第11讲 虚礼语气-2025学年英语初升高知识详细讲解

2025学年英语初升高知识详细讲解
第11讲 虚拟语气
衔接目标
1.掌握虚拟语气的基础知识 2.梳理虚拟语气的特殊用法 3.正确运用虚拟语气
热身训练
用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Had I time, I________ (will)come.
2.If you________ (ask) him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
3.IfI________ (be) you, I would not follow his advice.
4.If you had helped me, I wouldn't________ (fail) in the exam again.
5. If it________ (rain),the plan would be put off.
答案:
1.would 2.had asked 3.were 4. have failed 5.were to rain/should rain/rained
初中回顾
知识点一 if条件从句中的虚拟语气
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式及例句
与现在的 事实相反 动词过去式 (be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形 We would go with you if we had time. 如果我们有时间，就和你一起去。
与过去的 事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就不会不及格了。
与将来的 事实相反 should+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。
动词过去式
were to+动词原形
知识点二 混合型虚拟语气
混合型虚拟语气中，主句与从句时间上不一致，通常从句为过去时间，主句表示现在的动作或状态。
If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now. 如果你昨天工作很辛苦的话，那你现在就会很疲劳。(从句指过去，主句指现在)
知识点三 虚拟语气的省略和倒装
如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略，将were/had/should提至主语之前，形
成倒装句；否定形式的not不可提到主语前。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the picnic.如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消野餐。
高中新知
衔接点一 含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄虚拟语气中，通常借助介词(短语)without, with, but for(要不是)或者but, otherwise, or等副词或连词。
But for your help, I would not have made great progress.要不是你的帮助，我不会取得如此大的进步。
衔接点二 各种从句中的虚拟
1.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：
过去时 表示现在不可能实现的愿望
过去完成时 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
could/would/might+动词原形 表示将来不可能实现的愿望
I wish(that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。
-How much of the foreign expert's speech have you understood 那个外国专家的演讲你懂了多少？
-Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English.几乎什么也不懂。要是我过去更刻苦学习英语就好了。
(2)表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令等的动词，如 suggest, recommend, insist, demand, order, require等构成的宾语从句中常用“(should+)do”结构。
(3)would rather后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。其谓语动词构成形式为：
一般过去时 表示现在或将来的情况
过去完成时 表示过去的情况
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused more on its culture.
乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈论它的文化(方面的情况)。
2.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在It is important/strange/natural/necessary that...句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
It is strange that he(should) react in this way. 很奇怪，他竟然做出这样的反应。
3.虚拟语气在It is(high)time(that)...句型中的用法
It is(high/about) time(that)...句型中，谓语动词用过去式，或用should+动词原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该······了”，用来表示提议。
It is(high) time that you went to school. 你该去上学了。
4.as if/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气
He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.他站起来给她让座，好像他已经读懂了她的心思。
5.if only引导的感叹句中，常用虚拟语气，表示愿望。意为“要是······就好了”
Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice!
看看我们所处的困境。要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
巩固训练
一、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.If I________ (be)you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.
2. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could________ (help)them.
3.If he________ (fail) in the experiment this time, he would try again.
4. I is important that we________ (keep) all the words in mind.
5.We couldn't________ (achieve) so much without your help.
答案:
1.were 2. have helped 3. should fail/ failed/were to fail 4.(should) keep 5.have achieved
二、写出下面句子属于哪种虚拟语气形式
1. Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.I wish I were young again.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. It is necessary that we should learn English well.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.as if引导的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
2.wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气
3.主语从句中的虚拟语气
4.含蓄型虚拟语气
5.It's high time that 句型中的虚拟语气
三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1. ________ (be)not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2. ________ (listen)to my favorite music for an hour a day and 3. ________ (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4. ________ (hold)evening parties or 5. ________ (organize) some interesting activities at weekends. I suggest that there 6. ________ (not be) so many tests. You can imagine what life 7. ________ (will)be if I 8. ________ (realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9. ________ (will)not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it's high time that I 10. ________ (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.
答案:
1.were 2.listened 3. Played 4.(should) hold 5.(should) organize
6.(should) not be 7.would 8.realized/should realize/were to realize 9.would 10.encouraged
四、完成句子
1.她看起来好像要哭了。
She looks________________________________________.
2.天太晚了，我们得走了。
It's very late. It's time________________________________________.
3.汤姆坚持让所有男孩认可他的领导能力。
Tom insisted that his leadership________________________ by all the boys.
4.如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好些。
If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he________________________ speak it much better now.
5.如果我们没有做好充分准备的话，会议就不会如此成功。
If we________________________, the conference________________________ so successful.
答案:
1.as if she would cry 2.(that) we had to go 3.(should) be recognized 4. Would be able to
5. hadn't made enough preparations; wouldn't have been