后的last可知,此处谓语动词应用一般现在时,描述客观事实,主语是A suit,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填needs。
10.【解析】 考查连词。根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应用whether...or...结构,意为“无论是……还是……”,故填or。
STEP2
语篇选词
1.become interested in 对……感兴趣
2.pass...down to sb 把……传给某人
3.pay off 取得成功,奏效
4.make full use of充分利用
5.be based on...以……为基础/依据
6.point out 指出
STEP3
教材超链接
1.become a reality成为现实
2.in conversation(s) with与……交谈
3.make important advances in...在……方面取得重大进展
4.in terms of...在……方面;从……角度来看;就……而言
5.be capable of有能力做/能够……
6.inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
7.no doubt毫无疑问
8.improve the quality of life for...改善……的生活质量
9.send a warning to...向……发送警告
10.respond to回应,应对
1. (3分)惊讶于科技的魅力,我们对其产生了兴趣。(过去分词短语作原因状语)
STEP4
扩词成句
Amazed at the magic of technology, we became interested in it.
2. (3分)毫无疑问,正是这款机器人识别基本的人类情绪以及在老年人需要陪伴时与他们进行交谈的能力才让它特别有吸引力。(no doubt;强调句)
No doubt it is the robot’s ability to recognise basic human emotions and communicate with the elderly when they need company that makes it particularly appealing.
3. (3分)科学家们在理解癌症的遗传基础方面取得了重大进展,从而为患者提供了更有针对性的治疗。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Scientists have made important advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer, leading to more targeted treatments for patients.
4. (3分)以前不可能的事情已经成为现实,大大改善了人们的生活质量。(主语从句;非限制性定语从句)
What was previously impossible has become a reality, which has significantly improved people’s quality of life.
(15分)上周五,你校组织了一次以“科技让生活更美好”为主题的社会实践活动,学生们参观了一家科技公司。请你为学校英语角写一篇报道,介绍这次活动,内容包括:
1.活动时间、主题;
2.参观过程(听讲座、观摩并体验3D打印技术等);
3.活动感受。
STEP5
应用文写作
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
