人教课标版英语 BOOK8 Unit5 Meeting your ancestors同步测试

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人教课标版BOOK8 Unit5 Meeting your ancestors
同步测试
1、 选择题
1、Many lifestyle patterns do suchgreat harm to health that they actually speed upweaking of the human boy.
A．a; / B．a; the C．/; the D．/; /
答案：B
解析：第一空的harm是一个不可数名词，即使前面有形容词修饰，仍然不能加冠词。第二空特指人体的衰败。句意：很多生活方式对健康的伤害是如此之大以至于实际上加快了人体衰败的速度。
点评：本题考察冠词。
2、-Do you think David will fail in the maths exam again？-
A.No,I don’t believe it B.I hope not C.I expect not D.I don’t suppose it
答案：B
解析：为了避免重复回答类似的问题可用Yes，I hope so. /No，I hope not.类似的动词还有：believe，think，expect，suppose，be afraid等,故选B。
点评：本题考查情景交际。
3、The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
答案：B
解析：表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
点评：本题考查词语辨析。
4、In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may preserve the majority extinction.
A. against B. with C. beyond D. from
答案：D
解析：句意：尽管未能拯救每一个濒危物种,我们可以使大部分免遭灭绝。preserve sth. from 使……免遭……，符合句意。
点评：本题考查词语固定搭配。
5、It is the duty of the police to social order.
A. save B.reserve C.preserve D. rescue
答案：C
解析：句意：警察的责任是维护社会秩序。选C。A、D两项都意为“拯救”；B项意为“保留，保存”；C项意为“保护，维持”。根据句意可知，选C。
点评：本题考查词义辨析。
6、 the difficulties in talking, they can understand each other by body language.
A. Regardless of B. Although C. Though D. In spite
答案：A
解析：although与though是连词，后需跟句子，而the difficulties in talking是名词短语，故排除。D项表达有误。故选A。
点评：本题考查连词的运用。
7、Some people act regardless what will happen afterwards.
A.with B. as C. of D. for
答案：C
解析： regardless of不顾，不管。符合句意。
点评：本题考查固定搭配。
8、He got to the airportto find that the plane had left two minutes before.
A.just B.only C.in order D.almost
答案：B
解析：句意：他到了机场，结果却发现飞机在2分钟之前飞走了。Only+不定式结构表示令人失望的结果，故选B。
点评：本题考查词Only+不定式结构。
9、-Do you like coffee or milk？-Both.But I prefer coffeemilk.
A．to B.for C.with D.from
答案：C
解析：由Both可知道，我既喜欢咖啡也喜欢牛奶，接着话锋一变，但我更加喜欢咖啡加牛奶，故选C。
点评：本题考查词义辨析。
10、It is reported that many a new houseat present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
答案：D
解析：由时间状语at present可知，此处动词表示动作正在进行，主语与所填的词的被动关系；many a+名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D。
点评：本题考查动词的时态，语态及主谓一致。
11、It was with the help of the local guidethe mountain climber was rescued.
A.who B.that C.when D.how
答案：B
解析：句意：正是在当地导游的帮助下，登山者才获救了。强调句式是It was/is…..that/who……，本题强调原因状语with the help of the local guide，故选B。
点评：本题考查强调句式的运用。
12、should we accept the unfair agreement.
A.By all means B.By this means C.By on means D.By any means
答案：C
解析：By all means一定，务必；By this means通过这种方式；By on means决不；By any means无论如何，故选C
点评：本题考查短语辨析。
13、everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A.By means of B.On behalf C.In search of D.For fear of
答案：B
解析：By means of通过….方式；On behalf代表……；In search of寻找…….; For fear of
以免，害怕。根据句意：我代表这里的所有人，可知答案为B
点评：本题考查短语辨析。
14、The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during,the day,accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when C. if D. unless
答案：D
解析：句意:学校的规章制度规定，除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。Unless除非，该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构，故选D。
点评：本题考查从属连词。
15、Helping others is a habit,you can learn even at an early age.
A.it B.that C.what D.one
答案：D
解析：句意：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小就能学会的习惯。空格处与前面的habit构成同位语关系，…you can learn even at an early age省略了关系代词that的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用，故选D。
点评：本题考查代词的用法。
2、 翻译
16、翻译
（1）我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。
答案：We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
（2）在过去两年里，我一直在一家广告公司工作。
答案：I have been working in an advertisement company in the last two years.
（3）到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月的时间了。
答案：We have been working on this project for over a month now.
（4）要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！
答案：If only it could be just like last year！
（5）突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
答案：Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.
解析：（1）have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。（2）（3）现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：第一，现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性，有时表示临时性质。第二，现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复；现在完成时一般不表示重复。第三，现在完成进行时有时含有感彩；而现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙，但有时也带有感彩。（4）if only...意为“要是……就好了”。常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。（5）only to do...“不料……，反而……，结果却……”，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，且多为不愉快的结果，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。
3、 阅读理解
17、阅读理解
Usually,when your taeter asks a question,there is only one correct answer.But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is "What's your name " Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people's names Where do they come from What do they mean
People's first names,or given names,are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith;a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means "bright" ; Beatrice means "one who gives happiness" ;Donald means "world ruler" ;Leonard means " as brave as a lion".The earliest last names,or sumames,were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪) ;someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long,paved road. The Greenwood
family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early sumames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith,which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past,smiths were very important workers in every town andvillage. Some other occupational names are: Carter-a person who owned or drove a cart;Potter-a person who made
pots and pans.
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin,or their size,or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village,the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Light-foot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added-s or -son.The Johnsons are descendants of John;the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottishpeople added Mac or Mc or 0. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
（1） Which of the following aspects do the sumames in the passage NOT cover
A. Places where people lived.
B. People's characters.
C. Talents that people possessed.
D. People's occupations.
答案：B
（2）According to the passage,the ancestors of the Potter family n.ost probably ____.
A. owned or drove a cart
B. made things with metals
C. made kitchen tools or contains
D. built houses and fumiture
答案：C
（3）Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-bom
son 'o become a world leader,the baby might be named ______
A. Beatrice Smith
B. Leonard Carter
C. George Longstreet
D. Donald Greenwood
答案：D
（4）The underlined word "descendants" in the last paragraph means a person's _____
A. later generations
B. friends and relatives
C. colleagues and partners
D. later sponsors
答案：A
解析：（1）选B，根据文中4,5,6三段可知只有B选项未提及；（2）文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，由此推断选C；（3）根据文中倒数第2段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。比如灰色头发的人取名john Gray，高个的人取名john Tallman.所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为Donald Greenwood，故选D；（4）据最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代，故选A。
18、阅读理解
Is there something unforgivably confusing about the unlimited use of adjectives and adverbs
Many famous stylists think so.Crime writer Elmore Leonard，who died last week，commented in his 10 rules of writing that using an adverb was almost always a “mortal sin(大罪)”．William Zinsser，author of On Writing Well，considers most adverbs and adjectives as “clutter(混乱)”，and Mark Twain advised readers to “kill” any adjective they could catch.
Zinsser and Twain are quoted by Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn，assistant professor of public policy at Rutgers University Camden，in support of his view that the greater the number of adjectives and adverbs in academic writing，the harder it is to read.
He has published a paper in the journal Scientometrics analyzing adjectival and adverbial quantity in about 1,000 papers published between 2000 and 2010 from across the disciplines.
Perhaps unsurprisingly，the paper，“Cluttered writing：Adjectives and adverbs in academia”，finds that social science papers contain the highest number of them，followed by humanities and history.Natural science and mathematics contain the lowest frequency，followed by medicine and business and economics.The difference between the social and the natural science is about 15 percent.
“Is there a reason that a social scientist cannot write as clearly as a natural scientist？” the paper asks.
Dr. Okulicz-Kozaryn told Times Higher Education that the analysis had been inspired by his own reading of academic papers，which suggested that political science in particular was “full of meaningless words that only add ornament(修饰)and weaken the meaning.”
He said the use of adjectives and adverbs also inflated article lengths，making it even harder for academics to keep up with the literature—a serious problem when the content of new papers published doubles every 15 years.
He dismissed the suggestion that the complexity of issues addressed by social scientists demand more adjectives and adverbs.But he said he had no good explanation for overusing “fancy，meaningless language” in the discipline and aimed to investigate further.
However，he admitted that he had not analysed the frequency of adjectives and adverbs in his own writing.
“Maybe I am no better after all...But I’d bet I am better than average social scientists，” he said casually.
（1）Which papers contain the second lowest quantity of adjectives and adverbs
A．Natural science papers.
B．Social science papers.
C．Business and economics papers.
D．Humanities and history papers.
答案：C
（2）The underlined word “inflated” in Paragraph 8 can be best replaced by “ ”．
A．increased B．controlled
C．decided D．ignored
答案：A
（3）Which of the statements about adjectives and adverbs is TRUE
A．They can be properly used except in political science.
B．Some thought social science papers need more of them.
C．The complexity of social science leads to more of them.
D．Dr.Okulicz-Kozaryn rarely uses them in his own writing.
答案：B
（4）Which is the best title for this passage
A．To write better，cut the clutter
B．The number of adjectives and adverbs
C．Literature in social science papers
D．Functions of adjectives and adverbs
答案：A
解析：（1）细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Natural science and mathematics contain the lowest frequency，followed by medicine and business and economics.”可知，Okulicz-Kozaryn调查发现，自然科学和数学论文包含形容词和副词最少，医学和商贸经济论文次之。（2）词义猜测题。根据第八段可知，Okulicz-Kozaryn认为形容词和副词的使用使得文章更长，本段中的double也是提示。（3）推理判断题。第九段第一句说，Okulicz-Kozaryn否认这种说法：社会科学家所要解决的问题的复杂性决定了其论文需要更多的形容词和副词，由此可推知有人是这样认为的，所以B项正确，C项错误；第七段提到了政治科学论文充满了无意义词，并不等于就不能用这些词，所以A项错误；文章最后两段可证明D项错误。（4）标题归纳题。第一至三段提出了话题，即太多的形容词和副词使得文章很难读，所以本文旨在说明好文章尽量避免过多的形容词和副词，否则会给论文带来混乱。
四、写作题
19、写作题
最近，教育部对“高中是否该取消文理分科”公开向社会征求意见。 为此，某媒体做了一次民意调查，结果如图表所示。
支持分科 反对分科 无所谓 其他
43% 50% 6% 1%
支持原因 反对原因 你的观点
1减轻学业负担；2 现代社会需要专业人才 1人才需要有广泛的知识2 可以培养复合型人才 ………..
注意：① 根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。②词数：120个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。③复合型人才 multi-skilled people 专业人才 expert

Should Science and Arts Education Be Separated
The issue of separating science and arts education is getting heated up as debate spreads through the country, which attracts tens of thousands of votes……
答案：About 50% of the people interviewed think it unwise to get arts and science separated in high school. In their opinion, a real expert needs a wide range of knowledge. With the development of modern society, multi-skilled people are in great demand. However, over 40% of them insist that they should be separated so that students can concentrate on some subjects and become experts. Besides, they will not be overburdened as before.
As far as I’m concerned, it will be better if we don’t separate science and arts education. Because a strong ability in both science and arts is helpful for the long-term development of individuals and the society as a whole. All over the world. only in China are science and arts separated, which has had a bad effect on students’ development. It's high time we changed this situation.
解析：主观观点阐述表达，逻辑要清晰，总结到位，能完整的表达出自己的观点。


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