UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
主题语境 人与社会 科学研究
背多分1 单元词汇 三维速记
主题大观念 | 思考科学研究的基本步骤和常见方法,理解质疑在科学研究中的作用,了解科学家应具备的品质。
语言大观念 | 围绕科学与科学家相关的词汇与表达,描写最尊重的科学家。
主题情境语块 核心词词形变化
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
process过程 ①raw waste未处理的废弃物 ②carry germs/virus携带病菌/病毒 ③an infection from germs细菌感染 ④multiple deaths多例死亡 ⑤subscribe to同意;赞同 methods and solid proof方法 和可靠证据 ⑥solid adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体 ⑦microscope n.显微镜 ⑧telescope n.望远镜 ⑨maps and statistics地图和数据 ⑩water pump水泵 be to blame负有责任 concrete solutions具体的解决办法 protein n.蛋白质 cell n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房 pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) remove the handle拆把手 results and significance结果和意义 decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt. & vi.减少;减小;降低 a substantial decrease大幅降低 once and for all最终地;彻底地 thanks to幸亏;由于 transform theoretical framework改变理论框架 1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.极为恶劣地;十分严重地;严厉地→severity n.严重,严重性;严肃 2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustrate v.使懊丧;使懊恼;使沮丧→frustration n.懊丧;懊恼;沮丧→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的 3.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→contradiction n. (事实、看法、行动等的)不一致,矛盾→contradict v.反驳;驳斥;批驳 4.infection n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受感染的 5.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.订阅;会员费→subscriber n.订户;订阅者 6.proof n.证据;证明;检验→proofs (pl.)→prove v.证明;证实linking v.证明是 7.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的→multiply vt. & vi.乘;乘以;成倍增加 8.suspect vt. & vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 adj.可疑的→suspected adj.有嫌疑的→suspicious adj.怀疑的 9.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责→blameless adj.无过错的;无可指责的 10.handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)→handling n.处理,对付,握,拿 11.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene v.出面;介入;插嘴 12.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联→linkage n.连接;联系 13.raw adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的→rawness n.生;无经验;半生不熟 14.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.仅仅;完全→purity n.纯净;纯洁→purify vt.净化;使纯净 15.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n. (彻底的)变化,改观,转变→transformative adj.有改革能力的;起改造作用的 16.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→substantially adv.非常;大大地 17.finding n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→find vt.找到;发现 n.发现物;被发现的人 18.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.最初地 19.shadow n.阴影;影子;背光处→shadowy adj.阴暗的;阴影中的;鲜为人知的 20.cast vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷→cast/cast (过去式/过去分词)
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
characteristics特征 ①outstanding leadership杰出的领导才能 ②statistical ability统计能力 ③vivid imagination丰富的想象力 ④creative thinking创造性思维 ⑤above all最重要的是;尤其是 ⑥think outside the box突破常规思维 experience经历 ⑦shift n.改变;转换;轮班 vi. & vt.转移;挪动;转向 ⑧break out突然开始;爆发 ⑨come down with a disease患病 ⑩defend the country保卫国家 in charge of主管;掌管 be traced back to追溯到 be saddened by深感悲伤 achievements成就 household n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 a household name家喻户晓的名字 achieve fame成名 earn the name of被誉为 21.mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→mechanic n.机械师;机械修理工→machine n.机器;设备 22.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解vi. & vt. (为……)辩护→defence/-se n.保护;防御→defensive adj.防御的;戒备的 23.assistant n.助理;助手 adj.助理的;辅助的→assistance n.帮助→assist v.帮助 24.leadership n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→leader n.领导→lead v.引路;引领;领先→leading adj.领先的;一流的 25.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.天赋;礼物 vt.白送;白给 26.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地;平稳地;稳步地→unsteady adj.不稳定的 27.astronomer n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学→astronaut n.宇航员 28.brilliant adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的→brilliantly adv.辉煌地;灿烂地;卓越地→brilliance n.才华;光辉;光彩 29.fault n.弱点;过错 vt.找出缺点→faulty adj.有错误的,有缺陷的→faultless adj.完美无缺的 30.thinking n.思想;思维;见解→think v.考虑;认为→thinker n.思想家→thought n.想法;看法→thoughtful adj.沉思的;体贴的;深思熟虑的 31.statistic n. (pl.-s)统计数字;统计资料;统计学→statistical adj.统计的;统计学的→statistically adv.统计上;统计学上 32.vivid adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→vividly adv.生动地;鲜明地;丰富地 33.concept n.概念;观念→conceptual adj.概念(上)的;观念(上)的 34.trace vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹→traceable adj.可追溯的;可追踪的 35.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的→outstandingly adv.非常;出色地 36.abstract adj.抽象的;理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要→concrete adj.具体的;混凝土制的;确实的 n.混凝土
36篇美文助记新课标3 000词汇
The scientists’ main task is to discover how things work in the universe. But few scientists have placed themselves under the microscope. So even though the solid scientific method, which mainly includes hypotheses, data collection, and statistical analysis, is written down, the method by which scientists come to conclusions is hard to identify. Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. People who are curious usually have a mixture of seemingly contradictory desires: They are looking for originality and yet they also want everything in its proper place. To settle the conflict between statistics and theories, scientists often have to be creative, and think outside the box—handle the problem from different directions. They must have a vivid imagination and a strong intuition in order for new findings to be made. It echoes what the astronomer Carl Sagan once said. He believes that every child “starts out as a scientist” and every child is gifted with the “sense of wonder and awe”.
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
suspect vt.& vi. ①怀疑;疑有 ②不信任 n. ③犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 adj. 可疑的
suspect sth.怀疑某事 suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人有(做)某事的嫌疑 be suspected of (doing) sth.有(做)某事的嫌疑 suspect that ...怀疑……;觉得…… ①She tried hard to smile but suspected that it looked forced.她努力微笑,但也觉得自己看上去笑得很勉强。 ②He resigned after being suspected ________ theft.他被怀疑偷窃,随后就辞职了。
blame vt. ①把……归咎于 ②责怪;指责 n. ③责备;指责
1)blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人 blame sth. on sb./sth.将某事归咎于某人/某物 be to blame (for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任 2)take/bear the blame for ...承担……的责任 put/place/lay the blame on sb./sth.归咎于某人/某物 ①Don’t always blame your own failure on others. You should take/bear the blame for failure.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人,你应该为失败承担责任。(短文) ②Blamed for the failure of the performance, Tim felt a wave of sadness and wept bitterly.蒂姆因演出失败而受到责备,他难过得大哭。(续写情感描写)
link ①n. 联系;纽带 vt. ②把……连接起来 connect ③相关联
1)a link between ... and ...……和……之间的联系 2)link A to/with B/link A and B 将A和B连接/联系起来 link up (with) (与……)连接;结合;使连接 be linked to/with与……联系/连接起来 ①Undoubtedly, mental health is closely linked to our overall well-being.毋庸置疑,心理健康与我们的整体健康密切相关。 ②The two groups have linked up for a charity concert.两个团队联合起来举办了一场慈善音乐会。
decrease n. ①减少;降低 ②减少量 vt.& vi. ③(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 increase
1)on the decrease在下降;在减少 a decrease in sth.某方面的减少/下降 2)decrease by减少了 decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到 decrease in在某方面下降 ①With the traffic improving, the number of accidents is ________ the decrease.随着交通状况的改善,交通事故的数量在减少。 ②The number of new students has decreased from 2,000 ________ 1,600 in recent two years.近两年新生人数从2 000减少到1 600人。
pour vt. ①倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料);注;灌 vi. ②(水等)不断流出;(烟等)被吐出 ③不断涌向/涌现 ④(雨)倾盆而下
pour in/into涌入 pour out (of)涌出 pour down流下;倾泻而下 pour sth. into sth.把……倒入……中;向……投入大量金钱;大量投资于 pour out one’s troubles倾诉某人的苦恼 ①We should do whatever we can do, such as collecting garbage on the seashore or avoiding pouring waste water into the oceans.我们应尽我们所能,如在海边收集垃圾或避免将废水倒入海洋。(应用文倡议书) ②Smoke was pouring out of the upstairs windows.烟从楼上的窗户里滚滚冒出。 ③The sweat was pouring ________ her face by the end of the race.赛跑结束时汗水顺着她的脸颊滚落。
Through Snow’s ①________ (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world ②________ (see) a substantial decrease. ③________, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions ④________ people around the world get cholera ⑤________ many die from it. Fortunately, we now know ⑥________ to prevent cholera, thanks ⑦________ the work of John Snow.
教材优美片段再练背
短语1come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
come down to归结为;传到……手里 come across (偶然)遇见;发现;被理解 come around/round拜访;探访 come about发生 come up走近;上来;发芽;发生;被提出;(太阳、月亮等)升起 come up with想出;提出 come to总计;达到 when it comes to ...当谈到……时 ①Since my grandfather came down ________ the disease, we have taken turns to care for him.自从我祖父患病,我们就轮流照顾他。(道歉信) ②When it comes ________ English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share.说到英语学习,我分享以下实用的建议。(建议信) ③He would come up and pat me on the shoulder, insisting smilingly,“Let me explain why.”他就会走过来,拍拍我的肩膀,微笑着坚持:“我来解释一下为什么。”(2022·浙江高考续写动作+语言描写)
短语2get down to doing 开始做
get away with偷走;做(坏事)而未受惩罚 get away from离开;摆脱;外出度假 get out of离开;逃脱;摆脱 get sth. out of从……中获益 get along/on with与……相处;进展 get through to sb.给某人打通电话 ①Not only am I easy-going and confident but I’m also easy to get along with.我随和、自信,很容易相处。(申请信) ②Time flew before I could get down to ________ (work).我还没来得及工作,时间就飞逝过去了。 ③We never got away with anything in Mrs. Podell’s class—she had eyes like a hawk.在波德尔夫人的课上,我们干什么都瞒不过她——她眼睛尖着呢。
句式until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
1)含由until引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句谓语动词是延续性的,那么这个主句用肯定形式;若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的,则主句常用否定形式,构成not ... until ...结构。 2)倒装结构:部分倒装“Not until ...+助动词+主语+谓语动词”。 3)强调结构:It is/was not until+...+that+主句部分。 ①The little boy was rolling on the floor laughing ________ he couldn’t catch his breath.小男孩笑得在地板上打滚,直到喘不过气来。(续写动作细节描写) ②Not until then did I realize that the love of Mother is priceless, which nothing can match.直到那时,我才明白母亲的爱无价,没有什么能与之相比。 ③It wasn’t until then that I realized that small acts of kindness go a long way.直到那时我才意识到小善行大有帮助。
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——动作描写之leg “动腿”
腿软/抖 ①shaky/shaking/trembling legs颤抖的双腿; ②legs/knees buckle双腿/双膝发软; ③legs/knees be/feel like as weak as jelly双腿/双膝发软
其他 ①tired legs疲惫的双腿; ②cross one’s legs盘腿; ③drag one’s leg拖着(受伤的腿)行走; ④with one’s legs wide apart双腿叉开; ⑤legs give way双腿不受控制; ⑥stretch one’s legs活动活动腿脚
用表“动腿”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景43 主题“挑战自我”——比赛中体力不支时的leg “动腿”
I had begun the final sprint into glory when ①________________________________________ (双腿不受控制). I tried to take a step forward, but ②________________________________________ (我的双腿不听使唤). Even though I knew my dream of victory had been destroyed, I had to finish the race. Then the feeling suddenly surged back into my legs. I stumbled forward, inch by inch, across the finish line. Shame pulsed through my veins as Dad pulled me into his arms, tears pouring down.
微场景44 主题“比赛”——冲向终点时的leg “动腿”
He ran towards the finish line, his mouth dry and ③________________ (双腿颤抖,独立主格). All of a sudden, he tripped and fell, face down. With great effort, ④________________________________________ (他挣扎着站起来). Finally, he crossed the finish line ⑤________________ (双腿颤抖,介词短语). ⑥________________________________________ (他双腿发软) as he collapsed to the ground, exhausted and wet with sweat.
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
背多分2
1.②of 4.①on ②to 5.③down 6.①with ②to 7.②working 8.①until
教材优美片段再练背
①tireless ②saw ③However ④of ⑤and ⑥how ⑦to
背多分3
①my legs gave way ②my legs wouldn’t move ③his legs trembling ④he struggled to his feet ⑤on trembling legs ⑥His legs were as weak as jelly(共43张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
主题语境 人与社会 科学研究
选择性必修 第二册
背多分1 单元词汇 三维速记
主题大观念 | 思考科学研究的基本步骤和常见方法，理解质疑在科学研究中的作用，了解科学家应具备的品质。
语言大观念 | 围绕科学与科学家相关的词汇与表达，描写最尊重的科学家。
process 过程
①raw waste 未处理的废弃物
②carry germs/virus 携带病菌/病毒
③an infection from germs 细菌感染
④multiple deaths 多例死亡
⑤subscribe to 同意；赞同
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
主题情境语块
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
主题情境语块
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
主题情境语块
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
主题情境语块
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
核心词词形变化
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
核心词词形变化
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
核心词词形变化
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
核心词词形变化
the questioning mind 质疑的头脑
核心词词形变化
characteristics 特征
①outstanding leadership 杰出的领导才能
②statistical ability 统计能力
③vivid imagination 丰富的想象力
④creative thinking 创造性思维
⑤above all 最重要的是；尤其是
⑥think outside the box 突破常规思维
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
主题情境语块
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
主题情境语块
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
主题情境语块
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
核心词词形变化
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
核心词词形变化
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
核心词词形变化
what makes a great scientist 伟大科学家的必备素养
核心词词形变化
The scientists’ main task is to discover how things work in the universe. But few scientists have placed themselves under the microscope. So even though the solid scientific method, which mainly includes hypotheses, data collection, and statistical analysis, is written down, the method by which scientists come to conclusions is hard to identify. Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. People who are curious usually have a mixture of seemingly contradictory desires： They are looking for originality and yet they also
want everything in its proper place. To settle the conflict between statistics and theories, scientists often have to be creative, and think outside the box—handle the problem from different directions. They must have a vivid imagination and a strong intuition in order for new findings to be made. It echoes what the astronomer Carl Sagan once said. He believes that every child “starts out as a scientist” and every child is gifted with the “sense of wonder and awe”.
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
①She tried hard to smile but suspected that it looked forced. 她努力微笑，但也觉得自己看上去笑得很勉强。
②He resigned after being suspected ________ theft. 他被怀疑偷窃，随后就辞职了。
of
2.blame vt. ①把……归咎于 ②责怪；指责 n. ③责备；指责
1)blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb./sth. 将某事归咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for sth.) 对(坏事)负有责任
2)take/bear the blame for ... 承担……的责任
put/place/lay the blame on sb./sth. 归咎于某人/某物
①Don’t always blame your own failure on others. You should take/bear the blame for failure. 不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败承担责任。(短文)
②Blamed for the failure of the performance, Tim felt a wave of sadness and wept bitterly. 蒂姆因演出失败而受到责备，他难过得大哭。(续写情感描写)
①Undoubtedly, mental health is closely linked to our overall well-being. 毋庸置疑，心理健康与我们的整体健康密切相关。
②The two groups have linked up for a charity concert.两个团队联合起来举办了一场慈善音乐会。
①With the traffic improving, the number of accidents is ________ the decrease. 随着交通状况的改善，交通事故的数量在减少。
②The number of new students has decreased from 2，000 ________
1，600 in recent two years. 近两年新生人数从2 000减少到1 600人。
on
to
5.pour vt. ①倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；注；灌 vi. ②(水等)不断流出；(烟等)被吐出 ③不断涌向/涌现 ④(雨)倾盆而下
pour in/into 涌入
pour out (of) 涌出
pour down 流下；倾泻而下
pour sth. into sth. 把……倒入……中；向……投入大量金钱；大量投资于
pour out one’s troubles 倾诉某人的苦恼
①We should do whatever we can do, such as collecting garbage on the seashore or avoiding pouring waste water into the oceans. 我们应尽我们所能，如在海边收集垃圾或避免将废水倒入海洋。 (应用文倡议书)
②Smoke was pouring out of the upstairs windows. 烟从楼上的窗户里滚滚冒出。
③The sweat was pouring ________ her face by the end of the race. 赛跑结束时汗水顺着她的脸颊滚落。
down
Through Snow’s ①________ (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world ②________ (see) a substantial decrease. ③__________, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions ④_____ people around the world get cholera ⑤________ many die from it. Fortunately, we now know ⑥________ to prevent cholera, thanks ⑦________ the work of John Snow.
tireless
saw
However
of
and
how
to
6.短语1come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)
come down to 归结为；传到……手里
come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come around/round 拜访；探访
come about 发生
come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起
come up with 想出；提出
come to 总计；达到
when it comes to ... 当谈到……时
①Since my grandfather came down ________ the disease, we have taken turns to care for him. 自从我祖父患病，我们就轮流照顾他。(道歉信)
②When it comes ________ English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share. 说到英语学习，我分享以下实用的建 议。(建议信)
③He would come up and pat me on the shoulder, insisting smilingly, “Let me explain why.” 他就会走过来，拍拍我的肩膀，微笑着坚持： “我来解释一下为什么。”(2022·浙江高考续写动作+语言描写)
with
to
7.短语2 get down to doing 开始做
get away with 偷走；做(坏事)而未受惩罚
get away from 离开；摆脱；外出度假
get out of 离开；逃脱；摆脱
get sth. out of 从……中获益
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
get through to sb. 给某人打通电话
①Not only am I easy-going and confident but I’m also easy to get along with. 我随和、自信，很容易相处。(申请信)
②Time flew before I could get down to ____________ (work). 我还没来得及工作，时间就飞逝过去了。
③We never got away with anything in Mrs. Podell’s class—she had eyes like a hawk. 在波德尔夫人的课上，我们干什么都瞒不过她——她眼睛尖着呢。
working
8.句式until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
1)含由until引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，若主句谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性 的，则主句常用否定形式，构成not ... until ...结构。
2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until ...+助动词+主语+谓语动词”。
3)强调结构：It is/was not until+...+that+主句部分。
①The little boy was rolling on the floor laughing ________ he couldn’t catch his breath. 小男孩笑得在地板上打滚，直到喘不过气来。 (续写动作细节描写)
②Not until then did I realize that the love of Mother is priceless, which nothing can match. 直到那时，我才明白母亲的爱无价，没有什么能与之相比。
③It wasn’t until then that I realized that small acts of kindness go a long way. 直到那时我才意识到小善行大有帮助。
until
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——动作描写之leg “动腿”
腿软/抖 ①shaky/shaking/trembling legs颤抖的双腿； ②legs/knees buckle双腿/双膝发软； ③legs/knees be/feel like as weak as jelly双腿/双膝发软
其他 ①tired legs疲惫的双腿； ②cross one’s legs盘腿； ③drag one’s leg拖着(受伤的腿)行走； ④with one’s legs wide apart双腿叉开； ⑤legs give way双腿不受控制； ⑥stretch one’s legs活动活动腿脚
用表“动腿”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景43 主题“挑战自我”——比赛中体力不支时的leg “动腿”
I had begun the final sprint into glory when ①_________________ (双腿不受控制). I tried to take a step forward, but ②_____________________ (我的双腿不听使唤). Even though I knew my dream of victory had been destroyed, I had to finish the race. Then the feeling suddenly surged back into my legs. I stumbled forward, inch by inch, across the finish line. Shame pulsed through my veins as Dad pulled me into his arms, tears pouring down.
my legs gave way
my legs wouldn’t move
微场景44 主题“比赛”——冲向终点时的leg “动腿”
He ran towards the finish line, his mouth dry and ③__________________
(双腿颤抖，独立主格). All of a sudden, he tripped and fell, face down. With great effort, ④____________________ (他挣扎着站起来). Finally, he crossed the finish line ⑤________________ (双腿颤抖，介词短语). ⑥___________________________ (他双腿发软) as he collapsed to the ground, exhausted and wet with sweat.
his legs trembling
he struggled to his feet
on trembling legs
His legs were as weak as jelly
