(共103张PPT)
专题一
复杂多变的动词
超重点2 确定谓语形式
必考虑的3个关键
一般过去时3年4考>一般现在时3年1考=过去进行时3年1考。
新高考
命题角度
关键1 动词时态
1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
was built 句中时间状语是Two years later，故该句用一般过去时，主语为pavilion，与build为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语 态，填was built。
答案与解析
2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024·浙江高考1月)
have started 句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉，包装设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
答案与解析
3.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (2024·全国甲卷)
were 本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，句中时间状语为in mid-September 1870，从句谓语是had spent为过去完成时，故本空用一般过去时，故填were。
答案与解析
4.As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
wished 根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时，故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。
答案与解析
5.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed ________ (be) orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江高考1月改编)
featured； were 分析句子结构可知，第一空需填谓语动词，下一句主从句谓语都为一般过去时，故空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。feature “以……为特色 ；以……为主要组成”。第二空作谓语，且与从句谓语时态一致，故填were。
答案与解析
6.He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
threw 设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语，空处应用一般过去时，故填过去式threw。
答案与解析
7.Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
was fixing 此处是固定句式was/were doing sth. when ... 表“正在做某事，这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车，这时他突然听到尖叫 声。主语为第三人称单数，故填 was fixing。
答案与解析
8.In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2022·全国甲卷)
has walked 根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现 在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
答案与解析
9.To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony.(2022·全国乙卷)
addressed 空处作谓语，且与上一句中的谓语took place时态一 致，应用一般过去时，故填addressed。address在本句中为动词，意为“致辞；演讲”。
答案与解析
10.The use of those plastics ________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. (2022·北京高考)
has increased 根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主 语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
答案与解析
11.What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
was 分析句子可知，“how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主 语，不定式为真正的主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据从句中的then可知，此处陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
答案与解析
12.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
are 分析句子结构可知，空处在once引导的从句中作谓语，主 句谓语是一般将来时，故once引导的从句用一般现在时，主语是you，故填are。
答案与解析
长难句分析： humans are].
13.The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It _______ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (全国甲卷)
was built 分析句子可知，空处为谓语，主语it指代上一句中的The Xi’an City Wall，与动词build之间是被动关系，应用被动语 态；又由时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知，该句用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用单数，故填was built。build (建 造)—built—built。
答案与解析
4类热考时态
其他5类时态
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
据特定时间状语判定
1.In the 2000s, Evelyn ________ (turn) her attention to the crisis of climate change and to communicating with a skeptical public.
turned 句中时间状语是In the 2000s，故该句用一般过去时，填turned。
答案与解析
2.At present, I don’t know of any AI program with drive, but it ________ (be) certainly conceivable (可想象的).
is 句中时间状语是At present，故用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
答案与解析
3.Currently, the American Federation for Aging Research ________ (prepare) a series of six-year clinical trials.
is preparing 句中时间状语是Currently，故该句用现在进行时，主语the American Federation for Aging Research是单数，be动词用is。故填is preparing。
答案与解析
4.The 16th to 18th centuries ________ (witness) the peak time of Suzhou classical gardens, following the rise of the city as an economic center, playing host to around 250 gardens.
witnessed 句意：16到18世纪见证了苏州古典园林的鼎盛时期，随着城市作为经济中心的崛起，这里大约有250个园林。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，主语为The 16th to 18th centuries，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填witnessed。
答案与解析
5.Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U.S. Olympic marathon trials, actually ________ (throw) away her GPS watch midrace to avoid distraction.
threw 此处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语Earlier this month可 知，本句为一般过去时。故填threw。
答案与解析
6.Since its foundation in 2005, the nonprofit ________ (supply) more than 18，000 children and adults with everything from adaptive strollers to hospital beds, all donated.
has supplied 句中时间状语是Since its foundation in 2005，故该句用现在完成时，填has supplied。
答案与解析
7.A few nights before Halloween 1995, Janette and Greig Fennell ________ (pull) into their garage in Northern California.
had pulled 由句中时间状语A few nights before Halloween 1995可 知，此处用过去完成时，填had pulled。
答案与解析
8.Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically changes the water flow of the Min River and channels it into irrigation. For more than 2，000 years, the dam ________ (continue) to make the most of the water protection works.
has continued 句意：两千多年以来，都江堰一直发挥着最大的防洪作用。根据时间状语For more than 2，000 years可知为现在完成时，主语为dam，助动词用has。故填has continued。
答案与解析
9.Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
will be delivering/will deliver 句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment (立即，即将，一会儿)的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开 始，用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时)，故填will be delivering/will deliver。
答案与解析
10.Seeing how the work helped him, in 2018 he ________ (found) Hives for Heroes, a Houston-based nonprofit that ________ (teach) more than 1，200 troubled veterans (老兵) to tend their own hives.
founded； has taught 据第一空前的时间状语in 2018可知，谓语用一般过去时，故填founded；第二空指从该组织成立后到现在已经教了1 200多名老兵, 应用现在完成时, that引导的从句修饰名词nonprofit，故谓语用单数，填has taught。
答案与解析
据固定句型判定
11.A colleague and I ________ (discuss) where to go camping when a man nearby interrupted.
were discussing 此处是was/were doing sth. when ... “正在做……这时……”句式，故填were discussing。
答案与解析
12.It ________ (be) two decades since my wife and I bought the tree.
has been/is 根据固定句式It has been/is +时间段+since ...的句式可知，空处用一般现在时或现在完成时。故填has been/is。
答案与解析
13.By the time Brad left for college, he ________ (grow) emotionally distant from his father and, ultimately, they had no relationship.
had grown By the time引导时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，故填had grown。
答案与解析
14.It is the first time in her life she ________ (camp) and slept outdoors.
has camped 该句是It is the first time that句式，从句谓语用现在完成时，填has camped。
答案与解析
据语境、基本用法、并列句和时态呼应判定
15.They ________ (talk) about families and parents, about loss, pain and regret. They told each other they ________ (waste) too many years being estranged.
talked； had wasted 第一空与第二句谓语时态一致，应用一般过去时，填talked；第二空作从句谓语, waste先于told之前发生，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had wasted。
答案与解析
16.Whether you ________ (plan) to visit the Great Wall for the first time or the 50th, the following destinations are sure to make your trip to China even more worthwhile.
are planning 根据语境可知，此处表将要发生的动作，用现在进行时表将来，填are planning。
答案与解析
17.International Chinese Language Day ________ (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed “Together for the Future”, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully.
falls 句意：4月20日是国际汉语日，今年，国内外三个不同的组织成功举办了一系列以“携手共创未来”为主题的庆祝活动。分析句子可知，fall on(适逢)作谓语动词，与主语International Chinese Language Day之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，又因主语是专有名词，表节日，谓语动词应用单数，故填falls。
答案与解析
18.The origin of yunjin can be traced to the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when General Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdom and ________ (bring) the kingdom’s craftsmen from Chang’an to the then capital Nanjing.
brought 句意：云锦的起源可以追溯到东晋末年(317-420)，当时刘裕将军击败了后秦，并将工匠从长安带到当时的首都南京。分析句子，空处作谓语，根据前文的并列谓语defeated及句意可知，句子表述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，填brought。
答案与解析
19.In the times when the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders ________ (fan) out across China.
fanned 空处在句中作谓语，且与从句谓语时态一致, 应用一般过去时, fan out“展开，散开，成扇形散开”。故填fanned。
答案与解析
20.People tied ropes around their waists and ________ (hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools.
hung 空处与tied是并列谓语，应用一般过去时，故填hung。
答案与解析
21.This year’s show will not come to an end to July 31. The sets of lanterns ________ (update) to keep up with other traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Dragon Boat Festival.
will be updated 空处作谓语，且与前一句时态一致，应用一般将来时，主语The sets of lanterns与update是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be updated。
答案与解析
22.The once magnificent architecture, just like a lady who ________ (remove) her make-up and dresses with fog, presents the world with her unique charm.
removes 空处作定语从句的谓语，主句是一般现在时，从句用一般现在时，先行词a lady，是单数，故填removes。
答案与解析
23.She met her husband there, Qian Zhongshu, another acclaimed writer in China. Other than translations, Yang ________ (author) many plays, novels, and essays during her writing career.
authored 空处作谓语，且与前一句时态一致，应用一般过去时，author在本句中为动词，意为“写作；编写”，故填authored。
答案与解析
B组 外刊原味 | CNN
Looking back, I’ve come to realize it was my frequent visits to different parts of the Great Wall in Beijing that ①________ (be) a driving force behind my desire to explore the rest of the country and, along with it, the many sections of the wall that lie outside the capital’s boundaries. Work on the Great Wall ②________ (begin) more than 2，500 years ago, its origins dating back to China’s Spring and Autumn Period of around 770 BCE to 476 BCE. Various sections were added in subsequent eras as
were
began
competing dynasties and factions ③________ (seek) to exert (施加) their control. Work eventually ④__________ (stop) in the 17th century.Though not a single, unbroken structure, the wall spans over 21，000 kilometers, winding through 15 provinces, 97 prefectures and 404 counties. And while certain sections have been incredibly popular among tourists, many parts ⑤______________ (slip) into obscurity, disrepair and sometimes oblivion (遗忘).
sought
stopped
have slipped
①were 强调句中it后是一般过去时，故that后用一般过去时, 该句强调my frequent visits，故此处谓语用复数，填were。
②began 根据句中时间状语more than 2，500 years ago可知, 该句用一般过去时，故填began。begin(开始)—began—begun—beginning。
③sought 主句是一般过去时，故从句用一般过去时，填sought。
答案与解析
④stopped 该句时间状语是in the 17th century，故谓语用一般过去时，填stopped。
⑤have slipped while引导的从句是现在完成时，故主句用现在完成时，填have slipped。slip into ... “陷入，进入……处境”。
答案与解析
关键2 动词语态
1.However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. (2024·浙江高考1月)
be offered 句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages；在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
答案与解析
2.What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. (2024·全国甲卷)
be done 句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢 他们说出了内心的疑惑。主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关 系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
答案与解析
3.On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. (2024·北京高考)
was named 句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词用was。故填was named。
答案与解析
4.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江高考1月)
were permitted 空处在句中作谓语，主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系，又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were permitted。
答案与解析
5.The GPNP ________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 )
is designed 句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。
答案与解析
6.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
was amazed 句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。 主语I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据and后的was able to可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was amazed。
答案与解析
7.The parts of a museum open to the public ________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
are called 根据下一句的时态并结合此处描述的是客观情况可知，该句应用一般现在时；主语The parts 与call是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语The parts 是复数概念。故填are called。
答案与解析
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.There are plenty of islands in the world, but Surtsey is one of the youngest, with the lightest of human footprints； only a few researchers ________ (allow) to visit it each year.
are allowed 句中时间状语是each year，故该句用一般现在时, 主语researchers与allow是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填are allowed。
答案与解析
2.It is amazing that the difference this has made： now it ________ (surround) by plants, trees and wildlife, with all the benefits attached to that transformation.
is surrounded 空前是now，故该句用一般现在时，主语与surround是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is surrounded。
答案与解析
3.Less than 18 months after the launch, two species on its most wanted list ________ (find), the black-naped pheasant pigeon has been rediscovered after 140 years and birdwatchers are waiting eagerly for further news from ongoing searches.
have been found 根据语境和下文的has been rediscovered可知，此处用现在完成时, 主语two species与find是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，填have been found。
答案与解析
4.But restrictions ________ (remain) in place in nearby countries such as Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam throughout this period, and he eventually gave up and flew to India in March 2022.
remained 空处作谓语，且指过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，remain “剩余；继续存在”是不及物动词，无被动语态，故填remained。
答案与解析
5.Our society ________ (base) on the principle that people work for money, which they use to buy things and pay taxes. What ________ (leave) of society if most people can’t get money by working
is based； will be left 从句是一般现在时，故第一空是一般现在 时, 主语society与base是被动关系，应用被动语态，填is based；第二空从句是一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时, 主语what与leave是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，填will be left。
答案与解析
6.Rapamycin(雷帕霉素), meanwhile, increases the lifespan and health span in animals and ________ (test) as an anti-ageing drug in dogs currently.
is being tested 句中时间状语是currently，故此处表正在进行, 用现在进行时, 主语Rapamycin与test是被动关系, 应用现在进行时的被动语态，填is being tested。
答案与解析
7.So, very early on, contact between different British dialects ________ (occur) in the settlements, and this led to the appearance of new, mixed dialects not precisely like any of those which ________ (speak) in their homeland.
occurred； were spoken 第一空occur是不及物动词, 无被动语态, 句中时间状语是very early on，故用一般过去时，填occurred；第二空在从句中作谓语, 先行词是those, 与speak是被动关系, 应用被动语态，且谓语的数与those一致，故谓语用复数形式, 从句谓语与主句谓语led to 时态一致, 应用一般过去时的被动语态，填were spoken。
答案与解析
8.“Visiting a garden is like unrolling a traditional Chinese landscape painting，” she further explains. “So, like paintings, ancient Chinese philosophy and morals ________ (hide) in the details of the gardens.”
are hidden 空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，hide“隐藏”和主语ancient Chinese philosophy and morals之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are hidden。
答案与解析
9.A total of 14 street cats ________ (gather) at France’s space agency for selection as cat astronauts, but the cats were not given names on purpose in order to prevent scientists from becoming too fond of them.
were gathered 主语cats与动词gather是被动关系, 表示这些猫是被集中起来的，应用被动语态, 空处与but后的谓语were时态一致，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were gathered。
答案与解析
B组 外刊原味 | Beijing Review
China and Iran, known as Parthia and Persia in ancient times, are ancient civilizations with a time-honored history. At the end of the second century B.C., during the reign of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.—A.D. 25), and the Parthian Dynasty (247 B.C.—A.D. 224) of Iran, Zhang Qian ①___________ (send) as an envoy to the Western Regions, including to Parthia. The two countries established contact, and the Silk Road ②___________ (open). The earliest mention of
was sent
was opened
Iran in Chinese historical records is in Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian, the foundational text of Chinese history which ③________ (date) back to the first century B.C. Iran ④____________ (call) Parthia in that text, and “Parthia” here refers to the Parthian Dynasty.
dates
is called
①was sent 根据时间状语At the end of the second century B.C.，可知该句用一般过去时，主语Zhang Qian与send是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was sent。
②was opened 空处应与and前的谓语时态一致，应用一般过去 时，且主语the Silk Road与open是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was opened。
答案与解析
③dates 空处在从句中作谓语，date back to “追溯”，应用一般现在时，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词text，故谓语用第三人称单数，填dates。
④is called 空处与and后的谓语时态一致，应用一般现在时， 主语Iran与call是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，填is called。
答案与解析
关键3 主谓一致三原则
1.When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. (2024·北京高考)
gives 句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作 谓语，且与已有的谓语helps时态一致，应用一般现在时，且which指代前边的整个句子，故从句谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填gives。
答案与解析
2.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷)
means 分析句子结构可知, 空处作谓语, 由前后时态可知，此处用一般现在时，主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。
答案与解析
3.Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ________ (cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. (2023·天津高考)
has caused 句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息 地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。分析句子结构可知, 空处为谓语, 根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时。该句主语是Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has caused。
答案与解析
4.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
were 空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，根据previously (之前地)可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。先行词a significant number of areas为复数，关系代词that指代先行词，在从句中作主 语, be动词用复数形式，故填were。
答案与解析
5.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
was 根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可 知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时； “one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，故填was。
答案与解析
6.Because the number of possible topics ________ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
is the number of “……的数目”，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知，从句用一般现在时。故填is。
答案与解析
7. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance. (全国卷Ⅱ)
carries is后是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
答案与解析
8.Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (2022·天津高考)
prepares 句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词(短语)决定，together with前的名词为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时，故填prepares。
答案与解析
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.Since 2011, 40% of America’s bee colonies ________ (lose) to pesticides, pests and climate change.
have been lost 句中时间状语是Since 2011，故用现在完成时，主语是“百分数+of+复数名词colonies”，故谓语用复数，colonies与lose是被动关系，故填have been lost。
答案与解析
2.“Having a plant ________ (do) not immediately or directly impact mental health processes，” says Keith.
does 空处作谓语，主语是动名词短语, 谓语用单数, 根据该句已有的谓语says可知，此处用一般现在时，填does。
答案与解析
3.To cook a Chinese scallion pancake (cong you bing) __________ (be) easy. Start by scattering the scallions into the dough (面团). Next, you need to add the oil.
is 句意：做葱油饼很容易。空处为谓语动词，此处表客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语为To cook a Chinese scallion pancake，视作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
答案与解析
4.Visitors to Beijing now have a new way to enjoy the charm of the capital by taking a boat trip on the Grand Canal, a major waterway which ________ (link) Beijing and Hangzhou. It is 1，794 km long and ________ (have) a history of more than 2，500 years.
links； has 分析句子结构可知, which引导的定语从句修饰先行词a major waterway，设空在which引导的定语从句中作谓语，动词的数与先行词的数一致，主句是一般现在时，故从句用一般现在时，第一空填links；第二空在句中作谓语，且与句中已有的动词is时态一致，主语是it，谓语用单数形式，故填has。
答案与解析
5.The Peony Pavilion, written by playwright Tang Xianzu, who ________ (compare) to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.
is compared 句意：被比作莎士比亚的剧作家汤显祖所著的《牡丹亭》至今仍受到世界各地粉丝的喜爱。该句陈述客观事实，关系代词 who 指代 Tang Xianzu，表单数意义，和动词 compare 之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填 is compared。
答案与解析
6.What the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ________ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain.
was considered 句意：当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据句中got可知，空处应用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，what the team accidentally got作主语，空处应作谓语，且与句子主语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，从句在句中作主语，be动词应用单数。故填was considered。
答案与解析
7.The flowing water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ________ (be) artificial hills.
are 分析句子结构可知，“by the other side of the pool in front of the hall (be) artificial hills” 是全部倒装句, 空处作谓语，且与该并列句中已有的谓语 goes 时态一致，应用一般现在时，主语为 artificial hills，故谓语动词用are。
答案与解析
8.Much of the world’s electronic waste will not be recycled, reused or even disposed of in a safe and controlled manner. Only around 17.5 percent ________ (record) as recycled in 2019.
was recorded 空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语in 2019可知，该动作发生在过去，根据语境可知17.5 percent之后省略了 of the world’s electronic waste，谓语应使用单数，且主语和record之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was recorded。
答案与解析
9.So far, a total of 90 films and TV series from 7，024 submissions by artists of 104 countries and regions like the US, India and Iran ________ (select) for the next stage.
have been selected 句意：到目前为止，来自美国、印度和伊朗等104个国家和地区的艺术家提交的7 024部作品中，共有90部电影和电视剧入选下一阶段。根据时间状语So far可知，该句用现在完成时，主语a total of 90 films and TV series和谓语动词select之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，因主语是a total of 90 films and TV series，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been selected。
答案与解析
10.There ________ (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of the other.
are 空处与下一句谓语时态一致，应用一般现在时，there be句式谓语的数与空后的名词的数一致，空后名词是a great number of variations，故谓语用复数，填are。
答案与解析
11.And up until maybe 5 or 10 years ago, the number of English-language recipes for Chinese dishes you could find in a cookbook or on the Internet ________ (be) still extremely limited.
was 句意：直到大约5年或10年前，你可以在食谱或网上找到的英文版中国菜食谱的数量仍很有限。分析句子结构可知，主句为主系表结构，主语为“the number of +复数名词”形式，谓语用单 数，该动作发生在过去，故填was。
答案与解析
B组 外刊原味 | New Scientist
Nearly half of all bird species are in decline and one in eight of them ①_______________ (endanger) with extinction. So, choosing which should take priority ②________ (be) not easy. The Search for Lost Birds, a collaboration between Re： wild, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) and BirdLife International, ③________ (focus) on “lost” species： ones with no captive population that haven’t been verifiably documented for over a decade, but that aren’t yet classified as extinct. There ④________ (be) around 140 of these.
are endangered
is
focuses
are
①are endangered 主语与endanger是被动关系, 应用被动语态，且one in eight of them指八分之一的鸟类物种，故谓语用复数, and前的谓语是一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，填are endangered。
②is 该句主语是动名词短语，故谓语用单数, 根据前一句时态可知，此处用一般现在时，填is。
答案与解析
③focuses 分析句子结构可知, 该句主语是The Search for Lost Birds, 谓语用单数形式, 前文是一般现在时, 此处用一般现在时，填focuses。
④are there be句式中谓语的数与be动词后around 140 of these的数一致，故填are。
答案与解析超重点2 确定谓语形式必考虑的3个关键
新高考命题角度 | 一般过去时3年4考>一般现在时3年1考=过去进行时3年1考。
关键1 动词时态
高考先行
1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024·浙江高考1月)
3.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (2024·全国甲卷)
4.As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
5.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed ________ (be) orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江高考1月改编)
6.He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
7.Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
8.In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2022·全国甲卷)
9.To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony.(2022·全国乙卷)
10.The use of those plastics ________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. (2022·北京高考)
11.What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
12.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
13.The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (全国甲卷)
技法图解
考点简图
4类热考时态
其他5类时态
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
据特定时间状语判定
1.In the 2000s, Evelyn ________ (turn) her attention to the crisis of climate change and to communicating with a skeptical public.
2.At present, I don’t know of any AI program with drive, but it ________ (be) certainly conceivable (可想象的).
3.Currently, the American Federation for Aging Research ________ (prepare) a series of six-year clinical trials.
4.The 16th to 18th centuries ________ (witness) the peak time of Suzhou classical gardens, following the rise of the city as an economic center, playing host to around 250 gardens.
5.Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U.S. Olympic marathon trials, actually ________ (throw) away her GPS watch midrace to avoid distraction.
6.Since its foundation in 2005, the nonprofit ________ (supply) more than 18,000 children and adults with everything from adaptive strollers to hospital beds, all donated.
7.A few nights before Halloween 1995, Janette and Greig Fennell ________ (pull) into their garage in Northern California.
8.Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically changes the water flow of the Min River and channels it into irrigation. For more than 2,000 years, the dam ________ (continue) to make the most of the water protection works.
9.Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
10.Seeing how the work helped him, in 2018 he ________ (found) Hives for Heroes, a Houston-based nonprofit that ________ (teach) more than 1,200 troubled veterans (老兵) to tend their own hives.
据固定句型判定
11.A colleague and I ________ (discuss) where to go camping when a man nearby interrupted.
12.It ________ (be) two decades since my wife and I bought the tree.
13.By the time Brad left for college, he ________ (grow) emotionally distant from his father and, ultimately, they had no relationship.
14.It is the first time in her life she ________ (camp) and slept outdoors.
据语境、基本用法、并列句和时态呼应判定
15.They ________ (talk) about families and parents, about loss, pain and regret. They told each other they ________ (waste) too many years being estranged.
16.Whether you ________ (plan) to visit the Great Wall for the first time or the 50th, the following destinations are sure to make your trip to China even more worthwhile.
17.International Chinese Language Day ________ (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed “Together for the Future”, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully.
18.The origin of yunjin can be traced to the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when General Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdom and ________ (bring) the kingdom’s craftsmen from Chang’an to the then capital Nanjing.
19.In the times when the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders ________ (fan) out across China.
20.People tied ropes around their waists and ________ (hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools.
21.This year’s show will not come to an end to July 31. The sets of lanterns ________ (update) to keep up with other traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Dragon Boat Festival.
22.The once magnificent architecture, just like a lady who ________ (remove) her make-up and dresses with fog, presents the world with her unique charm.
23.She met her husband there, Qian Zhongshu, another acclaimed writer in China. Other than translations, Yang ________ (author) many plays, novels, and essays during her writing career.
B组 外刊原味 | CNN
Looking back, I’ve come to realize it was my frequent visits to different parts of the Great Wall in Beijing that ①________ (be) a driving force behind my desire to explore the rest of the country and, along with it, the many sections of the wall that lie outside the capital’s boundaries. Work on the Great Wall ②________ (begin) more than 2,500 years ago, its origins dating back to China’s Spring and Autumn Period of around 770 BCE to 476 BCE. Various sections were added in subsequent eras as competing dynasties and factions ③________ (seek) to exert (施加) their control. Work eventually ④________ (stop) in the 17th century.Though not a single, unbroken structure, the wall spans over 21,000 kilometers, winding through 15 provinces, 97 prefectures and 404 counties. And while certain sections have been incredibly popular among tourists, many parts ⑤________ (slip) into obscurity, disrepair and sometimes oblivion (遗忘).
关键2 动词语态
高考先行
1.However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. (2024·浙江高考1月)
2.What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. (2024·全国甲卷)
3.On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. (2024·北京高考)
4.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江高考1月)
5.The GPNP ________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 )
6.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
7.The parts of a museum open to the public ________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
技法图解
考点简图
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.There are plenty of islands in the world, but Surtsey is one of the youngest, with the lightest of human footprints; only a few researchers ________ (allow) to visit it each year.
2.It is amazing that the difference this has made: now it ________ (surround) by plants, trees and wildlife, with all the benefits attached to that transformation.
3.Less than 18 months after the launch, two species on its most wanted list ________ (find), the black-naped pheasant pigeon has been rediscovered after 140 years and birdwatchers are waiting eagerly for further news from ongoing searches.
4.But restrictions ________ (remain) in place in nearby countries such as Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam throughout this period, and he eventually gave up and flew to India in March 2022.
5.Our society ________ (base) on the principle that people work for money, which they use to buy things and pay taxes. What ________ (leave) of society if most people can’t get money by working
6.Rapamycin(雷帕霉素), meanwhile, increases the lifespan and health span in animals and ________ (test) as an anti-ageing drug in dogs currently.
7.So, very early on, contact between different British dialects ________ (occur) in the settlements, and this led to the appearance of new, mixed dialects not precisely like any of those which ________ (speak) in their homeland.
8.“Visiting a garden is like unrolling a traditional Chinese landscape painting,” she further explains. “So, like paintings, ancient Chinese philosophy and morals ________ (hide) in the details of the gardens.”
9.A total of 14 street cats ________ (gather) at France’s space agency for selection as cat astronauts, but the cats were not given names on purpose in order to prevent scientists from becoming too fond of them.
B组 外刊原味 | Beijing Review
China and Iran, known as Parthia and Persia in ancient times, are ancient civilizations with a time-honored history. At the end of the second century B.C., during the reign of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.—A.D. 25), and the Parthian Dynasty (247 B.C.—A.D. 224) of Iran, Zhang Qian ①________ (send) as an envoy to the Western Regions, including to Parthia. The two countries established contact, and the Silk Road ②________ (open). The earliest mention of Iran in Chinese historical records is in Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian, the foundational text of Chinese history which ③________ (date) back to the first century B.C. Iran ④________ (call) Parthia in that text, and “Parthia” here refers to the Parthian Dynasty.
关键3 主谓一致三原则
高考先行
1.When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. (2024·北京高考)
2.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷)
3.Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ________ (cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. (2023·天津高考)
4.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
6.Because the number of possible topics ________ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
7. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance. (全国卷Ⅱ)
8.Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (2022·天津高考)
技法图解
考点简图
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.Since 2011, 40% of America’s bee colonies ________ (lose) to pesticides, pests and climate change.
2.“Having a plant ________ (do) not immediately or directly impact mental health processes,” says Keith.
3.To cook a Chinese scallion pancake (cong you bing) __________ (be) easy. Start by scattering the scallions into the dough (面团). Next, you need to add the oil.
4.Visitors to Beijing now have a new way to enjoy the charm of the capital by taking a boat trip on the Grand Canal, a major waterway which ________ (link) Beijing and Hangzhou. It is 1,794 km long and ________ (have) a history of more than 2,500 years.
5.The Peony Pavilion, written by playwright Tang Xianzu, who ________ (compare) to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.
6.What the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ________ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain.
7.The flowing water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ________ (be) artificial hills.
8.Much of the world’s electronic waste will not be recycled, reused or even disposed of in a safe and controlled manner. Only around 17.5 percent ________ (record) as recycled in 2019.
9.So far, a total of 90 films and TV series from 7,024 submissions by artists of 104 countries and regions like the US, India and Iran ________ (select) for the next stage.
10.There ________ (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of the other.
11.And up until maybe 5 or 10 years ago, the number of English-language recipes for Chinese dishes you could find in a cookbook or on the Internet ________ (be) still extremely limited.
B组 外刊原味 | New Scientist
Nearly half of all bird species are in decline and one in eight of them ①________ (endanger) with extinction. So, choosing which should take priority ②________ (be) not easy. The Search for Lost Birds, a collaboration between Re: wild, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) and BirdLife International, ③________ (focus) on “lost” species: ones with no captive population that haven’t been verifiably documented for over a decade, but that aren’t yet classified as extinct. There ④________ (be) around 140 of these.
超重点2
关键1
高考先行
1.was built 句中时间状语是Two years later,故该句用一般过去时,主语为pavilion,与build为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,填was built。
2.have started 句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉,包装设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
3.were 本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,句中时间状语为in mid-September 1870,从句谓语是had spent为过去完成时,故本空用一般过去时,故填were。
4.wished 根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望,故时态应用一般过去时,故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。
5.featured; were 分析句子结构可知,第一空需填谓语动词,下一句主从句谓语都为一般过去时,故空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。feature “以……为特色 ;以……为主要组成”。第二空作谓语,且与从句谓语时态一致,故填were。
6.threw 设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语,空处应用一般过去时,故填过去式threw。
7.was fixing 此处是固定句式was/were doing sth. when ... 表“正在做某事,这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车,这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数,故填 was fixing。
8.has walked 根据时间状语In the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
9.addressed 空处作谓语,且与上一句中的谓语took place时态一致,应用一般过去时,故填addressed。address在本句中为动词,意为“致辞;演讲”。
10.has increased 根据句中since 2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。
11.was 分析句子可知,“how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正的主语,谓语动词用单数形式。根据从句中的then可知,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
12.are 分析句子结构可知,空处在once引导的从句中作谓语,主句谓语是一般将来时,故once引导的从句用一般现在时,主语是you,故填are。
长难句分析: humans are].
13.was built 分析句子可知,空处为谓语,主语it指代上一句中的The Xi’an City Wall,与动词build之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又由时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知,该句用一般过去时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语应用单数,故填was built。build (建造)—built—built。
好题再练
A组
1.turned 句中时间状语是In the 2000s,故该句用一般过去时,填turned。
2.is 句中时间状语是At present,故用一般现在时,主语it为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。
3.is preparing 句中时间状语是Currently,故该句用现在进行时,主语the American Federation for Aging Research是单数,be动词用is。故填is preparing。
4.witnessed 句意:16到18世纪见证了苏州古典园林的鼎盛时期,随着城市作为经济中心的崛起,这里大约有250个园林。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,主语为The 16th to 18th centuries,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填witnessed。
5.threw 此处为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语Earlier this month可知,本句为一般过去时。故填threw。
6.has supplied 句中时间状语是Since its foundation in 2005,故该句用现在完成时,填has supplied。
7.had pulled 由句中时间状语A few nights before Halloween 1995可知,此处用过去完成时,填had pulled。
8.has continued 句意:两千多年以来,都江堰一直发挥着最大的防洪作用。根据时间状语For more than 2,000 years可知为现在完成时,主语为dam,助动词用has。故填has continued。
9.will be delivering/will deliver 句意:大家晚上好,金教授马上要发表演讲,但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment (立即,即将,一会儿)的提示,可知教授的演讲还未开始,用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时),故填will be delivering/will deliver。
10.founded; has taught 据第一空前的时间状语in 2018可知,谓语用一般过去时,故填founded;第二空指从该组织成立后到现在已经教了1 200多名老兵, 应用现在完成时, that引导的从句修饰名词nonprofit,故谓语用单数,填has taught。
11.were discussing 此处是was/were doing sth. when ... “正在做……这时……”句式,故填were discussing。
12.has been/is 根据固定句式It has been/is +时间段+since ...的句式可知,空处用一般现在时或现在完成时。故填has been/is。
13.had grown By the time引导时间状语从句,从句是一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,故填had grown。
14.has camped 该句是It is the first time that句式,从句谓语用现在完成时,填has camped。
15.talked; had wasted 第一空与第二句谓语时态一致,应用一般过去时,填talked;第二空作从句谓语, waste先于told之前发生,表过去的过去,应用过去完成时,故填had wasted。
16.are planning 根据语境可知,此处表将要发生的动作,用现在进行时表将来,填are planning。
17.falls 句意:4月20日是国际汉语日,今年,国内外三个不同的组织成功举办了一系列以“携手共创未来”为主题的庆祝活动。分析句子可知,fall on(适逢)作谓语动词,与主语International Chinese Language Day之间是主动关系,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,又因主语是专有名词,表节日,谓语动词应用单数,故填falls。
18.brought 句意:云锦的起源可以追溯到东晋末年(317-420),当时刘裕将军击败了后秦,并将工匠从长安带到当时的首都南京。分析句子,空处作谓语,根据前文的并列谓语defeated及句意可知,句子表述过去的事实,故用一般过去时,填brought。
19.fanned 空处在句中作谓语,且与从句谓语时态一致, 应用一般过去时, fan out“展开,散开,成扇形散开”。故填fanned。
20.hung 空处与tied是并列谓语,应用一般过去时,故填hung。
21.will be updated 空处作谓语,且与前一句时态一致,应用一般将来时,主语The sets of lanterns与update是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be updated。
22.removes 空处作定语从句的谓语,主句是一般现在时,从句用一般现在时,先行词a lady,是单数,故填removes。
23.authored 空处作谓语,且与前一句时态一致,应用一般过去时,author在本句中为动词,意为“写作;编写”,故填authored。
B组
①were 强调句中it后是一般过去时,故that后用一般过去时, 该句强调my frequent visits,故此处谓语用复数,填were。
②began 根据句中时间状语more than 2,500 years ago可知, 该句用一般过去时,故填began。begin(开始)—began—begun—beginning。
③sought 主句是一般过去时,故从句用一般过去时,填sought。
④stopped 该句时间状语是in the 17th century,故谓语用一般过去时,填stopped。
⑤have slipped while引导的从句是现在完成时,故主句用现在完成时,填have slipped。slip into ... “陷入,进入……处境”。
关键2
高考先行
1.be offered 句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages;在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
2.be done 句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢 他们说出了内心的疑惑。主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
3.was named 句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词用was。故填was named。
4.were permitted 空处在句中作谓语,主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系,又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were permitted。
5.is designed 句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数,谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。
6.was amazed 句意:在过去的10年里,我来过几次,我惊叹于新与旧的共存,以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。 主语I和amaze之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据and后的was able to可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was amazed。
7.are called 根据下一句的时态并结合此处描述的是客观情况可知,该句应用一般现在时;主语The parts 与call是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语The parts 是复数概念。故填are called。
好题再练
A组
1.are allowed 句中时间状语是each year,故该句用一般现在时, 主语researchers与allow是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,填are allowed。
2.is surrounded 空前是now,故该句用一般现在时,主语与surround是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,填is surrounded。
3.have been found 根据语境和下文的has been rediscovered可知,此处用现在完成时, 主语two species与find是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,填have been found。
4.remained 空处作谓语,且指过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,remain “剩余;继续存在”是不及物动词,无被动语态,故填remained。
5.is based; will be left 从句是一般现在时,故第一空是一般现在时, 主语society与base是被动关系,应用被动语态,填is based;第二空从句是一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时, 主语what与leave是被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态,填will be left。
6.is being tested 句中时间状语是currently,故此处表正在进行, 用现在进行时, 主语Rapamycin与test是被动关系, 应用现在进行时的被动语态,填is being tested。
7.occurred; were spoken 第一空occur是不及物动词, 无被动语态, 句中时间状语是very early on,故用一般过去时,填occurred;第二空在从句中作谓语, 先行词是those, 与speak是被动关系, 应用被动语态,且谓语的数与those一致,故谓语用复数形式, 从句谓语与主句谓语led to 时态一致, 应用一般过去时的被动语态,填were spoken。
8.are hidden 空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述一般性的事实,应用一般现在时,hide“隐藏”和主语ancient Chinese philosophy and morals之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是复数,be动词应用are。故填are hidden。
9.were gathered 主语cats与动词gather是被动关系, 表示这些猫是被集中起来的,应用被动语态, 空处与but后的谓语were时态一致,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were gathered。
B组
①was sent 根据时间状语At the end of the second century B.C.,可知该句用一般过去时,主语Zhang Qian与send是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,填was sent。
②was opened 空处应与and前的谓语时态一致,应用一般过去时,且主语the Silk Road与open是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,填was opened。
③dates 空处在从句中作谓语,date back to “追溯”,应用一般现在时,which引导的定语从句修饰先行词text,故谓语用第三人称单数,填dates。
④is called 空处与and后的谓语时态一致,应用一般现在时,主语Iran与call是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,填is called。
关键3
高考先行
1.gives 句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语,且与已有的谓语helps时态一致,应用一般现在时,且which指代前边的整个句子,故从句谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。
2.means 分析句子结构可知, 空处作谓语, 由前后时态可知,此处用一般现在时,主语为“The remarkable development of this city”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。
3.has caused 句意:人类对动物王国的影响,如狩猎和破坏栖息地,在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。分析句子结构可知, 空处为谓语, 根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时。该句主语是Human impact,谓语用第三人称单数,故填has caused。
4.were 空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,根据previously (之前地)可知,从句的时态应为一般过去时。先行词a significant number of areas为复数,关系代词that指代先行词,在从句中作主语, be动词用复数形式,故填were。
5.was 根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可知,此处描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时; “one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中,谓语动词用单数,故填was。
6.is the number of “……的数目”,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知,从句用一般现在时。故填is。
7.carries is后是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
8.prepares 句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词(短语)决定,together with前的名词为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在时,故填prepares。
好题再练
A组
1.have been lost 句中时间状语是Since 2011,故用现在完成时,主语是“百分数+of+复数名词colonies”,故谓语用复数,colonies与lose是被动关系,故填have been lost。
2.does 空处作谓语,主语是动名词短语, 谓语用单数, 根据该句已有的谓语says可知,此处用一般现在时,填does。
3.is 句意:做葱油饼很容易。空处为谓语动词,此处表客观事实,时态应用一般现在时;主语为To cook a Chinese scallion pancake,视作单数,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
4.links; has 分析句子结构可知, which引导的定语从句修饰先行词a major waterway,设空在which引导的定语从句中作谓语,动词的数与先行词的数一致,主句是一般现在时,故从句用一般现在时,第一空填links;第二空在句中作谓语,且与句中已有的动词is时态一致,主语是it,谓语用单数形式,故填has。
5.is compared 句意:被比作莎士比亚的剧作家汤显祖所著的《牡丹亭》至今仍受到世界各地粉丝的喜爱。该句陈述客观事实,关系代词 who 指代 Tang Xianzu,表单数意义,和动词 compare 之间为被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,故填 is compared。
6.was considered 句意:当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据句中got可知,空处应用一般过去时,分析句子结构可知,what the team accidentally got作主语,空处应作谓语,且与句子主语构成被动关系,应用被动语态,从句在句中作主语,be动词应用单数。故填was considered。
7.are 分析句子结构可知,“by the other side of the pool in front of the (be) artificial hills” 是全部倒装句, 空处作谓语,且与该并列句中已有的谓语 goes 时态一致,应用一般现在时,主语为 artificial hills,故谓语动词用are。
8.was recorded 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in 2019可知,该动作发生在过去,根据语境可知17.5 percent之后省略了 of the world’s electronic waste,谓语应使用单数,且主语和record之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was recorded。
9.have been selected 句意:到目前为止,来自美国、印度和伊朗等104个国家和地区的艺术家提交的7 024部作品中,共有90部电影和电视剧入选下一阶段。根据时间状语So far可知,该句用现在完成时,主语a total of 90 films and TV series和谓语动词select之间是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态,因主语是a total of 90 films and TV series,谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been selected。
10.are 空处与下一句谓语时态一致,应用一般现在时,there be句式谓语的数与空后的名词的数一致,空后名词是a great number of variations,故谓语用复数,填are。
11.was 句意:直到大约5年或10年前,你可以在食谱或网上找到的英文版中国菜食谱的数量仍很有限。分析句子结构可知,主句为主系表结构,主语为“the number of +复数名词”形式,谓语用单数,该动作发生在过去,故填was。
B组
①are endangered 主语与endanger是被动关系, 应用被动语态,且one in eight of them指八分之一的鸟类物种,故谓语用复数, and前的谓语是一般现在时,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态,填are endangered。
②is 该句主语是动名词短语,故谓语用单数, 根据前一句时态可知,此处用一般现在时,填is。
③focuses 分析句子结构可知, 该句主语是The Search for Lost Birds, 谓语用单数形式, 前文是一般现在时, 此处用一般现在时,填focuses。
④are there be句式中谓语的数与be动词后around 140 of these的数一致,故填are。
