UNIT 3 THE INTERNET
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
You really can make free phone calls using the Internet.
App One
App One is an app-to-app calling service that works across desktop and mobile platforms.Video meetings are encrypted (加密),it also supports audio calls,and you can form massive group calls with up to 100 people.What’s more appealing is that App One displays real-time captions (字幕) as the other person is speaking.
App Two
App Two lets you send and receive texts,make voice and video calls (including group calls),and share your location and files.It was developed with a focus on privacy and security;it uses end-to-end encryption to protect your messages and calls,so only you and the recipient can see or hear what you’re exchanging.
App Three
App Three is one of the best ways to make a call over the Internet.You get a real phone number,so you can make free calls to an actual phone number.Free calls you make with App Three must be to numbers in the United States or Canada,and they’re limited to three hours.However,you can continue to make a free call to the same number over and over again.
App Four
App Four is a popular texting app with hundreds of millions of users.However,you can also call your App Four friends right from the app using only your Internet connection.You just need to confirm your phone number to get started.Once you’re using the app,you can start a new conversation to clearly see which of your contacts are also using App Four,and then you can call them for free no matter where in the world they’re located.Group calls can include as many as 32 people.
( )1.What is a feature of App One
[A] You can see what the speaker says.
[B] It can be used for free anywhere in the world.
[C] No password is needed to attend online meetings.
[D] Over 100 people can attend online meetings meanwhile.
( )2.Which of the following apps is limited to certain areas
[A] App One. [B] App Two.
[C] App Three. [D] App Four.
( )3.In what section of a newspaper will the text probably appear
[A] Health. [B] Environment.
[C] Education. [D] Technology.
B
People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts,according to a find of Cornell University’s research,which is the first to examine perceptions of our personalities based on online posts.
An analysis of online status updates found great difference between how viewers saw the authors across a range of personality traits (个人特质) and the authors’ self-perceptions.
Viewers rated the Internet users as having lower self-esteem and being more self-revealing than the users rated themselves.Status updates containing photos,videos or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate assessments than those with just text,the researchers found.
Overall,the study illustrates the dynamic process by which a cyber audience tries to make sense of who we are from isolated fragments (碎片) of shared information,jointly constructing our digital identity.
“The impression people form about us on social media based on what we post can differ from the way we view ourselves.” said Wang,a professor of psychology and director of the Culture & Cognition Lab.“A mismatch between who we are and how people perceive us could influence our ability to feel connected online and the benefits of engaging in social media interaction.”
The Cornell researchers believe their study is the first to investigate audience perceptions of social media users through their posts.On platforms,users often share fragmentary personal narratives while interacting with “friends” they may know only a little or sometimes not at all.
Wang said the findings could help developers design interfaces (界面) that allow people to express themselves most authentically.
“If people’s view of us is very different from who we actually are,or how we would like to be perceived,” Wang said,“it could harm our social life and well-being.”
( )4.What may your online posts lead to according to the research
[A] Dynamic digital identity.
[B] Viewer’s misjudgment of you.
[C] Less social media interaction.
[D] Limited social perception.
( )5.Which of the following will least reveal your personality
[A] A link with text.
[B] A pure video post.
[C] A plain text post.
[D] A text post with photos.
( )6.Why is a viewer’s perception of an author different from the author’s own
[A] The author facilitates status updates.
[B] The author constructs the personal traits.
[C] The viewer rates the frequency of the posts.
[D] The viewer assesses partial shared information.
( )7.What does Wang think of the result of the research
[A] Useful. [B] Meaningless.
[C] Harmful. [D] Unpractical.
C
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread,and they are now being used by countless individuals,professionals,and businesses worldwide.Despite their advantages,most network-based systems are highly at risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely harmful.For instance,an attack on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and offices without electricity,while attacks on social media networks can lead to the exposure of user information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems,computer scientists worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to identify malicious attacks,increasing a network’s safety.In recent years,machine learning (ML) algorithms (机器学习算法) have been found to be particularly promising for automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a model can rely or focus on when making predictions.Ideally,by analysing large datasets,researchers should be able to identify the most suitable features for solving a given task using ML tools,and this can also be applied to intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature selection method that could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs.This method was found to perform remarkably well when compared with other commonly employed feature selection techniques.Using the features they identified as most important for intrusion detection,the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detection system.
In the future,the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings could help the development of new,highly effective IDSs.In addition,the system they created using the features they identified could be applied in real-world settings to detect malicious attacks on real networks.
( )8.What does Paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies
[A] Their targeted users.
[B] Their popularity.
[C] Their potential risks.
[D] Their advantages.
( )9.How can IDSs increase the safety of networks
[A] By tracking malicious attacks.
[B] By starting anti-virus programmes.
[C] By sorting out user information.
[D] By recognising malicious attacks.
( )10.What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs
[A] Solving given tasks.
[B] Selecting reliable data features.
[C] Making accurate predictions.
[D] Analysing large enough datasets.
( )11.What’s the purpose of the text
[A] To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
[B] To promote network-based technologies.
[C] To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
[D] To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
I was a stay-at-home dad,which gave me plenty of time to cook.Ever since I was a kid,cooking had been one of my 1 .My dad had given me some great advice.“If you’re gonna cook,” he began,“you might as well make sure it’s tasty.” So with that 2 ,I’d set about making each dish as 3 as I could.I figured that if something looked and
4 good then,chances were,it would taste great too.
One day,I was on the Internet when I noticed my best friend,Dave,had 5 a video of him cooking.He was 6 with a non-profit organisation that helped men be the best dads they could.“We’re always looking for content,” he said.“Can you 7 your videos with us ” I was more than happy to 8 other fathers to get into the kitchen.So I started to
9 videos of my cooking.I also gave viewers plenty of 10 .“The kitchen can be a place to 11 with others,” I told them.My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting,but most importantly,we all shared a 12 with each other.
My videos grew so 13 that dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions.It’s been an enormous 14 to transform my enthusiasm into something that’s helping others.I hope my videos will keep giving dads a taste of the 15 cooking brings to our lives.
( )1.[A] choices [B] jobs
[C] passions [D] dreams
( )2.[A] evidence [B] philosophy
[C] permit [D] warning
( )3.[A] large [B] simple
[C] memorable [D] expensive
( )4.[A] smelt [B] sounded
[C] remained [D] felt
( )5.[A] reserved [B] posted
[C] downloaded [D] sold
( )6.[A] settled [B] satisfied
[C] compared [D] involved
( )7.[A] share [B] exchange
[C] trouble [D] confirm
( )8.[A] qualify [B] require
[C] encourage [D] persuade
( )9.[A] review [B] film
[C] watch [D] select
( )10.[A] likes [B] orders
[C] requests [D] tips
( )11.[A] argue [B] compete
[C] connect [D] agree
( )12.[A] laugh [B] faith
[C] lesson [D] discussion
( )13.[A] familiar [B] popular
[C] wild [D] visible
( )14.[A] chance [B] pleasure
[C] responsibility [D] task
( )15.[A] magic [B] energy
[C] fail [D] effect
UNIT 3 THE INTERNET
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
You really can make free phone calls using the Internet.
App One
App One is an app-to-app calling service that works across desktop and mobile platforms.Video meetings are encrypted (加密),it also supports audio calls,and you can form massive group calls with up to 100 people.What’s more appealing is that App One displays real-time captions (字幕) as the other person is speaking.
App Two
App Two lets you send and receive texts,make voice and video calls (including group calls),and share your location and files.It was developed with a focus on privacy and security;it uses end-to-end encryption to protect your messages and calls,so only you and the recipient can see or hear what you’re exchanging.
App Three
App Three is one of the best ways to make a call over the Internet.You get a real phone number,so you can make free calls to an actual phone number.Free calls you make with App Three must be to numbers in the United States or Canada,and they’re limited to three hours.However,you can continue to make a free call to the same number over and over again.
App Four
App Four is a popular texting app with hundreds of millions of users.However,you can also call your App Four friends right from the app using only your Internet connection.You just need to confirm your phone number to get started.Once you’re using the app,you can start a new conversation to clearly see which of your contacts are also using App Four,and then you can call them for free no matter where in the world they’re located.Group calls can include as many as 32 people.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章以简明扼要的方式介绍了四款能够实现互联网免费通话的应用程序,并分别列举了它们的主要特点和功能。
( )1.What is a feature of App One
[A] You can see what the speaker says.
[B] It can be used for free anywhere in the world.
[C] No password is needed to attend online meetings.
[D] Over 100 people can attend online meetings meanwhile.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据App One部分中的最后一句可知,App One可以显示说话者正在说的内容的实时字幕。故选A。
( )2.Which of the following apps is limited to certain areas
[A] App One. [B] App Two.
[C] App Three. [D] App Four.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据App Three部分中的倒数第二句可知,App Three的免费通话功能限于美国和加拿大。故选C。
( )3.In what section of a newspaper will the text probably appear
[A] Health. [B] Environment.
[C] Education. [D] Technology.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了四款可以利用互联网进行免费通话的应用程序,文章内容涉及其主要特点和功能,因此本文最有可能出现在报纸的科技版块。故选D。
B
People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts,according to a find of Cornell University’s research,which is the first to examine perceptions of our personalities based on online posts.
An analysis of online status updates found great difference between how viewers saw the authors across a range of personality traits (个人特质) and the authors’ self-perceptions.
Viewers rated the Internet users as having lower self-esteem and being more self-revealing than the users rated themselves.Status updates containing photos,videos or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate assessments than those with just text,the researchers found.
Overall,the study illustrates the dynamic process by which a cyber audience tries to make sense of who we are from isolated fragments (碎片) of shared information,jointly constructing our digital identity.
“The impression people form about us on social media based on what we post can differ from the way we view ourselves.” said Wang,a professor of psychology and director of the Culture & Cognition Lab.“A mismatch between who we are and how people perceive us could influence our ability to feel connected online and the benefits of engaging in social media interaction.”
The Cornell researchers believe their study is the first to investigate audience perceptions of social media users through their posts.On platforms,users often share fragmentary personal narratives while interacting with “friends” they may know only a little or sometimes not at all.
Wang said the findings could help developers design interfaces (界面) that allow people to express themselves most authentically.
“If people’s view of us is very different from who we actually are,or how we would like to be perceived,” Wang said,“it could harm our social life and well-being.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现,人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中形成对我们不准确的印象。
( )4.What may your online posts lead to according to the research
[A] Dynamic digital identity.
[B] Viewer’s misjudgment of you.
[C] Less social media interaction.
[D] Limited social perception.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts”可知,研究发现人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象,也就是说在线帖子可能会导致他人对你的误判。故选B。
( )5.Which of the following will least reveal your personality
[A] A link with text.
[B] A pure video post.
[C] A plain text post.
[D] A text post with photos.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,包含照片、视频或链接以及文本的状态更新比只有文本的状态更新更有助于准确评估,也就是说纯文本的帖子是最不能展现你的个性的。故选C。
( )6.Why is a viewer’s perception of an author different from the author’s own
[A] The author facilitates status updates.
[B] The author constructs the personal traits.
[C] The viewer rates the frequency of the posts.
[D] The viewer assesses partial shared information.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,网络观众试图从我们共享的信息的孤立片段中理解我们是谁的动态过程,共同构建我们的数字身份。由此可推知,网络观众对作者的认知与作者自我认知不同是因为网络观众是基于部分共享的信息来评估的。故选D。
( )7.What does Wang think of the result of the research
[A] Useful. [B] Meaningless.
[C] Harmful. [D] Unpractical.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,王认为这项研究的结果是有用的。故选A。
C
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread,and they are now being used by countless individuals,professionals,and businesses worldwide.Despite their advantages,most network-based systems are highly at risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely harmful.For instance,an attack on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and offices without electricity,while attacks on social media networks can lead to the exposure of user information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems,computer scientists worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to identify malicious attacks,increasing a network’s safety.In recent years,machine learning (ML) algorithms (机器学习算法) have been found to be particularly promising for automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a model can rely or focus on when making predictions.Ideally,by analysing large datasets,researchers should be able to identify the most suitable features for solving a given task using ML tools,and this can also be applied to intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature selection method that could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs.This method was found to perform remarkably well when compared with other commonly employed feature selection techniques.Using the features they identified as most important for intrusion detection,the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detection system.
In the future,the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings could help the development of new,highly effective IDSs.In addition,the system they created using the features they identified could be applied in real-world settings to detect malicious attacks on real networks.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了IDSs (入侵检测系统)的相关技术和发展。
( )8.What does Paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies
[A] Their targeted users.
[B] Their popularity.
[C] Their potential risks.
[D] Their advantages.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句可知,本段主要想指出大多数网络系统都很容易受到恶意攻击,即具有潜在的风险。故选C。
( )9.How can IDSs increase the safety of networks
[A] By tracking malicious attacks.
[B] By starting anti-virus programmes.
[C] By sorting out user information.
[D] By recognising malicious attacks.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,该系统能够识别恶意攻击,提高安全性。故选D。
( )10.What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs
[A] Solving given tasks.
[B] Selecting reliable data features.
[C] Making accurate predictions.
[D] Analysing large enough datasets.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“An important step in...making predictions.”可知,选择可靠的数据特征是该系统发展的重要步骤。故选B。
( )11.What’s the purpose of the text
[A] To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
[B] To promote network-based technologies.
[C] To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
[D] To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据整篇文章内容可知,本文主要是为了介绍IDSs (入侵检测系统)。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
I was a stay-at-home dad,which gave me plenty of time to cook.Ever since I was a kid,cooking had been one of my 1 .My dad had given me some great advice.“If you’re gonna cook,” he began,“you might as well make sure it’s tasty.” So with that 2 ,I’d set about making each dish as 3 as I could.I figured that if something looked and
4 good then,chances were,it would taste great too.
One day,I was on the Internet when I noticed my best friend,Dave,had 5 a video of him cooking.He was 6 with a non-profit organisation that helped men be the best dads they could.“We’re always looking for content,” he said.“Can you 7 your videos with us ” I was more than happy to 8 other fathers to get into the kitchen.So I started to
9 videos of my cooking.I also gave viewers plenty of 10 .“The kitchen can be a place to 11 with others,” I told them.My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting,but most importantly,we all shared a 12 with each other.
My videos grew so 13 that dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions.It’s been an enormous 14 to transform my enthusiasm into something that’s helping others.I hope my videos will keep giving dads a taste of the 15 cooking brings to our lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小就喜欢烹饪,成为父亲后在网上分享的关于烹饪的视频受到越来越多人的喜爱的事情。
( )1.[A] choices [B] jobs
[C] passions [D] dreams
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“I was a stay-at-home dad,which gave me plenty of time to cook.”可推知,作者从小就喜欢做饭。故选C。
( )2.[A] evidence [B] philosophy
[C] permit [D] warning
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“‘If you’re gonna cook,’ he began,‘you might as well make sure it’s tasty.’”可知,作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理念在做菜。故选B。
( )3.[A] large [B] simple
[C] memorable [D] expensive
【答案】 C
【解析】 作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理念在做菜,一定是想尽力做出令人难忘的菜。故选C。
( )4.[A] smelt [B] sounded
[C] remained [D] felt
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“chances were,it would taste great too”可知,菜应该是看起来和闻起来都好。故选A。
( )5.[A] reserved [B] posted
[C] downloaded [D] sold
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“I was on the Internet”可知,是在网上看到朋友发布做饭的视频。故选B。
( )6.[A] settled [B] satisfied
[C] compared [D] involved
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“ a non-profit organisation”可知,空处应是指参加,固定短语be involved with符合语境。故选D。
( )7.[A] share [B] exchange
[C] trouble [D] confirm
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“We’re always looking for content”可知,他们一直在寻找可以发布到网上的内容,所以应是指分享视频,故选A。
( )8.[A] qualify [B] require
[C] encourage [D] persuade
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“Can you 7 your videos with us ”可知,是鼓励爸爸们走进厨房,故选C。
( )9.[A] review [B] film
[C] watch [D] select
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“videos of my cooking”可知,是指拍摄视频,故选B。
( )10.[A] likes [B] orders
[C] requests [D] tips
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“‘The kitchen can be a place to 11 with others,’I told them.”可知,作者会给观众一些建议,故选D。
( )11.[A] argue [B] compete
[C] connect [D] agree
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting”可知,厨房是一个可以和他人联系和交流的地方。故选C。
( )12.[A] laugh [B] faith
[C] lesson [D] discussion
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文可知作者做菜时,儿子和女儿都会帮忙,说明在一起沟通和交流是很快乐的。故选A。
( )13.[A] familiar [B] popular
[C] wild [D] visible
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions”可知,作者的视频越来越受欢迎。故选B。
( )14.[A] chance [B] pleasure
[C] responsibility [D] task
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文可知,能把自己的热情转化到帮助他人的事情上应是快乐的。故选B。
( )15.[A] magic [B] energy
[C] fail [D] effect
【答案】 A
【解析】 作者希望自己的视频能让爸爸们继续感受烹饪给生活带来的魔力,故选A。
(
第
9
页
)(共57张PPT)
UNIT 3 THE INTERNET
题组训练
(限时:35分钟 总分:42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
You really can make free phone calls using the Internet.
App One
App One is an app-to-app calling service that works across desktop and mobile platforms.Video meetings are encrypted (加密),it also supports audio calls,and you can form massive group calls with up to 100 people.What’s more appealing is that App One displays real-time captions (字幕) as the other person is speaking.
App Two
App Two lets you send and receive texts,make voice and video calls (including group calls),and share your location and files.It was developed with a focus on privacy and security;it uses end-to-end encryption to protect your messages and calls,so only you and the recipient can see or hear what you’re exchanging.
App Three
App Three is one of the best ways to make a call over the Internet.You get a real phone number,so you can make free calls to an actual phone number.Free calls you make with App Three must be to numbers in the United States or Canada,and they’re limited to three hours.However,you can continue to make a free call to the same number over and over again.
App Four
App Four is a popular texting app with hundreds of millions of users.
However,you can also call your App Four friends right from the app using only your Internet connection.You just need to confirm your phone number to get started.Once you’re using the app,you can start a new conversation to clearly see which of your contacts are also using App Four,and then you can call them for free no matter where in the world they’re located.Group calls can include as many as 32 people.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章以简明扼要的方式介绍了四款能够实现互联网免费通话的应用程序,并分别列举了它们的主要特点和功能。
( )1.What is a feature of App One
[A] You can see what the speaker says.
[B] It can be used for free anywhere in the world.
[C] No password is needed to attend online meetings.
[D] Over 100 people can attend online meetings meanwhile.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据App One部分中的最后一句可知,App One可以显示说话者正在说的内容的实时字幕。故选A。
( )2.Which of the following apps is limited to certain areas
[A] App One. [B] App Two.
[C] App Three. [D] App Four.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据App Three部分中的倒数第二句可知,App Three的免费通话功能限于美国和加拿大。故选C。
( )3.In what section of a newspaper will the text probably appear
[A] Health. [B] Environment.
[C] Education. [D] Technology.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了四款可以利用互联网进行免费通话的应用程序,文章内容涉及其主要特点和功能,因此本文最有可能出现在报纸的科技版块。故选D。
B
People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts,according to a find of Cornell University’s research,which is the first to examine perceptions of our personalities based on online posts.
An analysis of online status updates found great difference between how viewers saw the authors across a range of personality traits (个人特质) and the authors’ self-perceptions.
Viewers rated the Internet users as having lower self-esteem and being more self-revealing than the users rated themselves.Status updates containing photos,videos or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate assessments than those with just text,the researchers found.
Overall,the study illustrates the dynamic process by which a cyber audience tries to make sense of who we are from isolated fragments (碎片) of shared information,jointly constructing our digital identity.
“The impression people form about us on social media based on what we post can differ from the way we view ourselves.” said Wang,a professor of psychology and director of the Culture & Cognition Lab.“A mismatch between who we are and how people perceive us could influence our ability to feel connected online and the benefits of engaging in social media interaction.”
The Cornell researchers believe their study is the first to investigate audience perceptions of social media users through their posts.On platforms,users often share fragmentary personal narratives while interacting with “friends” they may know only a little or sometimes not at all.
Wang said the findings could help developers design interfaces (界面) that allow people to express themselves most authentically.
“If people’s view of us is very different from who we actually are,or how we would like to be perceived,” Wang said,“it could harm our social life and well-being.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现,人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中形成对我们不准确的印象。
( )4.What may your online posts lead to according to the research
[A] Dynamic digital identity.
[B] Viewer’s misjudgment of you.
[C] Less social media interaction.
[D] Limited social perception.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts”可知,研究发现人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象,也就是说在线帖子可能会导致他人对你的误判。故选B。
( )5.Which of the following will least reveal your personality
[A] A link with text.
[B] A pure video post.
[C] A plain text post.
[D] A text post with photos.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,包含照片、视频或链接以及文本的状态更新比只有文本的状态更新更有助于准确评估,也就是说纯文本的帖子是最不能展现你的个性的。故选C。
( )6.Why is a viewer’s perception of an author different from the author’s own
[A] The author facilitates status updates.
[B] The author constructs the personal traits.
[C] The viewer rates the frequency of the posts.
[D] The viewer assesses partial shared information.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,网络观众试图从我们共享的信息的孤立片段中理解我们是谁的动态过程,共同构建我们的数字身份。由此可推知,网络观众对作者的认知与作者自我认知不同是因为网络观众是基于部分共享的信息来评估的。故选D。
( )7.What does Wang think of the result of the research
[A] Useful. [B] Meaningless.
[C] Harmful. [D] Unpractical.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,王认为这项研究的结果是有用的。故选A。
C
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread,
and they are now being used by countless individuals,professionals,and businesses worldwide.Despite their advantages,most network-based systems are highly at risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely harmful.For instance,an attack on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and offices without electricity,while attacks on social media networks can lead to the exposure of user information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems,computer scientists worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to identify malicious attacks,increasing a network’s safety.In recent years,machine learning (ML) algorithms (机器学习算法) have been found to be particularly promising for automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a model can rely or focus on when making predictions.Ideally,by analysing large datasets,researchers should be able to identify the most suitable features for solving a given task using ML tools,and this can also be applied to intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature selection method that could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs.This method was found to perform remarkably well when compared with other commonly employed feature selection techniques.Using the features they identified as most important for intrusion detection,the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detection system.
In the future,the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings could help the development of new,highly effective IDSs.In addition,the system they created using the features they identified could be applied in real-world settings to detect malicious attacks on real networks.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了IDSs (入侵检测系统)的相关技术和发展。
( )8.What does Paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies
[A] Their targeted users.
[B] Their popularity.
[C] Their potential risks.
[D] Their advantages.
C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句可知,本段主要想指出大多数网络系统都很容易受到恶意攻击,即具有潜在的风险。故选C。
( )9.How can IDSs increase the safety of networks
[A] By tracking malicious attacks.
[B] By starting anti-virus programmes.
[C] By sorting out user information.
[D] By recognising malicious attacks.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,该系统能够识别恶意攻击,提高安全性。故选D。
( )10.What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs
[A] Solving given tasks.
[B] Selecting reliable data features.
[C] Making accurate predictions.
[D] Analysing large enough datasets.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“An important step in...making predictions.”可知,选择可靠的数据特征是该系统发展的重要步骤。故选B。
( )11.What’s the purpose of the text
[A] To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
[B] To promote network-based technologies.
[C] To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
[D] To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据整篇文章内容可知,本文主要是为了介绍IDSs (入侵检测系统)。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
I was a stay-at-home dad,which gave me plenty of time to cook.Ever since I was a kid,cooking had been one of my 1 .My dad had given me some great advice.“If you’re gonna cook,” he began,“you might as well make sure it’s tasty.” So with that 2 ,I’d set about making each dish as 3 as I could.I figured that if something looked and 4 good then,chances were,it would taste great too.
One day,I was on the Internet when I noticed my best friend,Dave,had
5 a video of him cooking.He was 6 with a non-profit organisation that helped men be the best dads they could.“We’re always looking for content,” he said.“Can you 7 your videos with us ” I was more than happy to 8 other fathers to get into the kitchen.So I started to
9 videos of my cooking.I also gave viewers plenty of 10 .“The kitchen can be a place to 11 with others,” I told them.My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting,but most importantly,we all shared a 12 with each other.
My videos grew so 13 that dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions.It’s been an enormous 14 to transform my enthusiasm into something that’s helping others.I hope my videos will keep giving dads a taste of the 15 cooking brings to our lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小就喜欢烹饪,成为父亲后在网上分享的关于烹饪的视频受到越来越多人的喜爱的事情。
( )1.[A] choices [B] jobs
[C] passions [D] dreams
C
【解析】 根据上文“I was a stay-at-home dad,which gave me plenty of time to cook.”可推知,作者从小就喜欢做饭。故选C。
( )2.[A] evidence [B] philosophy
[C] permit [D] warning
B
【解析】 根据上文“‘If you’re gonna cook,’ he began,‘you might as well make sure it’s tasty.’”可知,作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理念在做菜。故选B。
( )3.[A] large [B] simple
[C] memorable [D] expensive
C
【解析】 作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理念在做菜,一定是想尽力做出令人难忘的菜。故选C。
( )4.[A] smelt [B] sounded
[C] remained [D] felt
A
【解析】 根据下文“chances were,it would taste great too”可知,菜应该是看起来和闻起来都好。故选A。
( )5.[A] reserved [B] posted
[C] downloaded [D] sold
B
【解析】 根据上文“I was on the Internet”可知,是在网上看到朋友发布做饭的视频。故选B。
( )6.[A] settled [B] satisfied
[C] compared [D] involved
D
【解析】 根据下文“ a non-profit organisation”可知,空处应是指参加,固定短语be involved with符合语境。故选D。
( )7.[A] share [B] exchange
[C] trouble [D] confirm
A
【解析】 根据上文“We’re always looking for content”可知,他们一直在寻找可以发布到网上的内容,所以应是指分享视频,故选A。
( )8.[A] qualify [B] require
[C] encourage [D] persuade
C
【解析】 根据上文“Can you 7 your videos with us ”可知,是鼓励爸爸们走进厨房,故选C。
( )9.[A] review [B] film
[C] watch [D] select
B
【解析】 根据下文“videos of my cooking”可知,是指拍摄视频,故选B。
( )10.[A] likes [B] orders
[C] requests [D] tips
D
【解析】 根据下文“‘The kitchen can be a place to 11 with others,’I told them.”可知,作者会给观众一些建议,故选D。
( )11.[A] argue [B] compete
[C] connect [D] agree
C
【解析】 根据下文“My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting”可知,厨房是一个可以和他人联系和交流的地方。故选C。
( )12.[A] laugh [B] faith
[C] lesson [D] discussion
A
【解析】 根据上文可知作者做菜时,儿子和女儿都会帮忙,说明在一起沟通和交流是很快乐的。故选A。
( )13.[A] familiar [B] popular
[C] wild [D] visible
B
【解析】 根据下文“dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions”可知,作者的视频越来越受欢迎。故选B。
( )14.[A] chance [B] pleasure
[C] responsibility [D] task
B
【解析】 根据下文可知,能把自己的热情转化到帮助他人的事情上应是快乐的。故选B。
( )15.[A] magic [B] energy
[C] fail [D] effect
A
【解析】 作者希望自己的视频能让爸爸们继续感受烹饪给生活带来的魔力,故选A。
