秘密★启用前
2024-2025（下）6月月度质量监测
高 一 英 语
本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟
【命题组织单位：辽宁沈文新高考研究联盟】
第一部分 听力（共两节）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is the man going to do tonight
A. Book a hotel room.
B. Buy two air tickets
C. Go to the post office
2.When will the movie start
A. At 4:10.
B. At 4:20.
C. At 4:30.
3.What kind of music does the woman like best
A. Pop music.
B. Light music.
C. Classical music.
4.What does the woman say about the sea
A. It is rising.
B. It is too dirty.
C. It is very clean
5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary.
B. Father and daughter.
C. Saleswoman and customer.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the man come to talk with Shelly
A. To attend a party tonight.
B. To invite her to a concert.
C. To practice football with her.
7.When will the speakers meet outside Kent Theater
A. This Thursday.
B. This Saturday.
C. Next Tuesday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What will Lucy do next
A. Take an umbrella.
B. Give a presentation.
C. Borrow some books.
9.Where is the man’s umbrella
A. In the library.
B. In the classroom.
C. In the gym locker.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Why does Jenny decide to move to London
A. She wants to work there.
B. She can live with her parents.
C. She is tired of living in a village.
11.What is the man’s attitude to Jenny’s plan to find a roommate
A. Positive.
B. Doubtful.
C. Uncaring.
12.Who will take care of Jenny’s dog
A. Her parents.
B. Her coworker.
C. Her roommate.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What is the woman doing
A. Chairing a meeting.
B. Hosting a TV program.
C. Having a job interview.
14.What do we know about the woman in college
A. She’s shy.
B. She’s active.
C. She’s polite.
15.Why did the woman stay for a few months in the US
A. For her illness.
B. For her father’s job.
C. For her tennis club.
16.What does the woman value most about the company
A. Its payroll.
B. Its holidays.
C. Its future.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
17.Where is the National Park
A. To the north of the city.
B. To the south of the city.
C. To the east of the city.
18.Who does the speaker prefer to hike with
A. Close friends.
B. Park workers
C. Local villagers.
19.What are the listeners required to do
A. Share photos online.
B. Wear proper clothes.
C. Plant some flowers
20.Why does the speaker give the talk
A. To offer tips for the travel.
B. To inspire new tour guides.
C. To introduce a national park.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Stuck at home These famous museums offer virtual tours you can take on your sofa. According to Fast Company, Google Arts & Culture teamed up with over 2,500 museums and galleries around the world to bring you virtual tours and online exhibits.
Guggenheim Museum, New York
Google's Street View lets visitors tour the Guggenheim's famous spiral (螺旋式) staircase without ever leaving home. From there, you can discover incredible works of art from the Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary times.
Pergamon Museum, Berlin
As one of Germany's largest museums, Pergamon has a lot to offer—even if you can't physically be there. This historical museum is home to plenty of ancient works including the Ishtar Gate of Babylon and, of course, the Pergamon Altar.
Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
Anyone who is a fan of this tragic, gifted painter can see his works up close (or, almost up close) by virtually visiting this museum—the largest collection of artworks by Vincent Van Gogh, including over 200 paintings, 500 drawings, and over 750 personal letters.
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
European artworks from as far back as the 8th century can be found in this California art museum. Take a Street View tour to discover a huge collection of paintings, drawings, sculptures, manuscripts, and photographs.
To see more of Google Arts & Culture's collection of museums, visit the collection's website.
21.Which one will you visit if you like modern art
A. Pergamon Museum.
B. Guggenheim Museum.
C. The J. Paul Getty Museum.
D. Van Gogh Museum.
22.Who will be interested in Pergamon Museum
A. One who is fond of tragic films.
B. One who enjoys European artworks.
C. One who likes paintings of Van Gogh.
D. One who is interested in ancient artworks.
23.What is special about the J. Paul Getty Museum
A. It is one of the largest museums in the USA.
B. It is the only home to artworks in California.
C. It includes all forms of artworks in the world.
D. It exhibits European artworks from the 8th century.
B
Fang Jianze, a student of today’s Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, was diagnosed (诊断) with a rare disease at the. age of three, leaving his legs almost useless.
Up until he met his university professor, Fang Jianze always believed he would never be able to do anything on his own. In January 2020, when he put on his first diving suit and began his training, he found himself in a pool of emotions.
In order to build up his physical strength, Fang began riding his bike 5 km every day, covering more than 600 km in half a year. To overcome his fear at water, he fully immersed (沉浸) himself in it in both a mental and physical way. Due to the weakness in his upper arms, he had to rely on his body and legs to keep him afloat.
On August 19th,2020, Fang Jianze got the world’s 2075th Disabled Divers Certification, and became China’s first certified diver with muscle disease.
Since becoming an accomplished diver, Fang sees the world from an entirely new point of view. Now, he has the confidence and ability to help others overcome their own doubts and fears. In 2020 alone, he helped to upgrade more than 20 facilities (设施) for people with disabilities in various ways in Guangzhou.
Nowadays, most parts of the world have accepted the idea of making things accessible for everyone. Everyone can benefit from a barrier-free environment. By accommodating each other’s differences, perhaps we can find a way in which to live together happily, so that no barrier, physical or mental, can impede someone from going after their dreams.
24.What happened to Fang Jianze when he was three years old
A. He lost his legs in an accident.
B. He began training to become a diver.
C. He started riding a bike to build up his strength.
D. He suffered from a rare disease that affected his legs.
25.Why did Fang Jianze start riding his bike every day
A. To overcome his fear of water.
B. To help others with disabilities.
C. To improve his physical fitness.
D. To prepare for a diving competition.
26.What does the underlined word “impede” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Stop.
B. Protect.
C. Guide.
D. Separate.
27.Which of the following can best describe Fang Jianze
A. Lucky and warm-hearted.
B. Strong-willed and helpful.
C. Outgoing and curious.
D. Adventurous and proud.
C
These days, we’re all well aware of the plastic problem the world’s facing. We’re reminded of this issue all the time, whether that’s by being encouraged to recycle, or by having to pay for disposable carrier bags.
Although we all realize what a serious issue plastic pollution is, it’s different when you actually see the overwhelming results of it for yourself. This was the situation a team of researchers who recently published a study on the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch (垃圾带) in the journal Scientific Reports found themselves in. According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California, US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste and covers 1.6 million square kilometers. It’s over four times the size of Japan, or almost 100 times the size of Beijing.
“I’ve been doing this research for a while, but it was depressing to see [the patch in person],” Laurent Lebreton, lead author of the study, told the Guardian. “There were things you just wondered how they made it into the ocean. There’s clearly an increasing influx of plastic into the garbage patch.”
It’s believed that 8 million tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year, and a lot of it ends up collecting near largo ocean currents around the world, forming “islands” of plastic. This causes problems not only for son creatures but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the digestive systems of fish and birds.
As a result, it’s believed that plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates — not to mention the countless creatures that choke on plastic waste, or are poisoned by the chemicals in it.
So what can we do about this
Lebreton is a member of the Ocean Cleanup Foundation, a group that’s developed technology to collect plastic waste from the ocean. This is a huge project, with the group claiming it will take around five years just to clean up half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone. But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more mindful of how we use it. “In my opinion, plastic is very useful. But I think we must divert (转移) the way we use plastic, particularly in terms of single-use plastic and those objects that have a very short service lifespan,” he told BBC News.
28.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
B. A study on plastic pollution.
C. Lebreton and his research.
D. Cleaning ocean of plastic.
29.According to the text, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ________.
A. is about four times the size of Beijing.
B. is harmful to both sea creatures and humans.
C. consists of about 1.6 million tons of plastic waste.
D. was formed because of swirling ocean currents.
30.What can we learn from the passage
A. People should be more careful with their use of plastic products.
B. Single-use plastic should be banned for the sake of the environment.
C. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch will be cleaned up in about five years.
D. Plastic products with short service lifespans should be replaced.
31.What is the text probably from
A. A business report
B. A textbook
C. A magazine
D. Science fiction
D
The emergence of de-inking printers represents an advancement of printing technology and paper recycling, addressing one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. For decades, conventional printing processes have been linked to substantial paper waste, with millions of tons of paper being consumed annually-often used just once before being thrown away.
The innovative de-inking printer operates through a combination of advanced technologies. Using an advanced sensor system, it first identifies the presence of ink on the surface of the paper. Subsequently, a high-intensity laser (激光) is precisely directed to target and vaporize (汽化) ink effectively, removing them without causing any damage to the paper fibers.
One of the most remarkable advantages of this technology lies in its potential to reduce overall paper consumption. By enabling the reuse of printed materials through effective ink removal, it significantly reduces the demand for newly produced paper. This shift not only preserves natural resources but also plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions associated with the paper production.
From an economic perspective (角度), the adoption of de-inking printers presents long-term financial advantages. Although the initial investment in purchasing and installing the printer may be relatively high, the long-term savings from reduced paper and ink purchases can be substantial.
However, the widespread adoption of de-inking printers is not without its challenges. The technology requires further improvements to enhance de-inking efficiency and ensure that the quality of recycled paper meets industry standards. Additionally, there exists a significant barrier in terms of user acceptance: many individuals and organizations remain accustomed to using new paper and may be reluctant to recycled alternatives, even when they are of comparable quality.
In conclusion, the de-inking printer stands as a ray of hope for achieving a more sustainable future within the printing industry. With continued technological advancements and growing environmental awareness, this technology has the potential to transform the industry, contributing to a more eco-friendly and resource-efficient world.
32.What is the de-inking printer aimed at
A. Recycling the used ink.
B. Producing recyclable paper.
C. Improving the printing speed.
D. Reducing the waste of resources.
33.How does the de-inking printer remove ink from paper
A. By adding chemicals into the ink.
B. By combining sensors and lasers.
C. By converting paper into new materials.
D. By using laser to burn letters on the paper.
34.What blocks the broad application of de-inking printer
A. It can only be used with special ink.
B. It is too large to be used in most offices.
C. People are unwilling to use recycled paper.
D. Users find it complex to understand.
35.What is the author’s attitude towards de-inking printer
A. Optimistic.
B. Doubtful.
C. Neutral.
D. Negative.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most self-motivation definitions consider how you can find the ability to do what needs to be done without influence from other people or situations. Self-motivation is encouraging yourself to continue making progress toward a goal even when it feels challenging. It’s turning your shoulds into musts. How can you motivate (激励) yourself to achieve your goals 36
Take responsibility for your life. Self-motivation is often difficult because it comes from you. If you don’t take care of the underlying issues that keep you from making progress, you can fall back on blaming (归咎于) others for your failure. In some cases, you can rely on external factors and friends for motivation. 37 In other words, you’re the one who must take charge of your own life.
38 You need a powerful purpose to motivate you. Why do you want to build a business It likely goes back to the ability to do what you want, when you want and with whom you want - the true definition of success. Connect your goals back to your purpose and you’ll never lack self-motivation.
Reevaluate your goals. At any moment, the decision you make can change the course of your life forever. If you focus on your vision and purpose, but you’re still not feeling inspired, you may need to make a decision to go in a new direction. 39
Create powerful beliefs. 40 If you don’t have enough self-motivation, it comes down to one reason: you don’t see yourself as a self-motivated person. Change your negative beliefs into positive ones by conditioning your mind. Catch yourself when you think negatively about yourself and change that self-talk so that it motivates you instead of holding you back.
A．Find your why.
B．Create a great action plan.
C．Here are some tips that might help you.
D．You need to have a clear purpose to get enough self-motivation.
E．The only limitations in our lives are the ones we put on ourselves.
F．But at the end of the day, you’re the one who has to put in the work.
G．That is to say, if your why isn’t motivating you, then you may need a new why.
第三部分 语言知识与运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On May 4, Fan Jinshi donated 10 million yuan to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund. Fan is 41 as a famous archaeologists (考古学家) in China, and her 42 will support further research into Dunhuang.
All people present were 43 by her love for Dunhuang. Fan Jinshi, also 44 as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”, 45 from Peking University and then 46 for the Northwest Desert. Since then, she has 47 herself to protecting the caves in history.
Fan used 48 technologies to protect the caves, and now Dunhuang 49 tourists from around the world.
Today, Fan is still trying to promote talks and 50 between Peking University and the Dunhuang School.
Fan said, “Though now I work, I am a student of Peking University, and I was able to 51 to the caves in Dunhuang. I hope that the fund can help 52 the Dunhuang studies of Peking University.”
The fund 53 Fan’s prize money and her savings. She believes in taking money from the right place and spending it in a 54 way to ensure that it is used for the benefit of society.
Fan Jinshi’s speech 55 so many people, and the research on Chinese archaeology will continue developing.
41.A. organized B. considered C. frightened D. encouraged
42.A. wish B. respect C. opinion D. donation
43.A. moved B. thanked C. connected D. explained
44.A. known B. informed C. allowed D. sent
45.A. admired B. expected C. explained D. graduated
46.A. set up B. break out C. set off D. break down
47.A. applied B. replied C. supplied D. relied
48.A. delicious B. unique C. false D. dizzy
49.A. affects B. welcomes C. offers D. shares
50.A. description B. definition C. responsibility D. exchanges
51.A. lead B. owe C. contribute D. stick
52.A. improve B. rise C. dream D. devote
53.A. shows up B. consists of C. takes off D. stands out
54.A. final B. lucky C. wise D. simple
55.A. included B. reminded C. cared D. inspired
第二节：语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
On May 10, 2025, Jiang Shaopeng, a student from Yantai Vocational School, was waiting in a taxi with classmates to take the college entrance exam when a sudden emergency 56 (occur). One of his classmates suddenly fainted and started 57 (cough) uncontrollably. Jiang, 58 had learned basic first-aid skills 59 (specific) during his school training, quickly took action. He performed CPR and artificial respiration calmly 60 the taxi driver, Mr. Wang, called the police 61 help.
After the driver's request, traffic lights turned green, and they reached the hospital in 7 minutes, normally 62 (take) 15 minutes. Thanks to their efforts, That the classmate's life was saved became clear when he regained consciousness. However, Jiang missed the important Chinese exam. He said, "Missing 63 exam is regrettable, but losing a life has no second chance. " His bravery moved many people. Over 500, 000 netizens asked the education department to allow him to take a makeup test. And Jiang and Mr. Wang were honored with 64 (respect) title of "Yantai Hero" by local authorities. This story shows how quick thinking and 65 (prepare) can save lives.
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，上周五你参观了学校举办的健康饮食（healthy eating）图片展。请你给英国朋友Helen写一封邮件分享这次经，内容包括：
1.活动介绍；
2.你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Helen,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was such a nice day and it's Sunday.I left for the park with my skateboard.There were so many kids in the central square.The parents chatted merrily in small groups，occasionally taking a glance at their kids.I skated for about half an hour and took a break on the nearby bench.Early summer morning was always the best time，the bird chirping in the trees and cool winds blowing in my face.How could I miss it？Dad said he was going to mow the lawn in the yard on the weekend and asked whether I could help.I made an excuse and just ran away.
I took a look around the park before I stood up and spotted an old man on the far side of the park.He kept bending forward and threw something into a plastic bag with him I watched for a while and realized what he was doing.He was picking up the litter.At first，I thought he might be a cleaner working in the park but I had never seen him before. "Who is he？It's Sunday and he is not here for fun？" I talked to myself.I went on skating and forgot about him.
Time went fast and the sun was already high up in the sky.It was getting hot and I was tired.I was ready to go when I saw the old man again.The park was hall empty.He was still there，collecting the rubbish left on the benches with much effort.Time and time again，he stopped to straighten his body but he showed no sign of leaving soon.Clearly，it was hard work for people of his a age.
"Not to leave？What if he has no water left in such hot weather？" I wondered.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With some hesitation，I walked toward him.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024-2025（下）6月月度质量监测
高 一 英 语 参考答案
【命题组织单位：辽宁沈文新高考研究联盟】
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C C B C B C B C A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A A C B B C A A B A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B D D D C A B D B A
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
C D B C A C F A G E
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
B D A A D C A B B D
51 52 53 54 55
C A B C D
56.occurred
57.coughing
58.who
59.specifically
60.while
61.for
62.taking
63.the
64.respectful
65.preparation
66.小作文范文：
Dear Helen,
Last Friday, I had the chance to visit an eye-catching photo show on healthy eating in our school. The event showcased various tasty foods and highlighted their benefits for our well-being. There were amazing photos of fruits, vegetables, and balanced meals, along with informative posters on the importance of a balanced diet.
I found the show eye-opening as it stressed the significance of making good food choices for our health. It was a great opportunity to learn more about healthy eating in such a practical way.
Yours,
Li Hua
67.大作文范文：
略
2024-2025学年度（下）学期6月月度监测
高 一 英 语 听力录音文稿
【命题组织单位：辽宁沈文新高考研究联盟】
Part1.听力试音文稿
Mission to map Titanic wreck site
The expedition team is getting ready to leave Providence port in Rhode Island to spend twenty days exploring the Titanic. The wreck lies 3,800 metres beneath the waves. The team will study it using two underwater robots. They’re fitted with an array of cameras to create a detailed 3D scan, and sensors including a magnetometer, which will reveal what lies beneath the sediment for the first time. The team will be focusing on the debris field where the contents of the ship are scattered across the sea floor.
The crew will also place a memorial to PH Nargeolet. The veteran underwater explorer was supposed to be leading this expedition, but was one of five people who died on board the Titan submersible, which imploded as it descended on a dive to the Titanic last year.
Part2.听力录音文稿
1. 【原文】W: Oh, darling, have we done everything on the list
M: Let’s see. Bank, post office, airline office shoes. We haven’t booked our hotel room yet, but I’ll do that on the telephone tonight.
2. 【原文】W: When does the film begin
M: Four thirty. There are only ten minutes left.
3. 听力原文：
M: I really enjoy pop music and light music. How about you
W: I also like pop music. But classical music is even more enjoyable to me.
4. 【原文】W: Have you seen the sea
M: Of course I have. It’s all around us.
W: No, I mean, have you seen how dirty the water is It looks as if it isn’t clean enough to swim here.
5. 【原文】W: What can I do for you, sir
M: Have you got the Harry Potter series I want a copy for my daughter.
W: Sorry, we haven’t got that at the moment, but we could order it for you. Do you know the name of the publisher
6~7.
M: Hello, Shelly. Shall we go to a concert at eight o’clock this Thursday evening
W: Let me see. Oh, I am sorry. I’ll be having dinner with a friend then.
M: How about Saturday or Sunday
W: Sorry, I have football practice.
M: What a pity. When will you have time then
W:The following Tuesday. Is that okay with you
M: Fine. So shall we meet at seven outside the Kent theater
W: All right. See you there then.
8~9.
M: Hi Lucy, what are you doing in the library
W: Hi Jim, I am in a hurry to do a presentation but the classroom is on the other side of the school. I have only ten minutes left. I have to go now.
M: It is raining outside. Did you bring an umbrella with you
W: God, I left it at home before I went to school this morning. What should I do right now
M: Don’t worry, Lucy, I have an umbrella in my gym locker. I can lend my umbrella to you. Would you stay here and wait for me
W: That’s very nice of you, Jim, but the gym is too far away from here. I can’t wait any longer or else I will be late. Don’t bother. I’ll go at once.
10~12.
M: Hi Jenny, is it true you are moving to London
W: Yes, it is.
M: What made you decide to do that
W: Work Mainly. I'm sure I'll be able to find a job there.
M: But where are you going to live
W: I hope I will find a flat to share with somebody that'll be cheaper.
M: Yes, that's a good idea. Are you taking your dog with you
W: No, I don't think so. My parents have offered to take care of him, and I don't think he'd get used to the city life.
M: You're probably right, but aren't you afraid of moving to such a big place, especially after living in a small village
W: Not really. I think I'll enjoy myself. There's so much to do there. I expect I won't miss the countryside much and I can always come back and visit it.
13~16.
M: Hello Miss Wang.
W: Hello, glad to meet you.
M: Tell me something about yourself please.
W: I am a student of Beijing university. I have majored in public administration. I like traveling very much and enjoy sports. I am in the tennis club at my university.
M: Your application form says you were out of school for half a year during high school. What was the reason were you ill
W: Oh no, my father's job took him to America for six months then and he decided to take the whole family along.
M: So during that time you went to high school in the United States.
W: Yes, it was just for a few months. I attended Johnson high school in Chicago.
M: Tell me why you are interested in working for this company, will you
W: I think working in this company would give me the best opportunity to use what I've learned at college. I think this company has a great future.
M: Have you ever worked during your university days
W: Yes. I worked as a tutor to teach English to a middle school student.
17~20.
The national park we will visit is located in the desert just north of our city. Like any hike of this nature, you should be prepared for the adventure in the desert. First hike with a partner for safety. I enjoy hiking with family members and close friends. Second, carry a cell phone with you. However, keep in mind that you might not get any signal in some places, so don't depend on it. Third, be sure to have the right clothing and shoes or boots for the hike. Light, breathable clothing is the best during the summer, along with a hat and strong hiking shoes. Fourth, carry plenty of water. Having a few snacks can give you energy, too. Fifth, take a small first aid box with you, particularly on longer hikes in case you get injured. Sixth, pack a detailed map of the area you are hiking, along with a compass or a GPS to locate your position. And finally, take nothing home with you except pictures and memories. You can protect these areas by leaving all rocks, flowers and other objects for future visitors.
