(共41张PPT)
专题四
解决连接词难题必会的4个重点
并列连词3年6考>定语从句3年2考=名词性从句3年2考>状语从句3年0考。
新高考
命题角度
超重点2 找准先行词，分析从句
结构，明确定语从句关系词
1.Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
who 句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德增添了国际化的色彩。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为Tang Xianzu，指人，从句中缺少主语, 故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
答案与解析
2.Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024·全国甲卷)
which 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
答案与解析
3.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
that 空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰指物的先行词species，空处在从句中作主语，先行词species由all修饰，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
4.I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
which/that 该句是限制性定语从句，先行词为a company，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which或 that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
5.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. (2023·全国甲卷)
as 句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词指代前面的整个主句，此处表“正如；正像”，故填as。
答案与解析
6.“There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷)
where 句意：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处……。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词a town，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
答案与解析
7.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023·全国乙卷)
that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。
答案与解析
8.On the 1，100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022·全国甲卷)
who 分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cao Shengkang，从句中缺少主语，先行词指人，应用关系代词who引导定语从句。
答案与解析
9.Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, for ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. (2022·天津高考)
whom 句意：旅游指南是给游客提供方便的，为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler，指人，介词for后缺少宾语，故用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
答案与解析
10.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them. (天津高考)
which 句意：William Hastie 曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句含定语从句，句中先行词为mistakes，指物，定语从句中介词from后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
答案与解析
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，其中关系词的确定是难点。
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
区分关系代词和关系副词
1.When they arrived at the creek, the special place ________ long ago they’d searched out the crawfish, they stood silently, lost in thought.
where 从句先行词是the special place, 指地点, 从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
答案与解析
2.Logan said his job as diversity director was “to create an environment ________ diversity is valued and encouraged”. It was 1 pm ________ a colleague at reception handed him a curious package the size of a shoebox.
where； when 第一空引导定语从句，先行词是an environment，指地点，从句中缺少状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是1 pm，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
答案与解析
3.And it’s especially important at this time of year, since the winter holidays occur around the time ________ illnesses like colds, flu, and other respiratory illnesses peak.
when 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是the time, 指时间, 从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
答案与解析
4.The team had come to explore a remote cave system, ________ entrance had been found by a local man named Ho Khanh in 1990, but that had otherwise been ignored.
whose 该句是定语从句, 先行词cave system与entrance是所属关系,故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
答案与解析
5.In the study, there were a few cases ________ cats would approach the speaker playing a voice and meow.
where 句意：在这项研究中，有一些情况，猫会靠近说话者并发出喵喵的声音。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是cases，从句中缺少抽象地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
答案与解析
6.So will we get a glimpse back at those moments ________ we stayed with loved ones and other happy memories
when 句意：所以我们可以重温那些和所爱之人在一起的时刻和其他美好的回忆吗 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词moments，先行词指时间，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故填when。
答案与解析
7.And findings like this — it’s a moment ________ scientists live for.
that/which 句意：像这样的发现——这是科学家们为之而活的时刻。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment,先行词指物，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
答案与解析
8.It was a photo of a little girl ________ I didn’t know, winning first prize in a school talent show.
who/whom/that 句意：这是一张我不认识的小女孩的照片，她在学校才艺表演中获得一等奖。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句,指代先行词a little girl，指人，且在从句中作know的宾语，故可用关系代词who, whom或that引导。
答案与解析
9.These pancakes actually serve as an emotional bridge that helps keep the memory of the parents ________ often make them.
who/that 句意：这些煎饼实际上是一座情感的桥梁，有助于保持对经常做煎饼的父母的记忆。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the parents在定语从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
答案与解析
10.The group has, however, identified one reason ________ this mutation (变异) has anticancer effects.
why 空处引导定语从句，先行词是one reason, 指原因, 关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
答案与解析
11.Studies revealed that knowing a person’s name, job or profession distorts (歪曲) the way ________ the person is judged.
that 定语从句先行词是the way，从句中缺少方式状语，故用that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
12.This weekend, you could, for instance, seek out some vegan ice cream ________ doesn’t taste terrible.
that/which 根据上下文，这里表示“尝起来不糟糕的素食冰激凌”,引导限制性定语从句，先行词some vegan ice cream，指物，在从句中作主语用that或which。故填that/which。
答案与解析
13.Hua Mulan, the story of ________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386~534).
whom 定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
答案与解析
14.The whole scroll describes the local conditions and customs in the southern regions of the Yangtze River, including the landscape of lakes and hills, city wall and its gates, ancient ferries and rowing boats, towns along the river, folk customs, and shops of all trades, all of ________ reflect the prosperity (繁华) of Suzhou in the mid-18th century.
which 句意：整幅画卷描绘了江南地区的风土人情，包括湖光山色、城墙城门、古代渡船划艇、沿江城镇、民风民俗、各行各业的商铺等，反映了18世纪中期苏州的繁荣景象。此处为介词+关系代词结构，非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，作介词的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
答案与解析
区分关系代词that、 which、 as
15.There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of ________ is unfortunately wasted every day.
which 句意：每个人都有足够的食物，不幸的是，每天有40%的食物被浪费。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词food指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
答案与解析
16.Apart from the difference in size, however, the other major biological difference that affects voices is that males generally have a larger vocal tract, ________ can further lower the tone.
which 句意：然而，除了大小的差异，影响声音的另一个主要生物学差异是男性通常有更大的声道，这可以进一步降低音调。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a larger vocal tract，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
答案与解析
17.But how do you go about finding something ________ hasn’t been seen in decades
that 空处引导定语从句，先行词是something，关系词在从句中作主语，故用that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
18.The last thing ________ I’d want to do on my weekend is go camping! That is the very boat ________ I take out on a lake and relax.
that； that 第一空引导定语从句，先行词由the last修饰，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that引导定语从句；第二空先行词boat由the very修饰，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
19.One neighbor, a much better gardener than me, offers the most practical advice ________ I desperately need.
that 空处引导定语从句，先行词由最高级the most practical修饰, 关系词在从句中作宾语, 应用关系代词that引导。
答案与解析
20.________ I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.
As 句意：正如我所指出的，我们的饮食中包含蔬菜很重要。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句位于主句之前，所填词意为“正如,就像”，故用As引导定语从句。
答案与解析
区分强调句和定语从句
21.It was January 2008 ________ Williams drove to a Sonic Burger in Joplin, Missouri, to meet Joos.
when 空处引导定语从句，先行词是January 2008，关系词在从句中作状语，故用when引导定语从句。
答案与解析
22.It was in 2001, more than 50 years after returning home, ________ my grandfather wrote a memoir (回忆录) for our family.
that 该句是强调句，强调时间状语in 2001，故填that。
答案与解析
B组 外刊原味 | The Guardian
“I don’t think it was a bad thing to have people ①________ were willing to challenge the consensus and get things done, and whatever you may say about the government it did get an awful lot of things done，” he said. “We needed to have an atmosphere ②________ people were able to say things ③____________ were controversial at the time.” Johnson accepted that Cummings ④_________________ he did not refer to by name—had proved problematic, but even here he argued this had positives.
who
where
that/which
whom/who/that
①who 先行词是people, 指人, 关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
②where 先行词是atmosphere, 指抽象地点, 关系词在从句中作状语，故用where引导定语从句。
③that/which 先行词是things, 指物, 关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
④whom/who/that 先行词是Cummings, 指人, 先行词在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词whom/who/that引导定语从句。
答案与解析超重点2 找准先行词,分析从句结构,明确定语从句关系词
高考先行
1.Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024·全国甲卷)
3.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
4.I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
5.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. (2023·全国甲卷)
6.“There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷)
7.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023·全国乙卷)
8.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022·全国甲卷)
9.Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, for ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. (2022·天津高考)
10.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them. (天津高考)
技法图解
考点简图
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,其中关系词的确定是难点。
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
区分关系代词和关系副词
1.When they arrived at the creek, the special place ________ long ago they’d searched out the crawfish, they stood silently, lost in thought.
2.Logan said his job as diversity director was “to create an environment ________ diversity is valued and encouraged”. It was 1 pm ________ a colleague at reception handed him a curious package the size of a shoebox.
3.And it’s especially important at this time of year, since the winter holidays occur around the time ________ illnesses like colds, flu, and other respiratory illnesses peak.
4.The team had come to explore a remote cave system, ________ entrance had been found by a local man named Ho Khanh in 1990, but that had otherwise been ignored.
5.In the study, there were a few cases ________ cats would approach the speaker playing a voice and meow.
6.So will we get a glimpse back at those moments ________ we stayed with loved ones and other happy memories
7.And findings like this — it’s a moment ________ scientists live for.
8.It was a photo of a little girl ________ I didn’t know, winning first prize in a school talent show.
9.These pancakes actually serve as an emotional bridge that helps keep the memory of the parents ________ often make them.
10.The group has, however, identified one reason ________ this mutation (变异) has anticancer effects.
11.Studies revealed that knowing a person’s name, job or profession distorts (歪曲) the way ________ the person is judged.
12.This weekend, you could, for instance, seek out some vegan ice cream ________ doesn’t taste terrible.
13.Hua Mulan, the story of ________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386~534).
14.The whole scroll describes the local conditions and customs in the southern regions of the Yangtze River, including the landscape of lakes and hills, city wall and its gates, ancient ferries and rowing boats, towns along the river, folk customs, and shops of all trades, all of ________ reflect the prosperity (繁华) of Suzhou in the mid-18th century.
区分关系代词that、 which、 as
15.There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of ________ is unfortunately wasted every day.
16.Apart from the difference in size, however, the other major biological difference that affects voices is that males generally have a larger vocal tract, ________ can further lower the tone.
17.But how do you go about finding something ________ hasn’t been seen in decades
18.The last thing ________ I’d want to do on my weekend is go camping! That is the very boat ________ I take out on a lake and relax.
19.One neighbor, a much better gardener than me, offers the most practical advice ________ I desperately need.
20.________ I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.
区分强调句和定语从句
21.It was January 2008 ________ Williams drove to a Sonic Burger in Joplin, Missouri, to meet Joos.
22.It was in 2001, more than 50 years after returning home, ________ my grandfather wrote a memoir (回忆录) for our family.
B组 外刊原味 | The Guardian
“I don’t think it was a bad thing to have people ①________ were willing to challenge the consensus and get things done, and whatever you may say about the government it did get an awful lot of things done,” he said. “We needed to have an atmosphere ②________ people were able to say things ③________ were controversial at the time.” Johnson accepted that Cummings ④________ he did not refer to by name—had proved problematic, but even here he argued this had positives.
超重点2
高考先行
1.who 句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德增添了国际化的色彩。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为Tang Xianzu,指人,从句中缺少主语, 故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
2.which 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导定语从句,故填which。
3.that 空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰指物的先行词species,空处在从句中作主语,先行词species由all修饰,只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
4.which/that 该句是限制性定语从句,先行词为a company,指物,定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which或 that引导定语从句。
5.as 句意:然而,正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样,这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺少宾语,且先行词指代前面的整个主句,此处表“正如;正像”,故填as。
6.where 句意:在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处……。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词a town,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
7.that/which 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为place,故填that/which。
8.who 分析句子结构可知,空处所在句为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Cao Shengkang,从句中缺少主语,先行词指人,应用关系代词who引导定语从句。
9.whom 句意:旅游指南是给游客提供方便的,为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词traveler,指人,介词for后缺少宾语,故用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
10.which 句意:William Hastie 曾提出,历史告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中吸取教训,不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知,该句含定语从句,句中先行词为mistakes,指物,定语从句中介词from后缺少宾语,故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
好题再练
A组
1.where 从句先行词是the special place, 指地点, 从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
2.where; when 第一空引导定语从句,先行词是an environment,指地点,从句中缺少状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句;第二空引导定语从句,先行词是1 pm,指时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
3.when 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是the time, 指时间, 从句中缺少时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
4.whose 该句是定语从句, 先行词cave system与entrance是所属关系,故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
5.where 句意:在这项研究中,有一些情况,猫会靠近说话者并发出喵喵的声音。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是cases,从句中缺少抽象地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
6.when 句意:所以我们可以重温那些和所爱之人在一起的时刻和其他美好的回忆吗 分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词moments,先行词指时间,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词when。故填when。
7.that/which 句意:像这样的发现——这是科学家们为之而活的时刻。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词moment,先行词指物,且关系词在定语从句中作宾语,故用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
8.who/whom/that 句意:这是一张我不认识的小女孩的照片,她在学校才艺表演中获得一等奖。分析句子结构,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词a little girl,指人,且在从句中作know的宾语,故可用关系代词who, whom或that引导。
9.who/that 句意:这些煎饼实际上是一座情感的桥梁,有助于保持对经常做煎饼的父母的记忆。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词the parents在定语从句中作主语,指人,用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
10.why 空处引导定语从句,先行词是one reason, 指原因, 关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
11.that 定语从句先行词是the way,从句中缺少方式状语,故用that引导定语从句。
12.that/which 根据上下文,这里表示“尝起来不糟糕的素食冰激凌”,引导限制性定语从句,先行词some vegan ice cream,指物,在从句中作主语用that或which。故填that/which。
13.whom 定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan,指人,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
14.which 句意:整幅画卷描绘了江南地区的风土人情,包括湖光山色、城墙城门、古代渡船划艇、沿江城镇、民风民俗、各行各业的商铺等,反映了18世纪中期苏州的繁荣景象。此处为介词+关系代词结构,非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子,作介词的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
15.which 句意:每个人都有足够的食物,不幸的是,每天有40%的食物被浪费。分析句子可知,此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词food指物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语,用关系代词which。故填which。
16.which 句意:然而,除了大小的差异,影响声音的另一个主要生物学差异是男性通常有更大的声道,这可以进一步降低音调。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a larger vocal tract,指物,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
17.that 空处引导定语从句,先行词是something,关系词在从句中作主语,故用that引导定语从句。
18.that; that 第一空引导定语从句,先行词由the last修饰,关系词在从句中作宾语,用关系代词that引导定语从句;第二空先行词boat由the very修饰,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that引导定语从句。
19.that 空处引导定语从句,先行词由最高级the most practical修饰, 关系词在从句中作宾语, 应用关系代词that引导。
20.As 句意:正如我所指出的,我们的饮食中包含蔬菜很重要。空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句位于主句之前,所填词意为“正如,就像”,故用As引导定语从句。
21.when 空处引导定语从句,先行词是January 2008,关系词在从句中作状语,故用when引导定语从句。
22.that 该句是强调句,强调时间状语in 2001,故填that。
B组
①who 先行词是people, 指人, 关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
②where 先行词是atmosphere, 指抽象地点, 关系词在从句中作状语,故用where引导定语从句。
③that/which 先行词是things, 指物, 关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
④whom/who/that 先行词是Cummings, 指人, 先行词在从句中作宾语,故用关系代词whom/who/that引导定语从句。
