Unit 6 Survival
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
A grey-headed flying fox is back gliding through the night after life-saving surgery on a broken wing.The female flying fox’s wing was badly injured when it was twisted in a net placed over fruit trees in Geelong,Victoria.It was rescued and taken to Werribee Open Range Zoo’s veterinary hospital where it needed two operations to repair the wing.
Paul Eden,doctor of the hospital,said,“The flying fox was in a very serious condition when it arrived.” Flying foxes are highly dependent on their wings for many purposes.They can fly an astonishing 6,000 kilometres in a year to search for food and pollinate a wide range of plants.They also use their wings to help capture insects,regulate body temperature and attract other flying foxes during mating season.So,it was extremely important that we did everything we could to help this animal make a full recovery.Vets operated to remove some of the flying fox’s damaged wing tissue and also gave it antibiotics (抗生素) and pain relief medication.
Following the successful procedure,the flying fox was transferred to a wildlife carer to prepare it for release back into where it belonged.Dr Eden said,“It is very rewarding to see the flying fox recover fully and safely return home.” According to researchers from Werribee Open Range Zoo,flying foxes play a critical role in Australia’s ecosystem,not only for the survival of other native animals but also for humans.Our ecosystem would be dramatically different without flying foxes.
Dr Eden noted that there were some simple actions people could take to keep flying foxes safe,including reducing the risk of twisting by using nets with a size no bigger than 5 mm×5 mm when fully stretched over vegetable gardens or fruit trees.“If you encounter a flying fox that is sick or in distress,for the safety of everyone,don’t attempt to rescue the animal yourself.Instead,contact the relevant departments that will send a trained officer to rescue the animal,” Dr Eden said.
( )1.How did the flying fox get injured in the wing
[A] It was stuck in the net.
[B] It was hit by the fruits.
[C] It was hunted while flying.
[D] It was twisted in the branches.
( )2.What is Paragraph 2 intended to do
[A] Analyse the reason.
[B] Draw a conclusion.
[C] Present a problem.
[D] Add some backgrounds.
( )3.How will the flying fox be dealt with after recovery
[A] It will be raised in a reserve.
[B] It will be adopted by Dr Eden.
[C] It will be set free back to nature.
[D] It will be tended by a wildlife carer.
( )4.What did Dr Eden advise us to do while coming across an injured flying fox
[A] Rescue it on the spot.
[B] Seek professional aid.
[C] Send it to the relevant departments in person.
[D] Drive it to hospital as soon as possible.
B
A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground.Led by Timothy Eppley,PhD,scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago,Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs,which were known to spend most of their days in the trees,feeding on bamboo leaves.However,he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet.He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them to move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas,the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month.But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens,primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,”Eppley says.“However,other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the trees.For these species,we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations,primates can face problems when they leave the trees.They can become victims of other animals and diseases.Besides,they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground,thus having a broad or flexible diet is important.Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
( )5.Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study
[A] To try to make primates more adaptive.
[B] To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
[C] To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
[D] To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
( )6.How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research
[A] By doing experiments.
[B] By observing in the wild.
[C] By studying collected data.
[D] By interviewing the locals.
( )7.Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees
[A] Those eating diverse diets.
[B] Those with a large size.
[C] Those feeding mainly on fruits.
[D] Those living in small groups.
( )8.What will become a concern according to the study
[A] Animals will become less adaptive.
[B] The forest ecosystem will become worse.
[C] More natural habitats will be lost.
[D] More animal-related diseases will appear.
C
Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method used to make designs and drawings, usually on cloth and finished textiles.Batik makers use dyes(染料)—colours added to cloth and other materials—to create the colourful designs.
In central Indonesia,many batik makers are using natural dyes instead of manufactured ones.The natural dyes come from mangrove forests (红树林) that grow along the coast.The trees grow in salty water on a complex system of tall roots.
Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.They provide a barrier against destructive ocean waves called tsunamis.They are also important to underwater creatures like fish and crabs.And the forests are more effective in taking in carbon dioxide,a gas linked to climate change,than rainforests or similar environments.
Erwin Ardli is a mangrove ecologist at Indonesia’s Jenderal Soedirman University.He says the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones.But they are better for the environment.
Ardli said,“we’ve seen the interest in natural dyes increasing,and especially for middle-class and upper-class people,they seem proud to wear clothes using these natural dyes rather than synthetic (合成的) ones.”
Iiting Budiarti,who owns an art gallery that shows Batik designs,agreed with Ardli,adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
Forty-eight-year-old Sodikin is a batik maker.Over the past four years,he and his group of batik makers have changed from using chemical materials for dyes to mangrove-based products.The change has reduced their costs and helped the environment.Harvesting involves gathering a handful of what looks like string beans—seeds within a covering.Sodikin then takes the mangrove fruit home to make natural dyes from them.
“We use natural materials so as to preserve the mangrove forest at the same time,”Sodikin said.“We do not cut down the trees,” he added,“and we only take fruits or leaves that have fallen.”
( )9.What does “Batik” in Paragraph 1 refer to
[A] A traditional Indonesian colour.
[B] A way of colouring.
[C] A kind of cloth.
[D] A material for designs.
( )10.Why does the author introduce the mangrove forests in Paragraph 3
[A] To research the source of the natural dyes.
[B] To explain why mangroves are there.
[C] To show the importance of mangroves.
[D] To compare mangroves with other trees.
( )11.What can we say about the natural dyes in Indonesia
[A] They are bright enough.
[B] They are expensive.
[C] They are hard to get.
[D] They are environmentally friendly.
( )12.Which of the following can be the best title
[A] Natural Dyes for Cloth Design Can Help Mangrove Forests
[B] The Mangrove Forests in Indonesia
[C] A New Colouring Method
[D] The Natural Dyes and Synthetic Ones
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In 2014,a Chinese sophomore went to Beijing Zoo with friends for a birthday celebration. Little did he know that a chance 1 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast forward to today,Xu Yitang,a Beijing native,has 2 to the tropical island of South China’s Hainan Province,where he serves as a coral 3 for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day,he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 4 the growth and development of the creatures that 5 him all those years ago.Xu,who is nicknamed “coral man”,is 6 engaged on social media platforms,where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals.He aims to 7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu,who had been studying Beijing Opera since childhood,becoming a coral conservationist was an 8 turn of events.After he first saw corals at the aquarium,he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants,fish and corals.He also 11 information online.Before long,he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
“The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 12 for water quality,” recalls Xu.“When I started growing coral,its state was not 13 .” But as Xu gained more 14 about coral,including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels,his coral gradually started to flourish.He also learnt that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean,providing a 15 for a quarter of all sea creatures.
( )1.[A] accident [B] encounter
[C] application [D] performance
( )2.[A] moved [B] driven
[C] appealed [D] signalled
( )3.[A] educator [B] ambassador
[C] artist [D] conservationist
( )4.[A] approve [B] increase
[C] document [D] smooth
( )5.[A] separated [B] relieved
[C] preserved [D] fascinated
( )6.[A] actively [B] finally
[C] universally [D] skillfully
( )7.[A] teach [B] arrange
[C] encourage [D] force
( )8.[A] impractical [B] unexpected
[C] unfortunate [D] unacceptable
( )9.[A] frequent [B] expand
[C] manage [D] improve
( )10.[A] selling [B] observing
[C] farming [D] decorating
( )11.[A] answered for [B] brought in
[C] searched for [D] gave out
( )12.[A] requirements [B] reputations
[C] periods [D] priorities
( )13.[A] pure [B] good
[C] confusing [D] strict
( )14.[A] evidence [B] care
[C] equipment [D] knowledge
( )15.[A] map [B] home
[C] platform [D] container
Unit 6 Survival
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
A grey-headed flying fox is back gliding through the night after life-saving surgery on a broken wing.The female flying fox’s wing was badly injured when it was twisted in a net placed over fruit trees in Geelong,Victoria.It was rescued and taken to Werribee Open Range Zoo’s veterinary hospital where it needed two operations to repair the wing.
Paul Eden,doctor of the hospital,said,“The flying fox was in a very serious condition when it arrived.” Flying foxes are highly dependent on their wings for many purposes.They can fly an astonishing 6,000 kilometres in a year to search for food and pollinate a wide range of plants.They also use their wings to help capture insects,regulate body temperature and attract other flying foxes during mating season.So,it was extremely important that we did everything we could to help this animal make a full recovery.Vets operated to remove some of the flying fox’s damaged wing tissue and also gave it antibiotics (抗生素) and pain relief medication.
Following the successful procedure,the flying fox was transferred to a wildlife carer to prepare it for release back into where it belonged.Dr Eden said,“It is very rewarding to see the flying fox recover fully and safely return home.” According to researchers from Werribee Open Range Zoo,flying foxes play a critical role in Australia’s ecosystem,not only for the survival of other native animals but also for humans.Our ecosystem would be dramatically different without flying foxes.
Dr Eden noted that there were some simple actions people could take to keep flying foxes safe,including reducing the risk of twisting by using nets with a size no bigger than 5 mm×5 mm when fully stretched over vegetable gardens or fruit trees.“If you encounter a flying fox that is sick or in distress,for the safety of everyone,don’t attempt to rescue the animal yourself.Instead,contact the relevant departments that will send a trained officer to rescue the animal,” Dr Eden said.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只灰头狐蝠在接受了翅膀断裂的救生手术后,将重新回归到自然。
( )1.How did the flying fox get injured in the wing
[A] It was stuck in the net.
[B] It was hit by the fruits.
[C] It was hunted while flying.
[D] It was twisted in the branches.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,这只狐蝠被网缠住了。故选A。
( )2.What is Paragraph 2 intended to do
[A] Analyse the reason.
[B] Draw a conclusion.
[C] Present a problem.
[D] Add some backgrounds.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要提供了关于狐蝠的一些背景知识。故选D。
( )3.How will the flying fox be dealt with after recovery
[A] It will be raised in a reserve.
[B] It will be adopted by Dr Eden.
[C] It will be set free back to nature.
[D] It will be tended by a wildlife carer.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知,这只狐蝠将被送回大自然。故选C。
( )4.What did Dr Eden advise us to do while coming across an injured flying fox
[A] Rescue it on the spot.
[B] Seek professional aid.
[C] Send it to the relevant departments in person.
[D] Drive it to hospital as soon as possible.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,Eden医生建议我们在遇到受伤的狐蝠时寻求专业帮助。故选B。
B
A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground.Led by Timothy Eppley,PhD,scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago,Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs,which were known to spend most of their days in the trees,feeding on bamboo leaves.However,he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet.He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them to move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas,the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month.But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens,primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,”Eppley says.“However,other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the trees.For these species,we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations,primates can face problems when they leave the trees.They can become victims of other animals and diseases.Besides,they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground,thus having a broad or flexible diet is important.Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究发现:森林的破坏以及气候变化使得一些灵长类动物被迫选择到地面生活。
( )5.Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study
[A] To try to make primates more adaptive.
[B] To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
[C] To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
[D] To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句以及第二段的最后两句可知,Timothy Eppley开始研究是想找出灵长类动物选择到地面生活的原因。故选D。
( )6.How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research
[A] By doing experiments.
[B] By observing in the wild.
[C] By studying collected data.
[D] By interviewing the locals.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容以及第四段的第一句可知,Eppley通过分析收集到的数据进行这项研究。故选C。
( )7.Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees
[A] Those eating diverse diets.
[B] Those with a large size.
[C] Those feeding mainly on fruits.
[D] Those living in small groups.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,那些饮食多样化的灵长类动物更倾向于到地面生活。故选A。
( )8.What will become a concern according to the study
[A] Animals will become less adaptive.
[B] The forest ecosystem will become worse.
[C] More natural habitats will be lost.
[D] More animal-related diseases will appear.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,在森林里灵长类动物是植物种子的重要传播者,如果它们到地面栖息,将会影响森林的生态系统。故选B。
C
Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method used to make designs and drawings, usually on cloth and finished textiles.Batik makers use dyes(染料)—colours added to cloth and other materials—to create the colourful designs.
In central Indonesia,many batik makers are using natural dyes instead of manufactured ones.The natural dyes come from mangrove forests (红树林) that grow along the coast.The trees grow in salty water on a complex system of tall roots.
Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.They provide a barrier against destructive ocean waves called tsunamis.They are also important to underwater creatures like fish and crabs.And the forests are more effective in taking in carbon dioxide,a gas linked to climate change,than rainforests or similar environments.
Erwin Ardli is a mangrove ecologist at Indonesia’s Jenderal Soedirman University.He says the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones.But they are better for the environment.
Ardli said,“we’ve seen the interest in natural dyes increasing,and especially for middle-class and upper-class people,they seem proud to wear clothes using these natural dyes rather than synthetic (合成的) ones.”
Iiting Budiarti,who owns an art gallery that shows Batik designs,agreed with Ardli,adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
Forty-eight-year-old Sodikin is a batik maker.Over the past four years,he and his group of batik makers have changed from using chemical materials for dyes to mangrove-based products.The change has reduced their costs and helped the environment.Harvesting involves gathering a handful of what looks like string beans—seeds within a covering.Sodikin then takes the mangrove fruit home to make natural dyes from them.
“We use natural materials so as to preserve the mangrove forest at the same time,”Sodikin said.“We do not cut down the trees,” he added,“and we only take fruits or leaves that have fallen.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林,红树林有助于保护环境,同时红树林也是对抗海啸的屏障。
( )9.What does “Batik” in Paragraph 1 refer to
[A] A traditional Indonesian colour.
[B] A way of colouring.
[C] A kind of cloth.
[D] A material for designs.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段第一句中的“Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method”可知,蜡染是印度尼西亚传统的着色方法。故选B。
( )10.Why does the author introduce the mangrove forests in Paragraph 3
[A] To research the source of the natural dyes.
[B] To explain why mangroves are there.
[C] To show the importance of mangroves.
[D] To compare mangroves with other trees.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。第三段的第一句“Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.”为本段的主题句,该段主要讲了红树林起着重要的作用,从而为下文讲的“使用来自红树林的自然染料对环境有好处”作铺垫。故选C。
( )11.What can we say about the natural dyes in Indonesia
[A] They are bright enough.
[B] They are expensive.
[C] They are hard to get.
[D] They are environmentally friendly.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,天然染料没有人造染料鲜艳,但更环保。故选D。
( )12.Which of the following can be the best title
[A] Natural Dyes for Cloth Design Can Help Mangrove Forests
[B] The Mangrove Forests in Indonesia
[C] A New Colouring Method
[D] The Natural Dyes and Synthetic Ones
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林的果实和叶子,所以这种自然染料的应用不但不需要砍伐红树林,反而保护了红树林,而且红树林有助于保护环境。所以A项适合作文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In 2014,a Chinese sophomore went to Beijing Zoo with friends for a birthday celebration. Little did he know that a chance 1 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast forward to today,Xu Yitang,a Beijing native,has 2 to the tropical island of South China’s Hainan Province,where he serves as a coral 3 for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day,he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 4 the growth and development of the creatures that 5 him all those years ago.Xu,who is nicknamed “coral man”,is 6 engaged on social media platforms,where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals.He aims to 7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu,who had been studying Beijing Opera since childhood,becoming a coral conservationist was an 8 turn of events.After he first saw corals at the aquarium,he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants,fish and corals.He also 11 information online.Before long,he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
“The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 12 for water quality,” recalls Xu.“When I started growing coral,its state was not 13 .” But as Xu gained more 14 about coral,including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels,his coral gradually started to flourish.He also learnt that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean,providing a 15 for a quarter of all sea creatures.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国学生徐一唐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱,以及后来成为一名珊瑚保护主义者的故事。
( )1.[A] accident [B] encounter
[C] application [D] performance
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“went to Beijing Zoo with friends for a birthday celebration”和第四段中的“After he first saw corals at the aquarium”可知,他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生,并没有特意计划,他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚,所以是偶然在水族馆遇到(encounter)了珊瑚。故选B。
( )2.[A] moved [B] driven
[C] appealed [D] signalled
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“to the tropical island of...as a coral 3 ”可知,身为北京人的徐一唐搬到了(moved)海南省的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。
( )3.[A] educator [B] ambassador
[C] artist [D] conservationist
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文中的“Xu,who is nicknamed ‘coral man’”和“He aims to...and the oceans as a whole.”可知,他致力于保护珊瑚,所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者(conservationist)。第四段中的“becoming a coral conservationist”也是提示。故选D。
( )4.[A] approve [B] increase
[C] document [D] smooth
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“the growth and development of the creatures”可知,这里表示观察和记录(document)珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。
( )5.[A] separated [B] relieved
[C] preserved [D] fascinated
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文中的“light a lifelong passion”可知,他对珊瑚深深迷恋(fascinated)。故选D。
( )6.[A] actively [B] finally
[C] universally [D] skillfully
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据句中的“where he regularly shares...videos of corals”可知,他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频,所以他在这些媒体平台上很活跃(actively)。故选A。
( )7.[A] teach [B] arrange
[C] encourage [D] force
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“individuals to take action...as a whole”可知,他想通过这种方式鼓励(encourage)人们行动起来,保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。
( )8.[A] impractical [B] unexpected
[C] unfortunate [D] unacceptable
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句中的“For Xu,who had been studying Beijing Opera since childhood”可知,徐一唐从小学习京剧,而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者,这是意想不到的(unexpected)转变。故选B。
( )9.[A] frequent [B] expand
[C] manage [D] improve
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“the local market to learn”可知,他常去光顾(frequent)当地市场,去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选A。
( )10.[A] selling [B] observing
[C] farming [D] decorating
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“started cultivating a coral”可知,他后来开始养殖珊瑚,所以他从商人那里了解珊瑚养殖(farming)的知识。故选C。
( )11.[A] answered for [B] brought in
[C] searched for [D] gave out
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的“learn about coral 10 ”和空后的“information online”可知,他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识,还去网上搜索(searched for)信息。故选C。
( )12.[A] requirements [B] reputations
[C] periods [D] priorities
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据句中的“is quite sensitive to its environment”可知,珊瑚对环境很敏感,所以珊瑚养殖对水质的要求(requirements)很高。故选A。
( )13.[A] pure [B] good
[C] confusing [D] strict
【答案】 B
【解析】 下句中的But表明前后句之间是转折关系,根据下一句“But as Xu gained more...started to flourish.”可知,他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长,由此可推知,一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好(good)。故选B。
( )14.[A] evidence [B] care
[C] equipment [D] knowledge
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句中的“including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels”可知,这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识(knowledge)。故选D。
( )15.[A] map [B] home
[C] platform [D] container
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据本句语境以及常识可知,珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”,是海洋生物的栖息地,给海洋生物提供了家园(home)。故选B。
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第
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Unit 6 Survival
题组训练
(限时35分钟 总分45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
A grey-headed flying fox is back gliding through the night after life-saving surgery on a broken wing.The female flying fox’s wing was badly injured when it was twisted in a net placed over fruit trees in Geelong, Victoria.It was rescued and taken to Werribee Open Range Zoo’s veterinary hospital where it needed two operations to repair the wing.
Paul Eden,doctor of the hospital,said,“The flying fox was in a very serious condition when it arrived.” Flying foxes are highly dependent on their wings for many purposes.They can fly an astonishing 6,000 kilometres in a year to search for food and pollinate a wide range of plants.They also use their wings to help capture insects,regulate body temperature and attract other flying foxes during mating season.So,it was extremely important that we did everything we could to help this animal make a full recovery.Vets operated to remove some of the flying fox’s damaged wing tissue and also gave it antibiotics (抗生素) and pain relief medication.
Following the successful procedure,the flying fox was transferred to a wildlife carer to prepare it for release back into where it belonged.Dr Eden said,“It is very rewarding to see the flying fox recover fully and safely return home.” According to researchers from Werribee Open Range Zoo,flying foxes play a critical role in Australia’s ecosystem,not only for the survival of other native animals but also for humans.Our ecosystem would be dramatically different without flying foxes.
Dr Eden noted that there were some simple actions people could take to keep flying foxes safe,including reducing the risk of twisting by using nets with a size no bigger than 5 mm×5 mm when fully stretched over vegetable gardens or fruit trees.“If you encounter a flying fox that is sick or in distress,for the safety of everyone,don’t attempt to rescue the animal yourself.Instead,contact the relevant departments that will send a trained officer to rescue the animal,” Dr Eden said.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只灰头狐蝠在接受了翅膀断裂的救生手术后,将重新回归到自然。
( )1.How did the flying fox get injured in the wing
[A] It was stuck in the net.
[B] It was hit by the fruits.
[C] It was hunted while flying.
[D] It was twisted in the branches.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,这只狐蝠被网缠住了。故选A。
( )2.What is Paragraph 2 intended to do
[A] Analyse the reason.
[B] Draw a conclusion.
[C] Present a problem.
[D] Add some backgrounds.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要提供了关于狐蝠的一些背景知识。故选D。
( )3.How will the flying fox be dealt with after recovery
[A] It will be raised in a reserve.
[B] It will be adopted by Dr Eden.
[C] It will be set free back to nature.
[D] It will be tended by a wildlife carer.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知,这只狐蝠将被送回大自然。故选C。
( )4.What did Dr Eden advise us to do while coming across an injured flying fox
[A] Rescue it on the spot.
[B] Seek professional aid.
[C] Send it to the relevant departments in person.
[D] Drive it to hospital as soon as possible.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,Eden医生建议我们在遇到受伤的狐蝠时寻求专业帮助。故选B。
B
A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground.Led by Timothy Eppley,PhD,
scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago,Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs,which were known to spend most of their days in the trees,feeding on bamboo leaves.However,he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet.He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them to move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas,the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month.But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens,primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,”Eppley says. “However,other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the trees.For these species,we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations,primates can face problems when they leave the trees.They can become victims of other animals and diseases.Besides,they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground,thus having a broad or flexible diet is important.Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究发现:森林的破坏以及气候变化使得一些灵长类动物被迫选择到地面生活。
( )5.Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study
[A] To try to make primates more adaptive.
[B] To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
[C] To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
[D] To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句以及第二段的最后两句可知,Timothy Eppley开始研究是想找出灵长类动物选择到地面生活的原因。故选D。
( )6.How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research
[A] By doing experiments.
[B] By observing in the wild.
[C] By studying collected data.
[D] By interviewing the locals.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容以及第四段的第一句可知,Eppley通过分析收集到的数据进行这项研究。故选C。
( )7.Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees
[A] Those eating diverse diets.
[B] Those with a large size.
[C] Those feeding mainly on fruits.
[D] Those living in small groups.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,那些饮食多样化的灵长类动物更倾向于到地面生活。故选A。
( )8.What will become a concern according to the study
[A] Animals will become less adaptive.
[B] The forest ecosystem will become worse.
[C] More natural habitats will be lost.
[D] More animal-related diseases will appear.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,在森林里灵长类动物是植物种子的重要传播者,如果它们到地面栖息,将会影响森林的生态系统。故选B。
C
Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method used to make designs and drawings,usually on cloth and finished textiles.Batik makers use dyes(染料)—colours added to cloth and other materials—to create the colourful designs.
In central Indonesia,many batik makers are using natural dyes instead of manufactured ones.The natural dyes come from mangrove forests (红树林) that grow along the coast.The trees grow in salty water on a complex system of tall roots.
Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.They provide a barrier against destructive ocean waves called tsunamis.They are also important to underwater creatures like fish and crabs.And the forests are more effective in taking in carbon dioxide,a gas linked to climate change,than rainforests or similar environments.
Erwin Ardli is a mangrove ecologist at Indonesia’s Jenderal Soedirman University.He says the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones.But they are better for the environment.
Ardli said,“we’ve seen the interest in natural dyes increasing,and especially for middle-class and upper-class people,they seem proud to wear clothes using these natural dyes rather than synthetic (合成的) ones.”
Iiting Budiarti,who owns an art gallery that shows Batik designs,agreed with Ardli,adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
Forty-eight-year-old Sodikin is a batik maker.Over the past four years,he and his group of batik makers have changed from using chemical materials for dyes to mangrove-based products.The change has reduced their costs and helped the environment.Harvesting involves gathering a handful of what looks like string beans—seeds within a covering.Sodikin then takes the mangrove fruit home to make natural dyes from them.
“We use natural materials so as to preserve the mangrove forest at the same time,”Sodikin said.“We do not cut down the trees,” he added,“and we only take fruits or leaves that have fallen.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林,红树林有助于保护环境,同时红树林也是对抗海啸的屏障。
( )9.What does “Batik” in Paragraph 1 refer to
[A] A traditional Indonesian colour.
[B] A way of colouring.
[C] A kind of cloth.
[D] A material for designs.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段第一句中的“Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method”可知,蜡染是印度尼西亚传统的着色方法。故选B。
( )10.Why does the author introduce the mangrove forests in Paragraph 3
[A] To research the source of the natural dyes.
[B] To explain why mangroves are there.
[C] To show the importance of mangroves.
[D] To compare mangroves with other trees.
C
【解析】推理判断题。第三段的第一句“Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.”为本段的主题句,该段主要讲了红树林起着重要的作用,从而为下文讲的“使用来自红树林的自然染料对环境有好处”作铺垫。故选C。
( )11.What can we say about the natural dyes in Indonesia
[A] They are bright enough.
[B] They are expensive.
[C] They are hard to get.
[D] They are environmentally friendly.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,天然染料没有人造染料鲜艳,但更环保。故选D。
( )12.Which of the following can be the best title
[A] Natural Dyes for Cloth Design Can Help Mangrove Forests
[B] The Mangrove Forests in Indonesia
[C] A New Colouring Method
[D] The Natural Dyes and Synthetic Ones
A
【解析】 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林的果实和叶子,所以这种自然染料的应用不但不需要砍伐红树林,反而保护了红树林,而且红树林有助于保护环境。所以A项适合作文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In 2014,a Chinese sophomore went to Beijing Zoo with friends for a birthday celebration.Little did he know that a chance 1 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast forward to today,Xu Yitang,a Beijing native,has 2 to the tropical island of South China’s Hainan Province,where he serves as a coral
3 for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day,he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 4 the growth and development of the creatures that
5 him all those years ago.Xu,who is nicknamed “coral man”,is
6 engaged on social media platforms,where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals.He aims to
7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu,who had been studying Beijing Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an 8 turn of events.After he first saw corals at the aquarium,he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants,fish and corals.He also 11 information online.Before long,he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
“The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 12 for water quality,” recalls Xu.“When I started growing coral,its state was not 13 .” But as Xu gained more 14 about coral,including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels,his coral gradually started to flourish.He also learnt that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean,providing a 15 for a quarter of all sea creatures.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国学生徐一唐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱,以及后来成为一名珊瑚保护主义者的故事。
( )1.[A] accident [B] encounter
[C] application [D] performance
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“went to Beijing Zoo with friends for a birthday celebration”和第四段中的“After he first saw corals at the aquarium”可知,他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生,并没有特意计划,他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚,所以是偶然在水族馆遇到(encounter)了珊瑚。故选B。
( )2.[A] moved [B] driven
[C] appealed [D] signalled
A
【解析】 根据空后的“to the tropical island of...as a coral 3 ”可知,身为北京人的徐一唐搬到了(moved)海南省的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。
( )3.[A] educator [B] ambassador
[C] artist [D] conservationist
D
【解析】 根据下文中的“Xu,who is nicknamed ‘coral man’”和“He aims to...and the oceans as a whole.”可知,他致力于保护珊瑚,所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者(conservationist)。第四段中的“becoming a coral conservationist”也是提示。故选D。
( )4.[A] approve [B] increase
[C] document [D] smooth
C
【解析】 根据空后的“the growth and development of the creatures”可知,这里表示观察和记录(document)珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。
( )5.[A] separated [B] relieved
[C] preserved [D] fascinated
D
【解析】 根据上文中的“light a lifelong passion”可知,他对珊瑚深深迷恋(fascinated)。故选D。
( )6.[A] actively [B] finally
[C] universally [D] skillfully
A
【解析】 根据句中的“where he regularly shares...videos of corals”可知,他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频,所以他在这些媒体平台上很活跃(actively)。故选A。
( )7.[A] teach [B] arrange
[C] encourage [D] force
C
【解析】 根据空后的“individuals to take action...as a whole”可知,他想通过这种方式鼓励(encourage)人们行动起来,保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。
( )8.[A] impractical [B] unexpected
[C] unfortunate [D] unacceptable
B
【解析】 根据句中的“For Xu,who had been studying Beijing Opera since childhood”可知,徐一唐从小学习京剧,而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者,这是意想不到的(unexpected)转变。故选B。
( )9.[A] frequent [B] expand
[C] manage [D] improve
A
【解析】 根据空后的“the local market to learn”可知,他常去光顾(frequent)当地市场,去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选A。
( )10.[A] selling [B] observing
[C] farming [D] decorating
C
【解析】 根据下文中的“started cultivating a coral”可知,他后来开始养殖珊瑚,所以他从商人那里了解珊瑚养殖(farming)的知识。故选C。
( )11.[A] answered for [B] brought in
[C] searched for [D] gave out
C
【解析】 根据上文中的“learn about coral 10 ”和空后的“information online”可知,他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识,还去网上搜索(searched for)信息。故选C。
( )12.[A] requirements [B] reputations
[C] periods [D] priorities
A
【解析】 根据句中的“is quite sensitive to its environment”可知,珊瑚对环境很敏感,所以珊瑚养殖对水质的要求(requirements)很高。故选A。
( )13.[A] pure [B] good
[C] confusing [D] strict
B
【解析】 下句中的But表明前后句之间是转折关系,根据下一句“But as Xu gained more...started to flourish.”可知,他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长,由此可推知,一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好(good)。故选B。
( )14.[A] evidence [B] care
[C] equipment [D] knowledge
D
【解析】根据句中的“including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels”可知,这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识(knowledge)。故选D。
( )15.[A] map [B] home
[C] platform [D] container
B
【解析】 根据本句语境以及常识可知,珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”,是海洋生物的栖息地,给海洋生物提供了家园(home)。故选B。
