超重点4 判定非谓语动词形式必掌握的6大核心点
新高考命题角度 | 不定式3年6考>动词-ing形式3年5考>动词-ed形式3年2考。
核心点1 非谓语动词作状语
高考先行
1.The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
4. ________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
6.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think) it is food. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
7.________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
8.For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. (2023·全国甲卷)
9.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷)
10.________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (2022·全国乙卷)
技法图解
考点简图
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.The man was struggling, and unwilling ________ (engage) with staff or be part of any activities.
2.________ (task) with checking for signs of life, a diver was lowered by a cable onto the hull of the boat. He banged on the hull, ________ (shout) that help had arrived. But his words blew away in the wind.
3.________ (feature) mild and emotional melodies, poetic lines and graceful gestures, it can best represent the traditional Chinese arts.
4.According to UNESCO, in China conventional tea processing techniques are closely connected with geographical location and natural environment, ________ (bring) about a distribution range between 18°~37° N and 94°~122° E.
5.________ (voyage) more than 51,856 kilometers in tough conditions, Zhai, a distinguished Chinese explorer, returned to Shanghai on his aluminum sailboat on Nov. 17, along with two crew members, ________ (become) the first man to successfully circle, both ways, the Arctic Ocean without stop.
6.She would inch Russell up one step, only ________ (see) the water rise with them.
7.Anhui Province has released a three-year action plan, ________ (aim) to build itself into an innovation “highland” of the general artificial intelligence (AI) technology industry.
8.________ (spend) three weeks at the foot of volcanoes, we made our last dives in the Bay of Naples, about a mile off shore from Italy’s third largest city, where Rinaldi wanted ________ (explore) a hole in the bottom of the sea.
9.From its start five years ago, the University of Ulster’s Confucius Institute has grown ________ (comprise) 51 teachers and 19,000 registered students.
10.And registered donors who die outside a hospital typically can’t donate their organs since the tissue can’t be monitored or transported fast enough ________ (keep) it viable.
11.Virginie started by calling his brother, who told her that Laurent was too stubborn ________ (give) up.
12.They were fully entitled to ask him tough questions, ________ (give) that he was a rule maker.
13.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.
14.________ (paint) in hand scroll (手卷) format with cavalier perspective painting methods, the entire piece vividly illustrates the urban life of Suzhou during the High Qing era, with lively trades, countless businessmen and various goods.
15.They imprint the stamps, usually with single or multicolored pictures of the scenic spots or images of famous people on postcards or in travel journals, thus ________ (create) a unique memory of their travels.
16.During the early hours of the Lantern Festival, about 60 to 70 villagers gather to burn the midnight oil at the local ancestral hall ________ (finish) the making of the giant boat, which is about 6 to 8 meters long and 3 to 4 meters in height, in one go.
17.①Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its appealing smell when ________ (heat).
②When ________ (write), many calligraphers will forget all worries and even themselves, combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.
③While ________ (prepare) meals, the Chinese may strive to balance the color, shape, and types of food they choose to eat.
④A set of her handcrafted double knit Li brocade was added to UNESCO’s collection when ________ (exhibit) in Paris.
⑤Chinese medicine might be slowly in curing the patient of the disease, but it has less serious side effects even if ________ (take) frequently, for each medicinal herb is prescribed (开处方) for the benefit of the patient, causing no harm to the liver or the kidneys.
◆微技巧 (1)分析句子结构,准确判断空处是否为“从属连词+非谓语动词”结构。
(2)确定填非谓语动词后,再根据动词与句子主语在逻辑上的主动或被动关系确定用 doing 还是done。注意:该类结构也可以看作是省略了主语和 be 动词的状语从句,可以把省略部分补全来确定答案。如①从句补充完整应为 when it was heated。
B组 外刊原味 | Global Times
①________ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month of the traditional Chinese calendar, the Chongyang Festival, carries profound meaning for Chinese people. In Chinese culture, the number nine, pronounced “jiu”, is a homophone for another word meaning “longevity and good health”, ②________ (make) this festival a heartfelt tribute to the elderly. This year, the festival falls on October 29, Wednesday.
Traditionally, families will come together on this occasion ③________ (honor) their elders and express love and respect. They participate in activities such as gathering to admire the beauty of chrysanthemums, tasting traditional Chongyang cakes and ④________ (take) refreshing sips of chrysanthemum wine.
核心点2 非谓语动词作定语和补语
高考先行
1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
4.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone. (2023·全国甲卷)
6.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. (2023·全国乙卷)
7.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. (2022·全国甲卷)
8.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. (2022·全国甲卷)
9.Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________ (do). (2022·浙江高考)
10.Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. (全国卷Ⅱ)
技法图解
考点简图
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.The course is the latest ________ (join) the AP program, which spans subjects from art history to physics and offers tests that enable students ________ (qualify) for college credits.
2.These latter interests led her ________ (pursue) a biology degree at Carnegie Mellon University, an experience that she says informed her ability ________ (create) an “order of operations” in her design work.
3.In this way, you’re going to have a challenge that will give you confidence ________ (deal) with many other things in this world.
4.The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book ________ (write) by Tang Dynasty (618—907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, where he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.
5.According to the Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe, this cooperative project is a dream coming true after three years. We aim to bring to life the opera relics ________ (house) in the Palace Museum.
6.A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them ________ (leave) in the world.
7.Most wild meat ________ (pour) into Ouésso—and beyond to Brazzaville and Kinshasa, where it ________ (sell) for more than twice the price, is supplied by small hunting camps, and rural forest villages.
8.One of the eggs was fake, with a tracking device ________ (plant) inside of it just a few hours earlier.
9.The water is green, cloudy, and cold—and the muddy seabed is found ________ (litter) with trash. There is nothing to see, but there is a sense of curiosity ________ (satisfy).
10.They even had ________ (operate) rooms where surgeons performed emergency procedures while in transit—despite the bumping and swaying!
11.There’s so much more than music-making needed to get your name ________ (hear).
12.Approaching the castle, Sir Fendrel saw a lady ________ (wave) to him from the eastern wall.
13.At 29, Chen finished the translation, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Communist Party of China in 1921 and inspired many people ________ (take) part in revolution.
14.Earlier this century, the institute set up the Nanjing Yunjin Museum, which is the only professional museum in China ________ (intend) for the display of the brocade (织锦), including its history, weaving technique, culture, and contemporary artworks.
15.The couple’s love for running started as a way __________ (improve) their fitness, but it quickly became a passion.
16.Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process ________ (involve) tying knots, tightening them and adding the finishing touches.
17.Looking inward along the arch, you can see the blue sky, white clouds, a lotus, reflections of the houses in Hongcun, and the local people don’t permit its beauty ________ (destroy).
B组 外刊原味 | Serious Eats
A week of exploration flies by, and suddenly it’s the Miao New Year. Although we’d planned to celebrate in Leishan itself, during the week we find ourselves ①________ (invite) by the chief of Paiweng Village, whose handsome house stands just outside of town. The celebrations begin at dark, with firecrackers ②________ (explode) red, green, and gold umbrellas of sparks on the wood-shingle roofs.
In the large central room of the house, we meet his mother and extended family. They seem delighted to have four extra guests, and the room soon fills until there are 30 of us ③________ (seat) on low trestles (条凳). There are no tables, just three evenly spaced braziers (火盆) ④________ (glow) with coals.
核心点3 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语
高考先行
1.To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. (2023·全国乙卷)
3.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. (全国乙卷)
4.Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place. (全国乙卷)
5.After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (全国甲卷)
6.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice. (2022·浙江高考)
7.These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
8.It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (全国甲卷)
9.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there. (全国卷Ⅲ)
10.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ________ (challenge). (全国卷Ⅲ)
技法图解
考点简图
好题再练
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.As for ________ (clean) windows, it’s impossible ________ (achieve) a good result.
2.It was scary ________ (lose) what Holmes described as “dream jobs”, but they soon found that they enjoyed ________ (have) more time to travel, see loved ones and watch lots of TV.
3.I have found that ________ (organize) the Tupperware drawer is a good start, as it tends ________ (involve) a lot of crouching, standing and then crouching again.
4.Once below, Laurent attempts ________ (close) the door, but water keeps ________ (rush) in, making the task impossible.
5.Regardless of whether or not you are a grandparent, if you get a message like this and it appears ________ (be) from a loved one, before ________ (send) any money be sure to call the relative directly to ask if they really are in some kind of trouble.
6.Even if it’s a name and photo of someone you know, confirm it’s them by ________ (reach) out to them in another way.
7.Shao is considering ________ (open) an exhibition hall so that more people can learn about this craft and, ideally, pass it down to future generations.
8.Moreover, you are also expected to avoid ________ (influence) by those more stressed than you.
9.And in some cases, such as in a busy coffee shop, you may have to blur the background, as people near you may not want ________ (see) in your meeting.
10.If there is one thing Beyoncé knows what ________ (do), it is make the most of every opportunity.
11.How ________ (narrow) the distance between traditional art and Generation Z audiences is something that play writers and directors should work together to accomplish.
12.By including the hanfu parade into its Chinese New Year celebrations, the China Cultural Centre in Malta showed its commitment to promoting cultural exchange and ________ (strengthen) the bonds of friendship between Malta and China.
13.And right now, she had no choice but ________ (have) faith.
14.One of the most annoying things about hybrid meetings is that people often don’t feel ________ (include).
15.From top leaders to ordinary citizens, ________ (plant) trees has been a widespread practice for the Chinese.
16.Mao said that instead of ________ (wake) up by an alarm clock in the morning, it is the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire ________ (achieve) that get them out of bed.
B组 外刊原味 | The Wall Street Journal
Even a quick walk is a deposit toward your well-being. Besides ①________ (bring) generosity and flexibility to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help ②________ (sustain) your motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way to burn calories or lose weight, it can help focus on more satisfying reasons to do it, like ③________ (clear) your mind or feeling less stressed.
④________ (approach) the process of exercise as something appealing makes a difference. The key is ⑤________ (focus) on the pleasure that exercise can bring, then pick an activity actually rewarding.
超重点4
核心点1
高考先行
1.to give 句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放,为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to give。
2.Recalling 句意:埃德蒙森回忆说,他曾在上海观看过中文版的莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》,并遇到几年前来到斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员。空处为非谓语, Edmondson和recall之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Recalling。
3.to find 此处为“be amazed to do”结构,表示“对做……感到惊讶”。不定式作原因状语,故填to find。
4.Covering; to increase 第一空,分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词will be,空处在句中作非谓语, the GPNP和cover为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,注意首字母应大写,填Covering。第二空,根据语境“为了提高管理的有效性并减少不一致性”可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式,填to increase。
长难句分析: to a significant number of areas unprotected), protected areas pandas) (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management].
5.to see 前面一系列动作的目的是“看见”,故此处为不定式作状语,填to see。
6.thinking many sea animals与think之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语,故填thinking。
7.Having visited 此处为非谓语动词作状语,I与visit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知,visit所表示的动作已经发生多次,且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,故空处用现在分词的完成式,置于句首,首字母应大写,故填Having visited。
8.to teach 由语境“人们通过讲寓言故事传授知识或传递智慧”可知,此处表目的,又根据句中的or可知,空处与后面的to pass ... 并列,故此处用不定式作目的状语,故填to teach。
9.borrowing 句意:她的寓言借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词,这样开头:“从前,在美国的中心有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共存”。句中已有谓语动词begins,故空处用非谓语动词。her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词作状语,故填borrowing。
10.To strengthen; inviting 第一空表“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,应用不定式作目的状语,故填To strengthen;第二空为非谓语动词,the event与invite为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填inviting。
好题再练
A组
1.to engage 该处是be unwilling to do sth. “不乐意做某事”,填to engage。
2.Tasked; shouting 第一空是非谓语动词作状语, task与a diver是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语,填Tasked; 第二空是伴随状语, He与shout是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语,填shouting。
3.Featuring 句意:它(昆曲)以柔和而感性的旋律、诗意的台词和优美的姿态为特色,最能代表中国传统艺术。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语it与feature之间为主谓关系,用现在分词形式,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Featuring。
4.bringing 句意:据联合国教科文组织称,在中国,传统茶叶加工技术与地理位置和自然环境密切相关,导致其分布范围在18°N~37°N和94°E~122°E之间。此处表示一种自然产生的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语。故填bringing。
5.Voyaging/Having voyaged; becoming 第一空在句中作状语, Zhai与voyage是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 置于句首,首字母大写,填Voyaging,也可强调非谓语动词所表示的动作先于returned之前发生,用现在分词的完成式作状语,填Having voyaged;第二空表自然而然的结果, 用现在分词,填becoming。voyage此处为熟词生义,意为“航行;远航”。
6.to see 此处表出乎意料的结果, 应填不定式to see。
7.aiming 句意:安徽省发布了三年行动计划,旨在将自己打造成通用人工智能(AI)技术产业的创新“高地”。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作句子的伴随状语,Anhui Province和aim为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用aim的现在分词形式。故填aiming。
8.Having spent; to explore 此处为非谓语动词作状语, we与spend之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,根据时间状语three weeks可知,spend所表示的动作发生在谓语动词made所表示的动作之前,故空处用现在分词的完成式,置于句首,首字母大写,故填Having spent; 第二空是want to do sth. “想要做某事”,填to explore。
9.to comprise 句意:阿尔斯特大学孔子学院自五年前成立以来,已发展到拥有51名教师和1.9万名注册学生。根据has grown可推知,此处描述该孔子学院五年来发展的结果,应用comprise的不定式形式作状语,故填to comprise。
10.to keep 此处是“副词+ enough to do”句式,故填to keep。
11.to give 此处是too ... to do 结构,故填to give。
12.given given that ... “鉴于……”。
13.to perform 句意:跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从20世纪80年代中期以来才开始采用,并且在如此大的区域内持续采用是昂贵的。该处是“主语+be+adj.+to do”句式,其中不定式作结果状语,与methods是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填to perform。
14.Painted 分析句子结构可知paint与主语the entire piece为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作状语,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Painted。
15.creating 句意:他们通常在邮票上印上风景名胜的单色或多色照片,或者在明信片或旅行日记上印上名人的照片,从而创造出一种独特的旅行记忆。此处表自然而然的结果,create和前面的句子为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填creating。
16.to finish 根据语境可知,“ (finish) the making of the giant boat”是“gather to burn the midnight oil at the local ancestral hall”的目的,用不定式作目的状语。故填to finish。
17.①heated 分析本组句子可知,从属连词 when,while, even if后均无主语,故空处应填非谓语动词,构成“从属连词+非谓语动词”结构作状语。heat和句子主语it之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,填heated。
②writing 句子主语 many calligraphers与write之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词writing。
③preparing 句子主语the Chinese与prepare之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词preparing。
④exhibited 主语A set of her handcrafted double knit Li brocade与exhibit是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填exhibited。
⑤taken but后的分句的主语it(指代Chinese medicine)和take是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填 taken。
B组
①Celebrated 空处作状语,celebrate与the Chongyang Festival是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,且空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填Celebrated。
②making 此处表自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语,填making。
③to honor 此处表家人聚在一起的目的是敬老,故用不定式,填to honor。
④taking 空处与tasting并列作状语,they与take是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,填taking。
核心点2
高考先行
1.inspired 句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。本句已有谓语, 故空处为非谓语, 动词inspire与被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式作后置定语,故填inspired。
2.recognized 此处表示“公认的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词home,且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词recognized。
3.falling 空处作定语,表“正在跌落的孩子”,应用现在分词,故填 falling。
4.aching 分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词, legs与ache是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语,意为“疼痛的双腿”,故填aching。
长难句分析: thing on your way up the mountain], still and your legs].
5.intended 空处所在句为倒装句,该句主语是message, be intended for “打算为……所用”,在句中作定语,应用过去分词形式,故填intended。
6.built 句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它是3 000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。本句已有谓语,空处用非谓语动词,build和被修饰词system of ring roads为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,表“精心建造的……”,故填built。
长难句分析: narrow hutong to royal palaces, to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, carefully (build) system of ring roads].
7.to journey journey为动词,表“旅行”, step前有序数词first,故用不定式作后置定语,填to journey。
8.held 分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,故空处应用非谓语动词形式,hold与the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,表被动,故填held。
9.to do 此处是tell sb. not to do “告诉某人不做……”,故填to do。
10.decorated 句中them指代前句中的orange trees,且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填decorated。
好题再练
A组
1.to join; to qualify 第一空前是最高级,故空处用不定式作后置定语,填to join; 第二空是enable sb. to do sth. “使某人能够做某事”,故填不定式作宾补。
2.to pursue; to create 第一空是lead sb. to do sth. “使得某人做某事”,故空处填不定式作宾补; 第二空修饰名词ability作后置定语, 应用不定式。 the ability to do “做……的能力”。
3.to deal 句意:这样,你就会有一个挑战,它会给你信心来处理这个世界上的许多其他事情。这里为非谓语动词作名词confidence的后置定语,用不定式,故填to deal。
4.written 句意:宣纸一词最早出现在唐代(618—907)学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中,他在书中将宣纸描述为理想的书画载体。分析句子结构,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。write和a book之间是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词。故填written。
5.housed 句意:我们的目标是让故宫博物院的戏曲文物焕发生机。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,house意为“收藏”,与所修饰词“the opera relics”之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,故填housed。
6.left 分析句子可知,“ (leave) in the world”作后置定语,修饰词组six hundred of them,提示词用非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语six hundred of them之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填left。
7.pouring; is sold 第一空为非谓语, meat 与pour是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词,填pouring; 第二空在从句中作谓语, it与sell是被动关系, 应用被动语态,主句是一般现在时,故从句用一般现在时的被动语态,填is sold。 pour此处为熟词生义,意为“大量涌至”。
8.planted 此处是with复合结构, plant与device是逻辑上的动宾关系, 结合语境中的“几小时以前”,可知此处表已发生的动作,故用过去分词作宾补,填planted。plant 是熟词生义,意为“放置;安置”。a tracking device “跟踪器”。
9.littered; to be satisfied 分析句子结构可知,第一空是“find+宾语+宾补”的非常规考法, 此处是被动形式,构成“be found +主语补足语”, litter与seabed是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作主语补足语。be littered with “乱扔……; 遍布……”;第二空作后置定语, satisfy与curiosity是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表未发生的动作,故用不定式的被动式作后置定语,填to be satisfied。
10.operating 空处作定语修饰名词rooms, 表用途,应用动名词作定语,填operating。
11.heard 空处在“get+宾语+宾补”结构中作宾补, hear与your name是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式作宾补,填heard。
12.waving 空处作宾补,结合语境可知此处表正发生的动作,应用现在分词作宾补,填waving。
13.to take 句意:29岁时,陈先生完成了翻译,这为1921年中国共产党的成立奠定了基础,并激励了许多人参加革命。根据固定短语inspire sb. to do sth. “激励某人做某事”可知,空处应用take的不定式形式to take。故填to take。
14.intended 分析句子,非限制性定语从句中is为系动词,设空处使用非谓语动词。句中museum与intend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填intended。
15.to improve 空处作定语,修饰名词way,应用不定式,填to improve。
16.involving 分析句子结构可知involve与主语process为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作定语,填involving。
17.to be destroyed 分析句子结构可知,此处应用permit ... to do结构,且beauty与destroy之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动语态,故填to be destroyed。
B组
①invited 空处在“find+宾语+宾补”结构中作宾补,invite与ourselves是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补,填invited。
②exploding 空处在with结构中作宾补,firecrackers与explode是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补,填exploding。
③seated 空处在句中作定语,be seated“就座”,应用过去分词形式,填seated。
④glowing 空处作定语,修饰braziers, braziers与glow是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作定语,填glowing。
核心点3
高考先行
1.to bite 句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆开。 此处是“whether+不定式”结构作decide的宾语,且空处与下文的to put是并列关系,故填to bite。
2.recording 根据spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的用法可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填recording。
3.to have 句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行都有,并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据aim to do “旨在,目的是”的用法可知,该处填to have作宾语。
4.visiting 空前是介词of,应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语,故填visiting。
5.spending 设空处作介词After的宾语,且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填spending。
6.to continue 动词plan后面跟动词不定式作宾语, plan to do sth. “计划做某事”,故填to continue。
7.to begin 句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。此处是“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句式,it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故填to begin。
8.to walk 分析句子可知,此处为句型“It +be+adj.+to do sth.”, it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式形式作真正的主语,故填to walk。
9.to get It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 为固定句式,意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”,该句式中it为形式主语,后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式,故填to get。
10.challenged 设空在句中作表语,表“受到挑战的”,故用过去分词作表语。
错解分析 易误填challenging,但是challenging “富有挑战性的”,表某物或某事具有的性质和特征,不符合语境。
好题再练
A组
1.cleaning; to achieve 第一空前是介词短语As for,故该空填动名词cleaning; 第二空是固定句式It’s+adj.+ to do, it是形式主语, 真正的主语是不定式,故填to achieve。
2.to lose; having 第一空是固定句式It’s+adj.+ to do, it是形式主语, 真正的主语是不定式,故填to lose; 第二空是enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”,填动名词having。
3.organizing; to involve 第一空作主语, 应用动名词,填organizing;第二空是tend to do sth. “易于做某事”,故填to involve。
4.to close; rushing 第一空是attempt to do sth. “试图做某事”,故填to close; 第二空是keep doing sth. “继续做某事”,故填rushing。
5.to be; sending 第一空是appear to do sth. “好像做某事”; 第二空前是介词before,故空处填动名词作宾语,填sending。
6.reaching 空前是介词by,故空处填动名词作宾语,填reaching。by doing sth. “通过做某事”。
7.opening consider “考虑”,后接动名词作宾语。open意为“开设”,故填动名词opening,作considering的宾语。
8.being influenced avoid doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”,结合by可知,influence与you为逻辑上的动宾关系,用动名词的被动式作宾语。故填being influenced。
9.to be seen 根据want to do sth. “想要做某事”的用法可知,此处用不定式作宾语, see 与people是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用不定式的被动式to be done作宾语,填to be seen。
10.to do 空前是动词knows和特殊疑问词what,故填不定式to do。
11.to narrow 句意:如何拉近传统艺术与Z世代观众之间的距离,是编剧和导演应该共同努力的事情。此处是“疑问词+to do sth.”结构。故填to narrow。
12.strengthening 空处作介词to的宾语,应用动名词,填strengthening。
13.to have have no choice but to do “除了做……别无选择”。
14.included 空处作表语, include与people是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词,填included。 feel included “感觉被包容”。
15.planting 空处作主语, 应用动名词形式。故填planting。
16.being woken; to achieve 第一空作介词宾语,且they与wake up是逻辑上的被动关系, 故用动名词的被动式,填being woken;第二空根据desire to do “渴望做”可知填不定式作宾语。
B组
人们不愿意投身日常运动,除了惰性之外,还有什么原因 怎样的心态能让我们坚持运动
①bringing 空前是介词besides,故空处用动名词作宾语,填bringing。
②to sustain/sustain 根据help do/to do可知,此处填to sustain/sustain作宾语。
③clearing 空处作介词like的宾语,应用动名词,填clearing。
④Approaching 空处作主语,应用动名词,且空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填Approaching。
⑤to focus 空处作表语,解释说明主语The key,应用不定式作表语,填to focus。
积
①sustain one’s motivation保持动力 ②clear one’s mind使思路清晰(共117张PPT)
专题一
复杂多变的动词
超重点4 判定非谓语动词形式
必掌握的6大核心点
不定式3年6考>动词-ing形式3年5考>动词-ed形式3年2考。
新高考
命题角度
核心点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
to give 句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。
答案与解析
2.________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Recalling 句意：埃德蒙森回忆说，他曾在上海观看过中文版的莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》，并遇到几年前来到斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员。空处为非谓语, Edmondson和recall之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Recalling。
答案与解析
3.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
to find 此处为“be amazed to do”结构，表示“对做……感到惊讶”。不定式作原因状语，故填to find。
答案与解析
4. ________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Covering； to increase 第一空，分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词will be，空处在句中作非谓语, the GPNP和cover为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，注意首字母应大写，填Covering。第二空，根据语境“为了提高管理的有效性并减少不一致性”可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式，填to increase。
答案与解析
长难句分析： to a significant number of areas unprotected), protected areas pandas) (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management].
5.He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
to see 前面一系列动作的目的是“看见”，故此处为不定式作状 语，填to see。
答案与解析
6.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think) it is food. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
thinking many sea animals与think之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填thinking。
答案与解析
7.________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
Having visited 此处为非谓语动词作状语，I与visit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，故空处用现在分词的完成式，置于句首，首字母应大写，故填Having visited。
答案与解析
8.For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. (2023·全国甲卷)
to teach 由语境“人们通过讲寓言故事传授知识或传递智慧”可 知，此处表目的，又根据句中的or可知，空处与后面的to pass ... 并列，故此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to teach。
答案与解析
9.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷)
borrowing 句意：她的寓言借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词，这样开头：“从前，在美国的中心有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共存”。句中已有谓语动词begins，故空处用非谓语动词。her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语，故填borrowing。
答案与解析
10.________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (2022·全国乙卷)
To strengthen； inviting 第一空表“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，应用不定式作目的状语，故填To strengthen；第二空为非谓语动词，the event与invite为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填inviting。
答案与解析
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.The man was struggling, and unwilling ________ (engage) with staff or be part of any activities.
to engage 该处是be unwilling to do sth. “不乐意做某事”，填to engage。
答案与解析
2.________ (task) with checking for signs of life, a diver was lowered by a cable onto the hull of the boat. He banged on the hull, ________ (shout) that help had arrived. But his words blew away in the wind.
Tasked； shouting 第一空是非谓语动词作状语, task与a diver是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，填Tasked； 第二空是伴随状语, He与shout是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语，填shouting。
答案与解析
3.________ (feature) mild and emotional melodies, poetic lines and graceful gestures, it can best represent the traditional Chinese arts.
Featuring 句意：它(昆曲)以柔和而感性的旋律、诗意的台词和优美的姿态为特色，最能代表中国传统艺术。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语it与feature之间为主谓关系，用现在分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Featuring。
答案与解析
4.According to UNESCO, in China conventional tea processing techniques are closely connected with geographical location and natural environment, ________ (bring) about a distribution range between 18°~37° N and 94°~122° E.
bringing 句意：据联合国教科文组织称，在中国，传统茶叶加工技术与地理位置和自然环境密切相关，导致其分布范围在18°N~ 37°N和94°E~122°E之间。此处表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填bringing。
答案与解析
5.________ (voyage) more than 51，856 kilometers in tough conditions, Zhai, a distinguished Chinese explorer, returned to Shanghai on his aluminum sailboat on Nov. 17, along with two crew members, ________ (become) the first man to successfully circle, both ways, the Arctic Ocean without stop.
Voyaging/Having voyaged； becoming 第一空在句中作状语, Zhai与voyage是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 置于句首，首字母大写，填Voyaging，也可强调非谓语动词所表示的动作先于returned之前发生，用现在分词的完成式作状语，填Having voyaged；第二空表自然而然的结果, 用现在分词，填becoming。voyage此处为熟词生义，意为“航行；远航”。
答案与解析
6.She would inch Russell up one step, only ________ (see) the water rise with them.
to see 此处表出乎意料的结果, 应填不定式to see。
答案与解析
7.Anhui Province has released a three-year action plan, ________ (aim) to build itself into an innovation “highland” of the general artificial intelligence (AI) technology industry.
aiming 句意：安徽省发布了三年行动计划，旨在将自己打造成通用人工智能(AI)技术产业的创新“高地”。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的伴随状语，Anhui Province和aim为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用aim的现在分词形式。故填aiming。
答案与解析
8.________ (spend) three weeks at the foot of volcanoes, we made our last dives in the Bay of Naples, about a mile off shore from Italy’s third largest city, where Rinaldi wanted ________ (explore) a hole in the bottom of the sea.
Having spent； to explore 此处为非谓语动词作状语, we与spend之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，根据时间状语three weeks可知，spend所表示的动作发生在谓语动词made所表示的动作之前，故空处用现在分词的完成式，置于句首，首字母大写，故填Having spent； 第二空是want to do sth. “想要做某事”，填to explore。
答案与解析
9.From its start five years ago, the University of Ulster’s Confucius Institute has grown ________ (comprise) 51 teachers and 19，000 registered students.
to comprise 句意：阿尔斯特大学孔子学院自五年前成立以来，已发展到拥有51名教师和1.9万名注册学生。根据has grown可推知，此处描述该孔子学院五年来发展的结果，应用comprise的不定式形式作状语，故填to comprise。
答案与解析
10.And registered donors who die outside a hospital typically can’t donate their organs since the tissue can’t be monitored or transported fast enough ________ (keep) it viable.
to keep 此处是“副词+ enough to do”句式，故填to keep。
答案与解析
11.Virginie started by calling his brother, who told her that Laurent was too stubborn ________ (give) up.
to give 此处是too ... to do 结构，故填to give。
答案与解析
12.They were fully entitled to ask him tough questions, ________ (give) that he was a rule maker.
given given that ... “鉴于……”。
答案与解析
13.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
to perform 句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从20世纪80年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大的区域内持续采用是昂贵的。该处是“主语+be+adj.+to do”句式，其中不定式作结果状语，与methods是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to perform。
答案与解析
14.________ (paint) in hand scroll (手卷) format with cavalier perspective painting methods, the entire piece vividly illustrates the urban life of Suzhou during the High Qing era, with lively trades, countless businessmen and various goods.
Painted 分析句子结构可知paint与主语the entire piece为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Painted。
答案与解析
15.They imprint the stamps, usually with single or multicolored pictures of the scenic spots or images of famous people on postcards or in travel journals, thus ________ (create) a unique memory of their travels.
creating 句意：他们通常在邮票上印上风景名胜的单色或多色照片，或者在明信片或旅行日记上印上名人的照片，从而创造出一种独特的旅行记忆。此处表自然而然的结果，create和前面的句子为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填creating。
答案与解析
16.During the early hours of the Lantern Festival, about 60 to 70 villagers gather to burn the midnight oil at the local ancestral hall ________ (finish) the making of the giant boat, which is about 6 to 8 meters long and 3 to 4 meters in height, in one go.
to finish 根据语境可知，“ (finish) the making of the giant boat”是“gather to burn the midnight oil at the local ancestral hall”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to finish。
答案与解析
17.①Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its appealing smell when ________ (heat).
heated 分析本组句子可知，从属连词 when，while, even if后均无主语，故空处应填非谓语动词，构成“从属连词+非谓语动词”结构作状语。heat和句子主语it之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，填heated。
答案与解析
②When ________ (write), many calligraphers will forget all worries and even themselves, combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.
writing 句子主语 many calligraphers与write之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词writing。
答案与解析
③While ________ (prepare) meals, the Chinese may strive to balance the color, shape, and types of food they choose to eat.
preparing 句子主语the Chinese与prepare之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词preparing。
答案与解析
④A set of her handcrafted double knit Li brocade was added to UNESCO’s collection when ________ (exhibit) in Paris.
exhibited 主语A set of her handcrafted double knit Li brocade与exhibit是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填exhibited。
答案与解析
⑤Chinese medicine might be slowly in curing the patient of the disease, but it has less serious side effects even if ________ (take) frequently, for each medicinal herb is prescribed (开处方) for the benefit of the patient, causing no harm to the liver or the kidneys.
taken but后的分句的主语it(指代Chinese medicine)和take是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填 taken。
答案与解析
◆微技巧 (1)分析句子结构，准确判断空处是否为“从属连词+非谓语动词”结构。
(2)确定填非谓语动词后，再根据动词与句子主语在逻辑上的主动或被动关系确定用 doing 还是done。注意：该类结构也可以看作是省略了主语和 be 动词的状语从句，可以把省略部分补全来确定答案。如①从句补充完整应为 when it was heated。
B组 外刊原味 | Global Times
①___________ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month of the traditional Chinese calendar, the Chongyang Festival, carries profound meaning for Chinese people. In Chinese culture, the number nine, pronounced “jiu”, is a homophone for another word meaning “longevity and good health”, ②___________ (make) this festival a heartfelt tribute to the elderly. This year, the festival falls on October 29, Wednesday.
Celebrated
making
Traditionally, families will come together on this occasion ③________ (honor) their elders and express love and respect. They participate in activities such as gathering to admire the beauty of chrysanthemums, tasting traditional Chongyang cakes and ④________ (take) refreshing sips of chrysanthemum wine.
to honor
taking
①Celebrated 空处作状语，celebrate与the Chongyang Festival是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，且空处位于句首，首字母大 写，故填Celebrated。
②making 此处表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语，填making。
③to honor 此处表家人聚在一起的目的是敬老，故用不定式，填to honor。
④taking 空处与tasting并列作状语，they与take是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，填taking。
答案与解析
核心点2 非谓语动词作定语和补语
1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
inspired 句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹 亭》。本句已有谓语, 故空处为非谓语, 动词inspire与被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填inspired。
答案与解析
2.Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
recognized 此处表示“公认的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。
答案与解析
3.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
falling 空处作定语，表“正在跌落的孩子”，应用现在分词，故填 falling。
答案与解析
4.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
aching 分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词, legs与ache是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，意为“疼痛的双腿”，故填aching。
答案与解析
长难句分析： thing on your way up the mountain], still and your legs].
5.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone. (2023·全国甲卷)
intended 空处所在句为倒装句，该句主语是message, be intended for “打算为……所用”，在句中作定语，应用过去分词形式，故填intended。
答案与解析
6.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. (2023·全国乙卷)
built 句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它是3 000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语动词，build和被修饰词system of ring roads为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，表“精心建造的……”，故填built。
答案与解析
长难句分析： narrow hutong to royal palaces, to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, carefully (build) system of ring roads].
7.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. (2022·全国甲卷)
to journey journey为动词，表“旅行”, step前有序数词first，故用不定式作后置定语，填to journey。
答案与解析
8.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. (2022·全国甲卷)
held 分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，故空处应用非谓语动词形式，hold与the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，表被动，故填held。
答案与解析
9.Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________ (do). (2022·浙江高考)
to do 此处是tell sb. not to do “告诉某人不做……”，故填to do。
答案与解析
10.Orange trees are more than decoration； they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
(全国卷Ⅱ)
decorated 句中them指代前句中的orange trees，且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填decorated。
答案与解析
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.The course is the latest ________ (join) the AP program, which spans subjects from art history to physics and offers tests that enable students ________ (qualify) for college credits.
to join； to qualify 第一空前是最高级，故空处用不定式作后置定语，填to join； 第二空是enable sb. to do sth. “使某人能够做某事”，故填不定式作宾补。
答案与解析
2.These latter interests led her ________ (pursue) a biology degree at Carnegie Mellon University, an experience that she says informed her ability ________ (create) an “order of operations” in her design work.
to pursue； to create 第一空是lead sb. to do sth. “使得某人做某 事”，故空处填不定式作宾补； 第二空修饰名词ability作后置定语, 应用不定式。 the ability to do “做……的能力”。
答案与解析
3.In this way, you’re going to have a challenge that will give you confidence ________ (deal) with many other things in this world.
to deal 句意：这样，你就会有一个挑战，它会给你信心来处理这个世界上的许多其他事情。这里为非谓语动词作名词confidence的后置定语，用不定式，故填to deal。
答案与解析
4.The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book ________ (write) by Tang Dynasty (618—907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, where he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.
written 句意：宣纸一词最早出现在唐代(618—907)学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中，他在书中将宣纸描述为理想的书画载 体。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。write和a book之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词。故填written。
答案与解析
5.According to the Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe, this cooperative project is a dream coming true after three years. We aim to bring to life the opera relics ________ (house) in the Palace Museum.
housed 句意：我们的目标是让故宫博物院的戏曲文物焕发生机。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，house意为“收 藏”，与所修饰词“the opera relics”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式，故填housed。
答案与解析
6.A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them ________ (leave) in the world.
left 分析句子可知，“ (leave) in the world”作后置定语，修饰词组six hundred of them，提示词用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语six hundred of them之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填left。
答案与解析
7.Most wild meat ________ (pour) into Ouésso—and beyond to Brazzaville and Kinshasa, where it ________ (sell) for more than twice the price, is supplied by small hunting camps, and rural forest villages.
pouring； is sold 第一空为非谓语, meat 与pour是逻辑上的主谓关系, 应用现在分词，填pouring； 第二空在从句中作谓语, it与sell是被动关系,应用被动语态,主句是一般现在时，故从句用一般现在时的被动语态，填is sold。 pour此处为熟词生义，意为“大量涌至”。
答案与解析
8.One of the eggs was fake, with a tracking device ________ (plant) inside of it just a few hours earlier.
planted 此处是with复合结构, plant与device是逻辑上的动宾关系, 结合语境中的“几小时以前”，可知此处表已发生的动作，故用过去分词作宾补，填planted。plant 是熟词生义，意为“放置；安置”。a tracking device “跟踪器”。
答案与解析
9.The water is green, cloudy, and cold—and the muddy seabed is found ________ (litter) with trash. There is nothing to see, but there is a sense of curiosity ________ (satisfy).
littered； to be satisfied 分析句子结构可知，第一空是“find+宾语+宾补”的非常规考法, 此处是被动形式，构成“be found +主语补足 语”, litter与seabed是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作主语补足语。be littered with “乱扔……； 遍布……”；第二空作后置定语, satisfy与curiosity是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表未发生的动作，故用不定式的被动式作后置定语，填to be satisfied。
答案与解析
10.They even had ________ (operate) rooms where surgeons performed emergency procedures while in transit—despite the bumping and swaying!
operating 空处作定语修饰名词rooms, 表用途，应用动名词作定 语，填operating。
答案与解析
11.There’s so much more than music-making needed to get your name ________ (hear).
heard 空处在“get+宾语+宾补”结构中作宾补, hear与your name是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作宾补，填heard。
答案与解析
12.Approaching the castle, Sir Fendrel saw a lady ________ (wave) to him from the eastern wall.
waving 空处作宾补，结合语境可知此处表正发生的动作，应用现在分词作宾补，填waving。
答案与解析
13.At 29, Chen finished the translation, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Communist Party of China in 1921 and inspired many people ________ (take) part in revolution.
to take 句意：29岁时，陈先生完成了翻译，这为1921年中国共产党的成立奠定了基础，并激励了许多人参加革命。根据固定短语inspire sb. to do sth. “激励某人做某事”可知，空处应用take的不定式形式to take。故填to take。
答案与解析
14.Earlier this century, the institute set up the Nanjing Yunjin Museum, which is the only professional museum in China ________ (intend) for the display of the brocade (织锦), including its history, weaving technique, culture, and contemporary artworks.
intended 分析句子，非限制性定语从句中is为系动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。句中museum与intend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填intended。
答案与解析
15.The couple’s love for running started as a way __________ (improve) their fitness, but it quickly became a passion.
to improve 空处作定语，修饰名词way，应用不定式，填to improve。
答案与解析
16.Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process ________ (involve) tying knots, tightening them and adding the finishing touches.
involving 分析句子结构可知involve与主语process为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，填involving。
答案与解析
17.Looking inward along the arch, you can see the blue sky, white clouds, a lotus, reflections of the houses in Hongcun, and the local people don’t permit its beauty ________ (destroy).
to be destroyed 分析句子结构可知，此处应用permit ... to do结 构，且beauty与destroy之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be destroyed。
答案与解析
B组 外刊原味 | Serious Eats
A week of exploration flies by, and suddenly it’s the Miao New Year. Although we’d planned to celebrate in Leishan itself, during the week we find ourselves ①________ (invite) by the chief of Paiweng Village, whose handsome house stands just outside of town. The celebrations begin at dark, with firecrackers ②____________ (explode) red, green, and gold umbrellas of sparks on the wood-shingle roofs.
invited
exploding
In the large central room of the house, we meet his mother and extended family. They seem delighted to have four extra guests, and the room soon fills until there are 30 of us ③_________ (seat) on low trestles (条凳). There are no tables, just three evenly spaced braziers (火盆) ④________ (glow) with coals.
seated
glowing
①invited 空处在“find+宾语+宾补”结构中作宾补，invite与ourselves是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，填invited。
②exploding 空处在with结构中作宾补，firecrackers与explode是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补，填exploding。
③seated 空处在句中作定语，be seated“就座”，应用过去分词形式，填seated。
④glowing 空处作定语，修饰braziers, braziers与glow是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语，填glowing。
答案与解析
核心点3 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语
1.To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
to bite 句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆开。 此处是“whether+不定式”结构作decide的宾语，且空处与下文的to put是并列关系，故填to bite。
答案与解析
2.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. (2023·全国乙卷)
recording 根据spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的用法可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填recording。
答案与解析
3.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. (全国乙卷)
to have 句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行都有，并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据aim to do “旨在，目的是”的用法可知，该处填to have作宾语。
答案与解析
4.Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place. (全国乙卷)
visiting 空前是介词of，应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填visiting。
答案与解析
5.After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (全国甲卷)
spending 设空处作介词After的宾语，且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填spending。
答案与解析
6.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice. (2022·浙江高考)
to continue 动词plan后面跟动词不定式作宾语, plan to do sth. “计划做某事”，故填to continue。
答案与解析
7.These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
to begin 句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。此处是“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句式，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，故填to begin。
答案与解析
8.It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (全国甲卷)
to walk 分析句子可知，此处为句型“It +be+adj.+to do sth.”, it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式形式作真正的主语，故填to walk。
答案与解析
9.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there. (全国卷Ⅲ)
to get It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 为固定句式，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”，该句式中it为形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式，故填to get。
答案与解析
10.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ________ (challenge). (全国卷Ⅲ)
challenged 设空在句中作表语，表“受到挑战的”，故用过去分词作表语。
答案与解析
错解分析 易误填challenging，但是challenging “富有挑战性的”，表某物或某事具有的性质和特征，不符合语境。
A组 外刊单句/模拟好题单句
1.As for ________ (clean) windows, it’s impossible ________ (achieve) a good result.
cleaning； to achieve 第一空前是介词短语As for，故该空填动名词cleaning； 第二空是固定句式It’s+adj.+ to do, it是形式主语, 真正的主语是不定式，故填to achieve。
答案与解析
2.It was scary ________ (lose) what Holmes described as “dream jobs”, but they soon found that they enjoyed ________ (have) more time to travel, see loved ones and watch lots of TV.
to lose； having 第一空是固定句式It’s+adj.+ to do, it是形式主语, 真正的主语是不定式，故填to lose； 第二空是enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”，填动名词having。
答案与解析
3.I have found that ________ (organize) the Tupperware drawer is a good start, as it tends ________ (involve) a lot of crouching, standing and then crouching again.
organizing； to involve 第一空作主语, 应用动名词,填organizing；第二空是tend to do sth. “易于做某事”，故填to involve。
答案与解析
4.Once below, Laurent attempts ________ (close) the door, but water keeps ________ (rush) in, making the task impossible.
to close； rushing 第一空是attempt to do sth. “试图做某事”，故填to close； 第二空是keep doing sth. “继续做某事”，故填rushing。
答案与解析
5.Regardless of whether or not you are a grandparent, if you get a message like this and it appears ________ (be) from a loved one, before ________ (send) any money be sure to call the relative directly to ask if they really are in some kind of trouble.
to be； sending 第一空是appear to do sth. “好像做某事”； 第二空前是介词before，故空处填动名词作宾语，填sending。
答案与解析
6.Even if it’s a name and photo of someone you know, confirm it’s them by ________ (reach) out to them in another way.
reaching 空前是介词by，故空处填动名词作宾语，填reaching。by doing sth. “通过做某事”。
答案与解析
7.Shao is considering ________ (open) an exhibition hall so that more people can learn about this craft and, ideally, pass it down to future generations.
opening consider “考虑”，后接动名词作宾语。open意为“开设”，故填动名词opening，作considering的宾语。
答案与解析
8.Moreover, you are also expected to avoid ________ (influence) by those more stressed than you.
being influenced avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某 事”，结合by可知，influence与you为逻辑上的动宾关系，用动名词的被动式作宾语。故填being influenced。
答案与解析
9.And in some cases, such as in a busy coffee shop, you may have to blur the background, as people near you may not want ________ (see) in your meeting.
to be seen 根据want to do sth. “想要做某事”的用法可知，此处用不定式作宾语, see 与people是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式to be done作宾语，填to be seen。
答案与解析
10.If there is one thing Beyoncé knows what ________ (do), it is make the most of every opportunity.
to do 空前是动词knows和特殊疑问词what，故填不定式to do。
答案与解析
11.How ________ (narrow) the distance between traditional art and Generation Z audiences is something that play writers and directors should work together to accomplish.
to narrow 句意：如何拉近传统艺术与Z世代观众之间的距离，是编剧和导演应该共同努力的事情。此处是“疑问词+to do sth.”结 构。故填to narrow。
答案与解析
12.By including the hanfu parade into its Chinese New Year celebrations, the China Cultural Centre in Malta showed its commitment to promoting cultural exchange and ________ (strengthen) the bonds of friendship between Malta and China.
strengthening 空处作介词to的宾语,应用动名词，填strengthening。
答案与解析
13.And right now, she had no choice but ________ (have) faith.
to have have no choice but to do “除了做……别无选择”。
答案与解析
14.One of the most annoying things about hybrid meetings is that people often don’t feel ________ (include).
included 空处作表语, include与people是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，填included。 feel included “感觉被包容”。
答案与解析
15.From top leaders to ordinary citizens, ________ (plant) trees has been a widespread practice for the Chinese.
planting 空处作主语, 应用动名词形式。故填planting。
答案与解析
16.Mao said that instead of ________ (wake) up by an alarm clock in the morning, it is the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire ________ (achieve) that get them out of bed.
being woken； to achieve 第一空作介词宾语，且they与wake up是逻辑上的被动关系, 故用动名词的被动式，填being woken；第二空根据desire to do “渴望做”可知填不定式作宾语。
答案与解析
B组 外刊原味 | The Wall Street Journal
Even a quick walk is a deposit toward your well-being. Besides ①______________ (bring) generosity and flexibility to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help ②_________________ (sustain) your motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way to burn calories or lose weight, it can help focus on more satisfying reasons to do it, like ③__________ (clear) your mind or feeling less stressed.
bringing
to sustain/sustain
clearing
④____________ (approach) the process of exercise as something appealing makes a difference. The key is ⑤________ (focus) on the pleasure that exercise can bring, then pick an activity actually rewarding.
人们不愿意投身日常运动，除了惰性之外，还有什么原因 怎样的心态能让我们坚持运动
Approaching
to focus
①bringing 空前是介词besides,故空处用动名词作宾语,填bringing。
②to sustain/sustain 根据help do/to do可知，此处填to sustain/sustain作宾语。
③clearing 空处作介词like的宾语，应用动名词，填clearing。
④Approaching 空处作主语，应用动名词，且空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填Approaching。
⑤to focus 空处作表语，解释说明主语The key，应用不定式作表语，填to focus。
答案与解析
积
①sustain one’s motivation保持动力 ②clear one’s mind使思路清晰
