第14讲 名词性从句-2025学年英语初升高知识详细讲解

2025学年英语初升高知识详细讲解
第14讲 名词性从句
衔接目标
1.掌握名词性从句的基本用法 2.辨析相近连接词的区别 3.区分名词性从句和定语从句
热身训练
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次
that, whether, what, who, when
1._________ will go to the concert is not konwn.
2.They were worried over the fact_________ you were sick.
3.Could you tell me_________ he will come or not
4.The Chinese people are proud of_________ they have achieved in the past ten years.
5.Next sunday is_________ we shall meet.
答案:
1. Who 2.that 3.whether 4.what 5.when
初中回顾
名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。
知识点一 主语从句
在主从复合句中充当主语的句子就叫主语从句，属于名词性从句。
That the earth goes round the sun is well-known to everybody. 地球绕太阳转是众所周知的。
引导词 从句
1.主语从句的连接词
主语从句的常用连接词有 that与whether.另外还有连接代词 what, which, who, whom及连接副词 when, where, how, why等。
种类 关联词 例句 说明
主语 从句 连接词 that That he will come and help you is certain. 他会来帮你是肯定的。 that在句首不可省略。
whether Whether there is life on the moon is a question. 月球上是否有生命是个问题。 主语从句中只能用 whether,不可用if.
主语 从句 连接代词 who what which whoeve等 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他想告诉我们什么还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁将赢得比赛还不知道。 主语从句放在句首，句子常 显得笨重，因此一般把它移 到句子后面，前面用“it”来作 形式主语。
连接副词 when where why how等 It is known to us how he became a writer. 他怎样成为作家的我们都知道。 Where the English Evening will be held has not been announced yet. 英语晚会在哪里举行还没有通知。
2.为了避免头重脚轻，通常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
形式主语常用句式有：
(1)It+be+形容词＋that从句
It is necessary that everybody should have a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
每个人都应该有健康的饮食和规律的锻炼是必要的。
(2)It+be+过去分词＋that从句
It is said that she is going to study abroad after she graduates from Lanzhou University.
据说她从兰州大学毕业后要出国留学。
(3)It+be+名词＋that从句
It is a pity that such an educated and qualified graduate cannot find a job.
遗憾的是，这样一个受过良好教育的优秀毕业生找不到工作。
知识点二 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语(或直宾)、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。
1.宾语从句的连接词
(1)从属连词 that, whether, if
that只起连接作用，在句中没有实在的意义，也不作任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中通常可以省略。if和whether的意思是“是否”，在句中有实在的意义，但不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill. 她不知道她病得很重。
He asked me whether/if I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。
(2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在宾语从句中充当成分。如：主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
Do you know whom they are waiting for 你知道他们在等谁吗？
(3)连接副词when, where, why, how等在宾语从句中充当成分，作状语。
I'll tell you why I ask you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要求你来。
2.宾语从句的语序
无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。
Please tell me when we'll have the meeting. 请告诉我，我们什么时候开会。
3.宾语从句的时态
(1)如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？
(2)如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给彼得写信了。
(3)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of a year.我们老师说，一月是一年中的第一个月。
4.其他注意事项
(1)否定前移
当主句的主语是第一人称I/we,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应前置来否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移”。
I don't believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。
(2)it 作形式宾语
①一些动词如 appreciate, find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.我认为我们有必要每天喝大量的水。
②一些动词如hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike等后接宾语从句时，常在从句前面加it.
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们说话的时候满嘴食物。
(3)doubt后跟宾语从句
动词doubt在疑问句或否定句中时，宾语从句常用that引导，在肯定句中时，常用whether/if引导。doubt作名词时，此种用法也很常见。
I didn't doubt that Gray would seek aid from other organizations.我丝毫不怀疑格雷会向其他机构求助。
I doubted whether Gray would seek aid from other organizations.我怀疑格雷是否会向其他机构求助。
知识点三 表语从句
1.在句子中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。
种类 关联词 例句 说明
表语 从句 连接词 that, whether, as if The problem is that they can't get here early enough. 问题是他们不能早早到达这里。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 1.as if引导表语从句时一般用虚拟语气。 2.当主语为reason时，只能用that引导表语从句，构成 the reason why...is that....
连接 代词 who, what, which That's just what I want.那就是我想要的。 The question is who will be the next speaker. 问题是谁会是下一个演讲者。
连接 副词 when, where, why, how This is where our problem lies. 这是我们的问题所在。 The reason why he didn't come to school yesterday was that he was ill.昨天他没有来上学的原因是他病了。
2.表语从句常见的固定句型有：
(1)This/That/It is because+原因．．．这是因为······(强调原因)
(2)That/This/It is why+结果．．． 那就是······的原因(强调结果)
(3)The reason why...is that......··的原因是······
知识点四 同位语从句
1.同位语从句用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常用的名词有fact, news, idea, hope, thought, order, word, question等。
种类 关联词 例句 说明
同位语从句 that, whether The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他登陆月球的消息传遍了全世界。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须就他是否同意这个问题做出回答。 (1)that不担当成分，用来陈述中心词的内容，不能省略。whether“是否”，也不能省略。 (2)when,where,why既可引导定语从句，也可引导同位语从句，不同的是：when,where,why引导定语从句时，有跟它们含义对应的先行词，而引导同位语从句时则没有。
when,how, where, what,why I have no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们初次相见是什么时候。
2.同位语从句的常见固定句型有：
News came that... 消息传来说······
The story/saying goes that...据说····常言道
News came that Paul was appointed as the monitor. 消息传来说保罗被任命为班长。
The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流传说威廉·泰尔确实杀了国王。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句是对名词加以补充说明；而定语从句“修饰、限定”先行词，“关系词”替代先行词，在从句中充当句子成分。
We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation abroad.
听到我们将在国外度过暑假的消息，我们非常高兴。(that从句是news的具体内容，故是同位语从句)
All of us didn't show any interest in the news that John told us yesterday.
我们所有人对约翰昨天告诉我们的消息都不感兴趣。(news作told的宾语，故是定语从句)
高中新知
衔接点一 连接词的用法
1.连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which有词义，在从句中充当成分，如：主语、表语、宾语或定语等。
It has not been decided yet who is on the team. 谁是队员还没决定。
2.连接副词：when, where, why, how有词义，在从句中充当成分，作状语。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪开会毫无区别。
3.连词：whether, if, as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；that无词义，在从句中也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。
The question whether we need more time to do the work hasn't been discussed.
我们是否需要更多时间做这项工作的问题尚未讨论。
衔接点二 that与what引导的名词性从句
引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“·····的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。
What was the most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句；what在主语从句中作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.(宾语从句；what在宾语从句中作宾语)在销售开始之前，我列出我的孩子们在下一季需要的东西。
This is what we should do.(表语从句；what在表语从句中作宾语)这是我们应该做的。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)
我从未想过你能说服他改变主意。
One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(表语从句)她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是，她可以方便地去商店和餐馆等地。
1.that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：
(1)it+be+形容词(如：true, natural, surprising, good, possible, certain, clear等)＋that从句
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week 这位科学家下周将给我们做讲座，这是真的吗？
(2)it+be+名词(如：no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise 等)＋that从句
It's a great pity that it's probably the last time this will happen.很遗憾，这可能是最后一次发生这种情况。
(3)it+be+过去分词(如：known, said, reported, thought, expected, decided等)＋that从句
It is known to all that physical exercise can improve our physical and mental health.
众所周知，体育锻炼可以改善我们的身心健康。
类似的句型还有：It cannot be denied that.../It must be admitted that...
(4)it+动词(如：seem, appear, occur to sb., doesn't matter, make no difference 等)＋that从句。
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室了。
2.that引导主语从句，置于句首时，that不能省略。
That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
今晚我们被邀请去听音乐会对我们来说是好消息。
3.that引导宾语从句，常可省略。可接that从句作宾语的动词(短语)有：see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。可以接复合宾语的动词有：think, make, consider, find, feel, suppose等。在它们之后，可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语that从句后置。此时that不可省略。
Do you know (that) he has joined the army 你知道他参军了吗？
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.我们认为他有必要改善他的发音。
4.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that可省略外，其他都不可省略。
He told me(that)the power would be cut off and that I should get ready.他告诉我电源将被切断，我应该做好准备。
5.引导表语从句：that引导表语从句时，不可省略。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow.我的决定是我们所有人明天6点出发。
衔接点三 whether 与if引导的名词性从句
两者都可引导宾语从句，常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换：
1.宾语从句是否定句时，只用if,不用 whether.
I wonder if it doesn't rain.我想知道是不是下雨了。
2.用if会引起误解时，就要用whether.
Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成i,可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。)请告诉我你是否想去。
3.宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用时，就不能换成if.
I don't know whether or not the report is tue.我不知道这篇报道是否属实。
4.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。
5.与不定式连用时只能用whether.
I don't know whether to laugh or to cry.我不知道该笑还是该哭。
6.在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether.
Whether they will agree with the plan is not clear.他们是否同意该计划尚不清楚。
巩固训练
一、指出画线部分的从句类型，并翻译句子
1.What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
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2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that we can be entirely free from dust.
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3. What troubles me is that I can't learn these English idioms by heart.
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4.I don't believe that he has finished his work.
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5.I have no idea when he will come back.
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答案:
1.主语从句。Barbara Jones传递给她粉丝的是诚实与快乐。
2.表语从句。雨季最令人愉快的事情是我们可以完全远离尘土。
3.前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句。使我困扰的是我记不住这些英语习语。
4.宾语从句。我认为他还没有完成他的工作。
5.同位语从句。我不知道他什么时候回来。
二、在空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)
1._________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
2.The reason why he was late was_________ his bike broke down.
3.It's very fair in China that_________ breaks the law will be punished in the end.
4.I'm wondering_________ your brother can pass the exam or not,
5.Do you have any idea_________ is actually going on in the classroom
答案:
1.What 2.that 3.whoever 4.whether 5. what
三、按要求改写句子
1.Enough practice is necessary in learning English,(改为主语从句)
__________________________ is enough practice.
2.We are short of money. It's the problem.(改为表语从句)
The problem is__________________________.
3.We still don't know whether he will come.(改为主语从句)
__________________________ is still unknown to us.
4.Her family was the most important to her.(改为主语从句)
__________________________ was her family.
5.You pay by cash or credit card in this store. It doesn't matter.(改为主语从句)
It doesn't matter__________________________.
答案:
1.What is necessary in learning English
2. that we are short of money
3. Whether he will come(or not)
4.What was the most important to her
5. whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store
四、根据括号中所给汉语提示补全句子
1.It doesn't matter__________________________ (不管你是男人还是女人)。
2. __________________________ (他在会议上所说的话)astonished everyone present.
3.It is unknown__________________________ (她昨天为什么没有出现)。
4.The most important thing is__________________________ (我们怎样能够按时完成工作)。
5.The question is__________________________ (我们是否应向他求助)。
答案:
1.whether/if you are men or women
2. What he said at the meeting
3. why she didn't appear yesterday
4.how we could finish the work on time
5.whether we should turn to him for help
五、阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(每空1词)
I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew1. _________ he was. We wondered 2. _________ he was so hungry. We were surprised 3. _________ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4. _________ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5. _________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6. _________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note.
I asked Mr. Clements 7. _________ it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8. _________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a false.
9. _________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe 10. _________ excited I was.
答案:
1.who 2.why 3.that 4.whether/if 5.whether/if
6.that 7. whether/if 8.what 9.Why 10.how
六、微写作(使用至少4处名词性从句)
我们初中毕业了，这使我们很沮丧。我们伤心的原因是我们要和我们的老师和同学说再见了。老师总是对我们很严格，这有时让我们感到压力。但是当我们向他们求助时，他们总是乐于伸出援助之手。现在我们明白了，老师对我们说的话和做的事都对我们有很大的帮助。
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答案:
It makes us sad that we will graduate from the junior middle school. The reason why we are unhappy is that we will say goodbye to our teachers and classmates. That the teachers are always so strict with us makes us feel stressed sometimes. However, they are also ready to give a hand to whoever turns to them for help. Now we understand what our teachers do and say is of great help to us.