Unit 2 Lessons in life
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
I once complained to my friend Mike,“I often cycle for two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.” He replied,“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought that all those people who pay money to go to a gym sit on stationary exercise bicycles while I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote,“Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.
Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened,vision cleared,
ambition inspired,and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships,problems,accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity,we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.
He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the best pilots.He said,“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that.That’s nonsense.Make up your mind,you’ll never use crutches or a stick,then have a go at everything.Go to school,join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never,never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common thread is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.They took up the challenge.They won.
Nevertheless,there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
( )1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage
[A] One who wants to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life.
[B] Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
[C] Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health.
[D] People’s attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success.
( )2.What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said
[A] Failure is the mother of success.
[B] A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
[C] If you risk nothing,you will have nothing.
[D] Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
( )3.What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph
[A] How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced.
[B] Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble.
[C] What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face.
[D] What great people have in common.
( )4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
[A] Different Attitudes Towards Misfortune
[B] Face Difficulties with a Smile
[C] Nothing Is Impossible
[D] Life Is Full of Adversity
B
In 1995,a young computer student at Stanford University listed about 10 ideas for the subject of his dissertation (学位论文).He ultimately chose the option concerning charting the hyperlinks between sites,which later permanently changed the way we navigate (浏览) the Internet and earned him a good fame.
Research shows people rarely assess the value of their own ideas accurately.This means that we often fail to see the potential in our best ideas,leading us to jettison them and waste time on less promising ventures.Fortunately,these studies also suggest some clever ways to avoid making this mistake.
One insightful study comes from Professor Justin at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.In his experiments,he asked participants to invent new products or services.The participants first brainstormed a list of ideas,which they ranked in order of preference,after which they were given more time to develop their concepts.A team of independent judges then rated the quality of the final designs.
Professor Justin found that in general,the participants preferred the concepts that were the most concrete and initially appeared to be the easiest to apply.This meant that they often overlooked slightly more abstract ideas that were not immediately practical.With development,
however,the potential uses of the abstract ideas soon became apparent—leading them to be more popular with the independent judges.
As Professor Justin’s results show,we may be consistently missing out on our best ideas.
One way to improve our judgement may be to encourage the right kind of reflective thinking.
Professor Justin,for instance,found he could improve participants’ forecasts by asking them to justify why they had chosen their rankings.With extra thought,an abstract idea that initially appeared less promising will begin to gain substance and might soon start to seem more exciting.
We may never know what made the young computer student leave his other ideas,but the above technique can help us identify the projects with the greatest potential.We can sift (挑选) the gold from the debris of our creativity and never risk wasting a valuable idea.
( )5.What does the underlined word “jettison” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A] Assess. [B] Abandon.
[C] Transform. [D] Challenge.
( )6.What did Professor Justin’s experiments reveal about the participants
[A] They often neglected less practical ideas initially.
[B] They took the judges’ preferences into account.
[C] They favoured abstract ideas over concrete ones.
[D] They tended to choose ideas with great potential.
( )7.Which of the following shows “reflective thinking”
[A] Sticking to the initial rankings.
[B] Appreciating the ideas of others.
[C] Looking at the positive side of an option.
[D] Exploring the motivations behind our choices.
( )8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
[A] How to Choose a Promising Paper Topic
[B] Why We Are Poor Decision-makers
[C] How to Identify Truly Great Ideas
[D] Why Our Brain Favours the Concrete
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Reactions to Disappointments
No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.1. They tend to react to them in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointments as a chance to grow.
One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.For example,Helen,a woman trying to win a promotion,works hard for over a year in her department,anticipating getting a good result.2. Deeply depressed and in despair,Helen loses her love of her job.
3. Jamal fails to get into the college his brother is attending,the college that was the focus of all his dreams,and decides to escape his disappointment.He covers up his real feelings by giving up his schoolwork and getting completely busy with friends,parties,and “good times”.
The positive way to react to disappointments is to use them as a chance of growth.This isn’t easy,but it’s the only useful way to deal with an unavoidable part of life.4. If her boss doesn’t recognise her talent and hard work,perhaps she could move to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she would be sure to get the next promotion.5. Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person,out of his brother’s shadow,and realise that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgement on his abilities or potential.
Disappointments are unwelcome but a regular visitor to everyone’s life.Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.
A.Jamal should check out other schools.
B.Instead,Jamal doesn’t worry about college at all.
C.However,the boss names one of Helen’s co-workers to the spot.
D.Another negative reaction to disappointments is the desire to escape.
E.Strangely,though,most people seem unprepared for disappointments.
F.Helen could have handled her disappointment by looking at other choices.
G.All the other employees tell Helen she is the one who deserves the promotion.
1.comfort oneself with... 用……安慰自己
2.be determined to do... 决心做……
3.trials and suffering 考验和痛苦
4.make up one’s mind 下定决心
5.take steps to do sth 采取措施去做某事
6.permanently change the way 永久地改变方式
7.to avoid making this mistake 为了避免犯这个错误
8.one way to improve one’s judgement 一种提高某人的判断力的方式/方法
9.as a chance to grow 作为一个成长的机会
10.give up 放弃
11.the positive way to... 对……的积极方式
12.turn down 拒绝
1.make the most of 充分利用
2.keep in touch with 和……保持联系
3.to the full 充分地;彻底地
4.stick to 坚持
5.search for 寻找
6.burst out laughing 突然笑起来
7.get through (设法)做完;渡过难关
8.be reluctant to 不愿意……
1. (3分)这是我第一次完整地观看现场音乐表演,我想充分利用这个机会提高我的音乐技能。(It was the first time that)
2. (3分)通常情况下,考验和痛苦会不期而至,让我们毫无准备。(现在分词作状语)
3. (3分)想到失败并不可怕,我以此来安慰自己,重要的是在这一过程中学到了什么。
(that引导的同位语从句)
(15分)学校英文报正在组织分享自己学习一项新技能的经历,请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容如下:
1.简要描述;
2.体验和感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Learning a New Skill
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
I once complained to my friend Mike,“I often cycle for two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.” He replied,“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought that all those people who pay money to go to a gym sit on stationary exercise bicycles while I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote,“Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.
Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened,vision cleared,
ambition inspired,and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships,problems,accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity,we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.
He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the best pilots.He said,“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that.That’s nonsense.Make up your mind,you’ll never use crutches or a stick,then have a go at everything.Go to school,join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never,never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common thread is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.They took up the challenge.They won.
Nevertheless,there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。
( )1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage
[A] One who wants to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life.
[B] Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
[C] Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health.
[D] People’s attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,一个想要成功的人不能期望过轻松的生活,A项符合题意。故选A。
( )2.What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said
[A] Failure is the mother of success.
[B] A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
[C] If you risk nothing,you will have nothing.
[D] Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段所引用的Douglas Bader 的话“Don’t listen to anyone...or impossible.”可知,Douglas Bader阐明了自己的观点,即不要听信任何人对你说你做不了这做不好那的话,下定决心,去任何你想去的地方,绝对不要让他们说服你事情太困难或者不可能做到,这与D项意思吻合。故选D。
( )3.What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph
[A] How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced.
[B] Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble.
[C] What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face.
[D] What great people have in common.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,作者接下来会谈论“如何改变你对待逆境的态度”。故选C。
( )4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
[A] Different Attitudes Towards Misfortune
[B] Face Difficulties with a Smile
[C] Nothing Is Impossible
[D] Life Is Full of Adversity
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文介绍了名人对待逆境的态度,围绕“面对逆境,我们应持乐观的态度”这一话题展开论述,因此B项最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
B
In 1995,a young computer student at Stanford University listed about 10 ideas for the subject of his dissertation (学位论文).He ultimately chose the option concerning charting the hyperlinks between sites,which later permanently changed the way we navigate (浏览) the Internet and earned him a good fame.
Research shows people rarely assess the value of their own ideas accurately.This means that we often fail to see the potential in our best ideas,leading us to jettison them and waste time on less promising ventures.Fortunately,these studies also suggest some clever ways to avoid making this mistake.
One insightful study comes from Professor Justin at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.In his experiments,he asked participants to invent new products or services.The participants first brainstormed a list of ideas,which they ranked in order of preference,after which they were given more time to develop their concepts.A team of independent judges then rated the quality of the final designs.
Professor Justin found that in general,the participants preferred the concepts that were the most concrete and initially appeared to be the easiest to apply.This meant that they often overlooked slightly more abstract ideas that were not immediately practical.With development,
however,the potential uses of the abstract ideas soon became apparent—leading them to be more popular with the independent judges.
As Professor Justin’s results show,we may be consistently missing out on our best ideas.
One way to improve our judgement may be to encourage the right kind of reflective thinking.
Professor Justin,for instance,found he could improve participants’ forecasts by asking them to justify why they had chosen their rankings.With extra thought,an abstract idea that initially appeared less promising will begin to gain substance and might soon start to seem more exciting.
We may never know what made the young computer student leave his other ideas,but the above technique can help us identify the projects with the greatest potential.We can sift (挑选) the gold from the debris of our creativity and never risk wasting a valuable idea.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章以斯坦福大学一个年轻的计算机专业学生选择论文主题的成功经历为切入点,提出了一项研究成果,即人们评估自己想法的价值时会出现偏差,但“反思思维”可以改善此状况。
( )5.What does the underlined word “jettison” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A] Assess. [B] Abandon.
[C] Transform. [D] Challenge.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。 根据第二段中的“rarely assess”“fail to see the potential”以及“waste time on less promising ventures”可知,人们很少能够准确地评估自己想法的价值,也看不到自己想法的潜力,从而放弃了这些好想法,并把时间浪费在不太有希望的风险项目上。由此可推知,jettison意为“放弃”。故选B。
( )6.What did Professor Justin’s experiments reveal about the participants
[A] They often neglected less practical ideas initially.
[B] They took the judges’ preferences into account.
[C] They favoured abstract ideas over concrete ones.
[D] They tended to choose ideas with great potential.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第四段前两句的描述可知,Professor Justin发现参与者更偏爱那些最具体、最初看起来最容易应用的概念,这意味着他们经常忽略一些抽象的、不能立即付诸实践的想法。选项中的neglected是原文中的overlooked的同义替换; 选项中的less practical是原文中的abstract 的同义替换。故选A。
( )7.Which of the following shows “reflective thinking”
[A] Sticking to the initial rankings.
[B] Appreciating the ideas of others.
[C] Looking at the positive side of an option.
[D] Exploring the motivations behind our choices.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。 根据题干中的“reflective thinking”可定位到第五段,由该段第二、三句的描述可知,研究过程中,Professor Justin鼓励参与者运用“反思思维”,具体做法就是让参与者解释自己的排序的原因,也就是说探索选择背后的动机正是一种“反思思维”。故选D。
( )8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
[A] How to Choose a Promising Paper Topic
[B] Why We Are Poor Decision-makers
[C] How to Identify Truly Great Ideas
[D] Why Our Brain Favours the Concrete
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,本文首先用一个例子作为引入,接着引用实验研究来说明大多数人无法准确评估自己想法的价值,然后通过研究发现解释了其背后的原因并提出了提高对自己想法的判断力的方法。由此可知,C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Reactions to Disappointments
No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.1. They tend to react to them in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointments as a chance to grow.
One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.For example,Helen,a woman trying to win a promotion,works hard for over a year in her department,anticipating getting a good result.2. Deeply depressed and in despair,Helen loses her love of her job.
3. Jamal fails to get into the college his brother is attending,the college that was the focus of all his dreams,and decides to escape his disappointment.He covers up his real feelings by giving up his schoolwork and getting completely busy with friends,parties,and “good times”.
The positive way to react to disappointments is to use them as a chance of growth.This isn’t easy,but it’s the only useful way to deal with an unavoidable part of life.4. If her boss doesn’t recognise her talent and hard work,perhaps she could move to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she would be sure to get the next promotion.5. Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person,out of his brother’s shadow,and realise that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgement on his abilities or potential.
Disappointments are unwelcome but a regular visitor to everyone’s life.Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.
A.Jamal should check out other schools.
B.Instead,Jamal doesn’t worry about college at all.
C.However,the boss names one of Helen’s co-workers to the spot.
D.Another negative reaction to disappointments is the desire to escape.
E.Strangely,though,most people seem unprepared for disappointments.
F.Helen could have handled her disappointment by looking at other choices.
G.All the other employees tell Helen she is the one who deserves the promotion.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章论述了在生活中,人们应该以积极的心态面对令人失望的人或事物,把其当作成长的机会,而不是选择沮丧和逃避。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处上一句以及下一句,再分析选项可知,E项与上文形成转折,同时引出下文,承上启下,符合语境。E项中的“though”表明上下文构成转折关系,E项中的“seem unprepared”与下文中的“in negative ways”相呼应。故选E。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 设空处上文说海伦想要获得晋升,她在她的部门努力工作了一年多,期望得到一个好结果,而后面又说海伦情绪低落,失去了对工作的热爱。分析选项可知,C项与上文形成转折,表明海伦并没有得到想要的结果,同时引出下文知道结果后海伦的表现,与下文构成因果关系,承上启下,符合语境。C项中的“However”表明上下文构成转折关系。故选C。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 设空处位于段首,推测其是本段主旨句。本段讲述了贾马尔因没有考上理想的大学选择了逃避的故事。分析选项可知,D项与本段主要内容一致,且与上一段主旨句“One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.”句式统一,适合作为本段主旨句。D项中的“Another negative reaction to disappointments”与上一段主旨句中的“One negative reaction to disappointments”相呼应;D项中的关键词“escape”与下文中的“escape”属于原词复现。故选D。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据下文中的“perhaps she could move to...how to improve her performance”可知,F项符合语境,下文是对F项提到的“其他选择”的具体介绍。“other choices”是关键词,与下文构成总分关系。故选F。
5.【答案】 A
【解析】 设空处后讲的是贾马尔的事,是给贾马尔提供的建议。分析选项可知,A项是一个建议,与下文介绍的建议的好处一致,符合语境。A项中的关键词“other schools”与下文中的“another college”相呼应。故选A。
1.comfort oneself with... 用……安慰自己
2.be determined to do... 决心做……
3.trials and suffering 考验和痛苦
4.make up one’s mind 下定决心
5.take steps to do sth 采取措施去做某事
6.permanently change the way 永久地改变方式
7.to avoid making this mistake 为了避免犯这个错误
8.one way to improve one’s judgement 一种提高某人的判断力的方式/方法
9.as a chance to grow 作为一个成长的机会
10.give up 放弃
11.the positive way to... 对……的积极方式
12.turn down 拒绝
1.make the most of 充分利用
2.keep in touch with 和……保持联系
3.to the full 充分地;彻底地
4.stick to 坚持
5.search for 寻找
6.burst out laughing 突然笑起来
7.get through (设法)做完;渡过难关
8.be reluctant to 不愿意……
1. (3分)这是我第一次完整地观看现场音乐表演,我想充分利用这个机会提高我的音乐技能。(It was the first time that)
It was the first time that I had watched a live music performance to the full and I wanted to make the most of the chance to improve my skills in music.
2. (3分)通常情况下,考验和痛苦会不期而至,让我们毫无准备。(现在分词作状语)
Normally,trials and suffering come unannounced,leaving us with no preparation.
3. (3分)想到失败并不可怕,我以此来安慰自己,重要的是在这一过程中学到了什么。
(that引导的同位语从句)
I comforted myself with the thought that failure wasn’t terrible,and what mattered was what I learnt in the process.
(15分)学校英文报正在组织分享自己学习一项新技能的经历,请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容如下:
1.简要描述;
2.体验和感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Learning a New Skill
One possible version:
Learning a New Skill
When I was in my primary school,I had an opportunity to attend a music contest held in my school,which I regarded as an opportunity for me to grow.It was the first time that I had watched a live music performance to the full and I wanted to make the most of the chance to improve my skills in music.Deeply touched by the fantastic players,I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson for beginners.
In the beginning,it was quite difficult to read the notes on the stave.However,I comforted myself with courage.I spent most of my leisure hours practising the piano.I was reluctant to give up.I would feel satisfiedif I could play a piece of music completely.
Even though I will not pursue it as my life career,I will still stick to learning to play the piano as my hobby.It is simply because music is the best medication for my soul.
点津:为when引导的时间状语从句,过去分词held作定语和which引导的非限制性定语从句;
为固定句型结构“It was the first time that从句”;
为形容词短语作状语;
为if引导的条件状语从句。
(
第
9
页
)(共53张PPT)
Unit 2 Lessons in life
以读促写
(限时40分钟 总分56.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
I once complained to my friend Mike,“I often cycle for two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.” He replied,“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
STEP1
语篇训练
My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought that all those people who pay money to go to a gym sit on stationary exercise bicycles while I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote,“Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened,vision cleared,
ambition inspired,and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships,problems,accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity,we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the best pilots.He said,“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that.That’s nonsense.Make up your mind,you’ll never use crutches or a stick,then have a go at everything.Go to school,join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never,never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common thread is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.
They took up the challenge.They won.Nevertheless,there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。
( )1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage
[A] One who wants to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life.
[B] Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
[C] Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health.
[D] People’s attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,一个想要成功的人不能期望过轻松的生活,A项符合题意。故选A。
( )2.What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said
[A] Failure is the mother of success.
[B] A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
[C] If you risk nothing,you will have nothing.
[D] Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段所引用的Douglas Bader 的话“Don’t listen to anyone...or impossible.”可知,Douglas Bader阐明了自己的观点,即不要听信任何人对你说你做不了这做不好那的话,下定决心,去任何你想去的地方,绝对不要让他们说服你事情太困难或者不可能做到,这与D项意思吻合。故选D。
( )3.What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph
[A] How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced.
[B] Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble.
[C] What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face.
[D] What great people have in common.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,作者接下来会谈论“如何改变你对待逆境的态度”。故选C。
( )4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
[A] Different Attitudes Towards Misfortune
[B] Face Difficulties with a Smile
[C] Nothing Is Impossible
[D] Life Is Full of Adversity
B
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文介绍了名人对待逆境的态度,围绕“面对逆境,我们应持乐观的态度”这一话题展开论述,因此B项最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
B
In 1995,a young computer student at Stanford University listed about 10 ideas for the subject of his dissertation (学位论文).He ultimately chose the option concerning charting the hyperlinks between sites,which later permanently changed the way we navigate (浏览) the Internet and earned him a good fame.
Research shows people rarely assess the value of their own ideas accurately.This means that we often fail to see the potential in our best ideas,
leading us to jettison them and waste time on less promising ventures.
Fortunately,these studies also suggest some clever ways to avoid making this mistake.
One insightful study comes from Professor Justin at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.In his experiments,he asked participants to invent new products or services.The participants first brainstormed a list of ideas,which they ranked in order of preference,after which they were given more time to develop their concepts.A team of independent judges then rated the quality of the final designs.
Professor Justin found that in general,the participants preferred the concepts that were the most concrete and initially appeared to be the easiest to apply.This meant that they often overlooked slightly more abstract ideas that were not immediately practical.With development,however,the potential uses of the abstract ideas soon became apparent—leading them to be more popular with the independent judges.
As Professor Justin’s results show,we may be consistently missing out on our best ideas.One way to improve our judgement may be to encourage the right kind of reflective thinking.Professor Justin,for instance,found he could improve participants’ forecasts by asking them to justify why they had chosen their rankings.With extra thought,an abstract idea that initially appeared less promising will begin to gain substance and might soon start to seem more exciting.
We may never know what made the young computer student leave his other ideas,but the above technique can help us identify the projects with the greatest potential.We can sift (挑选) the gold from the debris of our creativity and never risk wasting a valuable idea.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章以斯坦福大学一个年轻的计算机专业学生选择论文主题的成功经历为切入点,提出了一项研究成果,即人们评估自己想法的价值时会出现偏差,但“反思思维”可以改善此状况。
( )5.What does the underlined word “jettison” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A] Assess. [B] Abandon.
[C] Transform. [D] Challenge.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。 根据第二段中的“rarely assess”“fail to see the potential”以及“waste time on less promising ventures”可知,人们很少能够准确地评估自己想法的价值,也看不到自己想法的潜力,从而放弃了这些好想法,并把时间浪费在不太有希望的风险项目上。由此可推知,jettison意为“放弃”。故选B。
( )6.What did Professor Justin’s experiments reveal about the participants
[A] They often neglected less practical ideas initially.
[B] They took the judges’ preferences into account.
[C] They favoured abstract ideas over concrete ones.
[D] They tended to choose ideas with great potential.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第四段前两句的描述可知,Professor Justin发现参与者更偏爱那些最具体、最初看起来最容易应用的概念,这意味着他们经常忽略一些抽象的、不能立即付诸实践的想法。选项中的neglected是原文中的overlooked的同义替换; 选项中的less practical是原文中的abstract 的同义替换。故选A。
( )7.Which of the following shows “reflective thinking”
[A] Sticking to the initial rankings.
[B] Appreciating the ideas of others.
[C] Looking at the positive side of an option.
[D] Exploring the motivations behind our choices.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。 根据题干中的“reflective thinking”可定位到第五段,由该段第二、三句的描述可知,研究过程中,Professor Justin鼓励参与者运用“反思思维”,具体做法就是让参与者解释自己的排序的原因,也就是说探索选择背后的动机正是一种“反思思维”。故选D。
( )8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
[A] How to Choose a Promising Paper Topic
[B] Why We Are Poor Decision-makers
[C] How to Identify Truly Great Ideas
[D] Why Our Brain Favours the Concrete
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,本文首先用一个例子作为引入,接着引用实验研究来说明大多数人无法准确评估自己想法的价值,然后通过研究发现解释了其背后的原因并提出了提高对自己想法的判断力的方法。由此可知,C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Reactions to Disappointments
No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.
1. They tend to react to them in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointments as a chance to grow.
E
One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.For example,
Helen,a woman trying to win a promotion,works hard for over a year in her department,anticipating getting a good result.2. Deeply depressed and in despair,Helen loses her love of her job.
C
3. Jamal fails to get into the college his brother is attending,the college that was the focus of all his dreams,and decides to escape his disappointment.He covers up his real feelings by giving up his schoolwork and getting completely busy with friends,parties,and “good times”.
D
The positive way to react to disappointments is to use them as a chance of growth.This isn’t easy,but it’s the only useful way to deal with an unavoidable part of life.4. If her boss doesn’t recognise her talent and hard work,
perhaps she could move to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she would be sure to get the next promotion.
5. Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person,out of his brother’s shadow,and realise that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgement on his abilities or potential.
F
A
Disappointments are unwelcome but a regular visitor to everyone’s life.
Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.
A.Jamal should check out other schools.
B.Instead,Jamal doesn’t worry about college at all.
C.However,the boss names one of Helen’s co-workers to the spot.
D.Another negative reaction to disappointments is the desire to escape.
E.Strangely,though,most people seem unprepared for disappointments.
F.Helen could have handled her disappointment by looking at other choices.
G.All the other employees tell Helen she is the one who deserves the promotion.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章论述了在生活中,人们应该以积极的心态面对令人失望的人或事物,把其当作成长的机会,而不是选择沮丧和逃避。
1.【解析】 根据设空处上一句以及下一句,再分析选项可知,E项与上文形成转折,同时引出下文,承上启下,符合语境。E项中的“though”表明上下文构成转折关系,E项中的“seem unprepared”与下文中的“in negative ways”相呼应。故选E。
2.【解析】 设空处上文说海伦想要获得晋升,她在她的部门努力工作了一年多,期望得到一个好结果,而后面又说海伦情绪低落,失去了对工作的热爱。分析选项可知,C项与上文形成转折,表明海伦并没有得到想要的结果,同时引出下文知道结果后海伦的表现,与下文构成因果关系,承上启下,符合语境。C项中的“However”表明上下文构成转折关系。故选C。
3.【解析】 设空处位于段首,推测其是本段主旨句。本段讲述了贾马尔因没有考上理想的大学选择了逃避的故事。分析选项可知,D项与本段主要内容一致,且与上一段主旨句“One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.”句式统一,适合作为本段主旨句。D项中的“Another negative reaction to disappointments”与上一段主旨句中的“One negative reaction to disappointments”相呼应;D项中的关键词“escape”与下文中的“escape”属于原词复现。故选D。
4.【解析】 根据下文中的“perhaps she could move to...how to improve her performance”可知,F项符合语境,下文是对F项提到的“其他选择”的具体介绍。“other choices”是关键词,与下文构成总分关系。故选F。
5.【解析】 设空处后讲的是贾马尔的事,是给贾马尔提供的建议。分析选项可知,A项是一个建议,与下文介绍的建议的好处一致,符合语境。A项中的关键词“other schools”与下文中的“another college”相呼应。故选A。
STEP2
语篇选词
1.comfort oneself with... 用……安慰自己
2.be determined to do... 决心做……
3.trials and suffering 考验和痛苦
4.make up one’s mind 下定决心
5.take steps to do sth 采取措施去做某事
6.permanently change the way 永久地改变方式
7.to avoid making this mistake 为了避免犯这个错误
8.one way to improve one’s judgement 一种提高某人的判断力的方式/方法
9.as a chance to grow 作为一个成长的机会
10.give up 放弃
11.the positive way to... 对……的积极方式
12.turn down 拒绝
STEP3
教材超链接
1.make the most of 充分利用
2.keep in touch with 和……保持联系
3.to the full 充分地;彻底地
4.stick to 坚持
5.search for 寻找
6.burst out laughing 突然笑起来
7.get through (设法)做完;渡过难关
8.be reluctant to 不愿意……
1. (3分)这是我第一次完整地观看现场音乐表演,我想充分利用这个机会提高我的音乐技能。(It was the first time that)
STEP4
扩词成句
It was the first time that I had watched a live music performance to the full and I wanted to make the most of the chance to improve my skills in music.
2. (3分)通常情况下,考验和痛苦会不期而至,让我们毫无准备。
(现在分词作状语)
Normally,trials and suffering come unannounced,leaving us with no preparation.
3. (3分)想到失败并不可怕,我以此来安慰自己,重要的是在这一过程中学到了什么。(that引导的同位语从句)
I comforted myself with the thought that failure wasn’t terrible,and what mattered was what I learnt in the process.
(15分)学校英文报正在组织分享自己学习一项新技能的经历,请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容如下:
1.简要描述;
2.体验和感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
STEP5
应用文写作
Learning a New Skill
