Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words & Expressions课件(共20张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

(共20张PPT)
Words & Expressions
Unit 4
adversity and courage
adversity n. 困境, 逆境 (同: misfortune) _______ adj. 不利的, 反面的
It’s in adversity that courage and inner strength ___________ (reveal).
克服逆境 _________ the adversity
正是在逆境中，勇气和内在力量得以显现。
are revealed
overcome
adverse
wage n. 工资, 薪水 (同: pay, salary) _______ n. 收入, 收益
income
bitter adj. 味苦的, 严寒的, 激烈而不愉快的
Tom trembled in the __________ (刺骨寒风).
Without your generous assistance, I couldn’t have gone through _______________ (那段痛苦的时光).
bitter wind
the bitter period
expedition n. 探险, 探险队
go on an expedition to the Antarctic
During the expedition, _____ deeply impressed all of us was his endurance and perseverance.
去南极探险
The noise from the construction site was unendurable, _______ (drive) the residents crazy.
endurance n. 忍耐力, 耐久力 ______ v. 忍耐 (同: bear/stand/tolerate _____ sth.), 持续
doing
endure
beyond endurance
enduring adj. 持久的 endurable adj. _________
what
忍无可忍
可忍受的
driving
不可忍受的
vigo(u)r n. 精力, 活力 (同: energy) ________ adj. 精力充沛的
vigorous
同: energetic, dynamic
turn sb. down 拒绝某人 (同: refuse, reject, ______ )
turn the volume down
Confronted with so many troubles, I turned to Tom for help. Surprisingly, it turned out that Tom turned his back on me.
turn/_____ in ... 上交...
turn around 转身
decline
调低(音量)
turn up 调高(音量), 出现
turn to sb. (for help) 向...求助
turn out ... 结果是..., 生产
turn one’s back on ... 对...置之不理
hand
qualified adj. 符合资格 ______ v. 符合资格 ___________ n. 资格, 资质 ______ n. 质量
qualify
qualification
quality
be qualified for / to do ... 有资格做/能胜任...
... qualify sb. for / to do ... 使...有资格做/胜任...
【申请信】1) I hold the firm belief that I ____________________ (能胜任志愿工作).
2) Fluency in English and related working experiences qualify me _______ (carry) out the task independently.
3) She has qualifications _________ (become) a professional doctor, with her medical degree and years of clinical experience.
4) She was disqualified from the competition after failing a drug test.
am qualified for voluntary works
to carry
to become
disqualify v. 取消资格
enthusiastic adj. 热情的 _____________ adv. 热情地
__________ n. 热情 _________ n. 狂热爱好者
enthusiastically
enthusiasm
enthusiast
be enthusiastic/passionate _____ 对...热情
____ enthusiasm 热情地 arouse/fuel the enthusiasm ___ ... 点燃对...的热情
about
with
for
1) Without my teacher’s guidance, I wouldn’t have been enthusiastic _____ English and absorbed in learning English.
2) To our disappointment, he lost the enthusiasm ___ sports after the accident.
3) They cheered both teams ____ enthusiasm.
about
for
with
aboard adv./prep. 上(船/飞机等), 在(船/飞机等)上
The plane crashed, killing all 157 passengers aboard/_________.
They are the last two to go aboard the ship.
Hardly had we arrived at the train station when the conductor shouted “All aboard”.
on board
请大家上车/船
1) abroad adv. _______ from/at home and abroad
2) broad adj. _______ with a broad smile on the face _______ v. 拓宽 one’s horizon
3) board n. ___________ v. 上船/飞机等 cupboard n. 橱柜, 壁橱 (同: closet)
在国外
宽阔的
broaden
木板, 董事会
assign v. 分派, 布置, 分配 __________ n. 分配, 任务
assign sb. sth. ＝ assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物
assign sb. to (do) sth. 指派某人(做)...
assignment
1) During the Tree Planting Day, our monitor assigned a specific task ___ each student. I ___________ (assign) to dig the pits and my deskmate’s __________ (assign) was to put soil into the pits.
2) My teacher assigned me ____________ (participate) in the writing competition and I focused on polishing my article _________ (repeat) until it became perfect.
3) To get the credit, students must read the ________ (assign) reading materials and finish three papers.
to
was assigned
assignment
to participate
repeatedly
assigned
steward n. 乘务员, 服务员 __________ n. 女乘务员
stewardess
waiter waitress
envy vt./n. 羡慕, 嫉妒 _______ adj. 羡慕的, 忌妒的 (同: jealous)
________ adv. 羡慕地 = ____ envy
envious
enviously
with
envy sb. (doing) sth. 羡慕/忌妒...(做)...
be the envy of sb/sth. 成为...羡慕/忌妒的对象
be envious of... 对...羡慕
1) I envied him _____ (be) enthusiastic and full of energy. It seemed that he never felt exhausted.
2) I am envious ___ you, because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.
3) Not only is Jim fluent in English but also has much perseverance, so he ________ (envy) by the whole class.
being
of
is envied
crush vt. 毁坏, 压碎 n. 拥挤人群
The car was completely _______ (crush) by the truck.
I couldn’t find a way through the crush/______.
He is sinking because she has a crush on others.
crushed
crowd
迷恋...
crushed adj. 压碎的
crushing adj. 毁灭性的
crash v./n.碰撞, 崩溃
sink - ____ - ____ v. 沉没, 下沉 n. 洗碗槽
sank sunk
sink into the sea/chair/anger
be sunk/lost in thought 陷入沉思中
sb’s heart sinks 心里一沉（指心情沮丧）
1) The Titanic was a passenger ship which _____ (sink) into the bottom of the ocean in 1912.
2) Tom let out a sigh and _____ (sink) into the chair.
3) She just sat there, sunk ___ thought.
sank
sank
in
gas/electric stove
blanket n. 毯子 (同: rug)
形近: fill the blank
n. 空白处
carpet n. 地毯
abandon vt./n. 舍弃, 抛弃 (同: desert, give up) __________ adj. 被抛弃的, 无约束的
abandoned
Jane completely believed that her husband would never abandon finding her in the unfamiliar forest.
The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.
To broaden her horizon, the steward abandons herself to reading all kinds of books in her spare time.
abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)...
放纵地
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.
= be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉迷于(做) ...
1) As far as I know, they have abandoned ________ (carry) out the plan for lack of money.
2) The kind woman decided to take care of the cats __________ (abandon) by their owners.
3) Tom abandoned himself to _______ (play) computer games and I resolved to help him.
4) Although he was the last one ________ (reach) the finish line, the other children cheered _____ abandon, not for the result but for his strong perseverance.
carrying
abandoned
playing
to reach
with
belongings n.[pl.] 财务, 财产 _______ v. 属于 _________ n. 归属
belong
belonging
savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境
/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体
keep your personal belongings
获得归属感
belong ___ 属于... (无被动无进行)
achieve a sense of belonging
to
1. When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong).
2. Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers.
3. The old house (belong) to my grandfather is still in good condition.
belonging
to
belonging
banjo n. 班卓琴
miserable adj. 痛苦的, 令人难受的
______ n. 痛苦, 悲惨
misery
voyage n./v. 航海, 航行
He saw life as a voyage of discovery.
sail v. 航行 n. 帆 sailing n. 航行 _____ n. 水手
sailor
________ v. 航行 __________ n. 航行 navigator n. 领航员
navigate
navigation
navy 海军
air force 空军
army 军队, 陆军
lead a decent and cozy life
indecent adj. 不礼貌的, 低俗的
selfish adj. 自私的 ______ adj. 无私的
selfless
selfishness n. 自私 selflessness n. 无私
good/bad-tempered adj. 脾气好/坏的
genuine adj. 真正的, 真诚的 genius n. _____
天才
persevere v. 坚持 ____________ n. 毅力, 坚持不懈
perseverance
同: persist v. 坚持 persistence n. 坚持
persevering/perseverant adj. 坚持的
persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持(做)...
with perseverance 坚持地
1. Despite facing numerous setbacks (挫折), the scientist persevered ___ his research on cancer treatment.
2. Her ____________ (persevere) in the face of adversity is an inspiration to us all.
in
perseverance
resolve v./n. 决定, 决心 _________ n. 决议, 解决方案, 决心
resolution
同: determine v. 决定, 确定 determination n. 决心
决定做...
a resolution to ... ...的解决方案
resolve on (doing) sth. = resolve to do sth.
= make a resolution to do sth.
1. Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors, so our country has resolved _______ (spare) no effort to protect them.
2. To free the students from their endless homework, the school has resolved ___ taking a series of measures.
3. The lawyer’s advice led to the _________ (resolve) of all disagreements.
to spare
on
resolution
crew n. 全体工作人员 (同: staff ) a crew of ... 一组...
cruel adj. 残酷的, 残忍的 _______ adv. 残忍地 _______ n. 残忍
be cruel to ... 对...残忍
cruelly
cruelty
I can’t endure people who are cruel ___ animals.
to
thorough adj. 深入的, 彻底的 carry out a thorough investigation
through adv. __________ go through the bitter period
though conj. ______ 同: although
thought n. _____
通过, 穿过
尽管
想法
furniture n. [U] 家具 (a piece/set of furniture) _______ v. 布置家具, 提供
furnish
be furnished with ... 配备有...
1. The company will furnish the office space _____ all the necessary equipment.
2. The store offers a wide variety of sets of furniture, _______ (range) from traditional to contemporary styles.
with
ranging
unfortunately adv. 不幸地 _______ n. 幸运, 财富 __________ n. 不幸
fortune
misfortune
make a fortune 发财
seek/try one’s fortune 碰运气
1. He abandoned his former job to make __ fortune.
2. __________ (fortune), the scientist managed _________ (resolve) the tough problem.
a
Fortunately
to resolve
bark n./v. 狗叫, 树皮 With the stranger __________ (approach), the dog barked at him.
approaching
rugby n. 橄榄球运动 play rugby
bat n. 球拍, 蝙蝠 v. 挥打 (bat - ______ - ______ )
batted batted
damp adj. 潮湿的, 湿气重的 n. 潮湿 v. 使潮湿
the warm damp air
She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg.
recreation n. 娱乐, 消遣 ___________ adj. 娱乐的
improve facilities for sport and recreation
Some films combine recreational functions with abundant __________ (education n. 教育) functions.
recreational
educational
改善体育娱乐设施
guidance n. 指导 ______ v. 指导 n. 指南, 导游 (tour guide) guiding adj. 给予指导的
guide
1. (25年全国卷一) “...You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘________ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei.
2. With/Under the ________ (guide) of advisor, Susan has grasped some basic knowledge about finance.
3. _______ (guide) by the local farmer, we found the old house easily.
guidance
guidance
Guided
nephew n. 侄子, 外甥 _____ n. 侄女
niece
advertise v. 宣传, 做广告 __________ n. 广告活动 ____________ n. 广告
advertising
advertisement
corporate adj. 公司的, 法人的 ___________ n. 公司
corporation
形近: cooperate v. __________ ___________ n. __________ adj. 合作的
合作, 协作
cooperation
cooperative
rough adj. 粗略的, 粗糙的, 汹涌的, 高低不平的, 艰难的 ________ adv.
1) He nipped(捏) Billy’s cheek with two rough fingers.
2) Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.
3) We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.
4) The first year was rough / _____ , but things have gotten better.
5) The Atlantic Ocean has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild.
roughly
tough
loyal adj. 忠诚的, 忠实的 (be loyal to ...) ______ n. 忠诚
loyalty
同: approximately
royal adj. 王室的
motor n. 发动机, 马达 adj. 有引擎的
motorcycle, motorway (同: expressway)
candidate n. 候选人, 应试者
make fire 生火
1) To scare the wild animals away, we _____ (make) fire when the night fell.
2) The kitchen caught fire when the cook left the pan unattended.
3) He was arrested for setting fire to the neighbor’s warehouse.
4) The firefighters quickly put out the fire before it could spread.
5) You are playing with fire by investing all your money in that risky project.
made
catch fire 着火
set fire to ... 放火
灭火
play with fire 玩火, 冒险
give off 放出(光/热/气味等), 释放
give away 捐献, 颁发, 泄露(秘密)
give back 归还
give in (to) 屈服, 让步, 交上
give out 分发, 发出(光/热/声音等), 公布, 精疲力竭
1. When rubbish is burned, it will give ___ large quantities of carbon dioxide.
2. Be careful not to give _____ personal information like your ID number.
3. The argument went on for hours because neither side would give ___.
4. There were people at the entrance giving ____ leaflets.
5. My father decided to give ___ smoking because it did a lot of harm to his health.
off
away
in
out
up
commitment n. 承诺, 保证, 奉献 _______ v. 犯(错/罪行),承诺, 投入
commit
The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players.
Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy.
n. 承诺 (make a commitment/promise to ...)
n. 奉献
n. 投入
commit oneself to do/doing sth. 承诺做某事；致力于做某事
committed adj. 尽心尽力的
be committed to doing sth. 致力于/全心全意地投入去做某事
1. As for my major, I will choose Medicine, which, I know, is a long-term _________ (commit) and a decision that shouldn’t be taken lightly.
2. Jack was a good man who _____________ (commit) to his family as well as to his work.
3. The Canadian government is committed to _________ (advance) the equality in the use of English and French.
commitment
was committed
advancing
motive n. 动机 (同: __________), 原因, 目的
Confucianism n. 孔子学说 Confucian adj. 孔子的, 儒家的 Confucius Institute
motivation
Thanks!