Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures课件(共29张PPT，内镶嵌视频)-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）必修第三册

(共29张PPT)
Unit 4
Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures



Someone You Loved
I’m going under and this time I fear there’s no one to save me
This all or nothing really got a way of driving me crazy
I need somebody to heal
Somebody to know
Somebody to have
Somebody to hold
It’s easy to say
But it’s never the same
I guess I kinda liked the way you numbed all the pain
Lead-in
know
to do 不定式
主动语态
被动语态
意义
一般式
to do
to be done
表未发生
（将来）
进行式
to be doing
表正在进行
完成式
to have done
to have been done
表已完成（表动作发生在谓语动作之前）
Tom determined _____ (go) abroad for further study.
No one like __________ (make) fun of.
He pretend ___________ (read) when the teacher came in.
I’m sorry ____________ (cause) you so much trouble last time.
The car seems __________________ (wash) already.
to go
表动作未发生to do
to be made
to do表动作未发生+be done表被动= to be done
pretend to do sth+ be doing表正在进行 = to be doing
to be reading
be sorry to do sth+ have done表已完成=to have done
to have caused
seem to do sth+ have been done已完成且被动=to have been done
to have been washed
Discuss the italicised infinitives’ functions and meanings.
1. Scientists work hard to find answers.
2. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the
secrets of the universe.
3. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise
their dream to explore space.
4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
5. America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September
1977 to study deep space.
6. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire
to explore the universe never died.
目的状语 adverbial
目的状语
定语 attribute
定语
目的状语
定语
Discussion
Infinitives as attribute
不定式作定语
Part 1
The meeting to take place tomorrow is important.
The question to be discussed next is very confusing.
There was nothing to be done.
4. I need somebody to help
不定式在句子中作__________________
可修饰____________
多置于被修饰词_____
多表示_______发生的动作
后置定语
名词或代词
后面
尚未
用法1
句子成分
1.The airport _____________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2.I have a train__________(catch) tomorrow morning.
3. Do you have anything __________ (express) in the class
4. There is no one ________ (look) after her.
5. I have something important _________(tell) you.
6. There is nothing __________(worry)about.
to express
to tell
to worry
动词不定式用在两个句型中：
have … to do
there be … to do
to look
to be completed
to catch
She was the first student to be admitted into Peking University.
It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
He was the only one to keep moving at the same speed.
The next train to arrive was from New York.
Tom is the last one to finish the work.
序数词、形容词最高级、the only / the next / the last等或被这些词修饰的名词后面常用动词不定式作定语。
用法2
He is always the first _______ (arrive) at the school and the last _______ (leave) the school.
We need the most experienced astronaut_______ (join) the programme.
It' said that Tom is the best man ________(do) the job.
Jane is the only one _____________(admit) into the famous university, she is also the next one ________(give) us a speech.
to arrive
to leave
to join
to do
to be admitted
to give
Practice is the only way to learn a language well.
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
We should get the courage to face the challenge.
Sellers made an efforts to keep the industry from dying out.
I have no desire to play games.
_____名词 ability, aim, attempt, right, chance, effort, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, desire, dream, promise后面用动词不定式作定语。
用法3
抽象
1.【2021年全国甲卷 七选五】It’s the best way _____ (get) ride of your used clothes, score clothes from you friends, and have a party all at the same time.
2. Mr.Yang had a dream_________(be) an astronaut when he as young.
3. Not every fighter pilot has chance ________(explore) the space.
to get
to be
to explore
1）不定式与所修饰的词是主谓关系.
We must find a person to do the job.
2）不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系.
I have a class to attend.
（动宾关系）
（主谓关系）
不定式作后置定语，与被修饰词是动宾关系，且不定式和句子的主语是主谓关系，则不定式用主动表被动。
I have a lot of clothes （wash）.
I have a lot of clothes （wash） by my mother .
to wash
to be washed
用法4
3)不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系, 解释说明所修饰词的内容，常见的这类词有plan,effort,ability,chance,decision,way,ambition...
e.g. I must keep the promise to pay within a month.
Mr.Yang had a chance_________(walk) on the moon
China has plan___________(build) more space stations in space
to walk
to build
注意
I have a suitable pen to write with.
He has no house to live in.
There is nothing to talk about.
作定语的动词不定式若是不及物动词(vi)，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词表示地点、工具等，则后面需加上相应的_______
工具
地点
不及物动词
介词
My brother has a bike to ride ______.
There is a destination to arrive_____.
on
at/in
Infinitives as adverbial
不定式作状语
Part 2
1.Scientists work hard to find out the secrets of universe.
=Scientists work hard in order to/so as to find out the secrets of universe.
2.To/In order to work in space, astronauts needs to be healthy and calm .
= Astronauts needs to be healthy and calm so that/in order that they work in space
不定式在句子中作_____状语，用法等同于：___________________; 可转换成__________________引导的目的状语从句
用法1
in order to, so as to
so that/in order that
目的
1. Scientists work hard so that they can explore the mistery of the space.(用不定式改写目的状语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________2. 一句多译:为了使他们的身体处于控制之中(keep.....under control)，宇航员在太空行走期间不得不缓慢移动。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scientists work hard to explore the mistery of the space.
1. To/In order to keep their bodies under control， astronauts have to move slowly during a spacewalk.
2. Astronauts have to move slowly during a spacewalk so as to keep their bodies under control .
3. Astronauts have to move slowly during a spacewalk so that they keep their bodies under control .
定式_________________________________
She is proud to win this award.
He was glad to be invited to the party.
不定式在句子中作___________________
常用结构：___________________形容词常有：excited, anxious, glad, disappointed, lucky, proud, sorry, worried, shocked等__________的词_
用法2
原因状语
主语 + be + adj + to do
表喜怒哀乐
1. 翻译：听到这个好消息，他很激动。
2.Foreigners were surprised because they knew we had built our own space station. （用不定式改写原因状语从句）
He was excited to hear the good news
Foreigners were surprised to know we had built our own space station.
注意
主语 + be + adj + to do，在这一结构中用不定式主动表被动
可用于此结构的形容词还有：________________________________________________________________
easy, difficult, important, nice, pleasant, hard, dangerous, comfortable等
The song is hard _____ (sing).
The question is easy _____________ (understand).
The problem is difficult __________ (solve).
to sing
to understand
to solve
The boy is old enough to take care of himself.
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
I’m too tired to stay up longer.
She was so angry that she is speechless.
= She was so angry as to be speechless.
5. It is such a bad weather that I have to stay at home
常见结构：_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
结果状语
enough to do
only to do
too ..... to do
so/such......that.. (如此......以至于)
so......as to 如此....以至于
用法2
He went home only to find his old friend George waiting for him.
He was caught in the rain, making himself catch a cold.
不定式作结果状语，表示_________的结果；现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种__________的结果。
不定式_________________________________
注意
出乎意料
自然而然
定式_________________________________
1. He is too young _____________(understand) the knowledge.
2. The rocket is powerful enough _______(lift) a spacecraft.
翻译：
Bob 没交作业，却发现老师没有生气。
Bob 没交作业，使得老师很生气。
to understand
to lift
Bob didn’t hand in his homework, only to find his taecher wasn’t angry.
Bob didn’t hand in his homework, making his taecher very angry.
We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision __________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2012 重庆)
Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. (2013 北京)
The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. (2013 上海)
I have a lot of readings ___________ (complete) before the end of this term. (2010 山东)
to be made
to change
to explore
to complete
Exercise
_____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.(2022·全国乙卷)
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s，and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.(全国Ⅰ卷)
He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only _______ (find) the early train had gone.
(2022·全国甲卷)A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
To strengthen
to perform
to find
to journey
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal __________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, ________ (use) current technology， it would take over two years _____ (get) to the closed seat planet Mars and back. Although light is the fastest thing _____ (know)in the universe, it would take more than four years to reach the newest star system. Well scientists figure out a way ______ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than night No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up they are experimenting with growing crops in space so as ______ (help) astronaut get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to achieve
Using
to get
known
to store
to help
to do
作定语
作状语
1.抽象名词后面
2. 序数词、形容词最高级、the only/the next/the last
3. 表示尚未发生的动作
4. 代词one和不定代词something, anything 等; 两个句型：have … to do / there be … to do
目的状语：to do, in order to, so as to
原因状语：主语 + be + adj + to do
结果状语： so + adj + as to do
such + n + as to do
enough to do
only to do(表出乎意料的结果)
too + adj/adv + to do
Summary
5.名词与不定式存在主谓、动宾、同位关系
Homework
Review the usages of the infinitives as attribute and adverbial.
Finish the exercises in Exercise book P84; text book P80-81



Thank you